VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 RO C K Y SPRING 1999 M O U N TA I N I N S T I T U T E N E W S L E T T E R

CITIZENS KANE A Town Sta r ts to Renew Its e l f

n any given day, logging trucks rum b l e ing both sides. Kane has all these conflicts, Oth r ough Kane, Pen n s y l va n i a ’s Vic t o r i a n but it is offering a new twist: hope. to wn center. It’s a little run d o wn, though still vibrant, with people on the street and store- THE CALM BEFORE THE STOR M fr onts filled with merchandise. The sur- People facing the decline of their livel i - rounding forest and clean air attract a grow- hood often look for someone to blame. ing market for tourism. The town has been High on the list are government, for limiting sp a r ed the assault of big-box retail and urban access to res o u r ces, and environ m e n t a l i s t s , sprawl, but it faces what is perhaps a grea t e r for bringing lawsuits that do the same. But th r eat: the decline of an industry that has Kane citizens are an independent lot. For the defined the local economy for more than a most part, people keep their opinions to ce n t u r y. th e m s e l v es and leave decisions up to those in The American Dream once th r i v ed in this community of less than 5,000 in north we s t e r n Pen n s y l v ania. Her e, for generations, families harvested abundant hem- lock and white pine from the sur- rounding Allegheny National Fore s t . When that crop was logged out be t w een 1870 and 1910, the town became famous for its black cherry, used primarily in high-end furni-

tu r e. Now, Kane and many other Michael Kinsley rural communities are facing the dark side of Co n t e n t s a dream founded on extraction: the inheren t charge. His t o r i c a l l y , townspeople haven ’t United We Sol v e 2 unsustainability of many res o u rc e - b a s e d seemed particularly interested in change and economies. What happens when the drea m ne w ideas—not a particularly ripe climate Utility Unp l u g g e d 4 st a r ts to fade? for Economic Ren e wal. Rainwater Red u x 5 But in early 1998, a few citizens heard She r man Oaks 7 A UNIVERSAL STOR Y that the Heinz End o wments would make Ar ound the World with RMI 8 The story of Kane encapsulates the RM I ’ s Economic Ren e wal Program (ER) thorny problems faced by hundreds of com- av ailable in the region. They requested ER, RMI Goes Aud i o 9 munities struggling with the jobs vs. en v i ro n - and RMI agreed. Sho r tly therea f t e r , all hell Escaping Spr a w l 11 ment debate: environmentalists plead for br oke loose. Institute Sup p o r ters 13 saving what’s left, harvesters defend jobs and rights, and scientists offer opinions support- Al s o : Y2K, Hyb ri d s , and More … (continued on next page) SPRING 1999 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER

(continued from page 1) UNITED WE SOLVE THE TIMBER DEBATE EXPLOD E S By L. Hunter Lovins, Exec u t i v e Dire c t o r Une x p e c t e d l y , the national timber debate flared in Kane when a reg i o n a l en v i r onmental organization appealed a The meeting also furth e r ed a new t RMI, we’ve never been ver y pro- ne a r b y federal timber sale. Not only wer e te c t i v e of our sandbox. When others ap p r oach I’m proposing, one that tries to A jobs seen as threatened, but over two mil- seem to have a good idea, we ask them to av oid pigeonholing problems. It has long come play. Our efforts in Corporate tr oubled me that RMI’s response to lion dollars in expected federal rev enues to Sus t a i n a b i l i t y , Economic Ren e wal, and inquiries is often determined by which local schools and government suddenly the Systems Group on For ests have been gatekeeper happens to get the call, or the ev aporated, since a federal rule allocates a successful expressions of that philosophy. ca l l e r ’s perception of the problem he or po r tion of timber sales to local gover n - And our approach to intellectual capital she needs solved. me n t . is the same: we put our And yet, common sense Ch a r a c t e r i s t i c a l l y , RMI hoped that the Hyp e r car res e a r ch into the tells us that narrowly defining co n t r oversy would offer a silver lining public realm rather than pr oblems isn’t smart. In any th r ough heightened interest in efforts to keeping it prop r i e t a ry — i t ’s discussion of such complex st r engthen the local economy. It may have, the quickest way to make issues as corporate strategy or but the angry local response to the legal things happen. en v i r onmental policy, the action also spawned distrust and ret re n c h - In keeping with that phi- outcome is best served by ment. Loggers wondered why a group like lo s o p h y , from time to time br oadening the inquiry. You RMI turned up (apparently) right after the the Institute will bring to- might call our new approa c h appeal. Was it some kind of conspiracy to gether leading thinkers to a “unified practice.” For want replace the timber economy with some- ad d r ess what we consider of a better name, that’s what thing else? pr essing issues. In 1994, for PERSPECTIVES we’re calling it in-house. RM I ’ s Michael Kinsley proceeded to example, we met with some This means that for open- train a small group of Kane citizens in the of the best minds then working on sus- ers, the RMI staff has to get better at Economic Ren e wal community planning ta i n a b i l i t y . We wanted to answer the wo r king together. We tried to encourage pr ocess. This core group included local this some years ago when we consolidat- question: “Will business be the best lever - teachers, small businesspeople, and three ed the res e a r ch department, but there’s a age point for change in the future? ” residents associated with wood-prod u c t s (“ Turning Ind u s t r y on its Hea d , ” human tendency to break things down businesses. Their goal was not to make or fall/winter 1994.) Dana Mea d o ws, Dav i d into digestible bites. Thus, our trans- Orr , Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins, and I po r tation division became the Hyp e rc a r guide community decisions, but to con- ag r eed it was. Ce n t e r , even though Hyp e r cars are clear- duct a series of meetings that would res u l t Our next question follows logically: ly only part of a larger solution. We also in several projects to strengthen the com- How do you go about changing busi- want our Hyp e r car guys to be able to munity and its economy. ness? To help answer that one, a small talk knowledgeably about Eco n o m i c After a few months spent mobilizing the wo r king group of organizations met re- Ren e wal, and vice-ver s a . public, the group held its first meeting in cently at RMI. Rep re s e n t a t i v es from Then we’ll have to broaden our net- Mar ch 1998. Th e r e, Kinsley pres e n t e d RMI; Int e r face Inc., the commerci a l - wo r k. RMI can’t (and doesn’t want to) practical examples of sustainable devel o p - interiors materials firm leading the next hold itself out as the sole solver of com- ment. Suspicious loggers asked him ques- industrial rev olution; One Wor l d plex problems. So we’ve begun holding tions intended to expose RMI’s supposed Learning, which is dedicated to crea t i n g discussions with organizations that do tr ee-hugging proclivities. Kinsley’s even - cultural change within business; and Th e things RMI doesn’t do—like manage- handedly empathic responses wer e inter- Natural Ste p , which has been cred i t e d ment consulting, for example. We’re pr eted by the few attending environ m e n t a l internationally with having laid some of de v eloping and expanding formal rel a - activists as support for the timber industry. the foundations of sustainability—all tionships with diverse allies through a They also incorrectly equated RMI’s col- br a v ed a snowstorm to explore ways we “vi r tual network” of experts . la b o r a t i v e planning process with efforts can support each other. Of course, it may turn out that a el s ew h e r e to decide national forest policy From that meeting came an agree m e n t cl i e n t ’s needs are basic, like a lighting locally—an approach, critics claim, that to collaborate. The first chance may be at analysis and ret r ofit. We’ll continue to do al l o ws timber companies to circu m ve n t an Int e r face factory in Atlanta, which has such work. But we’ll keep in mind the federal legislation and dupe locals. RMI in t e r connections, just in case the thread a committed to become the most sustain- found itself caught between a skidder and client asks us to pull happens to connect able facility in the company, maybe in a hard-up place, distrusted by both sides. the world. to the rest of the swea t e r . It usually does. (“ The Kane Mut i n y ,” Summer 1998.)

2= VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER SPRING 1999

Even as this newsletter goes to press, the ar e critical to jump-starting devel o p m e n t : sh a r ed goals too. Little by little, step by battle rages. Rec e n t l y , a critic of RMI’s high visibility, numerous parti c i p a n t s , st e p , the compatibility of seemingly con- wo r k in Kane sent out a letter to numerou s and quick completion. flicting objectives will be proven on the stakeholders claiming that the Institute is • Str eet enhancement. Ka n e ’s glory days are gr ound. conspiring with the Heinz End o wments to reflected in its historic Main Stre e t , log the Allegheny National For est. An though many historic façades are crum - IT ’S ALL IN THE PROC E S S activist who has long fought for the prot e c - bling or obscured by ’50s-era plastic and The most hopeful signs in Kane come tion of the For est wrote RMI concerned plywood. Using a For est Ser vice grant, not from these tangible projects, but from that the Institute is creating a situation the Main Str eet Committee hired a local the creation of a permanent new organiza- wh e re b y local environmental voices will be dow n t o wn consultant to conduct a con- tion unique in Kane’s history—the Kane shut out. He wrote: “I see…RMI…as sumer survey , a building inven t o r y, a Ar ea Revitalization Enterprise. KARE is an in t e r fering with the democratic process of business development works h o p , and independent community action organiza- public debate that is so essential to main- de v elop a new street design. Sounds like tion, many of whose members wer e trained taining the integrity of this country. It is the same old, same old, right? To some by RMI. It seeks more crea t i v e economic this debate that the [fores t r y] industry extent, it is. But something profound is options than have been previously consid- fears.” (Read on for our take on this con- informally taking place: the community er ed, and its mandate is to invol v e the cern.) No one said this would be easy. is rei n v esting in itself. Rec e n t l y , one community in decision-making. Does it Trying to be evenhanded in a polarized building owner spontaneously tore the ha v e a chance? One KARE member was community has always been trea c h e ro u s . ugly façade off his building, exposing the recently appointed to the Boro Council, But fifteen years of work in similar com- beautiful old brick beneath—an indicator and others plan to run . munities has given us the confidence that of the momentum now underwa y . Ult i m a t e l y , as Kane shows, the the pain of the process is worthwhile. • A community center with emphasis on Economic Ren e wal process is about dia- you t h . With a goal of eventually devel o p - logue, and tapping the power of local THE PEOPLE TAKE ACT I O N ing a large multi-use facility, the sponsor- minds. If an “opening up” of the commu- ing committee tested its you t h - c e n t e r In response to the initial controver s y , nity is all RMI achieved, that is significant idea in an existing church building, to pro g r ess towa r d sustainability. The fact is, actions spoke louder than words. The core pr ove that youth would come. Next, they gr oup proceeded with the rest of the ER the environment will never be taken seri- bought an empty Main Str eet storef ro n t ously in a community with closed decision- planning process, without the parti c i p a t i o n with the help of $3,500 in Hei n z of either side of the timber debate. For - making, just as Russian res t r ucturing (pe r e- End o wment funds and $20,000 from st ro i k a ) was not possible without also crea t - tu n a t e l y , Kane’s middle ground proved to the local state legislator. (When vol u n - be well populated. Par ticipants chose five ing openness (gl a s n o s t ). Th e re f o r e, the teers cleaned the building, local res t a u - pro c e s s of approaching sustainability is an pr ojects (described below), only one of rants, unsolicited, provided sandwiches which related to the timber industry, and im p o r tant part of the outcome. and pizza.) The committee has just It’s not that nobody cared in the past; it’s that only distantly: begun a 92-day, $92,000 fundraising • Cleanup and beautification of the com- that nobody cared to intervene. Now peo- ef f o r t to complete the ren o vation. ple are publicly discussing importa n t mu n i t y’s entran c e s . The municipality • Promoting tourism. Using a $9,000 U.S. (called the “Boro”), whose Council was issues—a sea change in the way the com- For est Ser vice grant matched by $2,000 munity tackles problems. At first glance in s p i r ed by citizen support shown dur- in Heinz End o wment funds, the tourism ing the ER process, purchased an ugly that may seem insignificant. It isn’t. It’s the committee hired a consultant and is stuff of revo l u t i o n s . industrial site at one town entrance, de v eloping a broc h u r e and logo. planning to clean it up. At another • Vocational technical classes, especially for —MIC H A E L KIN S L E Y AN D RMI STAF F entrance, volunteers and inmates from you t h . A committee is considering a cur- the nearby minimum-security prison riculum developed in British Columbia used donated equipment to collect trash, Ka n e ’s success would not have been possible for those hoping to enter wood-prod u c t s without RMI’s local partn e r , the Hea d w a t e r s rev egetate landscape, and install signage. in d u s t r i e s . Next summer, a trail and a gazebo will Res o u r ce Conservation and Deve l o p m e n t be added. “When the community Council, whose coordi n a t o r , Eric Carl s o n , Though modest, each of these proj e c t s kept in close touch with the planning proc e s s decides to pull together,” said proj e c t will move Kane in the direction of grea t e r leader and newly appointed Boro and provided crucial technical and financial economic diver s i t y , which leads to sustain- su p p o r t for Kane’s chosen projects. Councilor (and RMI “tr a i n e e ”) Joh n ab i l i t y . Each is sensitive to the environ m e n t Galvin, “it’s really exciting.” Though the and the community, not just jobs and pr oject is small, is has three qualities that income—but each supports these widely

VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 3 SPRING 1999 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER

E N E R G Y UT I L I T Y UNPLUG G E D RMI Helps Kill Another Power Pla n t

hen Kevin Costner wanted to film agement, urging the development of Waena plant, especially considering that WEden for the movie Wat e rw o rl d , he “… a g g re s s i v e and achievable DSM pro- the wind turbines, though they run fewer chose Hawai‘i. But no Eden is without its grams that …substitute for the need for hours, use no fuel. MECO has tried wind- serpents. In Hawai‘i, they often take the ne w generation capacity.” Th a t ’s music to po wer , but its 340-kW project was decom- form of power plants. Rec e n t l y , RMI wen t RM I ’ s ears. But the aggres s i v e program was missioned due to technical prob l e m s . back to work battling those supply-side ne v er implemented, even though opportu - Outside sources say the project was set up dragons, this time on the hauntingly beau- nities for DSM in Hawai‘i are huge—as the to fail: “Hawai‘i wind developments are tiful island of Maui. same MECO rep o r t understates, “DSM the perfect example of what not to do in Since 1995, Mau i ’s local utility, MECO has not been aggres s i v ely pursued in wi n d p o wer ,” says expert Ste v e Smi l e y . (M aui Electric Company), has been plan- Hawai‘i.” (To its credit, MECO’s res i d e n - Wind has a constant cost, saves fuel, avoi d s ning to build the Waena oil-burning power tial solar hot water program is a great suc- pollution, and increasingly is proving to be plant in central Maui. Defending the pro- cess. RMI’s testimony urged its expansion.) what customers want. More o ver , Hawai‘i is posal, MECO cited continued annual elec- a prime location. Smiley notes that “th e r e tricity demand growth of 2.6 percent and GIVE DSM A CHANCE is good potential on Maui for windpower . expected growth as high as 4 perce n t , On a national scale, Hawai‘i rates pret t y which would exceed present capacity in a Hee d e ’s res e a r ch found that growth in high—high enough to justify a windfarm handful of years. electricity use is not what it appears. Due in ten years ago. Th e r e’s also great potential Meanwhile, a coalition of tiny commu- pa r t to the collapse of the Asian economy, for small and community wind projects as nity groups, led by Maui Tom o r r ow, a demand growth had fallen to only 0.5 per- well, because Hawai‘ians don’t need much no n p r ofit citizen advocacy grou p , has been cent in 1997, a good 3 percentage points el e c t r i c i t y . A small windmill could serve fighting the proposal. It argues that the be l o w projections. To make the case for a half a dozen homes.” plant—burning dirty fuel oil high in metal “nega-plant,” RMI’s testimony noted that contaminants, volatile organic chemicals, the average cost per saved kilowa t t - h o u r MISS PIG G Y ’S FOURTH LAW and sulfur—would pollute cane fields and (kWh) in the U.S., according to the high-priced res o r ts, as well as the interval e Electric Power Res e a r ch Institute, ranges In sum, RMI’s testimony suggested that wh e r e tourists land at the airport. At full fr om 2.1 to 3.0 cents. (The best designed ME C O ’ s plan might violate Miss Pig g y ’s buildout, the plant would req u i r e 44 fuel pr ograms cost far less.) This is less than the Fou r th Law—“Nev er try to eat more than tanker truck visits per day. To make matters 3.4 cents per kWh that MECO pays just you can lift”—and it reminded us of the worse, the utility has asked for a change in for fuel, ignoring capital costs, operation, old supply-side battle cry: “Drill Rigs and zoning rights to build the plant on prime and maintenance. Battleships are the Answer!” RMI’s agricultural land. In September 1997, The new plant, on the other hand, response is always the same: what was the Maui Tom o r r ow asked RMI for help. would cost $417 million, and increase res i - question? Does Maui—one of the most dential customers’ electricity prices— beautiful places in the world—want hot AR GUING FOR A NEGAPLAN T al r eady some of the highest in the U.S. at sh o wers and cold beer, or power plants? 12 cents per kWh—by 1.76 cents. In It wasn’t until the fall—when RMI’s Res e a r ch Scholar Rick Heede, an RMI essence, MECO is planning to spend assistance moved from Rick Hee d e ’s veteran and energy specialist, prep a r ed tes- $4,600 for each of Mau i ’s 91,000 res i d e n t s cr owded office to the lush tropical paradise timony for the Maui County Council. His over the next 20 years. Inv esting less money of Maui—that the battle really heated up. analysis showed that though the utility had in a portfolio of more aggres s i v e but less Since Hunter Lovins was in Hawai‘i in pe r formed an Env i r onmental Imp a c t costly electricity savings plus ren ew a b l e s Oct o b e r , she called Maui Tom o r r ow to see Statement (EIS) on the project, the study makes more sense. if she could help. They quickly set her up dismissed demand-side management (ener- For example: the Draft EIS estimates with a packed agenda of speeches and gy efficiency and load management) pro- that the installed cost of windpower in meetings. Maui Tom o r r ow also filmed her grams and ren e wable energy as insufficient. Hawai‘i would range from $1,050 to testimony for the actual hearing. Bef o r e It was unclear why. In fact, in a 1993 $1,280 per kW, which compares favor a b l y she left, the group asked that she be avai l - with the $1,724 per kW projected for the rep o r t, MECO backed demand-side man- (continued on next page)

4= VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER SPRING 1999

able by phone for the hearing. Co m p a n y ’s application. (See the spring and Hunter recalls: “From the administrative summer 1996 news l e t t e r s . ) THE CAPE OF office of the Basalt (CO) fire barn, where I MECO will probably bring another was in a board meeting, I spoke for almost pr oposal to the new Council recently seat- GOOD HOPE an hour at the hearing. Maui Tom o r r ow ed. But there’s hope. The utility has joined As if Hawai‘i were n ’t exotic enough for had gotten the community out in force. It E SO U RC E , RMI’s spinoff that provi d e s RM I ’ s energy work, in Feb ru a r y, Res e a rc h was standing room only, and so many folks information on advanced electrical efficien- Scholar Rick Heede attended a works h o p wanted to speak that the hearing lasted a cy . And MECO has hired a new DSM in Cape Town, South Africa on indicators week. When it finally ended, Amory di re c t o r , citing end-use efficiency as a prior- of sustainable energy development. Th e [L o vins] and I wer e at another meeting in it y . Best of all, Maui Council may launch a co n f e r ence was organized by the Fren c h Bo u l d e r . Th e r e, I held onto the phone for co m p re h e n s i v e community energy plan- gr oup Helio International, which monitors se v eral hours as others spoke, then Amory ning effort. In the meantime, the Ins t i t u t e pro g r ess towa r ds global energy sustainabili- and I tag-teamed to answer Maui County has offered to help Maui Tom o r r ow in any ty . Rick, who was an advisor to parti c i - Council members’ questions. We rang off way it can. Who knows? “RMI Wes t” — pants, is on Hel i o ’s Scientific and Tec h n i c a l without much hope, since Mar k She e h a n that Feb ru a r y daydr eam of many an RMI Adv i s o r y Committee. The goal was to fine- of Maui Tom o r r ow had told us that he'd em p l o yee—may one day become a rea l i t y . tune eight universally applicable indicators counted votes and it didn't look good.” of prog r ess towa r d energy sustainability, But as Hunter was sharing a drink with —AUD E N SCH E N D L E R and to assemble a network of rep o rt e r s / o b - the board members of E SO U RC E after a se r vers in most countries around the world. long day, her cell phone rang. It was Wh a t ’s an indicator? Examples include a Sheehan: the motion to change the zon i n g From Her e to Hydro g e n co u n t r y’s emissions of carbon dioxide or its fr om agricultural to industrial use for the net energy imports . ne w power plant had failed for lack of a second. It was a massive defeat of the plant. On 8 April, Amory Lovins and Bret t Williams presented “A Strategy for the W A T E R A WIN—FOR NOW Hydr ogen Tra n s i t i o n ” at the Nat i o n a l Hydr ogen Association’s 10th Annual RA I N W ATER REDUX Vic t o r y! Was it RMI’s interven t i o n ? U.S. Hydr ogen Meeting in Tys o n ’s Maui Tom o r r ow's rallying the community? Co r n e r , Vienna, Virginia. The paper Sto r mwater Management in A sudden blossoming of clear-headedness? argues that convergent trends in sever a l We may never know. But the lion’s share of industries can create a rapid, prof i t a b l e Pittsburgh and L.A. the credit goes to the local folks whose grit co m m e r cialization path for fuel cells hen last we left our heroes, RMI’s and hard work turned the tide. and hydr ogen fuel, over coming many Ri c h a r d Pinkham and Gree n Reg a r dless, voting against the plant was of the commonly assumed hurdl e s W Dev elopment Ser vices had just completed a ce r tainly the right decision. The fight had standing in the way of a leapfrog to ch a r r ette on stormwater management in boiled down to what kind of place Mau i cl e a n e r , more ren e wable, and climatical- Pittsburgh. (See the winter 1998 wants to be. By changing zoning to allow ly benign cars and buildings. (See “Fue l News l e t t e r . For a definition of the term for power plants when cheaper, cleaner for Thought,” spring 1997.) Th e “ch a r r ette,” see page 6.) Their goal was to options exist, the County Council would, req u i r ed—and avai l a b l e — i n g re d i e n t s help find innovat i v e solutions to rainwater in effect, be encouraging MECO to spend ar e: (1) a huge market for fuel cells that runoff for the Nin e - M ile Run Wat e r s h e d , money in a way that is not economically would generate heat and electricity in an area that includes three towns and a por- optimal for the company, its shareh o l d e r s , buildings (which use two-thirds of U.S. tion of Pittsburgh. and the people of Maui County, not to electricity); (2) industrial niche marke t s Pinkham and local partners at the STU- mention the earth. The future, Council wh e r e reliable power is critical; (3) DIO for Crea t i v e Inq u i r y (which always members rea l i z ed, is choice, not fate. di re c t - h yd r ogen-fueled fuel-cell veh i - ca p i t a l i z es “st u d i o ”) are now in the final Of course, proposed power plants, like cl e s — p a r ticularly fuel-cell Hyp e rc a r s ; stages of finishing a 30-page rep o r t on the ho r ro r - m o vie villains, have a nasty habit of and (4) the synergies among (1)–(3). ch a r r ette, chock full of photos, arch i t e c t u r a l coming back to life. In fact, this is all eerily Mix, stir, and the future might unfold drawings, and text on innovat i v e solutions. reminiscent of a proposal to build two sim- sooner than we thought. “A Strategy for It will be distributed to participants, public ilar plants on the Big Isl a n d ’s Nor th Koh a l a the Hydr ogen Tra n s i t i o n ” can be officials, and local activists. coast. Th e r e, RMI’s testimony was instru- ord e r ed from RMI’s website at Even before the rep o r t’s release, more mental in convincing the Public Uti l i t i e s ww w .rmi.org, or downloaded free from than just rainwater started moving in Commission to dismiss Hawai‘i Ele c t r i c ww w. h y p e rc a r. c o m / g o / w h a t f g o. h t m l . (continued on next page)

VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 5 SPRING 1999 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER

(continued from previous page) In 1997, T.R.E.E.S. (Tra n s - A g e n c y •Yar ds incorporate sunken gardens, which Pittsburgh. Tim Collins, who works with Res o u r ce for Env i r onmental and Eco n o m i c hold rainwater long enough for the soil the STUDIO and is co-director of the Sustainability—a project of the environ - to absorb it. Roofs drain into six-inch Nin e - M ile Run Greenway project, says me n t a l gr oup Tree P eople, which, inciden- de p r essions in the lawns; these “mi n i - that the Hosanna House—the community ta l l y , Hunter Lovins cofounded in 1973) retention struc t u re s ” can handle the center in Wilkinsburg where the charret t e held a charrette with stakeholders in Los runoff from flash floods. was held—has contacted him. Owners Angeles. The goal was ambitious: to design • Swales—concavities in the landscaping want to install a demonstration porou s a ret r ofit of L.A. so that the city could be larger than those described above— f i l l e d pa r king lot with a bermed storage area for managed as a watershed. In addition to with vegetation and mulch are designed rainwater detention. In addition, the coun- pr oducing an implementation plan and a to slow the flow of rainwater and filter ty red e v elopment agency called the STU- book of “best management practices,” the pollutants. Water trapped in the veg e t a - DIO about an old shopping center atop gr oup created a demonstration house. Th e y tion is absorbed into the earth, where co n s i d e r ed single-family homes pollutants are slowly detoxified. to be an important part of the • Cisterns capture rainwater from the roo f solution to runoff prob l e m s , for irrigation in the dry season and flood since more land is cover ed by co n t r ol during heavy storms. The cis- such homes than any other type terns are made of polypropylene mined of development in the L.A. fr om L.A.’s waste stream. They could ba s i n . ev en be electronically dispatched as a From the outside, the house dispersed “ne t w o r ked res e r voi r. ” at 1828 West 50th Str eet in the T.R.E.E.S. couldn’t have picked a better Crenshaw district of L.A. looks test case for its ideas. If L.A. can do it, any like your average suburban city can. And with all the good ideas gener- home. But numerous innovat i v e ated in L.A. and Pittsburgh, it’s hard to fe a t u r es have been designed in: understand why we use sewer systems for • Dri v eway run o f f , which nor- runoff in the first place, especially when Str eet pavement reduction and permeable parking bays for rain- mally carries oil and dirt into that water is valuable. It’s a little like throw- water infiltration and neighborhood beautification in Pit t s b u r g h . the municipal sewer system, ing out the baby with the rainwater. instead runs through a grate the watershed that’s slated for red e ve l o p - into a box filled with sand and crus h e d For more information on the Pit t s b u r g h ment. The agency sees it as a perfe c t rocks. The aggregate retains and filters ch a r r ette, see http://slaggarde n . c f a . c m u . e d u . op p o r tunity to apply innovat i v e tech- the run o f f , then allows it to perco l a t e For the T.R.E.E.S. project, go to www.t re e p e o - niques—many uncover ed at the char- sl o wly into the grou n d . pl e . o r g / t r ees/. rette—for allowing rainwater to infiltrate —AUD E N SCH E N D L E R onsite, soaking in like a sponge, rather than running off expanses of asphalt. The actions of such “early adopters” only add momentum to the charrette poli- ST ATE OF THE CART cy team’s efforts to develop an implemen- tation plan. The group sent a letter to the A “ch a r re t t e ” is an an intensive, multi- issue problems that wer e so difficult, few Sou t h w est Regional Office of the di s c i p l i n a r y roundtable design works h o p . students could complete them. When the Pen n s y l v ania Dep a r tment of Env i ro n - One of the best definitions comes from allotted time had elapsed, a pushcart, or, in mental Protection, and later pres e n t e d the 1996 book Sustainable Urb a n French, a charrette, trundled past the ideas at a meeting. Though no partn e r s h i p Landscapes: The Sur r y Design Charret t e , drafting stations. Students would throw exists, the officials wer e open to discussion. edited by Patrick Condon: “A charrette is a their drawings into the cart in var i o u s One of the questions raised by the poli- design activity where the participants are states of completion, as to miss it meant cy group was how to get private prop e rt y assigned a ver y complicated design proj e c t an automatic grade of zer o.” owners to participate in innovat i v e and are expected to bring it as close to RM I has applied the power fully crea t i v e stormwater management prog r a m s . completion as possible within a ver y short ch a r r ette technique to designing anything Though answers are still forthcoming, a time. Members of the School of Arch i t e c - fr om buildings to cars, chemical plants to Los Angeles Group actually began addres s - tu r e at the École des Bea u x - A r ts in Par i s chip fabs, and urban hydr ology to the ing that issue in a separate charrette held coined the word at the end of the 19th gr eening of the White Hou s e . be f o r e the Pittsburgh event. ce n t u r y. The faculty in that school would

6= VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER SPRING 1999

times just having windows that work can GREEN DEVELOPMENT make a difference. In the Sherman Oak s Galleria, many windows couldn’t open—a classic “all glass and no windows ” building. LI K E , SHERMAN OAKS GOES GREEN Fort u n a t e l y , participants wer e armed with case-studies to show what is possible: the The Reb i r th of a Silicon Val l e y Mall ING Bank, for example, has operable win- do ws throughout 1.5 million square feet of office space. n its heyda y , the Sherman Oaks Gal l e r i a use a whole-systems approach to crea t e Some participants suggested that if ever y- Ihelped spawn the Valley Girl movem e n t . im p r oved economic, energy, and environ - on e ’s efficiency suggestions wer e combined, Right off highway 101 and a short drive mental performance. It’s more than a devel - including measures like efficient lighting, fr om down t o wn L.A., the million-square- op e r ’s doing the right thing: buildings that office equipment, and ventilation, cooling foot shopping center was glitzy, novel, and ar e comfortable and cheap to operate are loads would drop by 60–75 percent, with a major destination for teeny-boppers and easier to lease. And since the developer is $600,000 in up-front savings from smaller ha rd - c o r e shoppers. But while the mall was al r eady targeting big-name clients, it makes air conditioning systems. Cooling energy “totally tubular” in the eighties, the ravag e s sense to have ever y edge over the competi- could drop by 90 percent with an energy- of time have brought disrepair and declin- tion. efficient system. In fact, Sin g a p o r ean wizard ing popularity. When considering the Despite the high-power ed team, it’s sur- Eng Lock Lee later emailed a clever way to Galleria, more and more would-be cus- prising how “low- t e c h ” and straightforwa r d get rid of ref r i g e r a t i v e air-conditioning alto- tomers and tenants started saying, “Gag me many of the proposed measures wer e. For ge t h e r . On the hottest days, when cooling with a spoon.” example, daylighting expert Greg Fra n t a to wers alone wouldn’t produce enough Realizing that a complete remodel was pointed out that the ceiling was rough, gray, cooling, evaporating water into the hot, dry in orde r , green developer Dan Emm e t t and providing 30 percent reflectivity vs. th e exhaust air leaving the building would cool decided he might as well make it sustain- 70–80 percent that’s readily avai l a b l e . it so much that a no-movi n g - p a r ts heat pipe able and energy-efficient too. Since he Lighting engineer Nancy Clanton noted could passively use that cooling to chill fres h al r eady knew Amory Lovins, it wasn’t a big that automatic lighting controls work wel l air as it entered the building. step to call in Rocky Mountain Ins t i t u t e . in some kinds of areas, but not in others. Most of the charrette was funded by the Los Angeles Dep a r tment of Water and Power , which has a major stake in ret a i n i n g “...Systems thinkers have to the Galleria when customers get to choose ask why the mall became suppliers. The Sherman Oaks remodel is also an opportunity for the utility to spon- ‘uncool’ so fast.” sor a high-profile energy-efficiency pro- ject—no small prize in a state where com- peting utilities have long been on the cut- On 7–9 December 1998, RMI’s Gree n More o ver , people need different amounts of ting edge of demand-side management and Dev elopment Ser vices led a design char- light based on age and personal pref e re n c e , wh e r e iconic projects can help to shift what rette (see box, p. 6) to make Sherman Oak s so task lighting and manual controls are designers offer and clients demand. a cutting-edge, environmentally res p o n s i b l e pr eferable to fancier solutions. Another sug- Still, systems thinkers have to ask why shopping center and office complex. gestion was to minimize furniture close to the mall became “un c o o l ” so fast. After all, The charrette featured a cast of 26 ener- the windows to increase brightness and cre- the Galleria was built in the early eighties gy allstars with wide-ranging experti s e : ate a thermal buffer zone. and wouldn’t have needed rebuilding if it stormwater management, materials selec- Th a t ’s not to say technology doesn’t have had stayed popular. Par t of the problem is tion, mechanical engineering, glazing, light- its place. Daylighting suggestions included that malls are like Las Vegas casinos—hip ing, daylighting, and lighting design. RMI using superwi n d o ws, tuned to the climate only until the next one comes along. pa r ticipants included Bill Browning, Alexis and orientation, to maximize light and min- Add r essing that prob l e m — h o w to avoi d Ka r olides, and Amory Lovins. im i z e overheating. And since the number- sprawl and growth instead of devel o p - The team worked with architects and one reason tenants relocate is problems with ment—is the realm of Economic Ren ew a l . staff building committee members, giving heating, ventilation and air conditioning (S ee “Escaping Sprawl,” p. 11.) Hmmm… training seminars and participating in (H V AC) systems, which also use a high per- things really are interco n n e c t e d … br eakout sessions to develop specific design centage of a building’s energy, the latest guidelines for the remodel. Their goal: to technology is often the best bet. But some- —AUD E N SCH E N D L E R

VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 7 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER SPRING 1999

