DOCSLIB.ORG

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47504-4 — Foreign Policy As Nation Making Reem Abou-El-Fadl Index More Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47504-4 — Foreign Policy As Nation Making Reem Abou-El-Fadl Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47504-4 — Foreign Policy as Nation Making Reem Abou-El-Fadl Index More Information Index 1950s anticolonial nationalism significance of, 35–6 internal constitutional processes, 17 spiritual and material domains, 28–9 Abdu, Muhammad, 31, 53–5, 59 anticommunism students of, 60–2 Democrat Party (Turkey), 140, Abdulhamit, Sultan, 50–2, 56 142–5, see also Cold War Abdulmecit, Sultan, 42–3 doctrine: Democrat Party Afghani, Jamal al-Din al-, 53, 55 (Turkey) Africa state media Egypt and, 173, 225–6 Turkey, 201–2 Gamal Abdel Nasser, 119–20 anti-Zionism Ag˘ aog˘ lu, Ahmet, 79–80 Egypt after Nasser, 318 Ag˘ aog˘ lu, Samet, 79 Arab Affairs Bureau, 169–70, see also Agayev, Ahmet. See Ag˘ aog˘ lu, Ahmet specific activities agrarian reform. See land reform Arab countries Agreement on Expropriation and Egyptian foreign policy. See Confiscation (1957), 253 pan-Arabism: Egypt Ahiska, Meltem, 58 Turkish foreign policy, 189, 191–4, aid, foreign 196–9, 290, 304–6, 309 Turkey’s pursuit of, 92–4, 179, Arab culture 187–90, 233–41, 257 denigration of, 58–9, 72 United States to Egypt, 164, 302 Arab League United States to Turkey, 251–2 foundation of, 70–1, 177 Akçura, Yusuf, 56–7 meeting (May 1953), 172 Al-Ahram, 262 Arab League Collective Security Pact Algerian revolution (ACSP), 157, 209–12 Egypt and, 171–2 Egyptian withdrawal, 212 Ali, Muhammad (governor of Egypt), Arab League countries 42, 45–7, 61 Fathi al-Deeb’s visits (1954), 171, al-jahiliyya,47 175 Allen, George, 231 Arab League Economic Council, 283 Allenby, Edmund, Lord, 107–8 Arab Socialist Union, 317–18 Al-Masaa’, 279–80, 282 Arab students Anatolia Egypt. See students, Arab:Egypt resistance (1922), 64 Arab unity. See pan-Arabism Anderson, Benedict, 23 Arabic language Anderson, Robert, 230, 236, 261, restoration of prestige, 141 267–8 Wafdist view, 69–70 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty (1936), 67 Arabs Anglo-Egyptian Treaty (1954), 302 Turkey’s Others, 296–7 361 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47504-4 — Foreign Policy as Nation Making Reem Abou-El-Fadl Index More Information 362 Index Arafat, Yasser, 208 Baghdadi, Abd al-Latif al-, 107, 150 Aras, TevfikRü¸stü, 98 Bandung Conference. See Asian and Armenian massacre (1915), 59 African Nations Conference army (Bandung) Egypt Banna, Hassan al-, 105 Free Officers’ pamphlets, 110–11 Bayar, Celâl, 74–5, 126–7, see also Turkey Democrat Party (Turkey) development of since 1960, 316 on Atatürk University, 182 influence of United States, 183–4 Baghdad Pact nation making, 183–4 Jordan, 198–9 Asian and African Nations Conference Lebanon, 197–8 (Bandung), 148, 195–6, on Britain and the Baghdad Pact, 239 204–5, 225–7, 306 CUP Special Organisation, 82–3 Aswan High Dam, 163, 220, 230, 232, on Eisenhower Doctrine, 244 261–3, 285–6, 306 on entrepreneurship, 90 Soviet aid, 279 on freedom, 87, 129 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 72 on industrialisation, 178–9 Anatolian resistance, 64 I¸s Bankasi, 80 appropriated by Recep Tayyip Ismet Inönü and, 80 Erdog˘ an, 315 Jordan visit (1955), 215–16 cultural reforms, 30 liberalism, 81 Democrat Party and, 82 Ottoman Orientalism, 297 Free Republican Party (FRP), 79 People’s Party, 83 as Gazi, 64 Soviet Union modernising discourse, 64–5, 74 change in attitude to, 89–90 Ottoman Orientalism, 296–7 on Syria and the Eisenhower views on civilisation, 64–5, 74 Doctrine, 243–4 Yusuf Akçura and, 57 on United States and Turkey, 130 Atatürk Law (1951), 200 United States visit (January 1954), Atay, Falih Rifki, 81 184–5 Atlantic Pact. See NATO on western alliances, 94 Aydemir, ¸SevketSüreyya, 91–2 Western outlook, 289 