World War II "NO MAN CAN TAME A TIGER INTO A KITTEN BY STROKING IT. THERE CAN BE NO APPEASEMENT WITH RUTHLESSNESS. THERE CAN BE NO REASONING WITH AN INCENDIARY BOMB. WE KNOW NOW THAT A NATION CAN HAVE PEACE WITH THE NAZIS ONLY AT THE PRICE OF TOTAL SURRENDER.“ – FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT By the end of the war, more than 50 countries The Alliances had joined the Allied Powers

 The Axis Powers

 Germany

 Italy

 Japan

 The Allied Powers

 Great Britain

 The United States (1941)

 The Soviet Union (1941)

“Apart altogether from our own vital interests, we cannot and must not desert those other nations who have already gone through so much tragedy and suffering to defeat the evil designs of the Axis Powers.” 1933 Hitler became dictator of Germany

“In the course of my life I have very often been a prophet, and have usually been ridiculed for it. During the time of my struggle for power, it was in the first instance the Jewish race that received my prophecies with laughter - when I said that I would one day take over the leadership of the State, and with it that of the whole nation, and that I would then, among many other things, settle the Jewish problem.” SA (Sturmabteilung)

SA (Sturmabteilung): Hitler’s original group of soldiers, often referred to as “Storm Troopers” or “Brown Shirts” that helped him gain power in 1933. SS (Schutzstaffel)

SS (Schutzstaffel): A group of Nazi soldiers that began as Hitler’s bodyguards and, under the leadership of Heinrich Himmler, transformed into one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Nazi Party. “The best political weapon is the weapon of terror. Cruelty commands respect. Men may hate us. But we don’t ask for their love; only for their fear.”

“I hope to see the very concept of Jewry completely obliterated.” Gestapo

Gestapo: The official secret police of Nazi Germany

The Hitler Youth

The Hitler Youth: The youth organization in the Nazi Party that trained the young to become Nazi supporters and soldiers "My age group was pressured into joining although it was allegedly voluntary. But later on it was compulsory. No one could say no. The Hitler Youth was in charge of everything to do with young people."

“The Fuhrer's goal was to train youth as soldiers. Young men the world would fear. That's what he once said. And the world did fear them.”

"Unconditional faith that the Fuehrer would do things right. He was represented in those days to us as God, well akin to God. And that's how we saw him.“ 1937 Japan invaded China

1938 Hitler conquered Austria and Czechoslovakia

1939 Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland

1939 Great Britain and France declare war on Germany 1940 Germany captured France, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands

Blitzkrieg (“Lightning War”)

Blitzkrieg (“Lightning War”): Germany’s battle strategy that involved short, quick, and powerful attacks using tanks, ground soldiers, and planes. It emphasized speed and surprise. 1940 Germany bombed Great Britain Luftwaffe

Luftwaffe: Germany’s air force

1940 Italy invaded Egypt and Greece

1940 Hungary and Romania joined the Axis Powers Activity: Germany’s Successful years 1939-1941

By 1941, Nazi Germany and its allies As leader, he created numerous groups had been wildly successful. Hitler had and strategies to help himself stay in taken control of more than ten power and to lead Germany to different countries, and nothing greatness. Amongst these groups and seemed capable of stopping him. strategies were: - SA (Sturmabteilung) How did he have so much success? - SS (Schutzstaffel) - Gestapo - The Hitler Youth - Non-aggression pact with the Soviets - Blitzkrieg - Luftwaffe But which was the most effective group/strategy?

As a team of four, conduct research on the topic you’re assigned and write a compelling argument convincing others that your group or strategy was the most effective. 1: SA (Sturmabteilung) 2: SS (Schutzstaffel) 3: Gestapo 4: The Hitler Youth 5: Non-Aggression Pact with the Soviets 6: Blitzkrieg 7: Luftwaffe Step 1: Pre-write

Write everything you know about your assigned topic. Step 2: Research and Write

Conduct research with your team and answer the following guiding questions to help you structure your argument. - Two laptops per group 1. Define your group/strategy. - Anyone not on a laptop writes the answers to the questions 2. How did Hitler use your group/strategy? - Everyone writes the paragraph(s) 3. What did the German people think of your group/strategy?

4. In what ways did your group/strategy help Hitler succeed?

5. Explain 3 effects your group/strategy had on Germany, the Allied Powers, and/or the war.

6. Without this group/strategy, what do you think would have happened?

With your research, write a 1-2 paragraph argument explaining why your group/strategy was the most effective. *Everyone on your team must write this! Step 3: Share

Join a small group with representatives from the other topics and share your 1-2 paragraphs. As the others share, fill in your chart for each topic. Step 4: Debate

As a class, debate the seven groups and strategies the Nazis used, trying to convince your classmates your group or strategy was the most effective. Step 5: Vote

Vote for the group or strategy (other than your own!!) you believe was the most effective. Write 1 paragraph explaining your vote. Nazi Germany