R M I N E W S sion is to develop and implement innova- ti v e economic, environmental and social policies and to publicize and track the NE W YORK, DAVOS, DETROI T , SNOWM A S S pro g r ess of sustainable development in the Around the World with Amo r y and Hun t e r U.S. ST . GALLEN UNIVERSITY AND n 1947, the anthropologist Thor Heye r - WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM SC H U M A CHER COL L E G E Idahl sailed 4,300 miles from Per u to Polynesia in a balsawood boat. Amory and Each yea r , the World Economic Foru m For ten days in late Jan u a r y, Amory Hunter Lovins can empathize: they travel a meets in Dav os, Swi t z erland, bringing Lo vins was Oikos Visiting Professor at the lot too, though their ride is usually more together roughly 2000 business, political, Uni v ersity of St. Gallen business school in co m f o r table. But there’s another similarity: academic, and media leaders. The Foru m eastern Swi t z erland, teaching Nat u r a l after next May , the Lovinses will join is considered the world’s global business Capitalism and advanced res o u r ce efficien- Heye r dahl as recipients of the pres t i g i o u s summit. This yea r , between 28 Jan u a r y cy to business and technical audiences. Lindbergh Awa r d. and 2 Feb ru a r y, Amory and Hunter gave From 6 to 11 June, just before colleague The award is just one reason 1999 is an four presentations on Natural Capitalism. Ernst von Weizsäcker arrives, Lovins will ex citing year for RMI. Bey ond the rel e a s e The theme of the meeting was Res p o n - conduct another Natural Capitalism work- of the book Nat u r al Cap i t a l i s m , now slated sible Globality: Managing the Impact of shop geared towa r ds business exec u t i v es, at for the fall, there are numerous major Glo b a l i z a t i o n . Other speakers included Schumacher College in Dev on, Eng l a n d . ev ents—some timed for the turn of the Swi t ze r l a n d ’s first woman president, Rut h The College, named after Small is Bea u t i f u l millennium—at which RMI will be rep r e- Dreifuss; Nelson Mandela, President of author E.F. Schumacher, is an international sented. Bel o w are some highlights: South Africa; Kofi Annan, Sec re t a ry - center for ecological studies. It was founded General of the United Nations; Vic e in 1991 “upon the twin convictions that THE LINDBERGH AWAR D President Al Gor e; and Ger h a r d Schröder, the world-view which has dominated Chancellor of Ger m a n y . Western civilization has serious limitations, Since 1978, the Lindbergh Fou n d a t i o n The World Economic For um, an inde- and that a new vision is needed for human has presented an annual award to a person pendent nonprofit foundation established so c i e t y , its values, and its relationship to the or team that has “significantly contributed in 1971, calls itself “the foremost interna- ea r th.” Spaces, and scholarships, may still to a better balance between the advance of tional membership organization integrat- be available at the seminar. Tel: 011 44 technology and the pres e r vation of the ing leaders from business, government and 1803 865 934; Fax: 011 44 1803 866 899; en v i r onment.” Recipients run the gamut academia into a partnership committed to sc h u m c o l l @ g n . a p c . o r g . fr om explorers (Sir Edmund Hil l a r y, Nei l im p r oving the state of the world.” Ar m s t r ong) to philanthropists (the Que e n of Thailand) to scientists and visionaries NA TIONAL TOWN MEETING Ideas Tra v el Too (D rs. Murray Gel l - M ann and Arthur C. FOR A SUSTAINABLE AMERICA Cl a r ke). If even a few of the past rec i p i e n t s Many years ago, on a rare visit by a Am o r y and Hunter will present the attend this yea r ’s cerem o n y , it might look Westerner to notoriously isolated Nort h concept of Natural Capitalism at Th e mo r e like an RMI cocktail party: many Kor ea, Dr. Peter Hay es of the Nau t i l u s National Town Meeting for a Sus t a i n a b l e aw a r dees are friends of the Institute. Th e s e Institute met with a senior energy engi- America, 2–5 May 1999. Spo n s o r ed by include John and Nancy Todd, who inven t - neer in the capital Pyongyang. Pet e r the Pres i d e n t ’s Council on Sus t a i n a b l e ed the Living Mac h i n e ™, an innovat i v e was describing the potential benefits of Dev elopment, the meeting may be the ap p r oach to sewage treatment; Mau r i c e pr oviding electricity with small-scale, biggest thing to hit Det r oit since Mot ow n . Str ong, special advisor to the Sec re t a ry - ren e wable power generation and effi- Planners expect upwa r ds of 3,000 gover n - General of the U.N. and chairman of Th e cient end-use. “Do you understand ment and community leaders, academics, Ea r th Council; and Dr. Paul Mac C rea d y , what I'm trying to say?” he asked. Th e activists, and students of sustainable devel - the engineer who built such pioneering official nodded and replied: “Am o r y opment. Thousands more will parti c i p a t e vehicles as the Gossamer Alb a t ro s s , a human- Lov i n s — ‘ S oft Energy Pat h ’!” And when via satellite and internet links from concur- po wer ed airplane that crossed the Eng l i s h RMI Dir ector Michael Edesess turned rent sessions throughout the country. Channel. The ceremony will be at the on his T.V . in a Ban g a l o r e hotel some President Clinton created the Pres i d e n t ’s Exp l o r ers Club in New Yor k on 19 May , as months ago, he saw Bill Browning talk- Council on Sustainable Dev elopment in close as feasible to the day Lindbergh flew ing about green devel o p m e n t . fr om New Yor k to Paris in 19 2 7 . June 1993 as an advisory grou p . Its mis-

VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 8 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER SPRING 1999 NO JOKE: RADIO! RMI Hits the Airw a ve s

hhhh, Sat u r day morning at last. Th e 300 nursing homes in 20 states will broa d - ANew Yor k Tim e s , a cup of coffee, cast the essays too. Ado p t - a n - E CO - Es s a y maybe a little National Public Radio. Right “I t’s a tremendous opportunity to get after Weekend Edition, someone’s rea d i n g RM I ’ s message and name out there,” says an essay about parachuting cats into Clasen. “RMI and ECO-essays will rel e a s e Rocky Mountain Institute is seeking Bo r n e o . Wait a minute—that’s RMI on some 260 radio spots per yea r , with each sponsors to help reach National Pub l i c the radio! one running twice a day. And each essay Radio listeners nationwide. With a gift of Buckle your seatbelts: Rocky Mou n t a i n ends by acknowledging RMI.” $1,500, you ’ll fully fund the writing and Ins t i t u t e ’s gone audio. Since 1 Marc h , It’s ambitious to produce that many pr oduction of one ECO-Essay. A tagline RM I - s p o n s o r ed “ECO-Essays” have been spots, but the truth is, RMI has hundred s ac k n o wledging your support will be br oadcasting on public radio stations of good stories to tell, and many aren ’t yet br oadcast around the country: “ECO- nationwide. The three-minute spots are the widely known. Whether it’s the benefits of Essays are brought to you by Roc k y brainchild of Peter Johnson, an exec u t i v e su p e rw i n d o ws, the finer points of plugging Mountain Institute in Sno wmass, Colo- pr oducer and former host of WGBH in leaks in a community’s economy, or rado, www.rmi.org, and by a grant from Boston, and James Taylor of “Mon e y An t a r ctic ice cores as clues to climate [y our name here].” You ’ll also get a CD Talks,” a finance show reaching 552 sta- change, RMI has stories ever ybody ought copy of the essay you sponsored. You r tions worldwide. The two founded ECO- to know. Soon, more people will. tax-deductible contribution will furth e r Essays as a nonprofit group to inspire posi- RM I ’ s mission and bring thought-pro- ti v e change through increased environ m e n - —AUD E N SCH E N D L E R voking environmental sucess stories to tal awareness and res p o n s i b i l i t y . ne w listeners ever y day. For more infor- Johnson is a staunch environ m e n t a l i s t Help spread the word! Please contact mation, please contact Karl Clauss at and longtime admirer of RMI’s work. He your local radio stations and encourage (970) 927-3128, or [email protected]. met with the Ins t i t u t e ’s marketing direc t o r them to pick up this free series—for the and publicist Norm Clasen while the idea good of the earth and of Rocky Mountain —KAR L CLAUS S for ECO-Essays was still incubating. Institute. Though RMI will be writing Johnson was hoping RMI would be one many of the ECO-essays, submissions are of a number of organizations and individu- welcome. For guidelines, email Peter als that could contribute. Says Clasen: Johnson at [email protected]. “In i t i a l l y , I just wanted to submit content. But then I thought, why not do it all?” Clasen began to look for ways RMI could I’M OK, YOU’RE Y2 K write about half of the essays. At first, it didn’t seem realistic that the RM I ’ s Local Meetings Foster Discussion pr ogram could get rolling by spring, since he only thing people can agree on eve r ything from power to telecommunica- the project needed funding, and founda- with reg a r d to Y2K,” Cathy Moyer tions to transporta t i o n . tion money is often slow in arriving. But “T told community members in Gle n w o o d To foster informed discussion and fore- quick action from the ARIA Fou n d a t i o n , Springs this Dec e m b e r , “is that on 1 Jan - sight, RMI led meetings in Aspen, Vai l , which offered to underwrite the first quar- ua r y 2000, something is going to happen.” Eagle, and Glenwood Springs, Colorado. te r , made ECO-Essays possible. But nobody knows exactly what. Moyer , a “RMI isn’t going to solve the Y2K prob l e m Johnson hopes to reach 100 stations by co-founder of the Cassandra proj e c t — a for the Val l e y ,” says RMI’s Hunter Lovi n s . late 1999, and upwa r ds of 250 in two Y2K (year 2000) prep a r edness grou p — w a s “O ur role is to invite citizens to create their years, meaning roughly half a million lis- one of many speakers RMI brought to a own solutions. We recommend that we all teners per day. National Public Radio local seminar series this winter. become better neighbors, understand reaches 50 states and Guam through 600 The concern about the turn of the cen- wh e r e we might be vulnerable, and begin member stations. tu r y is that computers—many of which no w to craft locally appropriate solutions. As of 1 April, 50 U.S. stations had use two-digit dates—may malfunction by Awa r eness and cooperation are our best al r eady committed to broadcast ECO- mi s i n t e r p r eting the year ’00 as 1900. tools. And even if there turns out never to Essays, and Armed For ces Radio, with 400 (“ Why Y2K?,” fall 1998.) Unf o rt u n a t e l y , ha v e been a problem, this exer cise will stations worldwide, had picked up the pro- that doesn’t just mean you won’t be able to st r engthen the community’s resilience.” gram. Grandpa won’t be left out either: play Nin t e n d o . The problems could affect (continued on next page)

VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 9 SPRING 1999 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER

(continued from previous page) T R A N S P O R T A T I O N The meetings—which attracted rou g h l y 500 people—featured plenary speakers and panel discussions, followed by a question- an d - a n s w er session and a chance for com- WHEN IS A HYBRID NOT A HYBRID? munity members to network. All three ses- sions wer e sponsored in part by Holy Cros s A Rep o r t from the Det r oit Auto Sho w Ene r g y , RMI’s local electric co-op. Hap p i l y , the meetings have already had as Detroit finally seen the light? At hybrid drivesystem. While far from ultra- some impact. Bey ond bringing together Hthe North American International light and efficient (a Hyp e r car with the rep re s e n t a t i v es from local electricity, water, Auto Show this January, automakers dis- same size and performance would use a communications, government, and public- played at least a dozen “hybrid” vehicles. qu a r ter of the Citadel’s 323 horsepower ) , safety groups, among others, the meetings But don’t get too excited. These its hybrid drivesystem shows that auto- ha v e spawned community action. Sho rt l y “hybrids” aren’t the ultralight hybrid- makers are, in fact, “halfway to Hyp e r - after the Glenwood session, the town of electric Hypercars RMI has been pro- cars.” (See the spring 1998 news l e t t e r. ) Newcastle formed the New Castle Fam i l y moting since 1991. Instead, the automo- You can see the Citadel at: www.c h ry s l e r - and Community Y2K Prep a r edness Grou p . tive industry is using the term to ca r s . c o m / i n s i t e / d re a m s . h t m . At the end of the Vail meeting, a local rep o r ter stood up and offered to start a pre- •For d’s P2000 pa r edness group herself. Aspen is hiring a “SUV” (for Spo r t Y2K coordi n a t o r . And other organizations Utility Vehicle) is ar e ramping up their activity as well. fa r ther along. Unl i k e In the end, perhaps the most clear-head- the monster SUVs ed piece of advice came from Pitkin county we’ve come to know, sheriff Bob Braudis (who recently joined a the compact, aero- Y2K task force.) He closed his speech in dynamic P2000 is as Aspen by saying: “Stay cool and love one much sedan as an o t h e r .” On New Yea r ’s Day at 8,000 feet tr uck. It has an alu- in the Rockies, coolness, at least, won’t be a mi n u m - i n t e n s i v e pro b l e m . st ru c t u r e with half —AUD E N SCH E N D L E R the mass of a steel car and a fuel-cell- ® po wer ed drives y s - THE XEROX OF Hyp e r car res e a r cher Michael Brylawski narrowly avoids a small child while tem. If equipped testing a four-seat Toyota Prius at the Det r oit Auto Sho w. This hybrid-electric with a low-drag and AUTO M O B I L E S ? sedan, launched in Japan in December 1997, will enter the U.S. market in ev en lighter-wei g h t 2000—after the lighter, lower-drag, hybrid-electric Honda VV , due out this fall. polymer composite Hyp e r car™ may be on its way to describe an emerging class of vehicles st ru c t u r e, the P2000 would be a being a commonly-used trademarke d that combine features of both trucks and Hyp e rc a r . wo r d, like Xer ox or Band-Aid. One cars—providing the functionality and In fact, make any of these “hybrid automaker already used the term in a style of trucks with the ride, smaller size, hy b r i d s ” ultralight and ultra-low-drag, and Sup e r b o wl commercial. Now, Wor l d and better efficiency of cars. The Subaru th e y ’re Hyp e r cars, as is any vehicle that uses Wide Wor ds (www.q u i n i o n . d e m o n . Forester is an early example. RM I ’ s award-winning design-integration co. u k / w o r ds/turnsofphrase) has listed So these “hybrids” have nothing to do concept. The point is, Hyp e r cars aren ’t little “Hy p e rc a r ,” among others like “intra- with Hyp e r cars, right? Not necessarily. cars, they’re anything that happens to fit the ne t ” and “ap o p t o s i s ” (the process by “Hy b r i d - h y b r i d s” — c a r - t r uck combos with design principles. Eighteen-wheeler or sub- which cells naturally self-destruct in the hybrid-electric drives — a r e coming to compact, “hybrid” or a just plain car or body), in its “Turns of Phr a s e ” index. sh ow r ooms early next decade. It’s likely tr uck, a Hyp e r car will not just outperfo r m The index catalogs words likely to th e y ’ll increasingly be ultralight as well. Th e a conventionally designed vehicle, but will st appear in 21 ce n t u r y dictionaries. Of auto show provided a glimpse: be much kinder to the environment and to course, we’re working hard to make your wallet. “Hy p e rc a r ” more than just a household • Ch ry s l e r ’s Citadel show car, “pa r t luxury wo r d. We want it to be a household ca r . sedan, part SUV, and part minivan , ” —MIC H A E L BRYL AWS K I —M. B . ac c o r ding to promoters, also employs a

10= VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER SPRING 1999

ES C A P ING SPRAWL By Michael Kin s l e y , Co-founder of RMI’s Economic Renewal Prog r a m

My community is growing like craz y . mo r e tourists. These are ways to increa s e dents can live, shop, and work in close I used to be able to take a .22 and go th r oughput, the rate at which goods and pr oxi m i t y . Fifth, they’re pursuing sustain- hunting out my back door. Now, that se r vices flow through an economy. But able economic devel o p m e n t . wi l d e r ness is all malls and subdivisions. th r oughput has nothing to do with com- Communities develop more sustain- But we need a strong economy. What munity size or quality of life. Subtle and ably when they seek ways to create jobs, can we do? often misunderstood, throughput is the income, and savings by doing more and —D ouglas Hill, Austin, Texa s invisible 800-pound gorilla of the growt h better with what they already have: this is de b a t e . what we mean by de ve l o p m e n t instead of or e and That debate should focus on whether gr owth. And they do it in dozens of ways. Mmo r e com- in c r eased throughput provides a net They refine products already harves t e d , munities are rea l i z - gain—that is, does it increase the wel l - add value locally instead of exporti n g ing that rapid being of citizens? And does continuously cheap commodities, use energy and water gr owth doesn’t in c r easing throughput leave a viable econ- mo r e efficiently so that money stays in the mean economic omy for our children, or is it an illusion co m m u n i t y , match local businesses with pr osperity or that, like selling lots of veggies, feels good local suppliers, and rev i t a l i z e their down - im p r oved quality in the short term but hurts later on? Th e s e to wns. Instead of wooing more tourists, of life. Wh a t ’s ar e not simple questions. But answers can they entice tourists to stay longer. Th e y going on? To be found by soberly comparing the eco- turn wastes into feedstock (one town DEAR ROCKY understand, it nomic, community, and environ m e n t a l made floormats from old tires), foster helps to consider costs and benefits of specific growth pro- co m m u n i t y - s u p p o r ted agriculture, and the story of the unemployed town council posals. se c u r e local ownership of businesses. member: Unf o rt u n a t e l y , these factors are seldom Students in the high-school entrep re n e u r Ever the entrep re n e u r , he buys a truc k co n s i d e r ed. Int o xicated by throu g h p u t , class in Tropic, Utah, for example, found and a load of vegetables to sell by the gr owth boosters ignore such costs as a way to replace imports with local prod - hi g h w a y . After a terrific day, he’s sold out. depleted soils or forests, groundwater pol- ucts. They noticed that tourists wer e buy- Back home, he gushes to his wife about lution from chemicals substituted for ing bottled water. Knowing that local his success. healthy soils, traffic congestion, and hous- well-water tasted terrific, they bottled it, “H ow much,” she asks, “did you earn?” ing that residents of tourist towns can no cr eated their own label, and sold it to the “E ighteen hundred bucks,” he crows. longer afford. In a mature economy, each vi s i t o r s . “And how much did you pay for the extra bushel, tree, or tourist can create a In these smart communities, the econ- veg g i e s ? ” net loss that boosters assume will be made omy grows, the environment stays Punching his calculator, he hesitantly up in vol u m e . he a l t h y , and the town remains a place announces, “Two thousand.” The nationwide movement called wh e r e its residents want to live. And “Hmm,” she says, “th e r e seems to be a “sm a r t growt h ” offers a valuable context nobody needs a bigger truck. pro b l e m . ” for discussing this issue. But watch out: For more information on smart growt h , Drea m i l y , he says, “Yeah, I need a big- many unsustainable developments are refer to Economic Renewal and Gree n ger truc k . ” dubbed “sm a r t” in an attempt to gree n - Dev elopment on RMI’s web s i t e , He’s intoxicated by cashflow. But vet e r - wash projects that do not fit. ww w. rm i . o r g . an businesspeople know that what counts In contrast, genuinely smart communi- Other useful web s i t e s : is profit. Inc r easing cashflow is fine, until ties are using five strategies to respond to it ’s outweighed by increasing costs. gr owth. First, they’re using various means • American Planning Ass o c i a t i o n Iron i c a l l y , the same smart businesspeo- to limit growth to what’s wanted. Sec o n d , ww w .planning.org ple often neglect to calculate their own net th e y ’re ensuring that growth pays its way. • Center for Liv able Communities gain when promoting economic devel o p - Th i r d, where real-estate prices are soaring, ww w. l g c . o r g / c l c ment. They seek to spin the economy as th e y ’re building affordable housing to • Spr awl Watch Clearinghouse fast as possible—harvesting more corn or maintain community. Fou r th, they’re ww w. s p ra w l w a t c h . o r g tr ees, making more widgets, attracting planning mixed uses of land so that res i - • Congress for the New Urb a n i s m ww w. c n u . o r g

11= VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 SPRING 1999 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER

RMI NEWS units to heat nearby staff housing. RMI is grateful for this gift, which improves quali- The Newsletter ty of life and perhaps RMI’s work— re - The Rocky Mountain Institute CARRIER HEATS RMI se a r chers don’t type so well wearing gloves . Newsletter is published three times a year and distributed to more than 22,000 On cold winter days, it wasn’t rare to see readers in the U.S. and throughout the RMI reseachers wearing hats and gloves NE W PUBLICATI O N S world. indoors. Th a t ’s because for years, the Please ask us before reproducing, with “A Strategy for the Hydro g e n Ins t i t u t e ’s Windstar annex—where most of attribution, material from the Newsletter. Tra n s i t i o n ” ( T99-7). $8.00 plus shipping our res e a r chers work—has been heated by Although space constraints prevent us & handling. (See page 5) an antique wood-fired boiler. Sur e, wood is from printing letters to the editor, we “The Mark e t ’s Good News on want to hear your comments, criticism, ren e wable, but the conver ted 1950s farm- Cl i m a t e ” (E98-6). Amory Lovi n s ’s letter to or praise relating to any article printed in house, solar-tempered in the 1970s but Wor ldwatch Mag a z i n e on business initia- the Newsletter. Please address all corre- ne v er superinsulated, was notoriously hot- ti v es to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. spondence to: and-cold. (On average, optimists would $1.00 plus shipping & handling. Newsletter Editor sa y , it was the perfect temperature. ) Our publisher, Little Brown, tells us Rocky Mountain Institute Now, thanks to a major donation by Nat u r al Cap i t a l i s m will be a fall book. A 1739 Snowmass Creek Road Carrier Corporation,Windstar will be heat- su m m a r y article will be featured in the Snowmass, CO 81654-9199 ed by state-of-the-art 95-perce n t - e f f i c i e n t May / J une Har var d Business Rev i e w . Look (970) 927-3851 / fax (970) 927-3420 bottled-gas boilers. Carrier also donated for details in the next news l e t t e r . [email protected] www.rmi.org New Sta f f EDITOR...... Auden Schendler LAYOUT...... Ema Tibbetts Deve l o p m e n t Wri t e r / Re s e a rc h e r Mar k Scott, Gree n About the Institute Dev elopment Sen i o r Res e a r ch Ass o c i a t e Rocky Mountain Institute is an inde- Huston Eub a n k , pendent, nonpartisan, nonprofit res e a rc h Dev elopment Ass o c i a t e and educational foundation with a vision Karl Clauss, Out re a c h ac r oss boundaries. Int e r n Jen n y Seeking ideas that transcend ideology, Constable, and and harnessing the problem-solving power Hun t e r ’s Exec u t i v e of free - m a r ket economics, our goal is to Assistant Dan Bakal. foster the efficient and sustainable use of And a fond farew ell to res o u r ces as a path to global security. Ri c h a r d Pinkham and Rocky Mountain Institute believes that Auden Schendler. Norm Clasen people can solve complex prob l e m s th r ough collective action and their own common sense, and that understanding fr om photovoltaics. RMI has also installed in t e r connections between res o u r ce issues WALKING OUR TAL K solar panels at Windstar to provide backup can often solve many problems at once. po wer to the computer network. Rob e r t Founded in 1982, Rocky Mountain RMI has never been entirely power ed by Institute is a §501(c)(3) /509(a)(1) pub- War r en, who installed the system, calls it ren e wables, but we’re getting there. Th e lic charity (tax-exempt #74-2244146). It the only solar-power ed computer network Institute signed up for 33 hundred - k i l o - has a staff of approximately 45 full-time, backup system in the world. Rob e r t should watt-hour blocks of windpower from Hol y 48 total. The Institute focuses its work in kn o w—he gets around. Right now he’s eight main areas—corporate practices, Cross Ene r g y ’s Win d p o wer Pioneers pro- wo r king in Hong Kong, designing a mobile community economic development, ener- gram at an added cost of $2.50 per block PV system for disaster rel i e f . gy , real-estate development, security, cli- per month. The ren e wable power won’t mate, transportation, and water—and car- come on line until Holy Cross, our local ries on international outreach and techni- co - o p , finishes installing wind turbines in ca l - e x change programs. Its E SO U RC E su b - Nor theastern Colorado, but then it will RMI CATALO G si d i a r y (4755 Walnut St., Boulder, CO co ver a third of the power consumed at the 80301, 1-800-E SO U RC E , esource @ RM I ’ s fully redesigned 1999 Pub l i c a t i o n s es o u r ce.com, www.e s o u rc e . c o m ) is the he a d q u a r ters building. Alrea d y , a third— Catalog is now available. Call, fax, or email leading source of information on soon a half—of the building’s power comes us for a free copy, or go to www.r m i . o r g . ad v anced techniques for electric efficiency.

12= VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER SPRING 1999

INVESTING IN RMI’S FUTURE

Dear Fri e n d s ,

Most families would find it hard to pay the monthly bills if they’d had to pay cash for their house because no mortgage was avai l a b l e . Despite excellent credit ratings and a perfect payment history, RMI, like many nonprofits, is familiar with this bind, because nonprof i t s ca n ’t get household mortgages—only short-term, expensive commercial loans. For example, to expand staff housing in 1997, RMI had to pay $200,000 cash and get a costly three - y ear bank loan twice that large. A similar bite out of operating cashflow recurs whenever RMI ren o vates a building, upgrades phones and computers, or makes any other long-term investment that can’t be capitalized long-term. Th a t ’s why, since 1986, RMI has relied mainly on friends to finance its long-term capital needs. Newsletter readers who can’t make a large gift but do have some capital to invest have made more than 40 unsecured private loans that form the Ins t i t u t e ’s capital backbone. Most of this $1.077 million of affordable loans are for $10,000–50,000 over periods of 5–20 years. Int e r est yields can at least match CDs, but lenders also earn the satisfaction of seeing their investment build RMI’s effectiven e s s . Rocky Mountain Ins t i t u t e ’s capital needs have lately grown three-fifths as fast as its rev enues. To keep pace, we’re now welcoming a ne w, $2-million round of private investment from individuals and foundations. It’s for physical-plant improvements, long-term ref i n a n c - ing of short-term and high-rate debt (chiefly for the enlarged staff housing), and recollateralizing a $500,000 safety-net line of credit that pr ovides protection against late rec e i v ables. A third of these opportunities are already spoken for. When completed, they’ll save RMI some $50,000 a year in interest costs, reduce debt service from 6.5 percent (1997) to less than 5 percent of rev enue, sensibly align maturities with asset lives, and prudently strengthen the Ins t i t u t e ’s operating res e r ves. RM I ’ s income statement is steadily gaining strength—1998 brought the fourth consecutive operating surplus, the 11th in 17 yea r s — and we now want to strengthen the capital struc t u r e corres p o n d i n g l y . To explore this opportunity to align your investment objectives with the Ins t i t u t e ’s goals, please contact Comptroller Christy Otis at 970/927-3128, fax 970/927-4178, or [email protected]. Thank you .