Azm, Khalid al-, 215 on universities and armed forces, 181 Baydur, Huseyin Ragib, 188 Baghdad Pact (1955), 2–3 Beirut Declaration (1956), 239 Britain’s motive for, 209 Ben Bella, Ahmed, 171–2 Egypt’s containment efforts, Ben Gurion, David, 159–60, 222–3, 213–18, 222–3, 229, 232, 230 305–6 invasion of Egypt (1955), 268 France and, 222 Bier, Laura, 280–1 frozen, 271–2 Bizri, Afif al-, 244 Israel and, 222 bourgeoisie Nasser’s rejection, 176, 207 Turkey, 77–8, 92–3, 180 pan-Arabism and, 177 Bradley, Omar, 137 signing, 212 Braveboy-Wagner, Jacqueline, 8 Turkey and, 178–9, 194–9, 202–3, Britain 236, 238–41, 243, 304–5, hostility to Egypt, 157 307, 310 Palestine War (1948), 117 United States and, 236–7, 240–1, See also Baghdad Pact (1955); Egypt: 243, 251–2, 272 British occupation © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47504-4 — Foreign Policy as Nation Making Reem Abou-El-Fadl Index More Information Index 363 Bulganin, Nikolai, 246, 248–9 pan-Arabism, 166–77, 204–5, 262 Byroade, Henry, 223 political parties and, 150, 153 sovereignty–development dilemma, Caffrey, Jefferson, 159 218–19 capitalism treatment of leftists, 151 étatisme and, 79 West, the, 303 CCR. See Command Council of the Committee of Union and Progress Revolution (CCR) (CUP), 50, 56 Chamoun, Camille, 197, 214–15 Democrat Party founders and, 82–3 Chatterjee, Partha, 28–9, 57 influence of Young Ottomans, 50 China Ziya Gökalp, 57–8 Egypt appeals to for assistance, 226 communism. See anticommunism: Egypt officially recognises, 262 Democrat Party (Turkey); support for nationalisation of Suez Cold War doctrine:Democrat Canal Company, 265 Party (Turkey) Christian minorities Free Officers and, 106, 116–17 Ottoman Empire, 45, 49 Turkey, 317 Turkey, 66–7 Turkish Peace Association, Christianity 143–4 Islam and communists Jamal al-Din Al-Afghani, 54 treatment of civilisation, contemporary Democrat Party (Turkey), 97–9, definition 256 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 74 Justice Party (Turkey), 313 Cold War Constitution agency of Middle East states, 300 Egypt (1956), 281–2 imperial-colonial experience and the, Turkey 36, 288–9 reforms (1952), 141 Cold War doctrine corporatism Democrat Party (Turkey), 75, 89–90, Turkey 94–5, see also anticommu- Democrat Party, 91 nism: Democrat Party Republican People’s Party (RPP), (Turkey) 84 colonialism Council of Europe Turkey’s position on Turkey and Greece invited to join, Asian and African Nations 126 Conference (Bandung), 195 Cultural Unity Agreement (1957), 283 Command Council of the Revolution CUP. See Committee of Union and (CCR), 148–54, see also Free Progress (CUP) Officers Cyprus Baghdad Pact, 305 anti-Greek violence in Turkey development policies, 162–5, see also (1955), 128–9 sovereignty–development dilemma: Egypt Dawud, Dia’ al-Din, 220–1 National Planning Council, 220, Deeb, Fathi al-, 169–71 278 Dekmejian, Richard, 176 National Production Council, 163 Demirel, Süleyman, 313 Permanent Council for Public Demirkirat, 97, 313 Welfare Services, 162 democracy imperialism, 156–7 Wafd Party, 63 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47504-4 — Foreign Policy as Nation Making Reem Abou-El-Fadl Index More Information 364 Index Democrat Party (Turkey), 2, 32, see also public meetings, 86–7 Bayar, Celâl treatment of leftists, 97–9, 142–5 abiding influence of ideology, West, the 313–17, 320 identification with, 146, 289–92, anti-communism, 140, 142–5, 255–7 304 anticorporatism, 91 the Turkish Difference, 292–3 austerity measures (1958), 251 westernisation, 87–90, 96, 99, beneficiary of international 183–5, 199–200, 252–3, 257, circumstances, 82 309–10 Cold War doctrine, 75, 89–90, 94–5 Democratic Movement for National devletçilik,90–5, 179 Liberation (DMNL), 68, 70 economic liberalism, 90 Free Officers and, 106 education policy. See education development (Turkey) sovereignty and. See sovereignty– focus on peasantry, 91, 96–7 development dilemma