Iran's Troubled Modernity Ali Mirsepassi Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47639-3 — Iran's Troubled Modernity Ali Mirsepassi Index More Information

Index

Abedini, Reza 182 Aryamehr Technical University 62 Abolghasemi, Mohsen 220 Aryanpur, Amir Hossein 61–62, Abuzar 196 123–24 acquired knowledge 135–36 Ashraf, Ahmad 112 Across and Beyond Time. See In Su va Ashuri, Daryush 33, 108, 197, 214, An Su-ye Zaman 220, 233, 291–92 Adabestan monthly 285 asma 170, 234–35 Adineh magazine 285 Assembly of Experts for Constitution aesthetic history, of modernism 9 229–31 Afshar, Iraj 31 authenticity Afshar-Naderi, Nader 122 Islamist discourses of 16–17 Aghasoltan, Neda 303 quest for 15–18 Al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din 164 authoritarianism 17 Al-e Ahmad, Jalal 14, 17–18, 155 autocracy 256 Fardid and 92, 109, 127, 193, 197, A’vani, Gholam Reza 64 225 avant-garde culture, Iranian 5 at Keyhan 82 Avini, Morteza 86, 210, 240, 285, 288, on Westoxication 28, 76, 120, 175 295–96 Westoxication by 28, 75, 109, 186 Ayandegan 147 Ahriman 148 Ayneyeh Jadu (Avini) 285 Ahuramazda 148 Azghadi, Hassan Rahimpur 217 Akhavan Sales, Mahdi 136 Azizi, Ahmad 307 alfaz 171 Allah-Karam, Hossein 299–300 Babism 232–33 Amini, Ali 28 Badwai, Abdel Rahman 277 Aminpur, Gheysar 287 Bagha’i Kermani, Mozaffar 35, 270 Amirshahi, Mahshid 228 Baha’i Faith 12, 140–41, 232–33 Amoli, Sayyed Heydar 115, 311–12 Bahar, Mohammad Taghi 78 angst 39 Baheri, Mohammad 33, 138 Anjoman-e Hekmat 222 Bakhtiar, Shapur 306–7 Ansar-e Hezbollah 299 Barahani, Reza 243, 272 anti-Americanism, of Fardid 226 basijis 236 anti-colonialism 79, 80, 204 Battle of Sefﬁn 186–87 anti-Jewish sentiment, of Fardid 81–82, Bayani, Khanbaba 31 233. See also Nazism Bazargan, Mahdi 35, 93, 94, 175–76 anti-modernity 3, 7, 49, 51, 125 Beheshti, Mohammad (Ayatollah) anti-Western ideologies 84, 87, 156 196–97 Arabic language 58–59, 220 Behnam, Jamshid 122 Arani, Taghi 79 Behnud, Mas’ud 146 Aryamehr 206 Behrangi, Samud 231–32

