A History of Lehigh County

Home , Grist, Jacob Weiss, John Moyer, Lehigh Gap, Lehigh Valley, Little Lehigh Creek

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\ HISTORY

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Lehigh . County . Pennsylvania

From The Earliest Settlements to The Present Time including much valuable information

FOR THE USE OF THE

ScDoolSt Families ana Cibrarics,

James J. Hauser.

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Emaus, Pknna., TIMES PURIJSHING CO.

1 901, b^V THF LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Two Copies Recfived AUG. 31 1901 COPYBIOHT ENTRV

^LASS<^M

COPY A/

Entered according to Die Act of Congress, in the year 1901,

By JAMES J. HAUSER, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

Page ol, Popnlatioii not Populatirn. . Page 39, the Daily Leader of Ailentown, omitted. Page 88, Rev. .Solomon Neitz's E. name omitted. Page i)2,The second column of area of square miles should begin with Hanover township and not with Heidelberg.

^ INTRODUCTION

i It is both interesting and instructive to study the history of our fathers, to ^ fully understand through what difficulties, obstacles, toils and trials they went to plant settlements wliich struggled up to a position of wealth and prosperity. y These accounts of our county have been written so as to bring before every

youth and citizen of our county, on account of the growth of the population, its resources, the up building of the institution that give character and stability to the county. It has been made as concise as possible and everything which was thought

to be of any value to the youth and citizen, has been presented as best as it could be under the circumstances and hope that by perusing its pages, many facts of interest can be gathered that will be of use in future years. Hoping that any shortcomings ot the work will be kindly passed by, by a generous public.

It is now j)reseuted to the public for its careful perusal and that the youth of our country will be benefitted thereby, and that the teachers of our public schools will find much valuable aid of which the author has tried to gather while engaged in the schoolroom, and that by perusing its pages the grand principle of patriotism and love of country will be instilled into the minds of our youth which will never be forgotten.

In preparing this work I acknowledge the assistance ofaid given by Profs. Ru{)p, the county supt. of .schools, J. O. Knauss of the Department of Public In- struction, Clinton A. Mohr of the Emaus Times, Mr. Steltz and others. This volume is now dedicated to the teachers, pupils and fellow citizens of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania,

ll»01. Em.mv, Pkxn'a , May 11, J. J. Hauser. CHAPTER I. Treaties with the Indians. e^EHIGIi COUNTY embraces the beautiful Kittatiiiiiy Valley, lying between 4 the Lehigh or South Mountains on the south and Blue Mountains on the ^ north, which is dotted with thriving towns and villages, fertile fields, laiuning streams of water flowing through every part of the valley, making the Swil very productive, also part of the beautiful and romantic Lehigh Valley stretching along the Lehigh Kiver, and the fertile Saucon Valley south of the Lehigh or South Mountains. The advent of the white settler and his adventures with the Indians are full of incidents and hairbreadth escapes showing at a glance that our forefathers had to undergo the same trials and cares as his western friend had in building up the country. The Aborigines or Indians living in what is now Le- high county were the Minsies or Delaware tribe of Indians, who were the owners of our beautiful and fertile Lehigh county. It was undoubtedly included in the second jmrchase of land from the Indians. It will perhaps be of interest to the reader to know the diffeient purchases and what was acquired at each.

The first purchase of land was made in 1G82 by William Markham, Deputy Governor of the colony, before the arrival of Penn, this included the country between the Neshaniiny Creek and Delaware River to Wrightstown, and Upper Wakefield.

The second and thiid purchases were made by William Penn hi:nself and included the land along the Pahkehoma (Perkiomen). In 1G86, it is claimed another treaty was made with the Indians, but no copy of the treaty is known to exist. The treaty of 1684 was made by William Penn and Maughaughsin (Macungie), the leading chief of tlie Delawares, and was for a consideration of two Matchcoats, four pairs of Stockings and four bo.tks of Sider. The Indian deed is as follows:

"Upon my own desire and free offer, I, IVJaughaughsin, in cousideratio'i of two Matchcoats, four pairs of Stockings and four bottles of Sider, do hereby grant, make over all my land upon the Pahkehoma, to Willian) Penn, Propr. and Gov- ern'r of Pennsylvania and territories, his heirs and Assignees forever, with which I own myself satisfied and promise never to molest any Christian so call d yt shall seat thereon by his orders. Witness my hand and seal at Philadelphia ye third day of ye fourth month 168L The mark of INhuighauirhsin. Signed, sealed and delivered in the prerfcnee of u;?, Philip Thomas Lehman, Thomas Hohnes, John Davers, George Emlin. The Indians removing beyond the Blue Mountains, only a fiew remaining on their old hunting grounds, the beautiful Kittatiuny Valley.

The purchase of 1686 was said to include all the land beginning at the line of the former purchases to as far northwest ae a man could ride in two days, but as no copy of the treaty was ])reserved, the claim was disputed by the Indians, and the purchase utulecidcd. but settlers began to flock into the new region which they had supposed was purchased from the Indians, who believc^d thai their rights were

being encroached upon held -ieveral meetings with the proprietors of the colony to fix definitely the limits of the ceded territory. The first meeting was held in Durham, several miles below Easton, 1784. The second meeting wa^s held at Pennsbury, 1735, and the last meeting was held at

Philadelphia, which resulted i'l an agreement that the treaty of 1686 should be followed, and the purchase should be decided in a novel way, namely, the colony of Pennsylvania should receive as much land as was included in a line drawn northwest from a point at Wriglilstown as a man could walk in a day and a half This treaty is known as the "Walking purchase," subsequent to the treaty, the proprietors caused a trial walk to be made to ascertain what amount of land could be obtained, this trial walk was made in April 1735, and the trees along the route were bhized so that the parties engaged in making the walk deciding the ownership of the land would have the advantage of a marked pathway. So when the treaty was signed August 25th, 1737, the Receiver General of the colon v, James Steel, secured the man who held out best in the trial walk. Edward Marshall, who with James Yeat(S and Solomon Jennings all noted for their power of endurance, one of whom the champion of the trial walk. The sheriff of Bucks county Timothy Smith and John Chapman the surveyor, accompanied the two walkers provided their meals etc. The time set for the walk according to the treaty was September 12th, 1737 but was posponed until September 19th. It had been agreed that the Indians should send .some of their young men along to see that the walk was fairly made. The compensation for eacli of the walkers was 5 pounds in money and 500 acres of land. The point of starting was at a large chestnut tree near the fork of the Pennsville and Durham roads at the meeting hou.se in Washington, Bucks county, very cIok' to the Markham purchase. The three walkers stood close to

the tree their hands resting upon it, and as the sun ro.se. sheriff Smith gave the signal for starting. The route was as straight as could possibly be on account of the ground and obstructions in the way, led along the Durham road. Yeates led the way with an ea.sy step, followed by Jenniugs with two Indian walkers followed by Marshall at a distance swinging a hatchet and walking with an easv and careless s:ep. In 2i hours they reached Red Hill, Bedminster, where they took dinner with Wilson the Indian trader, Durham creek to where the old furnace stood was followed and crossed the Lehigh a mile below Bethlehem at Jones Island, passed to the Blue Ridge at Smith Gap, Moore township, Northampton couniy, slept at night on the northern side of the mountain, reluming to their work at sunrise the next morn- iiig aiul coiicliided tiK'ir walk al noon. Maisliall alone lield out and tliruw himself, his whole length npou the ground and grasped a small tree which was marked as the end of the lin '. Jennings was the first one to give out ai)out 2 miles north of

Tohickon and followed the others slowly till the Lehigh Kiver was reached. He left them there and wtni to his home on whit is now the Geissinger farm a few miles nortli of Bethlehem, what is now Salisbury township, where he lived for 20 years after. He was a famous hunter and woodsman, one of his sons, John Jennings was sheriff of Northampton county in 1702 to 1768. Yeates gave out at the foot of the mountain on the (norning of ihe st-cond day, when picked up was nearly hlind and died 3 d lys after. While Marshall the champion walker was not the least injured by exertion, lived to be 79 years old, dying in Tiniciim, Bucks county. The Indians were dissatisfied with thn walk and fre'jMently said to the walkers that they should not run and were so disgusted with the walk, that they left before it was completed. The distance walked was about 611 miles. When the end of the line had been reached in a northwest direction, it still had to be run to the Del- aware River, which made another disagreement between tlie Proprietors and Indians, the Indians thought that the line would be drawn in a straight line to the river from the nearest point but they ran the line at right angles reaching the river at the Lax- awaxon, making about twice as much territory as the other way, the survey embraced nearly all the land between the forks of the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers, including all the land south of the Blue Mts., comprising 500,000 acres of land. The Receiver General, James Steel, wrote to a friend of his in 1737, said that it took 4 days to walk from the upper end of the "Long Walk" (day and a half) and very little good land for settlement was to be seen.

This walking purchase as it was called gave a great deal of dissatisfaction to the Indians and was one of the principle causes of the council held at Easton in 1750 where it was ably discussed. The complaint of the Indians was 1st, that the walkers walked to fast, 2nd, that the walkers should have stopped to shoot game and smoke, 3rd, that they should have walked as the Indians do when on a hunt, 4l!), that the line was not drawn to the river as it should have been drawn, 5lh, they claimed the line should have been drawn from the nearest point to the river, 6th, accu.«ed the Proprietors of trickery and dishonesty. Whether true or not, '"the Walking purchase" drew upon them the hatred

of the Indians and was the beginning of a feeling which was fanned into stirring events a generation later creating great havoc among the settlers in the region now composed of the counties of Lehigh Northampton and Carbon. CHAPTER II.

The First White Men.

qLEHIGH (\)ITNTY was a part of Bucks county, hence one of tlie three original

4: counties established in 1682, hence its first settlers were for the most part set- rf tiers who pushed noithward. The first white men who came within the present limit ot Lehigh county were the traders in the seventeenth century, who came and went, transacting their business with the Indians, sometimes creating animosity between Indians and white men. As early as 1701, these men were brought to the notice of the Proprietors by the troubles they made, the same time the Seneca Ind- ians niade incursions in view of harassing the more peaceful Delawares.

The first settlement within the present limits of the county was made near the Swamp Church, Lower Milford, in 1715 by some German emigrants, as is siiown by tiie inscription upon an old stone building which bears the above date.

The first settlement ot which an authentic knowledge is known, was made in 1730, in the Lehigh Valley. In 1734, the whole was thrown open for settlement.

When the newly arrived .settlers from Germany began to flock thither, that the set- tlf rs were enterprising is shown that they began to secure good roads, as early as

1735, the emigrants came rapidly to the county so when it became a |)art of Nor- thampton County in 1752, it had po{)ulatii)n of 2800 souls, as f(»llows: Milford, 700, Upper Saucon, 650, Macungie, 650, Whitehall, 800, includiog about 200 which resid- ed in Hanover making the entire number 3000.

In 1773 some thirty years after the first settlement liad been made, the coun- tyshowed great improvements as can be seen by the following nuniber of acres of cleared land in what is now Lehigh County namely, 37,394, 8,869 acres ofgrain, 886 farmer?. Slowly and si »wly the red man receded before the coming of the white man, as few Indians were remaining in what is now Lehigh Co., after 1740. They had nearly all passed beyond the Blue Mountains, only here and there a family or imlividual In lian i-emained in tent upon some chosen spot on the ancient hunting ground. One of chief of these was Kolapechka an old chief residing on the creek which bears his name, Coplay. He was on friendly terms with his white neighbors and waa frequently employed by the government to carry messages and act as interpreter. The last Indian liviiiij in the (;ounty was in 1742, when the last of the Delawares was compelled to remove from this ngion to the Wyoming Valley.

After that date it was still ihc common custom of the Indians to come from the north and pass down into Lehigh and wander much as they chose to do in former times, when they were at peace with the other tribes of Indians. They l)rought usually game and peltry for trading purposes and purchased such articles as they needfd for their primitive life in the forest. But after the second Indian laid tlu'v were never seen any mnre. CHAPTER III. Indian Raids.

the first Indian raid 1755, the settlers escaped the Indians wr.ith, which fell so JN furiously upon the settlers of Carhon and Northampton, which re.«idted in the massacres of the Moravians in Carbon Co., and other atrocious murders. One

of the principal cause of the raid was the Walking Purchase of 1737, which it seems to the Indians ever to be a dissatisfaction, and which seems to have been the chief influence for it. But the defeat of Braddock in 1755, ofierated powerfully as a stimulus in the minds of the red man, arousing hatred and incite murderous desire. So when peace was made in 1758, it gave a sense of relief to the settlers again which lasted for about five years. When the conspiracy of the powerful chief Pontiac incited once more their hatred for the white [)e )pie, and which had much to do with the Indian raids of

1768 in the county and the massacres of a number of settlers. As it seems that the settlers in Whitehall were entirely innocent having always treated the Indians with kindness in their dealings with them.

It seems if the Indians had lost confidence in the descendents of Penn, whoie memory they revered. They may have longed for regaining their ancient hunting grounds. It is doubtful if they would have commenctd hostilities against the settlers if they had not been incited by the French. It was they more than any others that provoked the conflict between the white and Indians,

The first war was prov<)ked by the intrigues of the French, in which thecol- ony of Pennsylvania was involved with the red man. The French knew very well that by securing the aid of the Indians as allies living in Pennsylvania there was a chance of carrying on succesjfully their military operations in the Ohio Valle}, for that reason they flattered and cajoled the Delawares and other tribes of Indians.. This course of action had the effect of winning the allegiance frotn the English and was the cause of many deeds of bloodshed in the white settlements of the frontier.

