Journal of Bryology ISSN: 0373-6687 (Print) 1743-2820 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/yjbr20 Mosses of Bhutan II*. A checklist of the mosses of Bhutan D. G. Long To cite this article: D. G. Long (1994) Mosses of Bhutan II*. A checklist of the mosses of Bhutan, Journal of Bryology, 18:2, 339-364, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1994.18.2.339 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1994.18.2.339 Published online: 18 Jul 2013. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 20 View related articles Citing articles: 5 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=yjbr20 Download by: [British Bryological Society] Date: 09 May 2017, At: 04:09 Journal of Bryology (1994) 18: 339-364 Mosses of Bhutan 11*. A checklist of the mosses of Bhutan DAVID G. LONG Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, U.K. SUMMARY A checklist is given of the mosses of Bhutan based on published reports. Totals of 156 genera and 282, species are recorded. The main past collectors of mosses in Bhutan are listed, together with sources of erroneous reports; 44 erroneous and doubtful taxa are excluded. The name Breutelia setschwanica is applied to the only Himalayan mem- ber of the genus. The name Barbula [lavicans is proposed as an avowed substitute for the illegitimate Tortula [lavescens Hook. & Grev. (Barbula fuscescens C. Mull. nom. inval.) KEYWORDS: Mosses, checklist, Bhutan, Himalaya, Breutelia setschwanica, Barbula [lavicans. INTRODUCTION Of all the countries and states in the Himalayan region, Bhutan is probably one of the richest bryologically yet one of the least-known. Few bryologists have had the opportunity to collect there. However the bryologicalliterature contains many scattered reports of mosses which have never been brought together before as a checklist. The Hepaticae have fared better, in that two recent papers (Long, 1979a; Long & Grolle, 1990) have provided an up-to-date list. The present list attempts to gather together existing published data and to weed out some of the detectable erroneous records. PAST COLLECTORS OF MOSSES IN BHUTAN 1. William Griffith (1810-1845). Griffith was the first major botanical collector to visit Bhutan, travelling from east to west with an armed British deputation for 5 months in 1838 (Lamond, 1970; Long, 1979b). He collected many mosses which, like his hepa- ticae, have never been systematically worked up and published as a list. His collections are represented in BM, H-BR, E, NY and probably many other herbaria. However, many of his discoveries in Bhutan (though· notably absent from Mitten, 1859) have been published in a wide range of papers and monographs (Table 1). Other reports from Bhutan especially by Brotherus (1924, 1925) and Bruhl (1931) may be based on Griffith collections but the source was not given. Some of these have kindly been checked in Brotherus' herbarium (H-BR) by J. Enroth. *Paper I in this series was published in Proceedings of the Congress of East Asian Bryology, Helsinki, 1990, Bryobrothera (1992) 1: 119-125. 339 340 DA VID G. LONG Table 1. Selected species collected by Griffith in Bhutan. Species Reported by Aongstroemia orientalis Mitten (1891) Atractylocarpus erectifolius Dixon (1938) Barbula nigrescens Gangulee (1969-1980) Fabronia pusilla Vohra (1983) Hymenostylium annotinum Dixon (1910) Molendoa sendtneriana Saito (1972) Orthotrichum crispifolium Lewinsky (1992) Orthotrichum griffithii Lewinsky (1992) Philonotis roylei Brotherus (1924) Stereo don confinis Mitten (1891) Syrrhopodon gardneri Gangulee (1969-1980) Griffith specimens bear one of two types of numbers: field numbers and Kew Distribu- tion (KD) numbers. The first are Griffith's own collection numbers, mostly found on specimens in his own herbarium (BM); the second are numbers added by hand to printed labels for the Herbarium of the East India Company, distributed from Kew in 1875, widely existing in many herbaria (eg. BM, E, H -BR and NY). Occasionally erroneous geographi- cal information has become attached to Griffith specimens and some specimens labelled 'Bhutan' actually come from Assam (eg. Garovaglia elegans). Where specimens have original localities their correct origin can often be worked out from Griffith's Journals and Itinerary Notes (Griffith, 1847, 1848). 2. Botanical Survey of India. Between 1963 and 1965 the Botanical Survey of India col- lected widely in Bhutan; many mosses were collected during these visits by B. M. Wadhwa and J. N. Vohra. These specimens are deposited in Calcutta (CAL). Many of the pleuro- carpous mosses were reported by Vohra (1983), such as Leptopterigynandrum autoicum, Lescuraea darjeelingensis , Thuidium sparsifolium, T. talongense and T. vestitissimum. 