361

362 Index

Being and Time. See Sein und Zeit Damghani, Ahmad Mahdavi 115 (Heidegger) Damghani, Ali Mo’allem 270 Bergson, Henri 16, 199, 203, 204 Dante 144 Berman, Marshal 10 Daryabandari, Najaf 268 biologism 211–12 Dasein 48 blasphemy 243 Davar, Ali Akbar 78 The Blind Owl (Hedayat) 6–7, 14, 24 Davari Ardakani, Reza 43, 110, 111, Bonyad magazine 151–52, 154–55 245 Bustan, Bahman 243 Contemporary Iranian Philosophy by 44 Café Ferdowsi 126, 250 Fardid and 43–45, 88, 104, 178, Café Naderi 126 180–81, 285, 292 capitalism 168, 194 Poets at the Time of Distress by 286 Carter, Jimmy 185 at Supreme Council of Cultural the Chain Murders 173, 209–10, 293 Revolution 117, 176 cinema 240, 297 Dehkoda, Ali Akbar 78 civil society 4–5 democracy 16, 255, 256 colonialism 77 Department of Law 278 Comte, Auguste 71 Derakhshesh, Mohammad 28 conspiracy theories 233 Devotees of Islam 106–7 Constitutional Revolution, Iranian Dialogue among Civilizations 221 11–12, 13, 48–49, 78, 131, 202 Didar-e Farrahi va Fotuhat-e Akhar al- Constitutionalism 256–57 Zaman (Fardid) 159 Contemporary Iranian Philosophy Dinani, Gholam Hossein Ebrahimi 175 (Davari) 44 discussion, philosophy through 189–90 Corbin, Henry 24, 38, 52, 157 Divine Comedy (Dante) 144 on Eastern philosophy 204–5 dogmas, Fardid defending 310 on esotericism 206 Donya-ye Sokhan magazine 285 Fardid and 70–71, 83, 133, 134 dotar 290 cursing 274 Dustdar, Aramesh 32 Heidegger and 70–71, 198 in Iran 204–6 Eastern philosophy 91–92, 204–5 intellectual dispute 58 Eastern spirituality 3, 83, 85–86, 96–97 relationship 233–34 education reform movement 59 on translations 55, 63–64, 266 elitism Heidegger and 64, 70–71, 206, in Heidegger 320 313–14 modernism and 9 History of Islamic Philosophy mysticism and 320 by 314 ‘elm-e osul 171–72 on Islamic philosophy 24n15 Emami, Sa’id 36 on mysticism 313 Enayat, Hamid 98, 255 on Sohrawardi 313–14 end of history 301 teaching 57 engelhab 89 Council for the Goals of Iranian the Enlightenment 77–79, 256 Education 28 Erfan (Persian mysticism) 3 Council of Experts 261, 262–63 Ershad, Hosseinieh 305 counter-Enlightenment 3, 5–6, 15 Esfandiari, Ali 119 Cultural Council 200–1 esotericism 206, 314 cultural invasion 219 etymology 132–33, 169–70, 178, 220, Cultural Revolution 224 249–50, 288

Index 363

Europe 81, 156–57, 165, 173, 201–2, “From Corbin to Heidegger” by 81 265–66 “From Kant to Heidegger” by 165, European colonialism 77 197–98 European ideology 77 in Germany 168–69, 172–73 grandiosity of 93 Fada’iyan-e Eslam (Devotees of Islam) in Heidelberg 26–27, 166 35–36, 106–7 house of 158–59 Falaturi, Abdoljavad 222, 305 ideology, lacking in 108 Farazman, Turaj 142 imaginative nostalgic thinking 283 Fardid, Ahmad 3–4. See also Corbin, at Imperial Iranian Academy of Henry; Hafez; Heidegger, Philosophy 64–65 Martin; Islamic Revolution of influence of 174, 177, 183, 197, 1979; politics; Rastakhiz Party; 210–12, 301–3 Westoxication; specific topics insults by 278, 307–8, 310 anarchism of 291, 292 on intellect 175–76 anti-Americanism of 226 on interpretation 226–27 anti-Jewish sentiment of 81–82, 233 interview, in Rastakhiz 149 as apocalyptic 143–44 on intuitive knowledge 135–36 Arabic proficiency of 58–59 in Iranian philosophical history 322 art students and 182–83 Islamic Republic and 191, 192, 193 attraction to 226 journals influenced by 209–10 avant-garde culture and 5 lacking coherence 134 as child of two paths 165 lectures of 34, 39–40, 41–42, 103, in civil society 4–5 116, 118–19, 159–61, 223–25, classes of 124–25, 223–24, 225–26 242–43, 272, 278, 279, 304–5, collaborating on books 40 307, 315 conjoining Eastern, Western library of 180, 277 philosophy 91–92 as “the Master,”16, 17–18 connection to Iran 250 memories of 114–15 contributions of, as Iranian methodology of 281 philosopher 105 misinterpretation of 212 for Council of Experts 261, 262–63 as monarchist 61–62 critical mind of 120–21, 122 as oral philosopher 37–42, 131, 145, cursing people 291–92 197 debates of 33, 147–48, 185 in Paris 24–26 at Department of Law 278 for Parliament 262–63 devotees of 42–46 as performer 85, 150–51 Didar-e Farrahi va Fotuhat-e Akhar personal life of 67, 141 al-Zaman by 159 personality of 100, 150 dissertation of 165–66 on philosophy, as a manner of early life of 21–24 thinking 162 education of 23, 24–27, 67 Philosophy Lexicon and 28–29 in Europe 81, 165, 201–2, 265–66 on poetry 291, 302–3 everyday life of 260 as professor 60–61 false reputation of 315 publications by 37–38, 42 familiarity with the Old and the New public talks of 180–82 171–72 revolutionary Muslim youths and 86 family life of 73, 75, 87, 154, 178–79 slandering people 119–20, 123, 127 Farsi and 153 smoking 179 female students and 123 on social transformations 195