The massacre of Guadenhiitten led to others nearer at home on tlie south side of the mountain. Every day some new murder was committed by the wily Indian. The wlicle frontier was in a state of alarm, settlers began t<) forsake their homes fleeing to more secure places. The people at Bethlehem were in susi)ense as they had seen the lu- rid glare beyorid the mountains made by the buring of the buildings and knew that bad news awaited them. The first news of the massacre came after Jiiidnight by those who fled from the disaster, during the day, eight while settlers and from 80 to 40 Indian Brethern including men, women and children arrived from New Gnad- enhutten at Bethlehem. From this time for .'everal days the people of the remot'3 settlements began to flock to the more secure settlements abandoning everything. They wore jill filled with the wildest alarm many coming only with cnoiigli cloth- ing to shield their bodies from the cold, while all were destitude of the necessities of life. Hundreds of farms were abandoned in Lehigh and Northampton counties by their occupants. They were kindly cared for by the Brethern at Bethleliem and other places. The following are some of the incidents of the Indian raids in Whitehall. There were Indian villages near Hchnecksville on Laurence Troxell's land James Scheuerer, Hilarius Kernal and Jerry Kuhns, numerous burial grounds of the red men are found in ihe above vicinity. The relation between the settlers and the Indians were of the most friendly character. But after Braddock's disastrous defeat in 1755, the hatred of the Ind- ians was aroused and the settlers were constantly disturbed, before retiring at night, often went out with rifle in hand, ascend some high knoll near his house to look for blazing cottages, they were kept in constant alarm till 1758, when peace was made, which lasted till 1768, when the troubles broke out anew. One of the main causes of the Whitehall massacres were as "Heckewelder says. That some Indians who had come to Bethlelienj in the summer ofl 763 to trade, when returning, they stopped at John Stenton's tavern, Allen township, Northamp- ton county over night, the pl'ice being about 8 miles from Bethlehem, where they were badly treated and robbed of some of their most valuable articles they had purchased, returning to Bethlehem, they lodged complaints with a justice of the peace who gave them a letter in which he strongly urged that they should return the Ind- ians' property to their owners. But instead of getting their property they were driv- en from the house, this they did, meeting some other Delaware Indians on the banks of the Susquehanna who had been treated in the same way. They resolved to take revenge in their own way for the insult they had received as soon as their nation would make war upon the colonists. Captain J. N. Wetherhold with his soldiers murdered Zachary, his wife and

little child and a woman named Zippora in Aug. 1763, near the Lehigh Gap. Zach- ary was a friendly Indian who had come to adjust the difficulties and while engag-

ed in this act of humanity, was killed like a dog. These and many others like the above led the Indians to take the war path.

Among the first places they attacked was iStenton's tavern and killed all the inmates among which was Captain Wetherhold who had claimed he was Vulnera- ble (kuglefest). They robbed the house of every thing from there they went to the house of Andrew Hazlett who tried to defend his home but was killed with his fam-

ilv, from there they went to the homes of James Allen and Philip Kratzer which they plundered. Undoubtedly the inmates had heard of the Hazlett's tragedy and

lied. The Indians now proceeded to the Whitehall settlements in true Indian style. On October 8, 1763, a bright and beautiful autumn day a small band of Ind- ians crossed the Lehigh at Whitehall fresh from their attack on the settlers in All-

( n township, and went to John J. Mickley's place finding three of his children in the woods gathering chestnut^, killed two of them, from there they went to the homes of Hans Snyder and Nicholas Marks, killing Snyder, his wife and three children, wounding two daughters of Snyder leaving both for dead, and one of then) taken 8

captive nnd never restored. Ti;e daughters recoveiod from tlieir wounds. The Assembly passed a bill for their relief as they were very fjoor, never afterwards en- joyed good health the one that was scalped was a pitiable sight to see with her scalped head. The Mickley's children that had been killed were bniied at the loot of a large chestnut tree, the place being still pointed out where they had been buried.

Nichohis Marks' family escaped, they had seen tl'.e Indians coming. The Indians

set fire to their house and among others of the settlers that were killed by the Ind- ians were Jacob Alleman's wife and child who were found dead in the road scalped. The number of settlers that were killed were twenty, the others escaped flee-

ing and well preserved, it is a substantial stone building strongly built, having heavy walls to serve for other purposes than merely for a ordinary dwelling, was built

in 1760, adjoining the same was a large frame dwelling, where twenty soldiers could be quartered and a large quantity of military stores be kept. The frame part has paes-'d away, the place was a kin(i of a military post during the Indian troubles and was furnished free by Mr. Descbler who was one of the most liberal and humane men of the settlement. It stands on a little eminence overlooking the Coplay creek. The building was 40 feet lonjr, 33 teet wide, 2-2 stories high, the walls are 18 ir)ches and two feet thick supported by heavy timbers in the interior There were a few small window in the sides with four panes of glass, in the gabl.'s were loop holes. A larce hearth was in the middle of the building, each story was divided into two apartments and in the mantle piece can be seen the bullet holes made by the Indians. It was a place of refuge for the neighborhood. A yumber of the settlers were taken captive bj the Indians, and those with black hair and eyes were spared and adopted. Among them was one Mayer bis wife and son who were adopted into a tribe. Margaret Frantz was taken prisoner while engaged in washing flax with another girl named Solt whom they took along to near where Ballietsville now stands. Margaret was 15 years old when taken captive and was with them" seven years. Before she was exchanged, her father was killed by the Indians and she was married two years after return from captivity to Nicholas Wood ring. She was known far and wide for her knowledge of herbs, whicli she had acquired from the Indians. Her services for relieving the sick weie in great demand, she always journeyed on horseback. She died in 1829, at the age of 78 years, among her descendents are the Ritters, Steckles and Browns. Her companion Solt lived with an Indian as his wife and had two children, when she returned from captivity she was allowed to take her little girl along. The settlers of South Whitehall had their share of Indian troubles like the other settlements, the dangers were so great that it was impossible for the delegates to attend the meeting of the Lutheran Synod held at Philadelphia in 1753. And the Synod was asked to [)ray for the safety of the Pastor (Rev. Schartier) of the Jor- dan's congregation and the settlers. The Governoi' in his message to the Assembly said "Their houses are burn- cd, farms laid waste, etc." Anotlier incident happened which showed how cunning the Indians were to capture young children, some children were playing"Hide and 8fek" in the barn when several Indians who had lurked around and when the child- ing had hid themselves and at the proper time they came forth and took captive all they could lay hold on, only a few escaped to tell the tale when the settlers arose and followed as best they could, but, were unable to repcue the young captives. The children were kept in captivity for some time before they were released and restor- to their juixious parents. CHAPTER IV.

The First Settlers.

HE first settlers of the county came priiicipjilly from the older parts of the colony who pushed their homes nothward from Philadelphia, Bucks and Chester counties. Others came from Germany seeking honies in this new country where there was no religious persecution and could worship (Jod in accordance to tlie dictates of their conscience. More than threefourth of the inhahitants of tiie county are Germans or their descendents, and the localities in which they set- tled were generally named in honor of the Fatlierland as Hanover, Weissenberg,

Heidleherg, etc. They came principally from Bavaria, B.iden, Alsace, Wurtemberg, Switzer- land, Darmstadt and Palatinate, while of the townships which bear English names have been germanized by the Germans encroaching upon their English neighbors, as can bj seen by the intercourse with the people of Lowhill, Milford, Whitehall, etc., which are just as German as the rest of the county. They speak a dialect of the

German language which is akin to the language of their forefathers who came from

Palatinate wh«re the same language is spoken. It is not "High German, as it is just as old or perhaps older, and often more expressive then the High German as a spoken language, as it was from time immemoriable in the South German dialects.

Some of its roots of words can be traced back to older roots then the High Ger- man, for example, colt, English, fullen. High German, which is derived from Greek and Latin roots, while hutsch and hulschli, a young colt from Wesserwald buzz,

Lausatian, huzche, Swabian, hutschle, is more purely german then the High Ger- man, horse, E.; pherd, H. G.; Gaul, P. G.; calf, E.; kalb, H. G.; homeli, P. G.; i)ig, E.; Schwein, H. G.; sou, P. G.; potato, E.; kartoff'el, H. G.; grumbeer, P. G.; etc. are .some of the derivations. If as has been said as an index to their character, then the expressions as proverbs, adages songs and sayings handed down from one generation to the other are very original and expressive, they by frequent repetition have made strong im-

pressions upon the people to influence their life and character. Their songs are delightful, spirited and impressive. Here are some of the sayings of the Penn.syl vania Germans. "Wie mers mocht so hut mers. Die kinner un die norra sawga die wohret. Fors denka konn em niemont henka. Giossgekrisch un wennig woll.

Gut gewetst is halver gemeht. Eh eer is die onner werth. Wer awhalt gewinnt. Mer hut nix unna druvel. Die morga .«chtund hut gold im mund. Zub on deiner egna naws. Mer muss leva un leva lossa. Wer net kommt zu rechter zeit muss nehme was iwwerich bleiht''. And many other sayings show that they have say-

ing wliich for beautiful thought etc., com[)are well with the High Geinian and the Enijlish lanjiuages. u

TIr'II ilic poems of Dr. Henry Hiuhaugh, written in the P<'nn?ivlvanin (Jer-

inan lan^naf^o, coinp.ire with the hesl poeni-s of any Ian

and beantifiil poems are tlie following: "Das Alt Schiilhans An I)er Krick. (The

Old Sciinolhouse At Tlie Creek.) Heemweli, (Homesickness.) the la.-t one a most

!>iaiilifnl poem, descriptive of the s.vect rest of Heaven etc., and others. Tlie peo-

ple are as a wliole a religious people. When they first came they Unilt side hy .-ide

church and schooliioiise. By which it can be seen that both the spiritual and

temporal wants of the young were attended to, and they were early brought into the church. The greater part of the Pennsylvania Germans are farmers and hardy, robust, strong, healthy and indusliious. They are sociable, perforndng many works in common, as.«isting each other in whatever way they can. In former times, during haymaking and harvest time there were a number of workmen together, at nine o'clock they would take lunch, relate anecdotes in

which both men and women engaged in. At breakfast, dinner and supper, the ta- bles were always laden with food whicli were keenly leiished by them all. xVt noon came the Knhe schtund, (hour rest.) which was spent by sleeping, telling stories under the shady tree or grinding the scythes. ovet, After Feier (after thedays work ) all enjoyetl themselves very n\uch, sitting upon the porch, reclined against sometrce enjoying themselves well after their hard days work, taking fo. their proverb,

I^uch der erwet is gut 7a\ rube.

Corn husking was another enjoyable feature of former times, when a large, number of young men and wotneu went fo a neighbor and assisted him in husking corn. (Quilting and applebutter parties were some of the other pastimes of former days, where old and young gathered and helped each other in (juilting and making chnitz, pared a[)ples in the afternoon, in the evening iho young folks spent the time in a lively manner such as music, dancing ;uid other amuseraent.s. Battalion drills was another institution of days gone by. The Militia had •heir drills in Spring and the weapons used were usually cornstalks, hoe handles and broomsticks, So when the Battalion Day came in May everything was in readiness of which the.se Were the preparatory exercises. When the tlay came, Infantry and Calvalry wertj on hand. The officers that were in command were the

t nti A finer and more imposing sight was never seen or command given. OhI what a time were those old fashioned Badolga (Battalion,) Daga. ' At the age of 18, every one was compelltd to become a .soldier, the very age when the young maidens were at liberty to marry. P^very one went to the Battalion day, old and young, and when the young people were strangers to each other, they were introduced not exactly like in polite .

Christmai; trees were found almost in every home, and the churches were heauti- iully and tastefully decorated with evergreens. Their Krischt kindli is not the fantastic St. Nicholas, but the Giver of good gifts. When the children met each other on Christmas morning, the)' did not ask where is my Christmas present l)ut

"Wo ist mei Krischt kindli," meaning a gift of God in Jesus the Christ child. New Year was another of their festivals. At that time they shot out tin old year and shoot in the New year, a practice that is not common anymore. Tlu shooting was not all of it, beautiful verses of the scriptures and hymns were committed to memory, and repeated under the windows of those who were visited by them, they went through storm and snow. En glickselig nei yohr was heard on all sides, each vieing with each other to be first in the greeting among- friends or strangers.

Model Lehigh County Swiss Barn. CHAPTER V. War Record.

EVOLT TIONARY PERIOD. At the time of the Kevolutioii, Lehigh eouuty 'I\ \\:i.- a part of Nortliatnptf)!! eoiinty, but raised its full share of quotes for the n American Army. At the outbreak of the war, a company was raised in what is now Lehigh county, every one enlisting in the company received a bnuntv of three j)ouii(l.< (.*8 00.) The company formed a part of the 2nd Pennsyl- vania Battalion of which Colonel Arthur St. Clair was the commander. Captain

Thomas Craig was captain of. the company, promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 177(5. Rudol|)h lirunner succeeded him as captain of the company. Tlie Flying camp of 1776, was formed by Captain John Arndt, and took part in the battle of Long Island, August, 27, 177H in which the company suffered heavily in killed and wounded, losing in all 21 men. At the battle of Fort Wash- ingt(>n it again Buffered heavily in killed, wounded and prisoners, N(>v., 16, 1770, losing in all o7 men.