foreign policy, 187–99, see also development policies. See Command Baghdad Pact (1955), Turkey Council of the Revolution and (CCR): development policies; Arab countries, 189, 191–4, Turkey: development policies 196–9, 290, 304–6, 309 devletçilik Iraq, 192–3 Democrat Party (Turkey), 90–5, 179 Israel, 131–2, 193–4, 239–40 Dörtlü Takrir, 85, 91 Korean War, 130–1 Dulles, John Foster, 159, 189, 227 NATO, 129–40, 179, 190, 301–2, Aswan High Dam, 263 309–10, see also NATO Baghdad Pact Council meeting Soviet Union, 190–1 (January 1958), 251 United States, 93–5, 142–3, 191–2, Iraq and Turkey, 193 253, 257–8, 290, 293, 309 on Middle East defence, 191 Adnan Menderes, 75 Celâl Bayar, 130 Economic Agency NATO accession, 132–6 Egypt, 278 pursuit of additional aid, 187, Eden, Anthony, 157, 266 233–41 education (Egypt), 221 foundation of, 74, 76–82 Ahmad Lufti al-Sayyid’s party, freedom, 84, 123, 129, 253–4 60–1 general election (1954), 180 CCR, 163–4 Grand Congress (October 1951), Ismail Khedive, 47 137–8 pan-Arabism, 69, 174–5, 206–7, 282 halkçilik,84–90 education (Turkey) laiklik,95–9 Imam Hatip schools, 142, 201, 255, land reform, 91–2, 161, 179 314 liberalism middle schools, 200–1 influence of United States, 83, religious education, 142, 199–201 179–85 US experts, 180 military, modernisation of the, 127–8 US models, 181–3 nationalism, 82–4, 146 Village Institutes, replacement of, policies 182 summary, 99–100 Egypt political ascendancy, 126–9 British occupation, 52–4, 121 political rivals, 128 1919 Uprising, 59–63 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47504-4 — Foreign Policy as Nation Making Reem Abou-El-Fadl Index More Information Index 365 pan-Arabism, 69 Faruq, King, 71, 110, 112–13, 149 radicalisation, 56 fascism withdrawal, 159, 205, 229, 302–3 Egypt, 68 Constitution (1956), 279–80 Fayiq, Muhammad, 120, 152, 226 defence pact with Saudi Arabia and feminism Syria, 336–37 gender equality in Egypt, 280–1 Free Officers, 215 Fenik, Mümtaz Faik, 133, 143–4, 146 other empires and, 27 Ferit, Ahmed (Tek), 57 pan-Arabism.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Routledge Handbook on Political Parties in the Middle East and North Africa
    iii ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK ON POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Edited by Francesco Cavatorta, Lise Storm and Valeria Resta First published 2021 ISBN: 978- 0- 367- 21986- 4 (hbk) ISBN: 978- 0- 429- 26921- 9 (ebk) 18 YOUTH ACTIVISM AND POLITICAL PARTIES (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) DOI: 10.4324/9780429269219 The funder for this chapter is Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) 231 1 8 YOUTH ACTIVISM AND POLITICAL PARTIES Kressen Th yen I n t r o d u c t i o n In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), electoral turnout and party membership has been in decline over the past 50 years. The trend of disengagement from formal politics has been most acute among the younger generations. Four per cent of young people aged 18–29 are members of a political party, and only one in four voted in the most recent elections. 1 These developments have been accompanied by a relative absence of youth mobilisation in the public sphere. Until late 2010, most observers seemed to agree that large-scale youth movements were mainly a thing of the past, and that youth as a social category was alienated, divided, and frustrated, and played only a marginal role in the political arena (Meijer 2000 ; Dhillon et al. 2009 ). Consequently, the majority of youth- related studies examining the period prior to the Arab Uprisings concentrated on youth culture and identity, gender relations, religious orientation, arts and music, and generational confl ict (see, e.g. Herrera and Bayat 2010 ; Khalaf and Khalaf 2011 ). Where research focussed on youth activism, it emphasised its dispersed and fragmented engagement in form of ‘non- movements’ (Bayat 2010 ).