364 Index

Fardid, Ahmad (cont.) “From Kant to Heidegger” (Fardid) as solitary man 243, 256 165, 197–98 speeches by 59, 76, 309 Front Generation 16 spiritual politics of 5 on status quo 235–36 Gandillac, Maurice 25–26 students of 106–7, 176, 216–18, The Gay Science (Nietzsche) 74 245–46, 262, 280, 288–90, 304, Genealogy of Morals (Nietzsche) 95 309–10, 315 The Genesis of Humanities (Naraghi) taped discussions of 274–75 197 in Tehran 23–24, 27–34 German language 74–75, 101–2, at Tehran University 121–22, 138, 165–66, 199–200, 266 268 German Rightwing romanticism 12 on television 40–41, 137, 138, Germany 168–69, 172–73 142–43, 144–51, 155, 159–60, Ghaderi, Iraj 300 227–28, 246 Ghanun newspaper 164 temperament of 68–69, 92–93, 113, al-Gharani, Owais 265 221–23, 290–91, 306–7, 308–9 Gharbzadegi 3, 17–18, 26–27. See also time and 163–65 Westoxication as translator 74–75 Ghods newspaper 286 at universities 315–16 Ghotbi, Reza 150 vision of human history 15–16 Ghuchani, Mohammad 221 writing 56–57, 60, 68–69, 75, 132, Golestan, Kaveh 235 244 Golpur, Reza 297 in Yazd 22 Golshan, Abdolhamid 134 the Fardid sessions 98–101, 105, Golsorkhi, Khosro 174 108–10, 188, 189–90, 268 Gorgin, Iraj 142 Fardidian, intellectual movement 236, Greek philosophy 129–30 281–82, 299, 300–1, 322–23 Green Movement 303 Fardidiyeh sessions 112–13, 158–59, guardianship 183–84, 187. See also 161–62, 183 velayat Fardidnameh 22 Gurvitch, George 198 Faridzadeh, Mohammad Javad 186, 193 Habibi, Hassan 232 Farrokhzad, Forugh 179 Habibi, Najafgholi 181–82 Farsi language 153, 266 Haddad Adel, Gholam-Ali 117–18 fascism 26, 125, 144, 302 Hadith 226–27 ﬁtrat 275, 279–80 Hafez 102, 112–13, 133, 239 Foroughi, Mohammad Ali 79, 111, Fardid on 144, 155, 227, 251, 312 119, 198, 200 Heidegger and 99, 101 Foruhar, Daryush 175 on Quran 275 Foruzanfar, Badi’ al-Zaman 121 on truth 251 Foucault, Michel 3, 129 al-Hallaj, Hossain bin Mansur 135 France 198–99. See also French Hallajian intuitive mysticism 205 language Hanifnejad, Mohammad 166 freedom, Heidegger on 243 Harati, Salman 287 Freemasons 125, 232 Hashemi, Mansur 265 French language 74, 101–2, 199, 266 Hatamikia, Ebrahim 297 French Revolution 77, 191 Havalat-e Tarikhi (historical “From Corbin to Heidegger” (Fardid) predestination) 48, 50, 304–5 81