Washington, after his defeat at Harlem Pleights, New York, retreated across the North River and through New Jersey by the way of Newark, Princeton and Trenton where he cro.ssed the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. General John Warren, Surgeon General, sent the following communication to Bisho]) Ett- wein of the Moravian C'iiurch at Bethlehem. "According to his Excellency, General Washint:ton's Orders. The General rL)spital of the army is removed to Bethle- hem, and you will do the greatest act of humanity by immediately providing proper l)uildings for its reception." Bethlehem had been selected as the most advaiit;' geous location l)y Wiishington when it had been found necessary to remove thp hospital from Morristown, New- Jersey, in the summer of 1777. Allcntown wa-! the centre of operation for the formation of the Wagon Brigade, the bells of Christ Church. Philadeli)hia, State house bell were removed to Allcntown for conceal- n)ent when the British took pos.

' aii.^e in whatever wav ihev could. )4

Tlie next important event wms iIr' Friess' Rebellior). In 1797, Congns-s passed certain laws which were ohjectional to the people, among them were the Alien, Sediton and the House Tax L'.nvs which were regarded as unjust and burdensome. The people arose to resist the enforcement of them and an Insurrection broke out in Milford, Bucks county under tlie leadership df John Friess, who liad been an officer in the Revolutionary army, lie was ably seconded by Fred. Ileany and John German, the oppositon of Friess prevented all assessments in Alilford township that year. The Insurrection spread rapidly into Northampton coiwity, also into what is now Lehigh county, where the Assessors were chased fium one township to another. Sometime after the above occurrences, 17 of his followers were captured nnd imprisoned in the Sun Hotel, Bethlehem. Friess went to their help and rescued them. The President, John Adan)s sent troops to quell the Insnrrecliot), when they came Friess went into hiding and a month afterwards was captured near Bunk- er Hill, Bucks county. He and a number of his followers were placed on trial for treason, were C(mvicted and sentenced to death, but were pardoned bj the President. Friess returned to his home near Trumbauersville, Bucks county, and resumed his occupation of crying public sales. Thus ended the Insurrection, also known as the Milford Rebellion, The Hot Water War, The Hou.

Country's call. Ca|)tain John F. Ruhe's Company of Light Infantry, Co., oth, 2d

Model Lehigh County Farm IIou.se. J5

Rejînieiit, Peiin.sylvaiii,i \'iiliiiitccr Li'/h; IiifMHi i\ 1 -i riri'/.\.!i ^lll Tîviîon wm.-

i;ii

Captain Ahrahaiii (iaDgcwc'ii's Coinpuuy oi itiilc men, (Co. l.stj FiisL lin- ijade, .Second Division, Pennsylvania Militia, Brigadier General H. .Spering, coni- niandiiiii the brigade, Major General Shilz, commanding the Division. Cai)tain Abraham Rinker's Company of liifie men, 1st Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Rillo men, Colonel Thonnis Humphrey, commanding, Captain Peter Ruch's Light Horse Company were raised in the Whitehalls, and Capt. John Dornblaser's Co. of Infantry raised in Lehigh, Northampton and Pike counties, and Captain Joseph

Wilt's Company raised in Upper Milford. By which it can be seen that Little

Lehigh at the very l)eginuing of its existence, nobly sent forth her sons to defend the nation's h uor. A few went to the Mexican war, 1845 — 48, but the same martial spirit was displayed as in former wars. Among those who went to the war was Colonel Harry C. Longecker.

After a period of peace of 13 years the tranquility was broken by the (iring upon Fort Sumter by the South Carolina soldiers and the capture of the fort by the same was wired over the entire country.' April 12th, 1861. On that day the Gov- ernor of Pennsylvania receiveil thet following telegram. "The war has commenced' the batteries opened fire upon Fort Sumter at 4 A. M. this morning.' This conflict began by the people of the Ncjrth and South placing different construction to the Constitution of the United States, of the Slave question and by continually agitating the same, at last each section came to distrust each other and regard each other with contempt. The North believing that the .South would not dare to go to war and fight for the cause they advocated. While the North Would never dare to strike a blow against the South.

When actual the hostilities commenced many of the North said that it would only be a breakfast, but before the war was over they had in addition to break fast, dinner and sujiper. Wrile the S uth said we will capture Washington and bring tlie (jovernment to terms in very short time, and have our Independence acknowledged by the Government. But how .sadly were both sides disappointed f'nd how through four long and sad years each side contented for the mastery which at last fell to the lot of the North, "Stars and Stripes." which had cost an enormous amount of money and great lossof life. But which taught both North and South a lesson which they had not known before, they learned to know each othei- better and l)y that struggle showed t()r- eign nations the true valor nf the American citizen. And Slavery extinguished forever from Auierican soil.

On Ai)ril loth, 1861, President Lincoln i.-sue

The First Settlers.

^HE first settlers of the coiintv came principally from the older parts of the colo- H iiy who pushed their homes nothward from Philadelphia, Bucks and Chester ^^ counties. Others came from Germany seeking homes in this new country where there was no religious persecution and could worship God in accordance to the dictates of their conscience. More than threefourtii of the inhabitants of the county are Germans or their descendents, and the localities in which they set- tled were generally named in honor of the Fatherland as Hanover, Weissenberg,

Heidleberg, etc. They came principally from Bavaria, Baden, Alsace, Wurtemberg, Switzer- land, Darmstadt and Palatinate, while of the townships which bear English names have been germanized by the Germans encroaching upon tiieir English neighbors, as can bj teen by the intercourse with the pef)ple of Lowhill, Milford, Whitehall, etc., whicli are just as German as the rest of the county. They speak a dialect of the

German language which is akin to ihe language of their forefathers who came from

Palatinate wh»re the same language is spoken. It is not "High German, as it is just as old or perh:\ps older, and often more expressive then the High German as a

spoken language, as it was from time immemoriable in the South German dialects.

Some of its roots of words can be traced back to older roots then the High Ger-

man, for example, colt, English, fiillen. High German, which is derived from Greek and Latin roots, while hutsch and hutschli, a young colt from Wesserwald buzz,

Lausatian, huzche, Swabian, hutschle, is more purely german then the High Ger-

man, horse, E.; pherd, H. G.; Gaul, P. G.; calf, E.; kalb, H. G.; homeli, P. G.; pig,

E.; Schwein, H. G.; sou, P. G.; potato, E.; kartoff'el, H, G.; grumbeer, P. G.; etc. are some of the derivations. If as has been said as an index to their character, then the expressions as proverbs, adages songs and sayings handed down from one generation to the other are very original and expressive, they by fre(]uent repetition have made strong im-

pressions upon the people to influence their life and character. Their songs are delightful, spirited and impressive. Here are some of the sayings of the Pennsyl vania (Jermans. "Wie mers mocht so hut mers. Die kinner un die norra sawga die wohret. Fors denka konn em niemont henka. Gross gekrisch un wennig woll.

Gut gewetst is halver gemeht. Eh eer is die onner werth. Wer awhalt gewinnt. Mer hut nix unna druvel. Die morga schtund hut gold im mund. Zub on deiner egna naws. Mer muss leva un leva lossa. Wer net kommt zu rechter zeit muss nehme was iwwerich bleibt''. And many other sayings show that they have say-

ing which for beautiful thought etc., compare well with the High Geiman and the Euiilish languages. .

TIk'U ;1ic pooins of Dr. Henry Ilarhaugli, wriflen in the l\TiiisyIvani:i (icr- uian laii

^Juch der erwet is gut zu ruhe. Corn husking was another enjoyable feature of former times, when a large, number of young men and women went to a neighbor and assisted him in husking corn. Quilting and applebutter parties were some of the other pastinfiPS of former days, where old and young gathered and helped each other in quilting and making chnitz, pared apples in the afternoon, in the evening t^ie young folks spent the time in a lively manner such a.s music, d;uicing .Mnd other amusements. Battalion drills was another institution of days gone by. The Militia had their drills in Spring and the wtapons used were usually cornstalks, hoe handles and broomsticks, So when the Battalion Day came in May everything was in readiness of which these were the preparatory exerciser. When the day came, Infantry and Calvalry were on hand. The officers that were in command were the Generals, Colonels, Majors and Captains with their cocked hats and plumes, epau- lets on their shoulders fully uniformed. The command was generally given in thundering tones, "Atten — shone, company! The brave and gallant Lieutenants repeated the words Pennsylvania German, "Gebt Acht Buva Now Ilorcht bosst utf A finer and more imposing sight was never seen or command given. Oh! what a time were those old fashioned Badolga (Battalion,) Daga. * At the age of 18, every one was compelUd to become a .soldier, the very age when the young maidens were at liberty to marry. Every one went to the Battalion day, old and young, and when the young people were strangers to each other, they were introduced not exactly like in polite society, but in blunt Pennsylvania German, as Des ist der Bill, Dvi^ ist die Sail, Kum her, huckt dich oniia zu mir. All was fun, in the evening there was dancing which lasted till early morning. The holidays (Feierdaga,) of the

Pennsylvania Germans arc worthy of notice. On Christmas was a pleasant tini' \8

After tlie surrender of Genernl Lee, the Uegiinent did garrisdii duy at vSa vuiuiali and Charleston. Mustered out of service after serving 4yeais and 4 moutl>> doing very hard service, during tiie time it was in the field, saw service in 7 slates

marched 1200 miles, made 12 sea voyages, lost during the time it served in lulled, wounded and prisoners, 500 men. The 92nd. Regiment, the Ninth Calvary, saw service iu Kentucky and Tennessee in the battles of Rowling Green, Lebanon, Sparta, Moore's Hill, Tompkinsville, Richmond, Shelbyville, Perryville, Wataug:; Holston River, Fraiiklin, Rover, Middletown, Cowau, Lafayette, Chickamaugn Dandridge, New Market, Mossy Creek, Fair Garden, McMinnville, and with Gen- eral Sherman in his march to the sea. And was engaged in the battles of Lovejuy Station, Macon, Bear ceek, Waynesboro, Buckheod creek, Buckhead church, Ai ken, Lexington, Black Stakes Station, Averysville, Bentonville, Hillsboro and Morrisville. This Regiment had the honor of firing the last gun before the surren-

der of General J. E. Johnston at Bentonville and raceived the flag of truce sent by General Johnston, asking for the surrender. Mustered out of service, July 12th, 1865, seeing 4 years of hard service, and losing in killed, wounded and prisoners

many of its men. It was engaged in the capturing of the rebel General J. H. Mor- gan when he was on his raids in Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio.

The 1 28th, Regiment saw service in Virginia, was in the battles of Bull Run,

Chautilly, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, in the last named battle it was reduced to 172 men, more then 200 men were taken prisoners. .Mustered out

of service. May 12th, 1863, at the expiration of its terra of service, having done faithful service. The 176th, Regiment of drafted militia entered into the service, No- vember 1862,eugaged in doing garrison duty in Virginia, North and South Caroli- na. Mustered out of service, August l8th. 1863, at the expiration of term of ser-

vice. The 202nd. Regiment saw service in the Shenadoah campaign where it shared with the rest of the of the army the laurels of the same. Mustered out August 3rd. 1865. The 209th, Regiment fought in the battles of Chapin Farn)s, Fort Stead- man and the battles around I'etersburg and the surrender of General Lee at Ap- pomattox Court House. Mustered out May 31st. 1865. The Militia. The 5th, Regiment was called out iu 1862, to repel the invasion of the Rebel army, and the rapidity with which they moved showed that they knew well the im])ort of their mission. The 27th, Emergency Regiment of 1863, were recruited to helj) to guard the border of the state from the invasion of

General Lee, did not see actual service, but fulfilled its part well. The 38th, Reg- iment of militia of 1863, was also called out to defend the border too, which duty

it performed faithfully. The 41st. Regiment which shared with the others the

trials of the campaign and fought with great gallantry, at Soulh Mountain. The Allen Guards and the 9th, Regiment were engaged in doing guard duty and i)avingthe way for the others to do the woik they so nobly commenced by re-

sponding so quickly to their Country's call. Thus it will be. seen the sons of no- ble Lehigh were in every way in full for their share of the work of bringing ami

subduing the discontented states and by it we see that they performed their part of

the work faithfully, showing that they possess the true (pialities of a, faithful citizen 19

whicli when called iipun in tlit; h>)iir of need, re.-pondod nobly. And it" neede

trying to do all they could to give the brave defenders of their country and flag a roval welcome. CHAPTER VI. Internal Improvement.