    [Show full text]
  • Romania Redivivus
    alexander clapp ROMANIA REDIVIVUS nce the badlands of neoliberal Europe, Romania has become its bustling frontier. A post-communist mafia state that was cast to the bottom of the European heap by opinion- makers sixteen years ago is now billed as the success story Oof eu expansion.1 Its growth rate at nearly 6 per cent is the highest on the continent, albeit boosted by fiscal largesse.2 In Bucharest more politicians have been put in jail for corruption over the past decade than have been convicted in the rest of Eastern Europe put together. Romania causes Brussels and Berlin almost none of the headaches inflicted by the Visegrád Group—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia— which in 1993 declined to accept Romania as a peer and collectively entered the European Union three years before it. Romanians con- sistently rank among the most Europhile people in the Union.3 An anti-eu party has never appeared on a Romanian ballot, much less in the parliament. Scattered political appeals to unsavoury interwar traditions—Legionnairism, Greater Romanianism—attract fewer voters than do far-right movements across most of Western Europe. The two million Magyars of Transylvania, one of Europe’s largest minorities, have become a model for inter-ethnic relations after a time when the park benches of Cluj were gilded in the Romanian tricolore to remind every- one where they were. Indeed, perhaps the aptest symbol of Romania’s place in Europe today is the man who sits in the Presidential Palace of Cotroceni in Bucharest. Klaus Iohannis—a former physics teacher at a high school in Sibiu, once Hermannstadt—is an ethnic German head- ing a state that, a generation ago, was shipping hundreds of thousands of its ‘Saxons’ ‘back’ to Bonn at 4,000–10,000 Deutschmarks a head.
    [Show full text]
  • Monopolizing Power Egypt’S Political Parties Law
    January 2007 Number 1 Monopolizing Power Egypt’s Political Parties Law I. Introduction and Recommendations...................................................................... 1 II. The Political Parties Law ......................................................................................3 III. The 2005 Amendments to the Law...................................................................... 6 IV. The Political Parties Law in Practice ................................................................... 8 V. International Law and Egypt’s Parties Law ......................................................... 14 I. Introduction and Recommendations On January 6, 2007, Abu al-`Ila Madi, a 48-year-old activist from Cairo, will plead his case before Egypt’s Supreme Administrative Court. He has appeared in the court dozens of times over the past 10 years. His purpose is to try once again to register the Wasat (Centrist) Party and begin campaigning under its name. Registering a new political party should be a transparent and apolitical bureaucratic procedure, and in many countries it is.1 In Egypt, however, in practice it is the government, and the party of government, that determine which other parties will be recognized and which will not. The result is the routine denial of applications for registration of new political parties through the use of criteria set forth in the political parties law2 that are open to subjective and arbitrary application. Madi’s struggle to gain legal recognition for the Wasat Party illustrates the deleterious effects of the law on prospective political parties, and the manner in which the government and the ruling National Democratic Party (NDP) exercise unfettered discretion to deny such parties their lawful participation in the country’s political life. If President Hosni Mubarak is to make good on his promise to “enshrine the liberties of the citizen and reinvigorate political parties,”3 the Egyptian government must reform the parties law and cease obstructing the establishment and effective participation of political parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Vichy Against Vichy: History and Memory of the Second World War in the Former Capital of the État Français from 1940 to the Present