Index 365

He Begged the Stranger for That Which on ontology 16, 320–21 He Already Had (Naraghi) Popper and 164–65 47–48 on Sartre 82 Hebrew language 220 on science 88–89 Hedayat, Sadegh 6–7, 14, 24, 68, 120, on technik 50 123, 126–27, 199 on technology 192 Heidegger, Martin 57–58, 191. See also translations of 245 “From Corbin to Heidegger” What is Called Thinking? 168–69 (Fardid) Heideggerian counter-Enlightenment 3 Corbin and 64, 70–71, 206, 313–14 Heideggerian tradition 4 crisis and 167–68 Heidelberg 26–27, 166 Eastern philosophy and 92 Hekmat-e Onsi (Ma’aref) 289–90 elitism in 320 hekmat onsi 218 Fardid and 8–9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 110 hekmat-e zowghi 168 Corbin and 70–71, 198 Hemmat, Mohammad Ebrahim 297 in dialogue 251 hermeneutics 218–19 Europe 201 historical predestination 48, 50, 132, in Farsi 266 304–5 in French 199 history. See also intellectual history, in German 199–200 Iranian history 164–65 aesthetic 9–10 inﬂuence of 322 end of 301 interpretation 199–200 Fardid in 15–16, 164–65, 322 introduction to 267–68 movements in 190–91 in Iran 110–12, 244–45 philosophy of 252 Mahdavi on 56 History of Islamic Philosophy (Corbin) meeting 166, 265–66 314 misinterpretation 211–13 Homayun, Daryush 147 Nazism 144, 230 homosexuality 123 philosophy of history 252 Hoveyda, Amir Abbas 33 politics 104–5, 211 Human, Mahmud 91 relationship 46 humanism 16, 170–71, 215 seeking truth 264 humanities 217 on Sein und Zeit 101, 105 Husserl, Edmund 198 in Sokhan 267 teaching 200 Ibn Arabi, Mohioddin 83, 235, 311–12 translating 73–74 Ibn Khaldun 204 on wayfaring 244 Ibn Sina 132 on the West 247 Imperial Iranian Academy of Westoxication and 247–48, 251 Philosophy 64–65 in France 198–99 inauthenticity, of civil society 4 on freedom 243 Indo-European languages 169 Hafez and 99, 101 In Su va An Su-ye Zaman 33, 142, against humanism 215 243–44 Islamic philosophy and 70–71 intellectual history, Iranian 6–7, 11, on die Keher 137–38 76–79 on language 213–14 intellectualism 78, 89 Letter on Humanism by 244 intellectuals 79, 228–29, 251–52, mysticism and 321 269–70, 293–94, 297–98, Nazism and 65, 139, 191–92, 230 310–11