^HE INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS of t.he county were begun uith tlic advent of the first settlers. The principal works of iuipn)vements are the Lehigh Canal which was built from above Mauch Chunk to Easton for bringing the Carbon county coal to the Philadelphia and other markets, and by its construction it brought into operation the iron industries along the Lehigh Valley. The destruction of the same by the great freshet, June, 1862. led the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company who owned the canal, to abanduu the idea of rebuilding their dams and docks abt)ve Mauch Chunk and substitute a railroad in its place, Thus began the Lehigh and Susquehanna Rail Road, all the improvements had for their object the development of the Lehigh Valley. 1838, the Hamburg, Allentowu, Bethlehem and Easton R. R. Company was chartered by the Legislature. It was begun near Hamburg, passing through Kutz- town to Allentown and from there to Bethlehem and Easton. The road was to be commenced within five years and completed in ten years, the road was never built, the building of the other roads led the projectors to abandon it. The Perkiomen R. R. Company was chartered in 1852 and finished in 1876, passing through the lower end of the county. The Catasauqua and Fogelsville R. R. Company was chartered in 1853, and finished in 1857. It passes through the center of the county and an outlet for the iron mines, and crosses the Jordan Valley bythe celebrated iron bridge in South Whitehall tawnship, a distance of 1165 feet, consisting of 11 spans of 100 feet each. It connects the East Pennsylvania Branch of the P. and R. R. R. at Alburtis and with the Lehigh Valley and Lehigh and Susquehanna Rail roads at Catasauqua. Tte East Pennsylvania R. R. Company was cliartered in 1857, connects Allentown and Reading and has a large and increasing traffic for freight and coal. The Ironton R. R. Company was chartered in 1859, and connects Coplay and

Ironton, it was built by the Co[)lay to bring their ore the furnaces. The Berks and Lehigh R. R. Company was chartered in 1871 and connects Reading and Slating- ton and runs through the upper part of the county and is an outlet for the products of that section. Besides there are many other improvements as can be seen in the cultivation of the farms and the improvement of the public roads, and tha various manufactories, mines, quarries, etc., CHAPTER VII. Education. qL»HE earliest schools of the county were almost without exception, established at i! or in connection with the Lutheran and Reformed churches and the pastor M^ was the teacher. In most cases the school-houses preceded the churches and ^crveed the double purpose of church and school. These schools were not strictly church schools, they were not supported by the church. Each parent wh() sent children to .school, had to pay in proportion to the number of days sent. In those days the teacher Generally bearded around. Instruction was given in reading, writ- ing and little arithmetic.

The first school in the county was established in 1725 in counection with the Swrm[) Church, Lower Milfsrd township, and remained opened until recently. The Mennonite.s opened a sch<)ol in Upper Milford, near Zionsville between 1735 and 1749, a little later a school was established by the same denomination in a fine grove between Centre Valley and Coopersburg At Dilliugersville, Lower Milford a school was established by the Lutherans in 1743, the congregation selecting a tract of land of about 30 acres, a little west of the village, for which they received a patent thereon in 1770, and erected a school house which served the double purpose of church and school until 1791, after that only for school purposes and known as the Upper Milford School house. By Act of Assembly, this property was sold in 1871, for the sum of 4050 dollars, which amount is placed on interest as a special school fund, giving the sub district at present a 10 months terra. The children, living within 2 miles from the school-house are entitled to attend the school during the summer terra, giving then) a great advantage over the surrounding districts. The Moravians commenced a school atEmaus in 1746, one year previous to their organization ofthechuroh

iu 1747. (Christopher and Mary Heyne were the first teachers at Emaus, in 1752 the Moravian school at Oley, Berks county was removed to Emaus, and in 1753,

both were removed ti> Bethlehem on account of the Indian troubles iu the county. At Egypt, Whitchiill township, a school was estadlished in 1733. At New

Tripoli, Lynn township, the oldest school in the upper part of the county was established in 1750, at the .«ame time schools were established at the Lehigh church. Lower Macungie, and at Heidelberg church. In 1790. John and Jane \Vetzel conveyed by deed to the trustees and their successors, 2 acres of land for school purposes at Centreville, near the borough of Macungie. The property was sold in 1868 on ground rent reservation, and the annual receipts therefrom, amount to 150 dollars which with the sum otherwise provided enables the district to have a 10 m Jiiths school terra annually now. Andrew iMsen hard, Cornelius Hughes and Joiin Herman in 1790, donated 2 acres of land 22 at East Texas tor school purposes uud erected thereon at their own ex[)ense a school house, this property was sold iu 1874 for 3,700 dollar.-. The district derives the sum of 226 dollars annually, a portion of which is expended in maintaining a summer school. In 1760, a great drawback was made in tlie scliools of tlie county, caused by the teachers leaving their profession and entering the ministry, as many of the congregations could not secure regular pastors. And less qualified teachers took theii- places as teachers, consequently the schools sutfered much from the change. When the schools were first started the instruction was exclusively in the German Lan- guage till 1800. In 1820, the English Language was introduced in most of the progressive schools of the county, and taught in connection with the German. Du- ring the same period very few entirely English schools had been established iu the county.

The first entirely Englisli school was established at Egypt in 180'J, and Ja- cob Kern was the first teacher at a salary of 14.00 dollars a month, the school was kept open until 1857. The English School Society of New Tripoli was organized in 1812 and opened a school there which was kept open until 1850. At the same time English schools were opened at Allentown and Balliettsville in 1816, In Up- per Saucon in 1833. When the free School System in 1834 was first put into oj)-

erEition it met with fierce opposition, but which soon pas-ed away and since that time the schools have made rapid progress. There are many graded schools in the county, outside the boroughs. The schools are under the supervision of the(Jounty

Su])crintendent of Public Schools, who is elected for 3 years by the School directors

of the county, the first Tuesday in May every 3rd. year. His duties are to hold ex-

amiuatious for examing applicants f )r teachers certificates and grants the same to

those who ])ass the examination successfully. He has power to grant two grades

of certificates, the first one is a provisional certificate, g.)t)d for one year only and

cannot be renewed. The second one is a professional certificate which holds g(JO(l

during his term (jf office and is good for one year under the new superintendent, is

granted only to those who have acquired professional skill in the art of teaching. He holds teachers and directors meetings, the county teachers institute, local institute and other meetings that seem necessary for the benefit of the schools under his supervision. He has charge of all the schools outside of Allentown, and

his entire time is ijriveu to the attention of the schools under his charge. CHAPTER VIII.

Soil, Animals, Etc.

lie .soil of the county is very fertile and suitable for raising all of the giains per- taining to the temperate zone. The grains raised are wheat, rye, corn, oats,

Ijarley, buckwheat, potatoes, etc. Dairying aud Trucking are carried on a large scale. Tlie products raised find a ready market in Allentown and surrounding towns. The climate is delightful and healthy, well suited for the industry of the people, and the natural resources are great, nowbere can be found a people that are more industrious and frugal then the people of Lehigh county. The principal industries are cotton and wollen, boot and shoe, silk and knitting manufactories, bardware, cutlery, breweries, furnaces, founderies, flour mills, tobaeco, etc. which give em|iloyment to many of the people. The other employments are farming, mining, dairying and trucking.

The geological ages are as follows: 1st, Azoic, '2tid, Palaeozoic, 3rd. Mesozoic

4th. Camozoic (new life), rejiresenting three periods ami four divisions. To the Azo- ic ;ige belong the South Mountain belt of rocks, extending from Easton on the Del- aware to Reading on the Schuylkill in a broken line, where they sink under a plain of the next higher order or Palaeozoic ::ge, which constitute in our county, the limestones and slates in the valley and the sand rocks in the Ivittatinny Mountains. In the pist ages the Sv'Uth or Lehigh Mountains, now averaging 1000 feet above the sea level, were an immense mountain system of 5 miles in height, covered l.'y 30,000 feet of newer rocks, comprising the limestones and slate of tho Lehigh Val- ley, the sand locks of the Bine Mountains, the shale*, hydraulic limestones and sand of Stroudsburg aud Lehigh Valley. The red and white sandstones of the Mauch

Chunk Mountain and the north of it. Remnant of the Palaeozoic age are .-till found in the patches on the South Mountains. The character of these rocks aic principally of two kinds: 1st- strictly stratified, thickbeded, massive gnei.ss, a mixture of granuhir quariz, white or pink feldspar with the absence of mica; belonging to that variety of gnei-s called granulite. 2nd. stratified syemite, a mixture of liornb'eufle feldsp-ir, little or no (piartz, magnetic oxide of iron is found abundant- ly in the hornblende rocks. In Lehigh county, the mountain ma.-s is split in two, by the Saucon Valley, the western half is called the Lehigh Mountains, is a belt 2 miles wide composed chiefly oi'the harder syemitec gneiss, extending from Bethle- hem through Upper Saucon, Salisbury and Upper Milford townships. The other i)elt is mostly confined to portions of Upper S;uicon and Lower Milford townslnps. The Piilaeozoic rocks in the comity are the Potsdam sandstone of which on ly tso mem!)ers have been found in the county, the sandstone, the upper slate, mag nesian limestone and others. The Mesozoic age is found along the Bucks county line ill Upper Saucon and Lower Milford townships. The Camozoic is the new age 24 and is found sparingly in the n)ud and gravel along the Lehigh river. Mountains And Hills, The Blue Mountains lorni the northwest boumhi ry of the county, the Lehigli or South Mountains in the southern part are the only mountains within the county. There are several hills or kjioUs which will be men- tioned under the head of the township in which they are located. Rivers and Creeks. The Lehigh River is the only river in the county, and f(irms the boundary between the Lehigh Gap and the north line of Hanover township, Lehigh county and of Northampton county, and from there forms the boundary line between Hanover and Salisbury townships. Its most important branches in the county are the Trout creek, which rises at the foot of the Blue Mountains in Heidelberg township, flows east into the Lehigh River 2 miles below the Lehigh Water Gap, turning a number of mills. Autelawney or Maiden creek rises in Lynn township flows

west along the Blue Mountains into Berks county where it empties into the Schuyl-

kill River. It turns many mills. Coplay creek rises in North Whitehall township flows south east into the Lehigh River, between Catasauqua and Hokendau- qua about 5 miles north of AUentown, turning several mills but often fails in the dry season. Jordan creek rises at the foot of the Blue Mountains in Heidelberg township flows in a very crooked course .«outhwest into the Lehigh creek at Allen-

town about 100 feet above its mouth. This stream turns many mills antl the quau"

tity of its water depends on the season. The Liitle Lehigh creek rises in Lower Macugie township flows east into the Lehigh River at AUentown. Many mills are

along its banks, there are numerous smaller streams in the county, which are principally in the townships where they will be described. Animals. The following wild animals are fecund in the couuty, the red and grey foxes, raccoon, mink, rabbit, opossum, woodchuck, skunk, cat, flying, ground led and gray squirrel, chipmunk and weasel. Birds. The birds are the eagle, turkey buzzard, screech and great horned owl, fish hawk, heron, whippoorville, night hawk? mocking bird, swallow, quail, blue bird, black bird, crow, robin, gold finch, oriole' wren, jay, crane, cat bird, sparrow and others. Botany. Among the plants that are found in the county are the daisy. calomel, mullein, bitterwort, thistle, burdock, golden rod, aster, balsam, belladonna, bloodroot, buttercup, catmint, chamomile, ele. Trees. The forest trees are white, red, black, burr, and scrub oak, chestnut maple, hickory, birch, beech, pine, walnut, wild cherry, etc, the fruit trees are the apple, apricot, peach, plum, cherry, pear, quince, crabapple, aud others. Religious Denominations. The following denominations are found in the county: Luther- an, Reformed, Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist Episcopal, Evangelical Association, United Evangelical, United Brethern, Mennonite, Mennonite Bretluan in Chiist. Free Methodist, Swedenborgian, Catholic, Moravian and Episcopal. CHAPTER IX.

Geography of Townships.

ANOVER.- Thi;^ township lies east of the Lehigh River, and is bounded on '|i| the north and east by Northampton county, south and west by the Lehigh q' River. Population. The popuhi»ion was at the last census, 1900, 3324. Stream.-^. The Ljhigh River aud Monocacy creek are the principal streams that water the township. Soil. The soil i.s fertile and of limestone formation, the land is level aud the j)riucipal occupation of the people is farming, stock raising, dairy, trucking, and there are also iron works, flour mills, tanneries, bricks, fire brick works, lime is burned and limestones quarried, silk mills, etc VI LL AGES. RiTT£PwSViLLE, a town midsvay between Allentowii and Beth- lehem, on the A and B turn[)ike and the Lehigh Traction Road, the Traction company have their shops here, has a fine park and a nice summer resort for the city people, has numerous stores, hotels, churches, schoolhouses, cemetery and post office It was founded in 1808 by Michael Hitter. The population in 1900, was 525. ScHOENEUSViLLE, Situated on the bouudery line between Hanover township, Le- high county and Hanover township Northampton county. Population 1890, 135, 1900 estimated about 200. Contains a store, hotel, post office and about 50 dwell ing houses, f )unded in 1784 by Adam Schoener. East Allentowx, founded in 1828 is a suburb of xVllentown, containing a uumbes of stores, hotels, mills, tanneries, firebrick works, lumber yards aud limestone quarries. The Lehigh Canal, the Lehigh and Susquehanna R. R. and the Traction road pass through the place. It is connected with Allentowu by a fine large bridge. Population in 1890, 522, 1900 estimated at 1200. Post office— AUentown. The earliest schools in the township were at Schoenersville, Rittersville and West Bethlehem. The free school system was accepted in 1834, while the other townships in the county reject- el it in that year. The schools of the township are in an excellent condition, they are both graded and ungrailed, term is 8 months and the salary $45 per month. Early roaps, The first road in the townshiji was the one leading from Bethlehem to Gnadenhutten, (now Lehighton), was laid out by order of the court ot Bucks county, 1747, and used as a military road from 1755 ti) 1761. The next one wa.^ from tiie Philadelphia road in Salisbury township, crossing the Lehigh River by a ford near the old hou.se on the Geissinger's farm, passing throuirii what is now Rit- tersville and Schoenersville.

EIDELBERG. This t (wadiip is b )uude I o:i the nirtli by Carbon couuty, ea?t l)y Washington tshp., south by I^owhill tshp., we.-t by I Lynn tshp. Poi'U- ' LATioN was in 1900, 1411. It was organize! as a townshij) in 1752, incliidiiii:

Lynn aud Washington tiwnsiiips, and lies in the northern jjart of the ccjunty.