3. Tokyo University. Over the past two decades botanists from Tokyo University (TI) and other institutes in Japan collected widely in Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling and Bhutan. Many of their records of mosses from Bhutan were reported by Noguchi (1971) and Gangulee (1969-1980), e.g. Fissidens grandifrons, Oligotrichum aligerum, Rhodobryum laxe-limbatum, Sphaerotheciella sphaerocarpa and Sphagnum girgensohnii. 4. D. G. Long, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. As part of the Flora of Bhutan project (vascular plants) based at Edinburgh, D. G. Long was able to collect bryophytes in Bhutan in 1975, 1979 and 1982. The hepaticae have been reported by Long (1979a) and Long & Grolle (1990) and some of the more interesting mosses by Long (1992), such as Bryo- erythrophyllum inaequalifolium, Climacium dendroides, Erpodium mangiferae, Didymo- don michiganensis, Microdendron sinense and Tetrodontium brownianum. Records of some Neckeraceae are given by Enroth (1994). 5. Excluded reports from Bhutan. a. T. J. Booth. As pointed out by Long (1979a), bryophyte records labelled 'Bhotan, Booth' or 'Bhotan, herb. Nuttall' are erroneous, e.g. Fissidens diversifolius and Trematodon MOSSES OF BHUTAN II. CHECKLIST 341 sabulosus reported from Bhutan by Mitten (1859) and subsequent authors, are based on Booth collections from Arunachal Pradesh, India (in BM). b. L. Durel, Determes, C. G. Rogers and G. Gammie. As in the case of his hepaticae (Long, 1979a),.Durel's mosses from 'Bhotan' collected in 1898 originated not from Bhutan but from the Kalimpong district of West Bengal, India, an area formerly known as British Bhotan. Many of these records were accepted by Brotherus (1924, 1925) and BrUhl (1931) as originating from Bhutan, without indication of source. Examples of Durel 's collections (in BM and H-BR) labelled 'Bhotan' are Brotherella curvirostris, Lyellia crispa, Pogo- natum aloides, Wijkia deflexifolia, Ectropothecium sikkimense, Floribundaria aurea and Papillaria semitorta. Similarly, specimens collected by Determes, Rogers and Gammie in 'Bhutan' are probably also from Kalimpong district, e.g. Sphagnum cuspidatulum, S. magellanicum, Cryptoleptodon flexuosus and Floribundaria leptonema reported in Gangulee (1969-1980). CHECKLIST The following list includes all species known to have been reported from Bhutan, arranged alphabetically by family and genus. Erroneous reports (e.g. species based on Durel collections) are discussed under relevant species. Some other reports may also be erroneous but it has not been possible to determine the precise source such as several species reported by Gangulee (1969-1980) and Chopra (1975) (e.g. Anomo- bryum auratum). Specimens are cited only to clarify early reports of questionable origin from Bhutan. Delimitation of families follows Crosby & Magill (1978) with recent modifications by Buck (1980, 1994), Buck & Ireland (1985), Buck & Crum (1990) and Buck & Vitt (1986). Identifications published as doubtful have been excluded. AMBL YSTEGIACEAE Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) B.S.G.: Gangulee (1969-1980). CaDiergonellacuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra Cratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.) Roth: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). Platydictya subtile (Hedw.) Crum: Vohra (1983). Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). Sarmentypnum sarmentosum (Wahlenb.) Tuom. & T. Kop. Calliergonsarmentosum (Wahlenb.) Kindb.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Ochyra, Koponen & Norris (1991), Vohra (1983). Wamstorfia exannulata (B.S.G.) Loeske Drepanocladus exannulatus (B.S.G.) Warnst.: Gangulee (1969-1980). 342 nA VIn G. LONG ANDREAEACEAE Andreaea mpestris Hedw.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Chopra (1975). ANOMonONTACEAE Anomodon minor (Hedw.) FUrnr. subsp. integerrimus (Mitt.) Iwats.: Iwatsuki (1963), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971), Vohra (1983). A. rugelii (C. MUll.) Keissl.: Long (1992). A. viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Tayl.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Vohra (1983). AULACOMNIACEAE Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwagr.: Long (1992). A. turgidum (Wahlenb.) Schwagr.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). BARTRAMIACEAE Bartramia halleriana Hedw.: Kabiersch (1937), Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). B. ithyphylla Brid.: Gangulee (1969-1980), Noguchi (1971). B. pomiformis Hedw.: Kabiersch (1937). var. elongata Turn.: Gangulee (1969-1980). Breutelia setschwanica Broth. B. dicranacea auct. non (C. MUll.) Mitt. B. deflexa Kab.: Brotherus (1924), BrUhl (1931). These early reports are probably based on Griffith specimens from Bhutan (KD 227,228, BM). However the name B. dicranacea is based on a type from