366 Index

An Introduction to Spiritual Philosophy on velayat 183–84 40 Western crisis and 167 intuitive knowledge 135–36 Islamism 17, 27, 106, 146 The Intuitive Philosophy (Hek’t-e Onsi) Islamist discourses, of authenticity (Ma’aref) 85 16–17 Iqbal, Muhammad 16 Isma’ili 125–26 Iran. See also Constitutional Ismailism 314 Revolution, Iranian; speciﬁc topics Jahad-e Daneshgahi 224 avant-garde culture of 5 Jahanbeglu, Amir Hossein 62–63, 85 intellectual history of 6–7, 11, 76–79 Jalili, Abolhassan 76, 98, 99, 112, 117, Islam in 50–51 120 left of 13–15, 138–39, 167 Jalili, Vahid 284–85 modernity 6, 7–13 Jama 160 typhus epidemic 173 Jamalzadeh, Mohammad Ali 107 Iran Zamin 217 Jami 311 Iranian Shi’ism 13, 16 Javadi Amoli, Abdollah (Ayatollah) Islam 231 esotericism and 314 Jazani, Bijan 173–74, 205 Fardid and 144, 279–80, 311 Jomhuri-ye Eslami newspaper 296 Iranian 50–51 Jozani, Mas’ud Jafari 45 jurisprudence in 314, 319–20 Jozi, Mohammad Reza 116 Mosta’an on 50–52 Jungle Movement 203 mysticism and 94, 313 jurisprudence, Islamic 314, 319–20 spirituality and 313 theological debates in 186–87 Kachu’ian, Hossein 216, 217–18 Islamic Association of Students 179, Kalam 165 180, 181 Kant, Immanuel 191 Islamic movement 167 Kardan, Mohammad Ali 28 Islamic philosophy 24n15, 58, 70–71, Kashani, Afzal ad-Din 69, 131 165 Kasravi 202 Islamic Republic 66, 191, 192, 193, Kaveh 125 297, 316 die Keher 137–38 Islamic Republic Party 231 Keyhan newspaper 41–42, 46, 230 Islamic Revolution of 1979 12–13, 34, Al-e Ahmad at 82 89. See also Khomeini Chain Murders and 293 (Ayatollah) Fardid and 230, 270, 273, 276–77 Fardid and 103, 140–41, 145–46, Khatami at 230 173, 240, 249 Nasiri at 107 candidacy after 229–30 Khalkhali, Sadegh 35–36 hope of 248 Khan, Mirza Malkam 164 inﬂuence 208–9, 295, 321–22 Khanlari, Parviz Natel 38, 75, 199 Islamic faith 248–49 Khatami, Mohammad 230, 282–83, monarchism 61–62 294 philosophy after 323–24 Khawnsari, Mohammad 116 revolutionary Muslim youth 86, Khomeini (Ayatollah) 34 105 arrest of 186 revolutionary violence after 310 on crisis in humanities 217 students after 269–70, 271 as deputy of the Imam 139 transformation after 294 Fardid and 34, 276, 278

Index 367

on velayat Faqih 228 Marx, Karl 213 on the West 283 Marxism 14, 61–62, 139–40, 163, 168, Khomeini (Imam) 186, 237–38, 284 254, 256 Khorasani, Mahmud Shahabi 65 Marxism-Leninism 78, 79, 83–84, 90, Khorasani, Mohammad Kazem 238 96 Khorramshahi, Baha’odin 82 Mashad University 59–60 Khosropanah, Abdolhossein 64 Masha’i 163 Khosrow, Nasir 125–26 Mashregh magazine 210, 300–1 Khu’i, Abbas Zaryab 103 Mashruteh movement 11–12, 13, 14, Kianuri, Nureddin 80 27 Kierkegaard, Soren 47 Masjed-Jame’i, Ahmad 180 Kitab al-Masha’ir (Sadra) 70–71 Masnavi (Rumi) 218, 311 Klibansky, Raymond 65 Massignon, Louis 204–5 knowledge, two kinds of 239 Maybodi 217 Mehr magazine 197–98 language, Fardid on 169–71, 213–14, Mehrju’i, Daryush 84 220, 239. See also etymology; MEK. See Mojahedin-e Khalgh Farsi language; French language; memory 114–15 German language; Hebrew Mesbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taghi language; Indo-European (Ayatollah) 282, 316–19 languages; Persian language; Meskub, Shahrokh 85, 99, 102 Semitic languages messianic politics 12–13 Larijani, Ali 86 metaphysics 244 Le Bon, Gustave 38, 203 methodology 281 Left, Iranian 13–15, 138–39, 167 Meybodi, Ali Reza 243–44 Leftist ideology 82, 166, 226. See also Minovi, Mojtaba 69, 126 Marxism Mirfattah, Seyyed Ali 216, 284 Leninism 89. See also Marxism- Mirsepassi, Ali 3 Leninism Mirshakkak, Yusef Ali 36–37, 236–37, Letter on Humanism (Heidegger) 244 288–89 liberalism 106, 255, 256, 259 Mirza, Iraj 128 Liberation Movement 267 modernism. See also anti-modernity literary modernism 203–4 aesthetic history of 9–10 elitism and 9 Ma’aghul 162 Fardid on 10, 130, 194 Ma’aref, Seyyed Abbas 45–46, 85, of Iranian Left 13–15 289–90 literary 203–4 Madadpur, Mohammad 41, 93, 125, modernity 17. See also anti-modernity; 217–18, 219, 240, 287 post-modernity Madreseh quarterly 302 Gandillac on 25–26 Mahdavi, Yahya 29, 40, 55–56, 117 global perspective on 167–68 Fardid and 65, 66–67, 69–70 Iranian 6, 7–13 on Heidegger 56 messianic politics in 12–13 Sadighi and 71 Mosta’an on 50 Maleki, Khalil 80 phases of 7 “Mammad you were not here to see” Western 7, 8 (song) 298 Mohajerani, Ata’ollah 224 Manghul 162 Mojahedin 90 Marcel, Gabriel 102 Mojahedin-e Khalgh (MEK) 66, 103 Marja’-e Taghlid 299–300 Mojtabavi, Jalal al-Din 57