Soil. The surface is iiilly and tlie Blue Mountain.-:^ cross the northern part of the 26

towuship, Bake Oven is situated in the northwestern part, the soil is white gravel and is however, if well cultivated, capable of producing good crops. Stkkams. The principal streams that drain the township, are the Jordan and Trout creeks with a number of" smaller streams, and furuish abundant water powr for mills and manufactories. Settlers. The settlers were of German descent and were kept constantly in alarm, during the Indian war in the colonies, 1755 — 56, the township was nearly deserted by the settlers, who fled to Bethlehem and other places for refuge from the savages who had threatened their lives and properties. The next alarm was when the settlers heard of the North Whitehall massacres, 1763. They belonged to the Lutheran and Reformed denominations, and churches were found all over the township and were well attended, they strictly adhered

to the faith of those churches, and tried their best to bring the'r children up in the precepts of Christianity. They were honest to the core; as the following illustra- tion will show. When a man loaned $500 or $1000 from his neighbor the lender did not take a note but merely marked down the amount of the money and tlie time opposite. When the amount or interest was paid it was marked with a piece of chalk upon one of the house joists or on the large house clock. When the money with interest was due it was always forthcoming and there was hardly a failure. It was considered a crime if one failed to fulfill his agreement. They held to the old maxim ''His word as good as his note" was true of the people in this township. The oldest church in this township is Heidelberg church, organized in 1740

and is one mile east of Saegersville nearly in the centre of the township. Rev. J.F.

Schertlein, first Lutheran pastor and Rev. P. J. Michael, first Reformed minister. The settlers of ihis township were nearly free from Indian incursions, scarcely a murder was committed while neaily all the surounuing settlements were destroyed. Fathers Longnour, Kemmerer and others wmt to Gnauden hiitten and assisted in burying the dead after the massacre there. Father Bach- man from Millersvalley near Lynnville, when he heard of the Lynn township murder hastened to the scene and assisted the wounded and burying the dead. Among the ones that were masacred by the Indians were Zeisiof and his family^ The reason that the settlers were so free from Indian troubles was due to the Provi- dence of God and the fact that no Indian village stood within the limits of the township The nearest one was in Lynn township on the other side of the Blue Mountains and south of the Blue Mountains on the (Aher side of the Lehigh river. An Indian path led in a straight line from Lehigh Gap through Saegers

ville over the Schochary Mountains, where a spring was on the lands of Christian Miller, the path passed the principal Ind.an villages from the Lehigh Mountains

to the Blue Mountains. The first i)ublic road laid out, was in 1770, and during the later years many good roads were made in this townshi;). The highest point

in the township is Bake Oven on the top of the Blue Mountains, 1560 feet above

the sea level, it being the center of the county line of Lehigh and Carbon counties,

it has been for years a signal station in the United States Coast Survey, a grand

view can be had from its summit. Bear Rock, 2 miles west from BakeO/en, is an- 27.

iut, lodO I'eet above the sea level, there are three rocks staiKliiig iii a row

connected by smaller ones piled on top of each other; it is the dividing,' line between

Lehigh, Carbon and Schuylkill counties, a fine view can be had from its summit,

looking southwest the city of Reading can be seen, the smoke as it pours forth from the stacks of the numerous furnaces, factories, mills etc., by the naked eye. Look- ing' south over our county, Allentown and the beantiful Kittatinny valley dotted with thriving towns and villages cijn be distinctly seen by the naked eye, 20

miles distance. Viewing Carbon county, Switch Back, Delaware Water Gap, etc., .we seen distinctly. Tourists who have travelled the world over express themselves

ihus, that with the exception of the Alps scenery, the scenery that oue can set: from Bear Rock presents the grandest view that can be met with anywhere. Mechanical ixdustriks. in 1832 a Rifle factory vvas established by Philip Hess

jr. 2 mile west of Ballietts furnace on a road leading from the road from Saegers-

ville to Lehighton across the mountains, the road is still known as the factory road,

it vvas in successful operation for a long time and is now u.sed as a distillery. The

first grist mill was erected in 1808 by John J. Snyder, on Jordan creek nt)vv known as Kressley mill. Education. The schools compare favorably with the schools of the other townships in the county, and are steadil);, advancing, the teacliers are

progressive, and the Board of Directors are energetic, doing the best for the .school, under their supervision.

VILLAGES. Saegkrsville, a p(»sl village situated 6 miles west of Slat-

ington, contains a carriage factory, hotel, several stores, post office, which was established in 1829, daily mail, and tannery. It was founded in 1760, population

was in 1900, 460. Deibert-sville is situated 2 miles east of Saegersville, contains a post office and a number of dwellings, founded in 1842, population in 1900 was

60. GERMANSVir.i.E, 1 mile west of Saegersville' contains a store, hotel, machine shop, brick kiln f)ost office, on the Schuylkill and Lehigh R. R. Founded in 1742,

l)y Adan) German, population in 1900 vvas 120. Plesant Corner is 1} miles southwest of Saegersville, contains a store, hotel, grist mil!, fonuded in 1744. by John Rice, population in 1900, The Schuylkill and Lehigh R. R. passes through the township, giving an outlet to the farmers for their [)roducts. tOWER MACUNGIE. Bounded on the northeast by -Salisbury township, soutli east by U})j)er .Milford township, northwest by Upper Macungie township,

southwest by Berks county. Population was in 1900; 2920. Soil. It i.s

one of the richest townships in the county, the soil is very fertile and productive, and is of a limestone formation, rich and valuable hematite ore are found and the Flats near East Texas in this township, are very rich in iron ore. Streams. The jirincipal streams that drain iha town6hip,are the Little Lehigh and Swabia creeks.

Industrie^! are the Lockridge furnace near Alburtis, Macungie furnace, flour jnills. The people are largely engaged in farming, mining, dairy and trucking. EdU(.;A TiON. The .schools are in a fine conditon and compare favorably with the schools of the county, the teachers and directors are working to gether tor the welfare and

I'lvancement of the school.< iimitr their ,-;iipeivi.>-ioM. Si-rrTLEMENT. The first set- 28

tleineiit wjks riiiide in 1738, by ^onie Genritui settlers- led l)y Michael Scliaeffer, 'lear Muciingie.

VILLAGES. Centervillic is ii suburb of Macungie, contains a hotel, store, schoolhim^e and a number of dwelling houses, the Electric road pasaes through the town, jxtst office, Macungie, population, 1900, was 3G0. Ai.buktih on the East Pennsylvania Branch ot the P. and R. Railroad and the terminus of the

Catasauqua and Fogelsville Branch of the same railroad, is a thriving town, and

hi\a several stores, hotels, silk mill, and other factories, post office, scIkjoHiousc, con

taining three schools, its population in 1900 was 780, founded in 1857. East Tex- as, a small village 7 miles from Allentown, the AUentown and Kutztown Electric

road passes through it, it contains a store, hotels, schoulhouse, postoffice, population, 1900, 60. WpiSCOESviLLE, a small village, 5 miles from Allentown, has a store, hotel, church and school house, the A. and K. Eiectic road ])asses through the village, population, 1900, 70. tOWER MILFOD. Lies in the southern part of the county, and is bounded on the northeast by Upper Saucon township, southwast by Bucks county, north- ^ west by Upper Milford township, southwest by Montgomery county. Popu- lation according to the^census of 1900 was 1233. Organized as a separate

township in 1847. Soil The soil is very fertile, being shale and gravel and |)ro- ductive, the surface is very irregular, farming is the principal pursuit of the people.

Iron ore is found in some parts of the township, Hills, the following hills are within the township, Hosensack Hill (Muehlberg) in the southern part. Chestnut Hills in the northeastern part, Mossers Ridge (Dillingers) in the northwestern part. Mill Ridge in the central part. Crkeks. Hosensack creek rises on the west side of Chestnut Hill, flows south into the Perkiomen creek, Dubbs, Eberhard, Dickenshied, Schantz, Walter, Indian, Trun)p, Swamp, Hickens, Saucon, Kraussand Ortt's creeks are the others that drain the township. Settlements. The first settlement was

undoubtedly made in 1715, about i mile west of the Swamp Church, the building

was still standing a few years ago and the date 1715 could be still seen on the man-

tel piece, the early settlers came principally from Germany as can be seen by the names of Schuler, Eberhard, Ortt, Yeakel, etc. OLD LAND MARKS. The old roads are, Old King's High Road and the Great Philadelphia Roads j)ass through the township, Walbert's tavern near Krauss- dale was founded in 1735, is now abandoned, Larosch's tavern, between Hosensack and Ziousville on the property of the late Dr. John Ziegler, was opened in 1786, and is now abandoned, the Swamp Church built first in 1730, near the county line of Lehigh and Bucks counties, on the road leading from Dillingersville to Spinners. vlUe, it belongs to the Reformed Denomination. Chestnut Hill Union Church (L and R. Denomiaations) was founded in 1740, Schwenkfelder's Church was founded in 1755. Education. Schools were early established and among the first schools were those at the Swamp Church, 1725 —30, Hosensack, 1734, Chestnut Hill is not known, Kraussdale, 1842, the schools at the present time compare favorable with the schools of the other townships, there are 11 schools and the terra is 7 months. Industries. John and Andrew Krauss, sons of Baltzer Krauss jr. built their 29 fii(?t Or^an in 1790, and continiK-d the hiihiiicss in the vicinity of Kran.ssdale until 184<). when they moved their nuuuitactory to Palm, Montgoqiery couuty and there continued by George S. and Edwin B. Kruuss for a long time. The first grist mill was built in 1745 near Hosensack on the Hosensack creek, and was known as the Kriehel's mill, Schantz's mill, 1800, Gehrhard's mill, 17S.:), Stauffer's mill, 1786, Heiler's mill. 1780, Heipt's (Walter's) mill, 1790 and Dubb's mill, 1800, are the mills that weie built over a century ago. Among the other industries were Antrim's Casement mill, Dubb's Pottery, Dillinger's Oil mill,

Jiurkhalter's and Dul)b's Tanneries and Dubb's Forge. Limestones are found in large (juantities and limekilns for burning lime found everywhere. There are four Creameries^ in the township: namely, at Hosensack, Kraussdale, Limef)ort and Plo- ver, all of which are doing a large business.

VILLAGES. DiLMNGEiiSViLLE is situated on the road leading from Zion.s- ville to Spiunersville, was founded in 1735, contains a store, hotel and post office, is the election place of the township. Population, 1900, 50. Hosensack is situat- etl on the old King's High Koad, 12 miles southwest of Allentown, and it was founded in 1759, contains a store, hotel, creamery and post oflice. The Farmer's Alliance of the lower end of the county have their headquarters here and are in a good con-

Steinsburg, founded in 1825, and contains 2 stores, 2 hotels, post office, creamery, limestone quarries and lime kilns. Population in 1900, 100. Kraussdale, on the old King's High Road, founded in 1735, contains a creamery, grist mill and the machine shops of Krauss Brothers were until lately located here. Population in 1900, 30. Corning, on the Perkiomen R. R. coctains a store, post office and coal yard. Population in 1900, 30. Plover, on the road leading from Dillingersville to the Swomp Church, contains a store, creamery and post office, founded in 1881, by W. R. Schuler. Population in 1900. 25. JOWHILL. Bounded on the north by Heibelberg and Lynn, on the east by North Whitehall, on the south by Upper Macungie and South Whitehall and

on the west by Weisenberg. Population, 1900, 715. It is the smallest township in the county, was organized in 1753. Streams. The principal streams flowing through the township are Jordan and Lyon Creeks they furnish water pow-

er for a number of mills. Soil. The soil is very fertile, the principal grains are

raised and potatoes extensively cultivated. The surface is hilly and abounds in

springs. The principal occupation of the people is farming. Early Settle- ments. The first land warrant was made in 1743 to John Conrad Redd. The other settlers were Henry Hauser, Michael Kimbald, Richard Vodgas, John Rifle and others, OLD LAND MARKS. Mosser's mill (Hollenbach's) built in 1760. Balt- zer Fritz kept the first store in the township on the road leading from Fogelsville to Claussdale. Lowhill church was built in 1769, in the northwestern part of the

township. The third building was erected in 1858. Morganland churce is in the

southeastern part, wa.s! built in 1858, the first publec house was opened before the

Revolutionary War at Leather Corner Post, and one of the first public roads was 30

l;iid (lilt in 1813, from Christian HMitman's iiouse to the Great Phil.idelphia road. Education. The scliools are comparing well with the schools of the surrouudiiig township?, the first schools were established iu connection with the churcli, among the earlier teachers were John David jr. Jacol> Flart, John Benner and Isreul Ben

ner.