L. Hunter Lovins, Pres i d e n t Am o r y B. Lovins, Senior VP and Trea s u re r INSTITUTE SUPPORTE R S Our sincere appreciation is offered to these friends who have contributed to RMI. Please let us know if your name has been omitted or misspelled so it can be corrected in the next issue. Donations received between 1 September and 31 December 1998 are listed. Numbers in parentheses indicate multiple donations.

GENERAL SUPPORT D O N AT I O N S BENEFACTORS Leyna Bernstein Barnes & Peter Mr. & Mrs. Bud Konheim, in Radin Foundation Nancy & Max Aver Betsy Brown $10,000 AND OVER Barnes, in memory of Peter memory of Eric Konheim Dr. Franz P. Reichsman Jane C. Avera-Baugh & E. Sheila & Brian Brown Carr Carolyn Konheim & Brian B.T. Rocca, Jr. Foundation Richard Baugh Melanie & Michael Bruner ARIA Foundation Will Berliner Ketchum, in memory of Eric Mr. & Mrs. Edwin M. Roth Peter Bacchetti Gertrude O. & Jonathan W. Patricia Chernoff Charitable Trust Mr. & Mrs. David R. Brower, in Konheim Arent H. Schuyler, Jr. Ikuko & Stephen L. Bacon Bulkley Compton Foundation, Inc. honor of Wallace Stegner Christopher Leininger Helen C. Severinghaus Edward L. Bakewell III Stephen Burns The Geraldine R. Dodge Florence V. Burden Foundation Ann Lennartz Jane Sharp-MacRae Alice W. Ballard & Joshua Louise & Thomas G. Burns Foundation Susanne B. Bush Courtney & Steven Leonard Donald Strachan Mitteldorf Mr. & Mrs. Bill Burwell The Energy Foundation Caulkins Family Foundation (4) Diane Leonard-Senge & Peter Joyce & Greg E. Studen Robert Barker Julie & Peter Butler The Golden Rule Foundation Clanton & Associates, Inc. Senge Supersymmetry USA, Inc. Judith Barnard & Michael Fain Mr. & Mrs. David Butler Richard & Rhoda Goldman Fund The Conservation & Research Marvina Lepianka & Charles James V. Walzel Mr. & Mrs. William Beale Judith A. Byrns & Joe L. William & Flora Hewlett Foundation Jaffee Melody Wilder & David Douglas Pamela & Paul E. Beck Bergquist Foundation Barbara & Arthur M. Crocker Holly Lewis & Neal D. McBurnett Wilson A. Jonathan Becker Mr. & Mrs. Chris Cappy J.M. Kaplan Fund, Inc. Amy & J. Matthew Davidson Rev. & Mrs. Arthur S. Lloyd Brian Williams Ruth & David Becker, in honor of Joan & Rob Carne Mellon Private Capital Jon & Susie Diamond Dr. Julie Lovins & Greg Fowler Dyan Zaslowsky & Michael The Beckers Barbara & Bruce N. Carney Management Mr. & Mrs. Arthur Dubow (2) Edesess Mr. & Mrs. Francis L. Bengtson, Caulkins Family Foundation New-Land Foundation Environmental Protection Hunter & Amory Lovins in honor of Mr. & Mrs. F. Ralph Cavanagh The Cissy Patterson Foundation Agency The Overbrook Foundation SPONSORS Joseph Murphy Bruce M. Chetty Rockefeller Financial Services Ettinger Foundation, Inc. Leslie & Mac A. McQuown $100–$999 Maurice A. Benoit Ziska Childs Turner Foundation, Inc. Rhonda & James Fackert Merlin Foundation Carolyn & Daniel Berger Patricia & John W. Christensen Wallace Global Fund Angela & Jeremy Foster Helena Meyer-Knapp & Robert Anonymous (11) Susan Blanc & David E. Baker Dora H. Chu & Edward H. Helm, G.A.G. Charitable Corporation Knapp, Jr. Joan Abrahamson & Jonathan Daniel M. Blankstein in memory of Edward L. Helm PATRONS John B. Gilpin Mr. & Mrs. Jerry Mix Aronson William J. Bliss Mary & Atlee F. Clapp $1,000–$9,999 Mark Gordon Kevin J. Moriarity Alpine Bank Basalt Mr. & Mrs. Allen L. Boorstein Anne K. Clare Holy Cross Energy Gary Mullard Stephen B. Andrews Carol & Richard C. Bourne Amy & Paul Clark Anonymous (4) Rampa & Tom Hormel Joan & Carter Norris Robert F. Arenz Jr. Laurie A. Brittain Dr. & Mrs. John B. Cobb Jr. Allen-Heath Memorial Kane Family Foundation Patricia & Paul O'Connor Lloyd Arnold Allan F. Brown David Cole Foundation Erin & Gordon K. Kapes Vera C. Pratt Barbara A. Askin & J. Kevin Associates III, Inc. The Kleh Family Foundation The Prentice Foundation, Inc. Roche (continued on next page)

VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 13 SPRING 1999 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER

Hilary & John Cole Hotel Colorado Candice Miller & Kevin L. Markey Mr. & Mrs. William Rupert Shahan Audrey B. & Lorraine P. Anderson Peter Condakes Sy Coleman Michele A. Houdek & Douglas N. Kai Millyard Marcus B. Sheffer David Andri Sally & Joseph Conklin Mr. & Mrs. Napier C. Collyns Koplow Susan Mohr-Pattin & Joseph K. Joe Sherman Caroline & Andrew C. Armstrong Judy & Bruce Conner y Maureen & Craig Combes Rebecca & Jonathan Howard Pattin Fawn & John A. Shillinglaw Scott Armstrong, in honor of Conrad Group Stephen G. Connor Deborah & Fisher Howe Jan & Terence R. Mooney Steve Shull, in memory of Brad Gerry St. Onge Eugene Constant George Allen Cook James B. Huffman Betty & Kenneth Moore Shull Janie Arnold James Copeland Jonathan Corbet Margaret & William D. Hummon Theresa Moore Panziera & Tony Joanne L. Siegel & Walter F. Avalanche Creek Marble & Jason Copeland Dr. Walter H. Corson II Sandra & David W. Hunter Panziera Thiem Alabaster LLC Marcia Corbin Brownlee Cote Dana L. Jackson Clare Moorhead Suzanne & Daniel Sigman Daniel A. Bach Janet & William Cordua Cathryn & Thomas F. Crum Stephen H. Johnson William F. Morrill Mr. & Mrs. Marvin Simon Mary-Lane Baker Angelyn & Eric E. Cornetta Leonard A. Cuff Carolyn & Peter T. Johnson Mrs. Henry A. Morss Jr. Jane & Kent Slaughter Joan & Thomas W. Baker, Jr. Rosemary Cseh-Senn & James F. Marion Culhane, in honor of Molly Roger L. Johnson Johnny M. Mullen, in memory of Kerin Sloane & John Reed Paul Barnes Senn Georgia Culhane & Ryan Patrick Diane & Kurt Johnston Benjamin M. Mullen James M. Small Martin Barnett John Cummings Culhane Florence & R. Michael Jones Mr. & Mrs. Philip G. Mullen Mark P. Smith Rev. Alexis Barringer Pamela J. Cunningham E. Kyle Datta Russell C. Jordan, Jr. Joyce & Joe Murphy Jean Spicer Smith Thomas John Barry Charles W. Dahlgreen Rosamond A. Dean Denise A. Jurgens & Kevin Jeanne Myers Henry & Elsie Sorgenfrei Paul Bartch H. & C. Daman Gary L. Desmond Messerschmidt Stephen W. Newberg Richard A. Sperduto Eleanor R. & Albert A. Bartlett Joycelyn Damita Dale Djerassi Michelle A. Kahan & Bob Fagan Mr. & Mrs. Joel Neymark Mr. & Mrs. Donald Stearns Caroline Blair Bauhaus & Mark A. Lisa G. Darling Leah Douglas & Mark A. Shaver Betty Kehler & Bob Pizey Georgiana & Kenneth Nielsen James Stevens Bauhaus Lois-Ellin Datta (4) Karen & Gary Douville Peter F. Kilkus Mr. & Mrs. Ford Northcut Sarah & Craig Stockwell Donna Baxter & W. Reese Beth & Jon Paul Davidson Karen & Brian Dunbar William A. Kint Open Door Foundation Nancy & Daniel L. Streiffert Bartlett & Ken Bekkedahl, in honor Marjorie H. & Louis K. Davis Katie & Brad Dunn Samuel Kjellman Patricia & Philip W. Osborne Mr. & Mrs. Joel Swift of Farley Sheldon Luan & Donald D. Davis E-Cube Inc. Kent Kleckner, Norwest Bank Chris Osborne Michael E. Sykes Jr. Maureen & Joe S. Benincasa Elizabeth & W. Mark Day, in Mrs. Charles B. Edison, in honor Laird Knight John Osgood Paulett & Ganson P. Taggart Mildred & Edward L. Bennett memory of Andrew Woodhouse of Farley Sheldon Margaret & Gordon Koshinsky Karen L. Ososki & Karl J. Earle Taylor Clurie W. Bennis Valentine Bill Eich Susan Krivin & David Ohanesian Ottenstein Elizabeth & Michael J. Thele Edwin M. Bentley Mary Dale & James E. Deacon Dr. & Mrs. Stan G. Eilers Kristin Kron & G. Theodore Davis Overly Construction Co. H. Virginia Thompson John Bentley Jeanne Deignan Kosmides & Priscilla Elder & Bob Lorenzen Charlotte Kurtz Margaret A. Ovitt & Edwin L. Linda & John A. Thornton, in Barbara & Lyle Bergquist George Kosmides Energy Plus, Inc Jean & Walter Lamb Card, in memory of the Tallgrass honor of Towles Lawson Barbara & Geoffrey Berresford Jon Dember Estimations, Inc. Mr. & Mrs. Thomas M. Lamm Prairie & Oak Savannahs of Caryn Y. Torikawa & Michael S. Laura & Joseph Bianchi Penny & Ross N. DePaola Marcia Feldkamp & Chuck Norlin Jill Lancelot & Michael P. Totten Illinois Morton Sandra & Archie L. Bickling Marilyn & Robert A. Derrickson, Ewan W. Fletcher Carolyn & C.T. Lange, in memory Joseph A. Padula, in memory of Christine & Dudley Tower Ron G. Billingsley Jr. Graham Contracting, Inc. of Michael S. Lange Angela Padula Mr. & Mrs. Tom Trask Elizabeth Bish Jacqueline & Michael S. Dersch Nancy E. Flint Greene & Joseph Witt I. Langstaff, Jr. Louise & William Pape Darla M. Tupper, In honor of Amrita S. Blaine & Owen B. Boom Mike Derzon W. Greene Ms. Eulah C. Laucks Edwin B. Parker Judith Steiner John Bliese Mari Sorensen Detrixhe Penney Floyd & Chuck Lakin Lois & Donald E. Laughlin Mr. & Mrs. Richard A. Parrish Dr. John C. Twombly Pat Block Chris N. Diver James R. Fox Ph.D Marlene & Normand M. Ernest Partridge, PhD Karen Tyner Rene & Delane Blondeau Michael P. Dix Martha & Ralph E. Frede Laurendeau John C. Peterson Ruth Komanoff Underwood Stuart Blood & Li Shen Paul D’Amato Karen Freedman & Roger E. Marian A. Lawrence Susan S-H Phillips Cheryl L. Vallone Anamaria Bonilla George W. Dombi Weisberg Judith & Robert G. Layton Jean Booth Pieretti Sally & John H. van Schaick Roy Bonnell, Jr. Frederick W. Drewes Mark Friedman Jonnie & William S. Lazarus Mr. & Mrs. Edward Everett Post Sam Vanderhoof Stephen Bonowski Marjorie Thompson Duck Annette & Frank X. Gallagher Mark Lentczner & John W. Simone & William B. Potter Gary Vaughn David W. Bostrom Dr. Hans Dumoulin, in memory of Joyce Gallimore & Sam Swanson Horigan Chris & David Potts Jane & David C. Villa Brian P. Boyer Hetty Dumoulin Dr. & Mrs. Kendall A. Gerdes Anthony M. Leofsky Dr. & Mrs. Robert H. Potts, Jr. Tim Wake Richard & Dorothy Bradley Maribeth Dunajski & Richard W. Mr. & Mrs. A. Robert Gerecke, Jr. Marvina Lepianka & Charles Kimiko & John G. Powers Robert M. Wall, Jr. Ronald Brand Caudill John S. Gerig Jaffee, with love & deep Diana Prechter & Kent Cole Frieda & Peter J. Wallison Verna & Jeff A. Brandt Michael Durisin Constance & Al Getman appreciation for family & Hope Hughes Pressman Wendy B. Walsh Jan Braverman Ben Dyer, in memory of Gary Barbara GibsonT & Dr. Franz friends, especially h Naomi Karen & Kenta H. Pressman Mr.n & Mrs. Everett Warner kWilliam J. Breed sSmith Baumann Nell F. LePla Mr. & Mrs. William R. Price Dr. Louise O. Warner Eleanor Brickham Bennett Dyke Edwin C. Glickman Barbara & John Lewington Rebecca R. Pritchard Dr. Barbara Warren Gloria Brinks-Schenck & Elias Marcia Earlenbaugh Cheryl & Steve Goldenberg Max Licher & Mike Bower Charles Purvis Nina & Kenneth M. Warren Brinks Wells Eddleman Prof. Richard H. Goodwin Dilip R. Limaye, in memory of Edith & J. Patrick Quinn Mr. & Mrs. Raymond D. Watts Hendrik J. Broekhoff Bruce J. Edgerly Ted L. Goudvis Sharon Limaye Gertrude & Daryl Reagan Dan Webb Katherine & Russell K. Brown Drew Ehrhardt Dale Gray Darcy & Steven Lober (2) Frances M. Rehwald Lynda J. & Douglas Weiser Lt. Col. & Mrs. Donald G. Carol & Chris Eisenbeis Daniel Greenberg Diana Lopez Barnett & John W. Andrea & Kelly Reiman Carolyn & Wendell Wendt Browning Kim & Evan D. Ela P. A. Greenberg Barnett R.E.M./Athens L.L.C. Peggy J. West Dennis J. Bryant Elyse Elliott & Jeremy Bernstein, Peter Greenberg Ethel Lossing & Randy Reynolds Sharon Kay Ricketts Don R. Westbrook Loretta Bussiere Esq. Deborah Greenspan (2) Linda L. Ritter Paul & Elena Westbrook Julie & Bruce Busta Patricia D. Elliott Sadja Greenwood, in memory of Louis Swiss Pastry Inc. - Aspen Bev & Bob Rittmeyer Mr. & Mrs. William E. Westerbeck Molly Butler Nancy & Ron Erickson the passenger pigeon Henry J. Louis Peter B. Ritz & Carrie Macklin Ritz Mr. & Mrs. Randall Williams Mary A. Butler & Peter T. L. Lane Esposito Richard L. Grossman Margaret & Daniel S. Lynch Mr. & Mrs. Nelson B. Robinson, in Phoebe Williams Baumann Joann & Stephen Estabrook Margaret B. Gruger Joel Makower & Randy memory of Anne & Phil Weld Billie Ann & Sam K. Williams Gregorio M. Camacho II Kim & Marshall Evans Donna & Roger L. Gwinnup Rosenberg Larry Rockefeller Jerelyn & Alex Wilson Beverly A. Campbell Daniel M. Everett Margie & John Haley Craig S. Mankowski Mr. & Mrs. Phillip Ronniger Peter M. Wilson Jr. Mark Campbell Dorothy K. & John T. Fankhauser Bruce Hammond Rebecca & John Mann Rina Rosenberg & Bill Wodehouse Builders Ralph O. Canaday, Jr. Lisa Farber Miller & David Miller John W. Hancock, III Lynn Marek & Richard Stout Witherspoon Katherine & Russell Wortley Tom Cannarella Marvin Feldman Hildegarde K. Hannum Jan & Robert A. Marker Paul Rothkrug, in honor of The Barbara & Gilbert Wynn Gary L. Cannon Elizabeth & Mark D. Feuer Daniel E. Hardin Ruth & Don Marsh, in honor of Herman Family Brian Ziegler Fritjof Capra Norman Finkelstein Katharine & Goodwin W. Harding, Marie Heffernan Jeanne B. Roy John S. Zinner Terry Caulfield John Fisher in memory of Philip & Anne Miriam & William A. Marshall Anita E. Russel Cynthia Chapman Avis & Jeff Fisher Weld Dorothy & Robert G. Massey Frank Russell ASSOCIATES Peter Chapman Harry S. Flamm Elizabeth B. Hart & Chris Coulling Kim Massie Susan & James Sajo $1–$99 Annie Chappell Newell Flather Irene T. Hedstrand Karen & Steven L. Mast Hope J. Sass Lynn Chong Donald J. Fleisher Susan & Robert L. Helm Susan & Robert J. McCarty Linda & John Sawyer Anonymous (13) Heidi J. Christiansen Kim & David Floria Mr. & Mrs. Reese H. Henry Elizabeth Anne McCleary & James P. Schaeffer, in memory of Robert S. Abbott Maura & Jim R. Christoph Karen Florini Emily & Numa C. Hero, III Michael Fagan Dane Rudhyar Stella Acevedo-Ignots & Steven P. Victoria & John F. Clancy Nancy Flynn-Silva (2) Molly K. Hiatt Jean & Joel McCormack Barbara Jean Schickler & George Ignots Theresa & Rodney K. Clar y Eugene Forish Anne Hillman & George E. McFlynn, Pickett & Whitsitt Lawrence William T. Achor Jane & Roger G. Clausen Alex Forrester & Associates Comstock Nancy & Richard W. McGowan Marilyn & Michael G. Schooling Laurel & John Adam Wyncia Clute Dottie Fox John Hirschi Warren McNaughton Dr. & Mrs. Peter Schulze R. Bruce Adams Miles Clyde Tom Franks Laurie K. Ho Meridian Arts Cathleen & Peter Schwartz Dorothy & David S. Allen Dr. & Mrs. John Cobb Judi & Lou Friedman Olivia & Harrison Hoblitzelle Keith R. Merkel Sherman Selden Thomas J. Allen Rich Cochran Merrill K. Furlow Melinda J. Hodge Dr. & Mrs. Jay G. Merriam Frances Senska Marty Ames & Steve Hach (2) Ilene & Daniel R. Cohen Marjorie & Brian Gaffikin H. Richard Holt Margarita & Donald J. Metzger Dr. & Mrs. John W. Severinghaus Dorothy H. Anderson William L. Collins Stuart R. Gaffin Mark Horowitz Gail & Andrew L. Meyer Suzanne & Van Shafer Kathryn & Gregg Anderson (continued on next page)

14= VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER SPRING 1999

(continued from previous page) James R. McCrea, in honor of Marcia Rapatz & Gregory Nolan Kathy & Martin Stern Lynn & S. George Vincentnathan David Thoreau Heloise Rathbone & David N. Gordon W. Stewart M.Sc. Jacquelyn J. Viviano Michael Gallaty Barbara & Tom Keenan Maria & John C. McKeown Sears Ernest Stiltner Chantal & Hans-Werner Wabnitz Robert H. Gardiner, Jr. Mildred & Carl P. Keiser, Jr. William C. McKinley John R. Reed Edna J. Stokes Wayne Waggoner Paul Gardner Christopher L. Keleher Tim McMurphy Kenneth Regelson Duncan Storlie Ruth S. Wagner Mr. & Mrs. George G. Gardner Elizabeth & William W. Kellogg Eean McNaughton Joseph E. Reid Kathryn Stowe & Moby Wile P. Leslie Walker Rev. & Mrs. David M. Garrett Sybil Kelly Phymien Meach & Michael Gene M. Reimer Rena M. Strahl Erika D. Walker & Donald Paris Geiken & Scott Toll Mrs. Kathleen L. Kent Andrews Jill & Charles N. Reiter Mark Stromdahl Weinshenker Glen Gelinas Susan Kerns Durnell & D. T. Robert S. Means Neil Rest Kent Strumpell Josephine & Eugene Walkowiak Carol N. Gerlitz Durnell Anthony Meleo, in honor of Jack Rice Nancy & Byron W. Stutzman Walter Library Christina & Gene GeRue Joanne & Robert J. Kerr Josephine Meleo Rachel E. Richards Sunheart Mr. & Mrs. Glen R. Ward Dan Gibson Helen J. Kessler John E. Menger Al Richardson Julie & Harry Swain Emma Coulter Ware Julia & Raymond A. Giolitto Sat Guru Kaur Khalsa Meso Dr. John M. Richardson, Jr. Richard L. Sweeney James S. Weinberg Mary & Mark F. Giorgetti Nathan Kipnis Nation Meyer Catherine & David A. Richie Lisa W. Symons Susan M. Weisman Joe Gleason Leah & Andrew D. Kirk Connie & Philip Micklin Ralph E. Ricketts Judith A. Tandy Pamela & Rom P. Welborn Theresa & Ben Gleason Loretta & Allan Kiron Douglas Miller Dan Ridgeway Melissa Tatem Larry H. Welch Alice Jean & George E. Gless Philip W. Klein Dennis W. Mollard, D.D.S. Edward I. Riegelhaupt James & Beverly Taylor Lois I. & Darrell G. Wells Marshall Glickman Mary & Tony J. Klein Judy Montgomery Ralph E. Rigdon Donna Theall William H. Wheeler Robert K. Gloy Catherine & Paul E. Knoop, Jr. Michael S. Moody Linda M. Rightmire Beverly & Edward M. Thomas John Whitaker Barbara A. & Howard N. Debora & Neil Kolwey Steven Moreau Richard Riseling Beth & Richard Thompson- Virginia J. Whitcomb Goldsmith Mr. & Mrs. E. L. Kopecky Frank A. Moretti Robin & David S. Rittenhouse Tucker Mark White Linda K. Good H. Koshimsky John Morse Jeff Robarts Phyllis & Robert H. Throm Dr. Mary-Alice White Lilly Goodman Shellie Rae Kovaleski Tatyana & Milton Moss Lois B. Robbins Ralph L. Toren Larry Whitesell Lion Goodman Kraft Builders Inc. Pamela Mounce-Glaze Douglas S. Robbins Trans-Pacific Resources C. Kenneth Whitley Gopher Gardens Patricia & Douglas A. Kramer Suzanne & John Moyer Jill Robinson Susan M. Treu Beth Whitney-Teeple Ph.D. & Robert A. Gordon Pamela & Steven B. Kreis Cheryl & David A. Mulder, in Charles Rose Mr. & Mrs. W. Henry Tucker Robert A. Whitney DVM, in Mr. & Mrs. S. William Gouse Millicent & Warren W. Krughoff memory of Greg Porter Linda Rose & Eldon Haines Laurie Turrell Ward honor of Burnette Sheffield Carl H. Graham Richard Kuehner Richard Murray Marc Rosenbaum Twin Oaks Community O. J. Whittemore Thomas E. Green Lorene T. Kuimelis, in honor of Linda & Frederick Muschenheim Melinda N. Ross David R. Twitchell Lynn & Kevin Wika Hope Greer Clara Lee Vandervoort Carol L. Nash & John N. Eckman Paul Rothkrug A. Ruthe Tyson, in honor of Consuelo & Jeffrey A. Wilkinson Joseph Griffin Michael Kunkel Edward J. Nelson, Jr. John Rubel Rosemary & Bernice Turnage Simon William Col. Wesley A. Groesbeck Randolph Laatsch Alan Ness Ellen Rubinstein Mr. & Mrs. John M. Ugles John K. Williams Linda K Gronlund Victoria & Vernon M. Ladd Laura Newman Barbara Rullan Dahlberg & Allan R. Ulrich, in memory of Robin Willits John G. Guffey, Jr. J.B. Lamont Dr. Morris J. Nicholson Kenneth A. Dahlberg Lucile Ulrich Margaret A. Winter Donald Halford Dr. & Mrs. Richard K. Lange George Nievergelt Carol Rundlett United Way Combined Fed Gregory Wolfe Prof. C. Bruce Hall Louise & Richard LaRosa P.E. Mr. & Mrs. Robert Nordham (2) Edward C. Russell Campaign of Umatilla Co. William S. Woodruff David M. Halpern Mark Larsen Deborah & John Norris, In Mr. & Mrs. Gary D. Sabula Mary & John C. Urbach W. Shane Woodruff Curtis Hamilton Bradley J. Larson memory of Geraldine B. Norris Hans A. Sack Judith & Terry R. Valen Margarette & David B. Wristen Vera & John M. Hamm Christopher Larson John C. Norris Joan Safford Elin & Stuart Taylor Valentine Debbie & David Yaskulka Cheryl &T Nakhle F. Hanna Katherine & hLee E. Larson Barr y Northropa Kernry L. Schaefer, in memory of kMarie Valleroy & Alan Locklear sCathy & Thomas J. Young Dr. Yvonne M. Hansen Douglas A. Latimer Jennifer & Philip O. Nubel Jacob T. Schaefer H. D. Vanderschaaf Alan Young Bruce Hanson Judith & William C. Lee Patrick E. O'Dell W. Ralph Schaefer Bernard Veuthey Mr. & Mrs. Peter Zauner Mr. & Mrs. William Harris Robin Leenhouts Irene K. Ogawa Judith & Mark S. Schaffer Anne Vickery Holly A. Zimmerman K. Charles Hartranft Timothy E. Lehane William E. Oneill Meyer Scharlack Monty Villere Cheri & Michael Hassett Robert T. Leibfried Bruce Oneto Betty Jane & Arthur M. Dale A. Hawley Marion & Warren P. Leonard Althea & Patrick F. O’Connor Schlachter Patricia Hawley William L. Lermond William S. O’Donnell, Jr. Mimi Schlumberger Marian & Glenn Head Geoffrey H. Lester Michael Opitz Edward Schmitt SECURING Carl L. Henn Paul A. Leveille Yevrah Ornstein Paul Schneider Philip M. Henry Ann & George K. Levinger Bob Oswald Claire Schosser THE FUTURE John Hermanson Deborah K. Lindell & Donald Susan O’Terra Foster & John Doug Schwartz Robyn & Andrew Hidas Butler Lee Foster Maria & Lewis J. D O N O R S James J. Higgins David N. Little Suzanne M. Owens & Douglas Schwartzkopf Gloria & Bennie L. Hildebrand Elizabeth A. Littler K. Pike Mr. & Mrs. Gary Schwarzman BENEFACTORS FRIENDS Dean J. Himmelreich Leslie Phillips Livingston & Robert F. Paashaus Grace & Cyril J. Scripps $10,000 AND OVER $100–$499 Nancy & Clinton Hinman David Dawes Miller M.D., in Byron Anthony Papa Peter Seh Nancy Hirshberg memory of Gregg Miller Joseph T. Parisi David Sensiper Hunter & Amory Lovins Diane A. Apfelbaum & Richard Thomas E. Hitchins AIA Robert W. Lockhart Virginia M. Parker Dr. & Mrs. Edward M. Shepard C. Goodwin Art Hobson Patricia Logan Donn R. Parsons George Sherling, in memory of SUSTAINERS Michael Cummings Nicolette Hodgson Ethel Lossing & Randy Reynolds Alan Patterson Michael & Sadelle Sherling $5,000–$9,999 Christine & Derek Denniston Katharyn & Roland Hok Nancy Lovendahl & Scott Gary Patton Barbara Shoemaker Robert F. Fox Stuart B. Holoman Keating Linda K. Paulman Julie Shular & Van Royce Mary & Myron Curzan Robin & Mike Hoy Katherine R. Hopkins Frances & Robert F. Ludwig, in Lisa & Belden H. Paulson Vibber Helen & James T. Mills Denise A. Jurgens & Kevin Professor A.J. Horn & Lucinda memory of Sumner Richards Nicola Peill Katina Skedros-Temme & Diana & Jonathan F.P. Rose Messerschmidt H. Fesbach, in memory of Rae Olin Luskin Gregory K. Penniston D.C. David H. Temme Jean & Walter Lamb Ruth T. Horn Beth MacCready & Gregg Bigsby C. Mary & Ivan Perisic Sheldon Skolfield SUPPORTERS Dorothy McCorkle Rebecca & Eric A. Houghton Michael L. MacDonald Claire S. Perricelli Stan Slaughter $2,500–$4,999 Joseph A. Padula, in memory Katherine L. Houston Ann & Alfred Mackay Hugh Perrine Barbara W. Smith of Angela Padula Miriam Huelsmann Leslie P. Madsen Patricia & Michael Petelle Dr. David Lyle Smith Fox Family Foundation Susan Reinhart-Wrons & D. W. Hunt Renate Mairie Lisa Lee & Clifford Peterson Debra L. Smith Ralph J. Wrons Logan L. Hurst Judith & John Malamut Elsie & Charles C. Petty Gare Smith PATRONS Seward Weber George Huston Michael J. Manetas Diana & Gary G. Phelps Shane Smith $1,000 - $2,499 Michael P. Hydro Gregory Manter Ina & Mason M. Phelps T.K. Smith John C. Fox ASSOCIATES Mikal Innerarity Jeanne & Rick Mariani Elaine & Steve Pike Joy Sleizer $1–$99 Caulton Irwin Leslie Mark & Skylar Rousseau Dr. Franz P. Reichsman Mr. & Mrs. David C. Pinkham Louise & Florian R. Betty Tom & Justin K. Wagner Dixie & Maan Jawad Ramona & Jim Markalunas Jean & James F. Pletcher Smoczynski Elaine Armstrong Jane & William S. Jennings Constance & David O. Marlow Steven R. Plotnick Nicholas Sofios Markell Brooks Linda & Scott Jiusto Betty Carolyn & Charles SPONSORS Claudia Polsky Larry Sollman $500 - $999 Barbara J. Hibbard Vikki L. Johnson Martindale Peter Polson Louis Spartin Katherine L. Houston Glen Johnson Marcia L. & Stephen P. Roseanna & Drew F. Pontz Geraldine St. Onge Joanne Hay & Wayne Cogswell Mary Alice & Rollin C. Ives Martha & Harry C. Johnson Martinson Darren Port Bob Stack Hensley & James D. Peterson Barbara & Irwin Linden, in Phillip H. Jones John Paul Masone Mark Porter, in honor of Tracy Elaine V. Stannard memory of Dr. Chuck Morris Maggie Jones Henry Masterson Porter Leslie & Patrick J. Stansberry Amiee Marciniak Debora & Keith Kaback Robert Mathews Donna Power Ellen M. Stapenhorst Sharon Walker Mary J. Kahn Lee F. Mc Clune Premena Molly Stentz Mr. & Mrs. Gerald R. Irene Karns & Wiley Cawthra Richard McAnany, II Natalie Provo Julia Sterling Whitcomb Joseph J. Kearns June & Taylor McConnell

VOLUME XV NUMBER 1 15 SPRING 1999 ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER

W I N D S TAR LAND CONSERVANCY DONORS

Cynthia Collino Larry Lawtrea BENEFACTORS ASSOCIATES IN MEMORY OF Beth Compas Delores Leon $10,000–$24,999 $1–$99 Patti Conolly Katrina Lichtenfels JOHN DENVER Kathleen Corcoran Luis Mahecha The National Arbor Day Nancy A. Barish Katherine Deerwester Cheryl L. Markvart Foundation Ellen Bigelow PATRONS Renee Justice Standley Anne E. Deimler Haley Martorano Paulette R. Burgess J.D. $1,000–$2,499 Tom Stevens Carol Ann & John Demetrio Cathy Mays PATRONS Diane and Frank J. Busateri, Jr. Florence & John E. Stewart Colleen Duffy Stocker & Robert Teena M. Merth $1,000–$2,499 (3) Cheryl Acheson-Slaughter & Stocker Sam Muhamad Katherine Deerwester William Slaughter ASSOCIATES Tisa & Ike Dziadzio Donna Mysior Unicorn Balloon Company of Donna J. Doner, in honor of $1–$99 Jolene Eckart Kevin O'Brien Colorado, Inc. David Dunn SPONSORS Pat & Kim Faley Mary O’Donnell Vicki Furlan $500–$999 Angie Antiguera Peggy Faley Jenny Patel SPONSORS Robin & Gregg A. Greenstein, in Anne R. Avril & Daniel Haifley $500–$999 John Fary Doug Paviluk honor of Jeananne Wright and Commercial Capitol Corporation Margaret Baccarelli Doreen Faulkner Peter Pavlacka Chantal Harvey Grace & Bryan T. Bailey (6) Donna L. Axmacher Frances & Thomas Fike Barbara & William T. Peterson Karlyn and Larry E. Hicks (3) FRIENDS David Baker M. Fojut Joanne Phelan Lynne Irish $100–$499 Nancy A. Barish Vicki Furlan Gayle & Tom Reichert FRIENDS Wanda & Edward T. Kollar Arlene Bassarab $100–$499 Karier Gaby & Spithoven Roland Mark Reuter Sally Lambertus Pam Beasley, Annalisa Berns Brian Gallagher Wendy Rhoads Joann O'Toole Pamala Bistel (2) Ellen Bigelow Donna L. Axmacher Zimmie R. Goings Linda Rivello Debra Sanderson Anne Brown Stella Bishop Jill & John G. Hart Patricia & Larry K. Good John Russo Janet Wakeman Barbara & Gerald B. Christenson Blue Moon Hair Design Lois & Tom Sando Vickie L. Hersh Susan Savas Richard Colyer Florette Bodmer Karlyn and Larry E. Hicks (3) Barbara Setaro James R. Custer Michelle Bohman Barbara Hoehn Sapna Shirke Special Thanks… Barbara M. Fleming (2) Julie P. Bollinger Lynne Irish Cindy Smith T hMarie A.a Grosshuesch & John Danan Breininger kChris Johnson sWilliam Stroz …to Camille Lione of Designer Con- Mead Diane & Joe A. Brownlee Bonnie Johnson Janice & Daniel M. Suttner Jill & John G. Hart Paulette R. Burgess J.D. Gail Jurgens Andrea Tricarico signer in Basalt, CO, who waived her fees Nancy A. Holloway Bill Burkhardt Linda Kays Ann Waytho to broker an anonymous donation of Richard Holmes Diane and Frank J. Busateri, Jr. Allison Kenay (2) Rita V. Weaver Jane E. Manning (3) Matthew Kilgallon Karen Webster desks and couches to the Windstar an- Kerry & Ricki Newman Damian Bycsek Robert King Debbie Wenzel nex. Den i z ens who suffered the indigni- Marcelle Orswell Sally Cadwallader Skip Knittel Rich Wierer Lauree D. Padgett Melanie Campbell Wanda & Edward T. Kollar Cynthia & Lawrence Woytowicz ties of the old naugahyde couch under- Diane M. Palumbo Margaret & Maria Casolaro Kim Lacey stand the magnitude of this gift. Lucille & Maury Rice Mr. & Mrs. Robert W. Child Clara Lavallo Lois & Tom Sando James Clanton Denise Lawlor