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Boletín En Versión MNHN CHILE Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile - No 52 -196 p. - 2003 MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA Ministro de Educación Pública Sergio Bitar C. Subsecretaria de Educación María Ariadna Hornkohl Directora de Bibliotecas Archivos y Museos Clara Budnik S. Este volumen se terminó de imprimir en abril de 2003. Impreso por Tecnoprint Ltda. Santiago de Chile MNHN CHILE BOLETÍN DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL CHILE Directora María Eliana Ramírez Directora del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Editor Daniel Frassinetti Comité Editor Pedro Báez R. Mario Elgueta D. Juan C. Torres - Mura Consultores invitados María T. Alberdi Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - CSIC - Madrid Juan C. Cárdenas Ecocéanos Germán Manríquez Universidad de Chile Pablo Marquet Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Clodomiro Marticorena Universidad de Concepción Rubén Martínez Pardo Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Carlos Ramírez Universidad Austral Arturo Rodríguez Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Walter Sielfeld Universidad Arturo Prat Alberto Veloso Universidad de Chile Rodrigo Villa Universidad de Chile © Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos Inscripción Nº 64784 Edición de 800 ejemplares Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Casilla 787 Santiago de Chile www.mnhn.cl Se ofrece y se acepta canje Exchange with similar publications is desired Échange souhaité Wir bitten um Austauch mit aehnlichen Fachzeitschriften Si desidera il cambio con publicazioni congeneri Deseja-se permuta con as publicações congéneres Este volumen se encuentra disponible en soporte electrónico como disco compacto Contribución del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural al Programa del Conocimiento y Preservación de la Diversidad Biológica El Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural es indizado en Zoological Records a través de Biosis Las opiniones vertidas en cada uno de los artículos publicados son de exclusiva responsabilidad del autor respectivo. BOLETÍN DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL CHILE 2003 52 SUMARIO ARIEL CAMOUSSEIGHT Biología de Heteronemia mexicana Gray, 1835 (Phasmatodea, Diapheromeridae), una especie con reproducción explosiva, asociada a bosque de pino .......................................... 7 CAROLINA VILLAGRÁN, ELIZABETH BARRERA, JORGE CUVERTINO y NICOLÁS GARCÍA Musgos de la isla Grande de Chiloé, X Región, Chile: Lista de especies y rasgos fitogeográficos ....................................................................................................................... 17 MÉLICA MUÑOZ-SCHICK y RAQUEL PINTO Nueva especie de Malesherbia para la flora de Chile: Malesherbia corallina M. Muñoz et R. Pinto (Malesherbiaceae)............................................................................................... 45 FEDERICO LUEBERT, RODOLFO GAJARDO y MARLIS ESTAY Nota fitosociológica sobre las asociaciones forestales del Parque Nacional Tolhuaca (Chile) .................................................................................................................... 51 HERMAN NÚÑEZ, JOSÉ NAVARRO, CARLOS GARÍN, DANIEL PINCHEIRA-DONOSO y VALERIA MERIGGIO Phrynosaura manueli y Phrynosaura torresi , nuevas especies de lagartijas para el Norte de Chile (Squamata: Sauria) ........................................................................................ 67 RODRIGO VIDAL S. y ROBERTO MELÉNDEZ C. Genetic and demographic variation among different colorations of the Eastern South Pacific fish “jerguilla” (Aplodactylus punctatus Valenciennes, 1832) (Perciformes: Aplodactylidae) ............................................................................................... 89 GIAN P. SANINO, KOEN VAN WAEREBEEK y JOSÉ YÁÑEZ Revisión de la distribución del género Delphinus y primeros registros documentados de Delphinus capensis en Chile ................................................................................................. 97 GIAN P. SANINO, CHRISTOPHER HAMILTON-WEST, ALEJANDRA ROJAS, KOEN VAN WAEREBEEK y JOSÉ YÁÑEZ Estudios de restos varados de Delphinus delphis y primer registro documentado de pneumonia focal abscedativa en Chile ............................................................................. 103 THOMAS J. DEVRIES y DANIEL FRASSINETTI C. Range extensions and biogeographic implications of chilean Neogene mollusks found in Peru .........................................................................................................119 DAVID RUBILAR-ROGERS Registro de dinosaurios en Chile ........................................................................................... 