The first public liouse was opened before tlie Revolijtiv)eary war at I^catlifi Corner Post. One of the first public roads w;is laid ont in 1813, fVo!)i Clwistian Hardinan's house to the Great Philadelphia Road. VILLAGES. Weidasville, founded in 1765. Popu. ation. 1900, 100, Contains a store, hotel, grist mill, saw mill und post offico. Lyon Valley, found ed in 1845. Population, 1900, 200. Contains a store, hotel and post office- Clau.syille, founded in 1801. Population, 1900, 132. Contains a store, hotel

and post office. Leather (!orner Post, the oldest village in the t'.)wiiship contains a store and hotel. ,«f'>YNN. Bounded on the ncirth by Schuylkill county, east by Heidelberg, south county. Population, 2366. 'it by Weisfnberg, west by Berks 1900, Organ! r^ zed in 1752. Soil. The soil is productive, grain and other cereals are raised. The principal occupation of the people is farming. The first mill in the township

and probably the first in the county was erected ou Switzer's Creek in 1740, \ mile below where Greenwald's mill now stands. The first english school was established

in 1812, other schools connected with the congregations existed earlier. Free School system adopted in 1838. Ebenezer Church at New Tripoli erected iu 176L Jacob's church, Jacksonville was first built in 1750, St. Peter's church, south of Lynnville, was built iu 1857. VILLAGES. New Tripoli, founded in 1812, was first called Saegersville and was changed in 1816 to New Tripoli in honor of the success of the American

navy at Tripoli, 1815. The town is regularly laid out the streets running north and south, east and west at right angles and mostly named a fter prominent men of the United States. Has a number of stores, hotels, post office and mills. Population in 1900, 400. Jacksonville, founded in 1820. contains stores, hotels, post office and a church. Population, 1900, 329. Steinsville, founded in 1756, and is situated in the center of slate quarries, contains stores, hotels, post office, marbleyard^ mills and foundery. Population was in 1900, 596. Lynnville, founded in 180G, contains a store, hotel, post office and a schoolhouse. Population, 1900' 168 Os- WALDSVILLE, uow Raber's Corner was founded in 1860, contains a store and hotel. Poj)ulation, 1900, 26. Lynnport, f )unded in 1814, contains a store, hotel, post office mantel factory and a schoolhouse. Population, 1900, 138. New Sladedale was founded in 1854, being in the center of the township, is the election place since 1879, contains a store, hotel, and post office. Population, 1900, 100. c4*0RTH WHITEHALL. Bounded on the northeast by Northampton county il and Whitehall, southeast by South Whitehall, north we^t by Washington and q*' southwest by Lowhill. Population was in 1900, 3280, Organized in 1753.

Soil. The surface is undulating and the soil is very fertile, and all the prici- pal grains are raised. Minerals, iroti ore. liujestone and shite are found in large 3J

>|ii;m(itie.s Stricams, Tlio ]triiicijial ^^tn-aniii tluil tlraiii llic township arc ihe Jor-

EDUCATION. The schools are among the best in the county, the first

school was established in 175Jj, what is now Unioiiville, the first English school was

established at Ballicttsville in 1816. Union church in the oldast church and was

l)iiilt in 17oO,the Hrst Reformed minister was Kev. J(din I). CJross, and the first Lutheran minister was Rev. John H. Schiium. VILLAGES. BallietT8VILLK, founded in 174'J by Paul Balliett. contains

a store, hotel and post office, its population iu 1900 was 120. Unioxville, founded in 1815, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 100. Iron-

ton, founded in 1860, is situated in a rich raining district and connectd with Cop-

lay by the I ronton R. R., contains stores, hotels and post office. Population, 1900

oOO. RicHsvii.LR, founded in 1800, contains a store, hotel and post office. Pop- ulation, 1900, 112, SiEGERSviLLE, fouuded in 1750, contains a store, hotel and

post oHice, is situated in a rich mining district. Population, 1900,125. Schneck.s viLLK, founded in 1845, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 20. IvAUKY, founded in 1832, contains stores, hotels, Lehigh Valley Supply house

and Repair shops, flour niills and post office, and Laury's Island in the Leliigh Riv

er IS a wellknown summer resort. Population, 1900, 250. Rockdale, founded in 1856, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 150. Kerns- viLLE, founrled in 1806, contains a store and hotel. Population, 1900, 60. JALISIjURY. Bounded on the northeast by the Lehigh River, northwest by Wldtehall, southeast by Upper Saucon, southwest by Upper Milford and Low-

{ er Macungie. Population, 1900, 4583. Organized in 1753 as a township.

Soil. The surface is rolling and the soil very fertile and productive. The Ivehigh Mountains form the southern boundary, between Salisbury and Upper Sau- con. Stream-S. The most important streams that drain the township are the Little Lehigh, Trout and Little Trout creeks. Occupations. Farming, manufacturing

and mining. Iron ore is found along the Lehigh Mountains. .Skitlements. The

first settlement was made in 1786, on what is now the Geissinger's farm on tho Le- high River, by Solomon Jennings.

OLD LAND MARKS. The first public hou.se licensed in 1786, and kept

by Martin Ritter. Salisbury church built in 1741 is situated on a hill overlooking the Little Lehigh creek, H miles north of Emaus, the first Lutheran minister was the Rev- J. W. Straub, the first Reformed minister known was the Rev. J. P. Ley-

stood on the site of the present one, the graveyaad belonging to it is still in use,

the present church was erected in 1843, the first Lutheran minister of the present

church was the late venerable Rev. Joshua Yeager, the first Reformed minister was the Rev. Max Stem, the Mouutainville Evangelical church was built in 1893. EDUCATION. Salisbury had a few schools originally, those living near 32

Bethk'i)ein ftcnt their cbiklreu ti) lliat place, lliose living; near Eiiiau.s to that place and lliuse liviug iu ihe vicinity uf'tlie Sali.sbiirv fluireh to that phice" One of the oldest school houses was Markle'.s l)iiilt in 1820, the schools a le in a line condition and conipaie well with the otlier schools of the eonnty. VILLAGES. IMouNTAiKvn.Li:, founded in 1856, contains stores, hotels, church, carriage iactory and post offlce, is on the Allcntown and C()()[)ersburg Turn })ike and Allentowu and Eniaus Electric Road. Population, 1900, 250. South Alm:]STOWN. a suburb of Alleutown. contains a nund)er of stores, hotels, churches flour mill, furnace, and the Alleutown and Bethlehem Electric Road passes through it

Population, 1900, 1000. The State Fishery in the western part of Salisbury, is a fine place for pleasure parties and the fish hatchery is well worth visiting. /i>OUTH WHITEHALL. Bounded on the northwest by North Whitehall, north

1^ east by Whitehall, southeast by Salisbury and southwest by Upper and Low-

the famous Iron Bridge which spans it, the length of which is 11G5 feet, consisting of 11 spans af 100 feet each sui)ported by a sinies of suspension trusses. OLD LAND MARKS. Tho old roads are the Alleutown and Easton and the Mauch Chunk roads. The Jordan Lutheran church is the oldest in the township, fouded in 1744, the minister was the Rev. Berkenstock, Jordan Reformed church founded in 1752, the first minister was the K^v. J. H. Goetchius, Cedarville Union church founded in 1855, the first Lutheran minister was Rev. Jeremiah Schindel, the first Reformed minister was Rev. Joseph Dubbs. The same year the Evangelical chu rch was built. EDUCATION. The earliest schools of the township were those that were connected with the Jordan Lutheran and Reformed churches and were opened the same time. The schools of the township are up witli the other schools of the county VILLAGES. Cedakville(Cetronia), founded in 1850, by CharlesMertz contains a store, hotel, 3 churches, flour mills and post ofllce. Doruey's Fish Wi-, er and Park a quarter mile west, is a fine summer resort, the Allentown and Kutz- town Electric Road passes the village and Doruey's Park. Population, lOOO, 150.. Ckackersi'Okt, a small village contains a store, hotel and carriage factory. Pop- lation, 1900, 90. Griesemerville, founded in 1806, by Abraham Griesemer, con tains a hotel, limekilns and the Duck Farm is located here, the A. and K. Eclectic

road passes through it. Po{)ulation, 1900. 150. Gutiisville, founded in 1780 contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 50. Mechanicisville^ founded in 1823 by John Scheirer, contains a store and hotel. Population, 1900' 33

12-3. ()iii;i-iKi>D, foil III If I ill l>Sl-> by Joseph KeiM .contains a rit(M-(j, hotel, post ofHcu, etc. ropiilation, 19()(), 1()4. Wej^nersvii-le, foiinded in 1837 by William Wen- ner, contains a store, hotel, schoolhoiise and church. Population, 1900, 40. 8nv- DEKSVILKE, founded in 1835 by George Snyder, e(jntains a hotel and some dwell- in;j«. Population, 1900,25. GuTii's Station, on the C. and F. K. K., contains a store, hotel, etc. Population, 1900, 40. Vj-PPER MACUNGIE. Bounded on the northeast by South Whitehall, south-

'J J east by Lower Macungie, northwest by Lowhill and Weisseuberg and on the '^* si)uthwest by Berks county. The meaning of the word Macungie is of Ind- ian origen and mean.s the "eating place of l.iears." When food became scarce upon the mountains the bears came to the valleys below for food, hence the name, Popui-ATION was in 1900, 2084. Organized as a township in 1742. Settlement. Tiie first settlement was made in 1729 at Spring Creek near Trexlertown, later known as the Schwartz farm by Jeremi;ih Trexler and children. The first public road through the township was made in 1732, from Trexlertown to Goshenhoppen.

Soil. The surfaoe is level, the soil is fertile and productive, and is of limestone formation. MiNERAiS. Iron ore and limestones are found in large quantities in the vicinities of Fogelsville, Breinigsville and Trexlertown, the Catasauqua and Fogels- ville K. K. passes through the township and is an outlet for the same. Streams. The principal streams that drain the township are the Macungie creek which flows southeast into the Spring creek, Spring creek flows into the Little Lehigh creek, Haas creek flows in the northern part and empties into the Jordan creek, Cedar creek, in the southeastern part rises in Schantz spring, and empties into the Little

Lohigli creek at Schreiber's ]Mill, turning many mills in its course. Schantz Sprin"- is a very large spring, such a volume of water comes forth that a grist mill and a saw mill are running by the water power furnished by the same. VILLAGES. Breinigsville, contains stores, hotels, schools, churches and post office, and the A. and K. trolley line passes through the village. Popu- lation, 1900, 213. CiiAPMANS, on the C. and F. R. R., contains a store, hotel, po.st office and a coal and lumber yard. Population, 1900, GO. Trexlertown, the oldest town in the township and is on the C. and F. R. R. and on the A. and K. trolley line, 8 miles from Allentown, contains stores, hotels, a Lutheran and Re- formed church, post, office, coal and lumber yard,s, graded school and Masonic Hall. Population, I9i)0, 345. Fogelsville, founded in 1798 by Judge John Fogel, contains stores, hotels, churches, schools, post office and a coal, grain and lumber depot, on the C. and F. R. R. Population, 1900, 638. VrPPER MILFORD. Bounded on the northeast by Salisbury and Upper Sau-

'J 1 con, southeast by Lower Milford, northwest by Lower Macungie, southwest ^t by Berks county. The form is rectangular and formed into a separate town-

ship in 1852. Population was in 1900, 2712. Soil, The surface is hilly and the soil is fertile, being principally gravel and red shale, productive. Iron ore of different kinds are found. Streams. Perkiomen creek flows through the we«t crn [lart in the form of a horse shoe, Leiberl's creek is in the northeastern part and 34

Hi)\vs through Leibert's Ga|) and emptios iulo the Little Lehigh cieck, P'etter man's

creek is ill the northern part empties into Leibert's creek at Veia Cruz, Miller',

creek is in the northern part empties into the Little Lehigh creek. SSkttlkments.

The first, settlement was niade at or near Old Zionsville in 17o;5, by the Mennonites The township was organized in 1734, included at first in Bucks county. OLD LAND MARflS. The first road was the King's High road leading through Sliimerville and Zionsville from Trexlertown to Goshenhoj)pen, 1736, the

second road was the Great Philadelphia road, laid out in 1740. it began at the King's High road to iMauch Chunk, the third road was laid out at the same time from Pjrnaus to Chestnut Hill. Among the old sites are Fisher's tavern between yhimervillL' and Macungie, on the King's High road, opened [)rior to 1795. by Ja- cob Fisher, the property being now owned by the late Hon. C. H. Foster of Jack- sonville, Lehigh county, Seider's tavern, opened in 1785 by George Seiders, on the G-ieat Philadelphia road upon the property now owned by the Hon. U. H. Wieand. The early churches were Zionsville Reformed church founded in 1750, Rev. John

E. Hecker was the first minister. Zionsville Lutheran church founded in 1735, Rev. L, H. Schrecke was the first minister. The Mennonite church f)unded in

1735. the first minister is not known, St. Peter's church founded in 1843, Revs. D. Kohler and H. Bassler the first Lutheran and Reformed ministers. The Evangel- cal founded in 1830 by Bishop John Seybert; the Mennonite Brethern church

founded in 1857 by the Rev, Willium Gehman, who had withdrawn from the Men- nonite church on account of differences of religious doctrine.

EDUCATION. The first schools were established in connection with the

founding of the first settlements, in 1735 by the Mennonites at Zionsville, the schools of the township compare well with the schools of the rest of the county, there are at present 15 schools both graded and ungraded, term 7 months. VILLAGES. Oi-D ZiONSviLT.E, founded in 1734, on the old King's High road and Hereford & Shimerville turnpike, contains 4 stores, a hotel, 2churche^s]and

post office. Population, 1900; 160. Zionsville, founded in 1876, on thePerkio- men R. R., contains a store, hotel, coal yard, flour and feed store and post office. Population, 1900, 100. Shimerville, on the old King's High road and H. and

S, turnpike, founded in 1734 by Durk Jansen, contains a store, hotel and post office, Population, 1900. 40, Powder Valley, on the Indian creek, contains a store, pottery and post office. Population, 1900, 25. Sigmund, situated in the Perkio- men valley and on the site where Hampton Furnace stood and whose ruins can

still be seen, contains a store, creamery and post office. Population, 1900, 20. Vera Cruz, on the Great Philadelphia road, founded in 1763, contains a store, hotel, creamery and post office. Population, 1900,106. Vera Cruz Station, on the Perkiomen R. R., contains a flour and feed store, coal yard and depot. Pop- ulation, 1900, 30. Dillinger's, Perkiomen R. R., contains a store, flour and feed

store, coal yard and post office. Population, 1900, 20. West Emaus, a suburb

of Eraaus, contains several hotels, Printing office, pipe works, furnace, meat mark-

et, 2 coal and lumber yards and Miller's Park. Populatirn, 1900, 500. 35

fPPEll FALCON. Uouiultil oil the iioitlieiist Ijy Lower Saucou towiisliip, Nor- tlmmptcMi county, southeast by SpriiiLjfield township, Bucks county, northwest by .Salisbury, southwest by Upper Milford. Populatiox, in 1900, 2271 Soil. The surface is diversified, the Lehigh or South Mountains are in the

northern {)art, The valleys are of limestone formation, the soil is very fertile and liighly cultivated and large crops are raised, Minerals. Iron ore, limestones are found in quantities, and the famous zinc mines of Friedensville are in this township.