    Vichy against Vichy: History and Memory of the Second World War in the Former Capital of the État français from 1940 to the Present Audrey Mallet A Thesis In the Department of History Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne December 2016 © Audrey Mallet, 2016 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Audrey Mallet Entitled: Vichy against Vichy: History and Memory of the Second World War in the Former Capital of the État français from 1940 to the Present and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final examining committee: Chair Dr. G. LeBlanc External Examiner Dr. E. Jennings External to Program Dr. F. Chalk Examiner Dr. D. Peschanski Examiner Dr. C. Claveau Thesis Co-Supervisor Dr. N. Ingram Thesis Co-Supervisor Dr. H. Rousso Approved by: Dr. B. Lorenzkowski, Graduate Program Director December 5, 2016 Dr. A. Roy, Dean, Faculty of Arts & Science Abstract Vichy against Vichy: History and Memory of the Second World War in the Former Capital of the État français from 1940 to the Present Audrey Mallet, Ph.D. Concordia University & Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne, 2016 Following the June 22, 1940 armistice and the subsequent occupation of northern France by the Germans, the French government left Paris and eventually established itself in the city of Vichy.
    [Show full text]
  • The White Rose in Cooperation With: Bayerische Landeszentrale Für Politische Bildungsarbeit the White Rose
    The White Rose In cooperation with: Bayerische Landeszentrale für Politische Bildungsarbeit The White Rose The Student Resistance against Hitler Munich 1942/43 The Name 'White Rose' The Origin of the White Rose The Activities of the White Rose The Third Reich Young People in the Third Reich A City in the Third Reich Munich – Capital of the Movement Munich – Capital of German Art The University of Munich Orientations Willi Graf Professor Kurt Huber Hans Leipelt Christoph Probst Alexander Schmorell Hans Scholl Sophie Scholl Ulm Senior Year Eugen Grimminger Saarbrücken Group Falk Harnack 'Uncle Emil' Group Service at the Front in Russia The Leaflets of the White Rose NS Justice The Trials against the White Rose Epilogue 1 The Name Weiße Rose (White Rose) "To get back to my pamphlet 'Die Weiße Rose', I would like to answer the question 'Why did I give the leaflet this title and no other?' by explaining the following: The name 'Die Weiße Rose' was cho- sen arbitrarily. I proceeded from the assumption that powerful propaganda has to contain certain phrases which do not necessarily mean anything, which sound good, but which still stand for a programme. I may have chosen the name intuitively since at that time I was directly under the influence of the Span- ish romances 'Rosa Blanca' by Brentano. There is no connection with the 'White Rose' in English history." Hans Scholl, interrogation protocol of the Gestapo, 20.2.1943 The Origin of the White Rose The White Rose originated from individual friend- ships growing into circles of friends. Christoph Probst and Alexander Schmorell had been friends since their school days.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 15 TRONDHEIM STUDIES on EAST EUROPEAN CULTURES
    No. 15 TRONDHEIM STUDIES ON EAST EUROPEAN CULTURES & SOCIETIES Constantin Iordachi CHARISMA, POLITICS AND VIOLENCE: THE LEGION OF THE “ARCHANGEL MICHAEL” IN INTER-WAR ROMANIA December 2004 Constantin Iordachi is Assistant Professor of Comparative History at the Central (XURSHDQ8QLYHUVLW\ &(8 %XGDSHVW+HJUDGXDWHGIURPWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI %XFKDUHVW %$ DQGWKH,QVWLWXWHRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WXGLHV8QLYHUVLW\RI/HHGV 0$ DQGKDVHDUQHGKLV3K'LQKLVWRU\DWWKH&(8,RUGDFKLLVVSHFLDOL]LQJ in the comparative social and institutional history of Central and Southeastern Europe, with an emphasis on citizenship studies, fascism and the history of historiography. He published numerous articles in various scholarly journals and edited books, mainly in Romanian, Hungarian and English. His book The Making of Citizenship in Southeastern Europe during the Long Nineteenth Ceuntry: The Case of Romania, is forthcoming with the CEU Press. ISSN 1501-6684 ISBN 82-995792-3-6 © 2004 Constantin Iordachi and the Program on East European Culture and Societies, a program of the faculty of Arts. Norwegian University of science and Technology. Trondheim studies on East European Cultures and Societies Editor: György Péteri Editorial board: Trond Berge, Tanja Ellingsen, Knut Andreas Grimstad, Arne Halvorsen, Sabrina P. Ramet We encourage submission to the Trondheim Studies on East European Culture and Societies. Inconclusion in the series will be based on anonymous review. Manuscripts are expected to be in English (exception is made for Norwegian 0DVWHUCVDQG3K'WKHVLV DQGQRWH[FHHGGRXEOHVSDFHGSDJHV3RVWDODGGUHVV