137 RAFAEL LABARCA E. Relación hombre-mastodonte en el Semiárido chileno: El caso de Quebrada Quereo (IV Región, Coquimbo) ......................................................................................................... 151 SILVIA QUEVEDO, JOSÉ COCILOVO, HÉCTOR H. VARELA y MARÍA A. COSTA-JUNQUEIRA Perfil paleodemográfico de El Cerrito (La Herradura), un grupo de pescadores arcaicos del Norte semiárido de Chile ................................................................................................ 177 Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 52: 7-15 (2003) 7 BIOLOGÍA DE HETERONEMIA MEXICANA GRAY, 1835 (PHASMATODEA, DIAPHEROMERIDAE), UNA ESPECIE CON REPRODUCCIÓN EXPLOSIVA, ASOCIADA A BOSQUE DE PINO ARIEL CAMOUSSEIGHT Sección Entomología. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla 787, Santiago - Chile [email protected] RESUMEN La crianza en condiciones de laboratorio de Heteronemia mexicana Gray, permitió registrar los siguientes resul- tados: a) La oviposturas de una hembra es en promedio de 480 huevos (N = 10). b) De esos sólo el 31,4% eclosionan. c) De las ninfas nacidas, 1,7% alcanzan la primera muda y de éstas 1,3% llegan al estado adulto. La talla promedio lograda por los machos es de 8,7 cm y por las hembras de 10,6 cm. Al nacer todos los individuos miden 10 mm, talla que duplican luego de la primera muda, representando el mayor de los incrementos del ciclo postembrionario. La etapa con mayor índice de mortalidad (98%) resultó ser el 1er instar ninfal en tanto que los siguientes acumularon un 0,4%. d) La proporción sexual de los adultos fue de 1:2 (7 hembras y 19 machos). e) El período de desarrollo de los machos, de 114 días como promedio, fue fijo a través de 7 mudas, mientras que el período en las hembras presentó dos modalidades: una con 7 mudas de duración, similar a la de los machos y otra con 8 mudas y un período consecuentemente más largo que promedió los 144,2 días. f) Para los machos se registró un promedio de vida adulta 59,1% más corta que para las hembras (47,3 días contra 80 días de éstas últimas). g) La etapa de postura (en promedio 65,1 días) se prolonga por más del doble de la etapa previa a la oviposición en las hembras (promedio 17,6 días). h) El ciclo de vida totalizó en promedio 171 días para los machos y 215 para las hembras. Palabras clave: Heteronemia mexicana (Phasmatodea), Chile, Ciclo de vida. ABSTRACT Biology of Heteronemia mexicana Gray, 1835 (Phasmatodea, Diapheromeridae), an species with explosive reproduction, associated to pine forest. The rear of Heteronemia mexicana Gray in laboratory conditions has provided the following results: a) females produced an average of 480 eggs each (N = 10), b) only 31,4% of these eggs has succeeded in beeing born. c) the ninfs that rised up reached the first moulting on an average of 1,7%, but then only a 1,3% of them arrived to the imago state. Males height reached 8,7 cm on average, while females reached 10,6 cm, though all of the individuals measured 10 mm at birth, after the first moulting they double their height; this is the largest growing in the whole postembryonic cycle. The largest mortality rate (about 98%) has occurred at the state just before the first moulting, the following postembryonic states having an average of 0,4%. d) sexual rate got to be 19 males to 7 females (1:2). e) the whole development period has taken 114 days, divided in 7 moultings in the case of males and almost all the females. Yet, several females has shown a longer development, 144,2 days on average, and an eighth moulting. f) males adult life is 59,1% shorter than females. It lasted an average of 47,3 days while females live 80 days. g) the egg-laying period (65,1 days) lasts more than twice the time than the previous state (17,6 days). h) life cycle lasted 171,1 days in males case, and 215 in females. Key words: Heteronemia mexicana (Phasmatodea), Chile, Life cycle. INTRODUCCIÓN En el verano de 1989, se detectó en la localidad de Palhuén, 35o11’S 72o12’O, y a 250 m.s.m., VII Región, una población de palotes (nombre común con que son conocidos los fásmidos largos, delgados y ápteros en Chile) que cubría una extensa área de bosque cultivado de Pinus radiata, el que ha reempla- zado a la vegetación nativa replegada sólo a pequeñas quebradas. Las especies del Orden Phasmotodea, tienen en el país una discreta representación tanto en nú- mero de especies, como por el tamaño de sus poblaciones, A pesar de ello tienen una gran notoriedad en el contexto popular, debido a la ancestral y falsa creencia de que pican, y muy particularmente el cerebro. 8 BOLETIN DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL, CHILE Estos antecedentes nos permiten pensar que cualquier modificación, en la forma de explosiones demo- gráficas, aunque levemente semejantes a las ocurridas en Palhuén, habrían sido registradas. Por ello nos inclinamos por aceptar, que se trata de la primera vez que una especie del Orden, alcanza un desarollo poblacional con cifras no
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