StjM'JAMS. The township is well drained by the numerous small streams that flcnv

through it, Saucou creek is the principal one and a number of milLs are turned by it. Settlement. The first settlement was nuide near Coo(>ersbur2: in 17o0, by Eng-

lish, Gernum and Welsh settlers. Organized as a townshij) in 1743.

OLD LAND MARKS. The first public road was laid out in 1750, from Heller's tavern, Lanark across the Lehigh Mountains. The Mennoniie Meeting

House near Coopersburg wjus first built in 1738, Blue church, (Lutheran and lie-

formed) founded in 1740, the first Lutharan minister was Kev. Henry I\I. Muhlen" berg, the first Reformed minister was Rev. Mr. Hofi'meier, Friedensville church

founded in 1793, the first Lutheran minister was Ivev. John C. Yeager, the first Re- f(prme

pikes pass through the township. The North Pennsylvania branch of the Phila-

del|)hia and Reading R. R., passes also through it, affording an easy outlet for the products raised and produced by the farmers.

EDUCATION. The first school was established in 1738 near Coopers- burg, the schools are in an excellent condition and keep apace with the schools of the other townships of the county.

VILLAGES. Centre Vali,ev, on the North Pennsylvania R. R., contains a number of stores, hotels, a church, a mill and post office. Poj)ulation, 1900, ~)27. , Fi:iEi)ENsvii.LE, contains several stores, liDtel-, churches and post office, and the famous Zinc mines arc located here. Population, 1900, 363. Locust Valley SrRiN(; Valley and Lanark, small post villages and contain each a store and a hotel, There are also several creameries within the townshi]).

The following anectlute of the early settlers has been told the writer by one whose grandfather had been at the place where ha[)pened. On a certain day an Indian came to the blacksmith .^hop at Lanark, to have some work done, when the bhuksmith told him that if he would furnish the fuel he woidd do the work, and the Inilian said if that wa* all that was ie(piired he would get him some coal, and he went away and soon rtturned with coal enough to have his work done, where about he got his coal is x mystery till this day, rumor has spread time and lime

again tiuit the Lehigh Mountains contain a deposit of coal and search for it has

been made in vain llius far to discover the place wheie the Indian got his coal. 3(^

i.*,-| ASillNUTOxS. liomiiled u\i the norlli by Carbtdi (.ouiily, nortliciiBt by Nor-

4I[| thampton cuunty, southeast by North Wliitchall, west by Heidelberg. Por-

face is generally level, ihetoil is very fertile ami the grains raised are similar to those of the surrounding townships, and j-late is the principal industry, they are found in large (pianfities ail over the township, the slate are used for roofing slate school slates, black .l)oard .-urface, etc. Strkams. The princijial streanisthat drain the township are the Trout and L'ttlc Trout creeks Skttlement. The ti.ist settlement was made in 1742, between L'nionville and Slatington by Cas[>er Peters. EDUCATION. The Hrst school of wiiieli there is any record vvas established in 1812, and the schools at the present lime are e(}ual to the schools of the sarrounding townsliips, they are steaiiily advancing. VILLAGES. Fkiepensvilli:, founded in 1847 cinitains a store and a church, (Lutheran and Reformed). Population, 1900. 100. Slatedale, on tlie Berks and Lehigh R. R., contains stores, hotels, churches and poet office. Popu- lation, 1900, 400. Wii-EiAMsrowx, contains a store, hotel and church. Popula- tion 1900, 150. Fkanklin, contains a store, hotel and slate mantel factory, etc. Population, 1900, 100. ,'^ifUHITEHALL. Bounded (m the north by North Whitehall, east byNorthamp- 4M ton county and Hanover, south by AUentown, west by South Whitehall Or Organized in 1867. PoruEATioN, 1900, 7935. Soil. The soil is very fer-

tile and of limestone formation, slate and gravel, iron ore and slate are found in large quantities. Streams. The principal streams that drfin the township are the Jordan, Coplay and Mill creeks. The Lehigh Valley and Catasauqua and Fogelsville R. Rs., pass through the townshi|) and aflbrd an easy outlet for the products of the farmers, the iron ore, slate and cement. Setteement. The first settlement was made near Egypt in 173:j, by s une emigrants from Germany, EDUCATION. The first schoid in the township was in connection with the Egypt church, 1733, the schools of the township are among the best in tlie county, there are both graded and ungraded, term 9 months. OccL I'ATiox. The people are employed in farming, dairying, mining, tpiar- ryiog and manufacturing. Cement works are found at Egypt and Cementon. VILLAGES. Whitehaee, founded in 1770, by John Siegfried, contains

stores, hotels, churches, post office and is on the Lehigh Valley R. R. Population, 1900, 300. West Catasaequa, a sub urb of Catasauqua and contains stores, ho-

tels, founderies, manufactories of various kinds and graded schools. Population, 1900, 1500. FuLLEiiTON, founded in 1862, contains ear shops, wheel and forge works, rolling mill, foundery, stores, hotels, churches, schools and post office.

On tiie Lehigh Valley R. R. Population, 1900, 650. Egypt, founded in 1733, contains stores, hotel.?, churches, scliools and post office, the first church in the township was built at this place in 1733. Population, 1900, 380. Cementon, Laury's, Mickley's arc growing towns along the Lehigh Valley R. R. and have post offices. 37

Cala.-;au(jua, Egyi)t, Fiillerluu aud ^icgtriud arc cniiiiuctcd with AUeutown by E- Itctric roads. TTIEISvSENBERG. Hounded on the northeast by Lowhill, southeast by Upper \^ Macungie, northwest by Lynn, southwest by Berlin couuty. Population. 1900, 1366, Son,. The surface hilly and broken, the soil is gravel, being well cultivated usually large crops are raised. Streams. The following streams drain the township, the Jordan, vSpring, .Schatt'er's run, Haas, Lyon, Wil- low, Weiss, Ilolben, Sweitzer and Silver creeks. Farming and manufacturing are the principal pursuits of the |)eople. Tanneries and distilleries are the principal.

Settlments. The first settlement was made in 1734, in the vicinity of the Ziegle's church by j)eople from Palatinate and Switzerland. OLD LAND MARKS. Ziegle's church founded in 1744, Kev. Jacob Schertlein was the first Lutheran minister and Rev. P. J- Michael was the first Re- ff)rnied minister, Weissenberg church in the northeast corner of the township wa« founded in 1754, Rev. Jacob F. Schertlein was the first Lutheran minister. Rev. R.

Kidenweiler was the first Reformed minister.

EDUCATION. The first schools were established as soon as the first set- tienients were made, the schools of the township are making the same progress as in the stirrounding townships, term is 7 months. VILLAGES, Seip.stown, founded in 1820, contains stores, hotel, church, post office. Population, 1900, 200, Hynemaxsviple, founded in 1740, is in the central part, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 100. Sei- berlikgsville, founded in 1790, contains a store, hotel post office. Population,

1900, 2.1. New Smithville, founded in 1812, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, 1900, 30. Werleysville, founded in 1838, contains a store, hotel etc. Population, 1900, 30. CHAPTER X. County Seat and Boroughs.

is seat, AHentown, («| LLENTOWN. riic only rity in Leliiyh county the county 1 the Queen city of the Valley, was founded in 17G2 by James Allen from

^^ whom it received its name. The first settlement was however made in 1751,

is l)eautifully situated on tlie west l)anks of the Lehigh river and the mouths of Jordan and the Little Lehigh creeks. Is beautifully laid out, the streets run north and south, east and west, crossing each other at right angles, Hamilton street running east and west is the principal thoroughftire and over two miles long, it has a fine public s(iuare at 7th and Hamilton streets formerly called Centre Square, now called Monument Scjuare on account of the beautiful monument erected there to the memory of the Soldiers and Sailors of the Civil War, 1861-65. The high flood of 1841, the failure of the Northampton Bank in 1843 and the f^reat fire of 1848, is known as the disastrous decade, out of which tie city like a magic sprung forth and was more substantially built. The building (jf rail roads helped to advance the growth of the city. Among the pubic buildings are the Court house, banking buildings, business houses, market house, tine hotels. Op- era houses, Hospital, fine large })ublic school buildings, the Fair Grounds and Duild- in'-'s of the Lehigh county Agricultural Society and Cemeteries. MANUFACTORIES. The city has many and various kinds industries, among which are the following; furnaces, fouiideries, wire mills, boiler works, silk mills, breweries, thread unlls, cigar factories, carriage fixctories, shoe factories, fire brick and building bricks, flour mills, machine shops, planing mill;, oil refineries, blank book manufactory, furniture factories, etc., which give employment to n.any

])i'ople. NEWSPAPERS, The oldest paper published in the county is the Uxab iiAEKKiK REi'iiiiLiKANiOK, established in 1810 by C. J. Hutter, has a large circulation among the German reading public, FraiiJ)P:NSBOTE, a German |)apere.«tab lished in 1812 by Josepli Ehrenfried and Henry Ebner. Welt boti;, founded in 1854 by B. F. Troder, both of the last named papers have large circulations, the Lecha Patjiot, a weekly paper founded in 1828 by John D. Roney, and the J^eciia

P)()te, a tri-weeklv ftuuded in 1869, have been discontinued. The English papers

])ublislied are the Democrat, 1837, the Lehigh Register, 1846, are two large week-

lies and have large circulations, the dailies are the Chronicle and News, City Item and Morning Call, all of which have large circulations. The following papers had been published and merged into the other daily papers; Daily News and Daily Herald. Several religious papers are also published. The National Educator,

1860 l)y Rev Dr. A. R. Home, an educational pajier which has a lirge circulation among the teachers of Lehigh and neighboring counties. 3^

Er)r('A'ri()X. ScIkioI,- were. i'ailyi'st.al)li>lif(l :iii

III l)olli llic ]']iii;li

Iri.sh !<(jltlfiiieiils, Allen t(i\\iit;lii|i, N()rtliani|ilori county. Mr. Brown Wius the name

il' the lir^t teacher known, and taken as a whole the teachers were al)le instructor.-:.

Tlie scIkjoIs were kept in private iioiises until 177-'-5, when tlie Urst .schoolhouse was elected in the rear of what i.^ now Zibn's Reformed Church, and was in the shape of an Octagon. The schools of that time were all subscription schools. A school for

;j;irls was opened in IH]."!, ni^ht schools were in operation lr(jiii IcSl.'l Li 1 H^."). A1-

Kntown Academy wa.s opened in 1831, a Jjailies Seminary, in 184IS. liy Act of As.sembly, the borough of Alleiitowu, Salisbury and Northampton townships paid §421.71 in 181^4, for the instruction of their poor children. In \KV4, Allentown alone paid for the sjune [)urpose $4o4.77. The free school system was adopted in 1

I'rof. K. W. Alpine, the first city superintendent of schools, Prof. R. K. Buehrle, the lirst graduating cla.ss of the high school in 18(i!J. Muhlenberg (Jollege belonging to the Lutheran church, and Allentown Female College belonging to the Ke- formed church, are two well and widely known institutions of higher learning, and adiird all the reipiirement--; neces.sary for a complete collegiate education, and the

Allentown and the American Business Colleges are located in the city and an well patronized l)y the community. DENOMINATION'S. The following religiou.s lienominations have a strong foothold in the city, the Lutheran, Reformed, }*resbyterians, Baptist, United Breth ern, Free Methodist, Evangelical Association, United Evangelical, Methodist Epis copal and Catholics, all of which have fine church edifices. The Jews. Mcnnonite Britliern in Christ, Moravians and others are represented but have no churches of their own and worship in halls and other places. SOCIETIES. There are many secret and beneficial societies which have a large menibership. And the city has several of the finest bands that can be found in any city, and other fine musical organizations,

' TRANSPORTION FACILTriES. The following rail roads terminate and pass through the city, giving it grent facilities for traveling and for transpor- tation, east, west, north and south, to iSew "^'ork, Philadelphia, Buflalo, Chicago, the coal region? and other points: the Jvehigh N'allcy li. H. and Lehigh and Sus-

Egypt. Email-, llcllertown. Maciingie. Nazareth. Siegfried and intermediate points. HISTORY. Incorporated as a borough in l-Sll. called Northampton, the name changed to Allentown in 18'i8, became the county seat in 1.S12, made a city in 1SG7; its limits include the townshi]) of Xorlhampton and adjacent parts of Sal- 40

isl)nry :iii(l WiiiLchull towuships, containing ;>. 14 .-ijuare niilei^ or 2011. 27 acres

Tiie first store was opened by Peter Snyder in 17U4, the stcond btoro, by George

Graff near the iMouninent Square in 1795, in a red building, which was taken po;:- session of in 1800 by James Wilson and continued by the same until 1815 when he took into partnership Mr. Selfridge. trading as Wilson & Selfridge till 1845. The firt hotel was opened in 1704 by George Wolf, the first post office established in 1812, before that time the people received their mail at Bethlehem, George Sa- vitz, the first postmaster. First Burgess, Peter Rhoads, 1811, the first Mayor, iSani- ulI McHose, 1867. Population, I'JOO, 85,410. CATASAUQUA. This thriving borough is situated on the left bank of the Le high river, 3 miles north of Allentown with which it is connected by an Elec- tric road, the Lehigh Valley and Lehigh and Susquehanna R. R.s, and the eastern terminus of the Catasauqua and Fogelsville R. R. It was founded in l8oi>

Population, 1900, 3,968. It derived its name from the creek of the same name which empties into the Lehigh river below the town, it is an Indian name. Incor- porated as a borough in 1853.