    [Show full text]
  • Micronlms International 300 N
    INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
    [Show full text]
  • For My Legionaries
    Corneliu Zelea Codreanu FOR MY LEGIONARIES This PDF-document has been created/edited by G. van der Heide Corrections can be send by e-mail ([email protected]) September 2007 Translated from the Romanian Originally published as Pentru Legionari by Editura "Totul Pentru Tara", Sibiu, 1936. English translation first published by Editura "Libertatea", Madrid, 1976 © Copyright 1976 by Editura "Libertatca" Calle Anita Vindel 27, Madrid 23, Spain. International copyright and all rights, including that of translation and/or abridgement reserved. Printed in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS To the legionaries STEPPING INTO LIFE In the Dobrina Forest At the University of Iasi Revolution being prepared The Guard of the National Conscience Constantin Pancu I The occupation of the Agency of State Monopolies by the Guard of the National Conscience The tricolor flag over the Nicolina Works National-Christian Socialism, the National Syndicates The Creed of National-Christian Socialism A truthful picture of the situation in 1919 The leaders of the Romanian workers The attitude of the Jewish press The first Student Congress after the War The opening of the Iasi University in the fall of 1920 The 1920-1921 university year Expelled from Iasi University forever The Council of the School of Law The 1921-1922 university year President of the Law Students' Association Visiting the Cernauti University The review "Apararea Nationala" The founding of the Association of Christian Students Obligation of honor At the end of my university studies The summer of 1922 In Germany THE STUDENT MOVEMENT December 10, 1922 The "Numerus Clausus" THE JEWISH PROBLEM The number of Jews The problem of the Romanian land The problem of the cities The problem of the Romanian school The problem of the Romanian leading class The problem of national culture The return to Romania At Iasi At Bucharest At Cluj The Assembly of Iasi, March 4, 1923.
    [Show full text]
  • World War Two and the Holocaust
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 388 556 SO 025 375 AUTHOR Boas, Jacob TITLE World War 'Iwo and the Holocaust. INSTITUTION Holocaust Center of Northern California, San Francisco. PUB DATE 89 NOTE 11(4.; Photographs may not reproduce clearly. AVAILABLE FROMThe Holocaust Center of Northern California, 639 14th Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Anti Semitism; Conflict Resolution; Ethnic Bias; *Ethnic Discrimination; *Jews; Justice; Modern History; *Nazism; Peace; *Religious Discrimination; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Western Civilizatiol; *World War II IDENTIFIERS *Holocaust ABSTRACT This resource book presents readings that could be used to teach about the Holocaust. The readings are brief and could be appropriate for middle school and high school students. Several photographs accompany the text. The volume has the following chapters:(1) "From War to War" (history of Germany from late 19th Century through the end of World War II with an emphasis on the rise of Hitler and his campaign against Jews);(2) "The Holocaust" (the victims, the ghetto life, death camps, the consequences, etc.); (3) "Chronology 1918-1945" (chart showing by year and month the rise and fall of Nazi Germany, Persecution and Holocaust, and Jewish Response);(4) "Glossary";(5) "100 Holocaust Discussion Questions (Weimar, Hitler, WWII; Nazism and Jewry; Perpetrators, Bystanders, Rescuers; and General)";(6) "Selected Bibliography"; and (7) "Illustration Credits." Contains
    [Show full text]
  • Political Reform in Egypt
