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Introduction Introduction For the process of learning languages or a specific language, it is very important that the learners should concentrate more and more on language varieties such as; dialect, accent, idiolect, the way of pronunciation, using grammar and the other varieties parts of that language. Knowing of varieties help learners to go through the details of the other language in a very appropriate manner and way. When we want to see between the speakers of any language, there is variation in the way they use their language. This variation is demonstrated by linguistic differences in terms of sound (phonetics) and structure (grammar). There might be only slight variations between forms of a language – such as minor pronunciations of words or a slight changes of grammatical structure that do not inhibit intergroup communication. Sometimes there are differences between the speech of men and women, different social classes, and differences between age groups. People will identify some of these features as marking the "best" or most "beautiful" form of the language, other features will be considered nonstandard or undesirable. Some of these differences may impede intelligibility and intergroup communication. The study of language variation guides language development activities. For example, when developing a writing system it is desirable for it to be useful and acceptable to the largest number of speakers of the language. Therefore, it is important to identify the most unifying features of the language. Natural languages exhibit a tremendous amount of variation. This variation manifests itself in all aspects of the structure of languages, in the ways languages convey meaning, and in the ways they are used. Any adult confronted with an unfamiliar language will have great difficulty in acquiring that language, let alone understand its structure. Yet any infant anywhere in the world, irrespective of its genetic descent, will learn the language it is exposed to without even being aware of its structure. The human language faculty is tremendously flexible, and accepts a whole array of systems. However, this enormous variety, languages show a remarkable degree of similarity, which takes the form of a set of constraints on linguistic variation. Together this set of constraints defines the Language Blueprint: the basic layout of any system of human communication. The search for this blueprint is the major task of linguistics, which thus provides window on the human mind. Finding the blueprint is also a major prerequisite for practical applications such as improving language 1 teaching, knowledge base construction, language therapy, and speech recognition. These applications crucially hinge on knowledge of language systems. The problem of accounting for the acquisition of language can be decomposed into two smaller problems: how to account for what is universal in language development and how to account for what is variable. We have seen a number of elegant and detailed accounts of universal processes in language learning. But these models have not yet taken seriously the existence of two significant aspects of variation in the learning process. However, Variation across natural languages and variation between individual learners within a particular language. In this paper tried to discuss a model of language learning that has attempted to deal with the first type of variation of language and how variation effects on language learning process. We then indicate how this model will have to be elaborated in order to deal with the second form of variation, i.e. variation between individual learners. The development of a detailed mechanistic account for variation if particularly important for those who are interested in biologically – based theory of language learning. By looking at variation, we are addressing a fundamental issue in the biological sciences, the plasticity of developing systems. How many different forms can a biological system take under normal and abnormal conditions? Similarly, if we deeply consider within any language in the globe, we come up with varieties of any language, this variety help learners to be aware of social, cultural and environmental aspects of that language and learn language more fundamentally and commonly. 2 Problem statement While researching on any title, there are some problems that a researcher for sure encountered with, but in situation like Bamyan has its own problems. In this research I face with the below problems which hinted briefly: Lack of enough essential resources, Deficiency of experts in the realm of the researched title, Lack of internet facility, and time limitation due to mass of classes at university. 3 Research objectives It is clear for any kind of research, there will be various aims which is following by researcher during implementation of his / her research and they always focusing on specific aims which is created as problems solving and the researcher is trying to collect the data, analyze and finding the data as problems which is created and selected through research planning. Here, in the present research, the researcher tried to follow the below points as the main of the research: To find the roles and positions of language variation in language learning; To understand the variations of language clearly; To show some profitable ways for better learning; To understand the structures of language variations; To know the terminology of social, economical, gender and ethnical factors on language variation. 4 Main objectives The main objective of present research is to show the purpose of language variation on learners and inform them to consider and be aware of: The language structures such as phonetics, phonology, morphology and syntax To know the influences of gender variation while learning language To show the position of variation of language like dialect, accent, idiolect and others To understand the various elements of language To clarify the social behaviors while learning language 5 Sub – objectives Sub – objective of the research focuses on the explanation of terminology of language variation, for instance: The importance of phonetics segments such as, the role of vowels, consonant and diphthongs for language learners with clear explanation and examples The position and main features of phonology namely what is phone, allophone and phoneme while learning language To show the diversity of dialect, accent, idiolect, jargon, social factors from language and given many example with brief illustration on the influences of language learners To show the role of genders – man and woman as social factors while learning language 6 Research questions The researcher is trying to find out suitable answers for the following propounded questions: How to know the role of language variations on language learning? What are the terms of language variations? Why variation factors are more useful for learning language? How to start learning language based on variations? Who are our language learners? When and how are they exposed to language variations? 7 Main questions The research paper focuses is to reveal the variation of language for the learners and tried to figure out the suitable responses for the below questions: What are the position of language variation for the language learners? What are the elements of variation of language? How to figure out the role of language variation for better learning? How to begin and from which levels the learners should start? How to learn the language variation and apply for the learners? What are the key points in language variation that language learners should be aware of that? 8 Sub – questions Under sub – questions of the research, the present study is tried to find and point out the key questions which are relevant to the given topic. The below questions proposed: What are the influences of dialect, accent, idiolect and others variations on language learners? How the linguistics level (phonetics, phonology, morphology and syntax) help learners to learn language suitably? What are the term of variations and how the term is applicable for language learners? How to start language learning through variation of language? What are the social effects on learning language? Which points are the most flexible points in language variation for the learners? 9 Literature review By the late twentieth century, studies undertaken into urban dialectology by linguists such as Labov and Trudgill were challenged by work undertaken by the Milroys (Milroy, L. 1987; Milroy, J. 1992). They took issue with the notion of the linguistic variable and variation theory in general. A study undertaken in Belfast led to the conclusion that the relationship between linguistic and social structures is not necessarily best examined by an exclusive exploration of social variables such as age and class. Instead, they based their research upon the notion of social networks. Rather than grouping speakers into predetermined categories such as social class, the social network situates an individual within the sum of his or her relationships, both formal and informal; with other people, such as family, friends, work colleagues; neighborhood and relations based upon ethnicity. They found that particular kinds of networks will either inhibit or advance linguistic variation in a community. Furthermore, men in the Ballymacarett district of Belfast who worked in local shipyard with dense social networks bound by strong ties were more likely to enforce
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