368 Index

Mojtahedi, Karim 32 He Begged the Stranger for That monarchism 61–62. See also Royalism Which He Already Had by monavarolfekrhi 49 47–48 Monavvarolfekri 77. See also the on political supporters, of Fardid 36 Enlightenment “What the self Already Had” by 142 Monshizadeh, Davud 80 Nasiri, Mahdi 107, 293, 295, 298, 300 Montezari (Ayatollah) 35 Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 29, 243, 257–58 Mortazavi, Badri 27 on cultural invasion 219 Mosaddegh, Mohammad 14–15, 25, at Tehran University 29n37, 29–31, 79–80, 140, 214–15, 267 55n1, 55, 115–16 Mosta’an, Mahtab 117–18 A Young Muslim’s Guide to the on Constitutional Revolution 48–49 Modern World by 234 on East–West relations 48–49 on Zurvan 148 Fardid and 46–52, 122–23 National Front 14 on Islam 50–52 National Iranian Radio and Television on Kierkegaard 47 150 on modernity 50 nationalism, of Mosaddegh 79–80 on Westoxication 49–50 nation-making 5 Motahhari, Morteza 63, 174, 243, 311 nativism 5–7, 16 Motamed Arya, Fatemeh 298 Nazism 80 movements, in history 190–91 Fardid and 81, 139–40, 144 Mughef 74, 161 Heidegger and 65, 139, 191–92, 230 Musavi, Mir-Hossein 273 nemudshenasi (phenomenology) 91 Musavi, Seyyed Javad 216 neo-Nazis 80 Muslim youth, revolutionary 86, 91, New Poetry 130, 179 105 Nietzsche, Friedrich 252 mysticism 16, 17, 102, 138. See also on death, of God 165 hekmat onsi Fardid and 8–9, 74 Corbin on 313 interpretation of 212, 213 elitism and 320 on ressentiment 95 Erfan 3 Nikpey, Gholam Reza 147 Gandillac on 26 Nourai, Hasan Shahid 127 Hallajian intuitive 205 Nura’i, Shahid 199 Heidegger and 321 Nuri, Sheykh Fazlollah 164 Islam and 94, 313 Nushin, Abdolhossein 82 poetry and 310 practical 312 Oil Nationalization Movement 203 of Rumi 218, 320 ontology, Heideggerian 16, 320–21 Shi’ism and 169 open society 253, 254 theoretical 310 oral philosophy, of Fardid 37–42, 131, 145, 197 Nakhshab, Mohammad 203 Oxford 129 Nameh Farhang 288 Nameh-e Amuzesh va Parvaresh Pahlavi regime 6–7, 17, 28–29, 137 23–24 Parham, Bagher 73, 74 Naraghi, Ehsan 33, 40, 49, Paris 24–26 76, 137 Parizi, Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Fardid and 66, 137, 143, 148 151 The Genesis of Humanities by 197 Parliament 262–63 Ghotbi and 150 Parsinejad, Iraj 75