    REFORMING EGYPT: IN SEARCH OF A STRATEGY Middle East/North Africa Report N°46 – 4 October 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. EGYPT'S FALSE "SPRING"....................................................................................... 1 A. MUBARAK'S FEBRUARY SURPRISE ........................................................................................1 B. THE SENSE OF MOMENTUM...................................................................................................2 II. THE SEASON OF DISILLUSIONMENT .................................................................. 4 A. THE AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE 76.........................................................................................4 B. THE OTHER LAWS.................................................................................................................7 C. THE IMPLICATIONS ...............................................................................................................8 III. THE WEAKNESS OF THE OPPOSITION ............................................................... 9 A. THE MOVEMENTS FOR REFORM ............................................................................................9 1. Kifaya ........................................................................................................................9 2. The National Rally for Democratic Transformation..............................................13 B. THE POLITICAL PARTIES .....................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Greenberg Washington 0250E
    © Copyright 2012 Nathaniel Greenberg Secrecy, Secularism, and the Coming Revolution in Naguib Mahfouz’s Postwar Masterpieces (1952-1967) Nathaniel Greenberg A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2012 Reading Committee: Terri DeYoung, Chair Cynthia Steele Willis Konick Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Comparative Literature University of Washington Abstract Secrecy, Secularism, and the Coming Revolution in Naguib Mahfouz’s Postwar Masterpieces Nathaniel Greenberg Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor Terri DeYoung Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations In the wake of the Egyptian revolution of 1952, Egypt’s Nobel laureate Naguib Mahfouz turned to stories of corruption and alienation, initiatory underworlds of the revolution’s political detractors drawn from an unlikely aesthetic combination of Hollywood Westerns, local mythology, and Nasserism. Today, his literature appears prophetic, providing a window onto the metaphysical connotations of democratization which, in Egypt, have long been haunted by the moral vacuousness of western style secularism and what Jürgen Habermas has described as the global “revitalization of religion” in the public sphere. Drawing on research conducted before and during the 2011 uprising in Egypt, this dissertation explores how one of the twentieth century’s greatest writers aestheticized— both through novels and through film— the political transformations of his day and how his work might contribute
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Politics in 20Th Century Egypt
    Paola Pizzo Religion and Politics in 20th Century Egypt Translated by Laura Rossella Mike Harakis This book has been funded by the Department of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (DILASS) of the University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy. Aracne editrice www.aracneeditrice.it [email protected] Copyright © MMXIX Gioacchino Onorati editore S.r.l. – unipersonale www.gioacchinoonoratieditore.it [email protected] via Vittorio Veneto, 20 00020 Canterano (Rome) (06) 45551463 isbn 978–88–255–1789–7 No part of this book may be reproduced by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche, or any other means, without publisher’s authorization. Ist edition: July 2019 Contents 9 Foreword 11 Editorial Note 13 Introduction. Turning Points in the Middle East in the 20th Century 19 I. The Confessional Crisis in 1908–1911 1. Implications of the Religious Factor in Occupied Egypt, 19; 1.1. The Dinshaway Incident, 19; 1.2. The Copts and the Na- tionalist Movement at the Turn of the Century, 21; 1.3. The Assassination of Buṭrus Ġālī, 26; 2. The Coptic Congress of Asyut, 29; 2.1. The Coptic–Muslim Discontent, 29; 2.2. The Or- igins of the Coptic Discontent, 37; 2.3. The Speeches, 43; 2.4. The Reactions, 50; 3. The Egyptian Congress, 58; 3.1. The Atti- tude of the Nationalist and Islamic Press, 58; 3.2. Overcoming Confessionalism: an Egyptian Congress, 65; 3.3. The Response to the Copts’ Demands, 70; 3.4. The Proposal for Progress in Egyptian Society, 74; 3.5. The Controversy Abates, 76 81 II. Religion and Nationalism in the Period Following World War I 1.
    [Show full text]