Index 369

pastoralism 10–11 Purjavadi, Nasrollah 74 performance, of philosophy 221–23 Puyan, Amir Parviz 84 Persian language 69, 131–32 perspective 239 Qur’an 87, 153, 170, 246–47, pharaohism 247–48 275, 305 phenomenology 91, 111, 198 philosopher, power of 276, 278 Rab’eh group 126 philosophy. See also speciﬁc topics Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar Hashemi 297 through discussion 189–90 Rahimi, Mostafa 228 Eastern 91–92, 204–5 Rahmani, Nosrat 156 Greek 129–30 Ra’in, Ismail 232 history of 187 Rajabi, Mohammad 216, 229 Islamic 24n15, 58, 70–71, 165 Rajavi, Mas’ud 205 magazines 322 Ramin, Mohammad Ali 297 as manner of thinking 162 Rasekh, Shapur 28, 122 oral 37–42, 131, 145, 197 Rastakhiz magazine 149, 197 performance and 221–23 Rastakhiz party Persian language and 69, 131–32 creation of 138, 234 Shahanshahi 87 Fardid and 184–85, 206–8, 230, 231, types of 188–89 268–69, 292–93 Western 55–56, 91–92 on Iranian identity 174 Philosophy Lexicon 28–29 the Shah and 87n27, 87 Plato 187 rational-liberal thought 77–78 poetry 291, 302–3. See also Hafez; religion. See also Islam Rumi anti-modernist embrace of 51 Poets at the Time of Distress (Davari) Fardid and 143, 153–54 286 religious ideologies 52 political activities, of Fardid 34–37, ressentiment 95–96 86–87 Return to the Self 207, 211 political discourse, of Fardid 136–37, revolution 89–91, 176. See also Islamic 152, 184 Revolution of 1979; Muslim politics youth, revolutionary arguments about, at Fardid Sessions revolutionary violence 310 108–9 Reza, Enayatollah 59, 60 Fardid and 36, 213, 259, 260–61, Reza, Fazlollah 29 262 Rikhtegaran, Mohammad Reza 161 of Gharbzadegi 17–18 romanticism 314 of Heidegger 104–5, 211 of Fardid 10–11, 12 messianic 12–13 German Rightwing 12 of spirituality 3, 5, 15–16 nativism and 16 Popper, Karl 82, 164–65, 235–36, 253, Roya’i, Yadollah 157 254, 308 Royal Academy 64–65 positivism 71 royalism 87 post-modernity 163–64, 195 Ruhi Afnan, Mohsen 130 post-World War II era 78–79, 172–73 Rumi 218, 311, 320 power. See also politics Ruzbehan Baghli, Abu Mohammad Fardid and 136–38 Sheikh 135 of philosopher 276, 278 practical mysticism 312 Sadeghi, Habibollah 286 Purhosseini, Abolghasem 57 Sa’di 137

370 Index

Sadighi, Gholam Hossein 31, 69–70, Shiraz University 59–60 117, 259–60 Soheil Afnan, Mohsen 129 Fardid and 72, 122, 242 Siasi, Ali Akbar 27, 56–57 Mahdavi and 71 Sobh magazine 236, 296–98, 299–300 Sadiq, Isa 121 social transformations 195 Sadra, Molla 58, 70–71, 163, 280, 281 socialism 168, 205 Sadra’i 162–63 Socrates 235, 236 Sadri, Mahmud 43 Sohrawardi, Shihab al-Din 55, 141, Sa’edi, Gholam-Hosain 130–31 206, 313–14 Safa, Zabihollah 38 Sokhan Monthly 24, 244, 266, 267 Safavid dynasty 186 Sorbonne University 24–26, 134 Saffarzadeh, Tahereh 179 Sorush, Abdolkarim 196–97, 208–9, Sajjadi, Seyyed Ziyaoddin 121, 143 254, 274, 292, 321 Sartre, Jean-Paul 58, 82 spiritual politics 3, 5, 15–16 SAVAK 258 spirituality 51, 313. See also Eastern Sazeman-e Cheriki-ye Fada’iyan Khalq spirituality; mysticism (the Devotees of People Guerrilla status quo 235–36 Organization) 138 Subaltern School 10 science 88–89 Suﬁsm 16, 91, 135, 186 scientiﬁc/technical thought 50 Sumka party 80 Sein und Zeit (Heidegger) 101, 105 Sunnis 186–87 self. See Return to the Self the Superman 320 Semitic languages 169 Supreme Council of Cultural Semsar, Mehdi 149 Revolution 176 Shabestari, Mahmud 226 Supreme Leader 263–64 Shademan, Fakhr al-Din 203 Sureh magazine 177, 217, 236, 284, Shah, Reza 13–14, 17, 33, 78, 206 285–87 the Shah 72, 89, 197, 206, 258–59. See also Rastakhiz party Tabari, Ehsan 174 Shahanshahi philosophy 87 Tabatabai, Mohammad Mohit 23–24 Shahbaz, Hassan 143 Tabataba’i, Mohammad Hossein 63 Shahcheraghi, Seyyed Hassan 273 Tabataba’i, Seyyed Javad 224 Shahidi, Seyyed Jafar 59 Taghizadeh, Seyyed Hassan 27, 119, Shahrvand magazine 227 125–26 Shamlu, Ahmad 149 taghut 271 Shargh newspaper 221 Talebzadeh, Nader 297 Sharia 241 Tamasha 40, 41, 47–48 Shari’ati, Ali 51, 196, 207, 240–41, 274 Taraghi, Goli 84 Shari’ati, Ehsan 196 Teacher’s Association 318–19 Shari’atmadari, Hossein 249 technik 50 Shayanfar, Hasan 299 technology 50, 192, 195 Shaygan, Daryush 30, 56, 99, 102, 197, technology of death 255–56 289, 310–11 Tehran, Iran 23–24, 27–34 Shaykhi School 12 Tehran University 29n37, 29–31, 55n1, Shi’a Ulama 12 55, 115–16, 121–22, 138 Shi’ism 186–87 Teymurtash, Abdolhossein 78 Iranian 13, 16 Theist Socialists 203 Ismailism and 314 theoretical mysticism 310 mysticism and 169 theosophy 55, 188–89, 193–94 Red vs Black 51 Third World 78, 89–90, 95–96

Index 371

time 163–65 Fardid on 7–8, 15, 67–68, 76, 131, Tohid Center 302 203 Tose’eh and Ebahe (Mirshakkak) the East and 280–81 236–37 Europe and 202 traditionalism 61, 162–63, 206 Germany and 172 Transnationalism in Iranian Political Heidegger and 247–48, 251 Thought (Mirsepassi) 3 as worldwide 194–95 truth 251, 264, 321 Iranian intellectuals on 251–52 Tudeh Party 13, 14, 80, 81, 82 Marxism-Leninism and 83–84 Tusi, Nasir al-Din 132 Mosta’an on 49–50 tyranny of money 255, 256 opposition to liberal thought 94 Westoxication (Al-e Ahmad) 28, 75, unity 176–77 109, 186 universalism 312 What is Called Thinking? (Heidegger) 168–69 Vazirian, Ali 286 “What We Already Had” (Naraghi) velayat 183–84, 186, 187, 188, 228, 142 234, 238 White Revolution 33, 89 velayat Faqih 186, 188, 223, 228 Venner, Dominique 199 Yazd, Iran 22 Vidal, Gore 247 Yazdi, Ibrahim 238–39 violence 106, 139, 310, 319–20 A Young Muslim’s Guide to the Modern World (Nasr) 234 wayfaring 244 Yushij, Nima 130–31 websites, of conservative Islamists 146 the West 247, 313 Zad, Mohammad Reza 22, 37, 44 Western crisis 167, 247, 248 zalum jahul 170 Western modernity 7, 8. See also mod- Zarrinkub, Abd al-Hosain 121 ernism; modernity Zarshenas, Shahryar 216 Western philosophy 55–56, 91–92 Zaryab-Khu’i, Abbas 31, 121 Westoxication 3, 6, 301 Zionism 194 Al-e Ahmad on 28, 76, 120, 175 Zurvan 143, 148