It is busy manufacturing town, the following are the jjrincipal work^;; the Crane Iron works founded by David Thomas, Catasauqua Manufacturing Compa- ny, founderies; Rofling mill, Horseshoe works, Fire brick works, Planing mills, Grist mills, Gas works. Water works, Silk mills and several Ne\vsj)a{)ers. The Religious Denominations of the town are the Lutheran, Reformed, Con gregational, Presbyterians, Baptist, Evangelical Association, United Evangelical and Catholic.

EDUCATION. Before it was incorporated as a borough, the schools of the township were embraced in the Hanover School district, the first school within the borough was located on Race street. All the school buildings are of brick struct ure and of modern improvement. The High school was established in 1863, R. C'.

Hammersly was the first principal of the high school. €OPLAY, Founded in 1853, Population, 1900, 1581. Is situated on the same side of the Lehigh river as Hokendauqua, and was the "eat of the Cop- lay iron works and has Cement works, a number of stores, hotels, churches, graded schools and the Lehigh Valley R. R. passes through it, and is connected with Allentown by an Electric road. eOOPERSBURG. Founded in 1818. Population, 1900,556. on the North Pennsylvania R. R contains stores, hotels, factories, clmrches, graded sclmol^ and Cooj)er's Stock farm. Incorporated as a borough in 1879. eMAUS. Founded in 1747 by the Moravians. Population, 1900, 1468. Is on the fjast Pennsylvania Branch of the P. and R. Railroad and the Perkiomen Railroad, contains stores, hotels, silk mill, cigar f;i(;tories, furnace, foutidery, graded schools and churches. Incorporated as a bonnigh in 1859. And connecled with Allentown by the Allentown and Emaus Electric road. TOUNTAINHILL. A sub urb of South Bethlehem, founded in 1850. Popu- lation, 190t.), 1214. Contains stores, hotels, brick yards, etc. the Electric road

connects it with Allentown and Bethlehem. 41

SOKIvNOArt^'^'A. Ttii,- ihriviiij^ tuwii i> hituiited un the rifrliL l)aiiks (»t" the Lehigh river, fouiihed in 1854, Population, llJOO, 1000. The seat of the

Thomas Iron Works, has number of store;*, h.)tels, churche.« and graded scliools is an independent school di.-trict. On the Lehigh Valley R. R. and connected willi Allen town by an Electric road.

mACUNGIE. Founded in 1776 and is 4 niile.s west ofEinaus. witli vvhicli it

isc(-nnecte

$LATINGTOX. Founded in 1S51 and is situated on the right hank of the Le-

high river, on the Lehigh Valley R. R. and is the eastern terminus of tlu'

Berks and Lehigh R. R. 20 miles north of Allentown, by which it is connected by the Allentown and .Slatington Electric road. Population, 1900, 8773. In- corporated in 1S04, contains numerous stores, hotels, water works, rolling mill, factories, several newspai)ers, national bank, churches and graded schools, the high school was established in 1864, H. A. Kline was the first princi])al of the high school.

It is in the center of the Lehigh slate region and the slate quarries and slate factories where are manufactured school, mantel, blackboard, etc. of all kinds, i-^ the principal industry of the place.

T7| KST PETHLEHEVI. Founded in 186U, is situated on the leftt bank of the \%P Lehigh river and Monocacy creek. Population, 1900, 3465. Incorporated as a borough in 1880, contains stores, holels, silk mill, factories, founderies, churches graded schools, connected with Allentown bv an Electric road and turn

jtike, and Bethlehem by a fine iron bjidge. EDUCATION. The schools of all the bonnighs are in a tine and flourish-

ing condition, haVing a regular course of study and the i)upil of the high schools, passing through a four yef>rs course of study graduate therefrom and are able to enter the schoolroom as teachers or enter other vocations. The schools compare with the best in the state and are under a suj)ervising principal, the schools are also under the supervision of the County .Suj>erinlendent of Schools. CHAPTER XI.

County Olficers. /jI^OUNTY officers. County Commibsioneks. There are three Couniy commissioners eleeted for three years, they correct the assessment or valna- II M^ tion ol' taxable property, fix the rate of the county tax. They pay the county bills by orders drawn on the county treasurer, erect the county ljulldiug.s, as well as the larger bridges They are paid $.').oO per day actual time spent in the discharge of the duties of iheir office. No person can vote for more than two commis.-^ioners so as to allow the minority party to elect one commissioner.

County Trkasukek. He is elected for three years, and cannot lie re-elected to succeed himself, he receives the state and county taxes, pays the former to the State Treasurer, the latter he uses to [)ay such bills as are approved by the commissioners. He receives a certain percentage on all the money paid out of the treasurv, which is fixed by the commissioners and approved by tlie auditors. He also receives a percentage on all the state tax that pass through his hands, as well as on special taxes that may oome into his hands. He gives a heavy bond for th( faithful performance of his duties.

Sheriff. He is elected for three years and is the county's chief executive officer he serves writs and suuHuons of the court, sujrpresses serious disturbances and protect property, he sells property for debit of the owner, when execution has been ordered by the court. He makes arrests and has charge of the criminal^ dur in"- their trials and delivers them to the jails or penitentiary, in the. smaller counties is the jailer, and with the jury commissioners he draws the juries and summons those whose names have been drawu. He gives notices of the elections by adver- tisements in the ncM'spapers or hand bills. His salary is fixed by laws and are paid in fees, he gives bonds for the faithful performaDce of liis duties, he cannot be re-e- lected to succeed himselt.

Pkothonotary. He is elected for three years and is clerk of tlic court of Common Pleas, he makes up and keeps records of the court, issues its writs and summons and calls up the jurors and administers tlie oaths to the witnesses. He enters in bixjks the judgments, mechanics liens and keeps a record of the state and national elections returns. His salary is paid in fees fixed by law.

Clkkk Of (^iJARTicii Session.s. He is elected for three years und keeps a record of this court, calls up juJors and administer the oaths to witnesses, he lias charge of laying out of roads, the granting of liijuor licenses and keeps a record of all township, borough and city elections held in tlie county. His salary is paid' by fees fixed by law.

Clerk Of OuI'HAn's CoUltT. He is elected for three year.> and keeps ;i record of the Orphan's court. His salary is paid by fees. 43

Iii;(iisTi;K <)i' Wills. He i.s t'li-ctcil lur lliii't; years, probates Llie wills k't'i

l)\' citi/t'iis oftlic eoMiilv at tla'ir deatli, lu* issiu's to llie executors letters tcstaiiieii-

tarv, and il'iio executor or executors liave been appointed by tlie will, appoints ad-

min intra torti, issues to them letters of administration, cMjpies the wills in hooks and

kre|)s the wills safely themselves. He

his duties, he is paid by fees.

RkcohT'ER Oi" Deeds. He is elected for three years, records all deeds and

luortgajxes, and his salary is paid by fees.

CoRONEU. He is elected for three years, iuijuires into the cau.-e and man-

ner of death of any person who is slain, or is accidentally killed or dies suddenly,

by summoning a jury of 6 men, if the jury finds any one guilty of homicide, it is

the duty of the coroner's jury to commit him to jail. The Coroner performs the duties of the sheriff in case of the latter's death or removal from ofHce, until a new sheriff is ap])ointed. His salary is paid by fees.

District Attorney, tie is elected for three years and is public f>rosoc'!-

tor, conducts the trials (

a lawyer and is paid by fees by the county.

County SriiVEY'Oti. He is elected for three yoiirs aad is the oHiciai county surveyor. Jury CoMMissi(JNEr:s. There are two Jury commissioners elected for three

vi'ars, a person can vote only for one candidate so that each party is represented.

They with the sheriffdraw the jurors from the list of persons selected by the jury

commissioners and the judge. They receive §2. 50 for each day spent in the discharge of their duties, Directors Of The Poor. They are elected for three years and have ov- erseer of the ])oor and the management of the Alms or Po(jr house. Their saiarv

is SlOO per year.

Mercantile Appraiser. He is a])p(jinted by the county c(»mmissioners

I'or one year, he makes estimates on the amount of business done by the dealers in

the'county, upon which a state tax is paid. He receives 75 cents for visiting each place of l)usiness. CouxTY Auditors. They are elected for three years and one can vote for only two of them so as to give minority Jiarty a member too, they have the disburs- ment of the public fund. They see that the taxes and other duties are cidlected

and accounted for. Their salary is .$.'5.00 for each day they spent in the discharge ef their duties.

Prison Inspectors. They aie appointed l)y the court and tlu' county com

;iii.-,-ioners for one year, they hav(! charge of the |)iison aiiairs. They receive a small salary.

County 8ui'ERiNTENLtj;N'j' ( )f .Si iiooi.s. He is elected by the school directors of the county for three years, he has charge of the schools of the county, he holds teachers examinations and grants a provisional certificate to those that suc-

'•essfully pass the examination which is good for one year only, he also grants a 44 professional certificate to those that have acquired skill in the art of teaching, good for during his term office of three years and can be renewed without examination by him. and is good for one year under his successor. He holds the annual county Teachers Institute and local institutes, collects and transmits the reports and sta- tistics of the schools to the Department of Public Instruction. Salary, S1500. fijl^OWNSHIP OFFICERS. Assf>sor. He is elected for three years and makes li an assessment of the real estate and other property in the township, and re- n ports the same to the county Commissioners, upon which all taxes are laid- prepares each year a list of all the voters of the township, a co[)y of which he must place on the door of the building where the elections are held. His salary is S2.00 per day tor actual work done. Supervisors. They are elected for one year except where otherwise the law directs, their duties are the making and repairing the roads and bridges of the township. They fix and collect a road tax to pay the expenses of the same, they represent the township in its corporate body in all things exccj)t school matters. They receive from $1 to $2 per day for the time spent in work and 5 jjcr cent for collecting the road tax. School Directors. Every year two school directors are chosen who serve for 3 years, making 6 directors in all, their duties are to provide school facilities for all the children of school age in the township between the age of 6 and 21 years, they built and care for the schoolhousee and grounds, employ the teachers, fix their salaries and the length of school term at not less than 7 months, adopt the books that are to be used and make rules for the government of the schools and supervise their work. They determine the school tax to be levied for school purposes, have the right to borrow money for erecting school buildings or|purchasi!ig grounds, they receive no pay for their services.

Tax Collector. He is elected every year and collects the state and county tax, his commission is from 2 to 5 per cent on all the money collected. Town Clerk. He is elected for one year and serves as clerk to the supervisors, keep the township record and the record of stray animals. This officer has few if any duties to perform and is not deemed of much importance. Auditors. One Auditor is elected every year to serve for three years, the three Auditors meet once a year and audit the accounts of the township officers, which they post in written or printed handbills, detailing the receij>t8 and expen- ditures of the township officers in different parts of the township, they receive S2.0(» a day for each day of actual duty. Justice Of The Peace, Each township elects two Justices of the Peace for terms of 5 yrs., commissioned by the governor, has jurisdiction anywhere within the county, issues warrants of arrest and for minor offeeces inflicts punishment by fine, rarely by imprisonment, generally he sends the case to court. For light crimes he may release the j)risoner on bail until court, if he cannot get bail, he must await trial in jail, for grave crimes the justice must sent the accused to jail, when he can only be released by the Judge through a writ of habeas corpus, suits for debts not exceeding $300.00 may be brought before a justice of the peace and where his de- 45

ci-sion involve? not nioro tliiiu ?.")..'].'> it is liiial, ifiiiDrc it cim hu appualed to coiiit. Adiuinisters oaths or afHrniations, acknowlcilges det-ds and other papers, issue.s search warrants, authorized to i)erf()rin tlie marriage ceremony, his pay i.s from iees paid by the parties interested and are fixed by law.

Constable. He is elected for three years, preserves tlie peace of the town- shiu, makes arrests upon warrants issued by the justice of the peace, takes persons to jail if conimittad by the justice, serves subpoenas upon witnesses, and summons es in civil suits. He makes searches of suspected premises for stolen g(K)ds, seizos and sells debtors profxjrty upon the justice's execution. He gives official notice by

])osters of township ele<;tions and four times a year is required to attend the court of (Quarter Sessions and report violations of law of which lie haa any knowledjje.

He is {)aid by fees which are fixed by law.

Township Trea-surek. He is elected for one year and has charge ot the funds of the township and gives bail for the performance of his duties. r-'vvOROUGH OFFICERS, Chief Burge.ss, He is the executive officer of the

•jjtl boiough, he enforces the ordinances ot the Council, preserves the order and the C; peace of the borough. He may punish ofienders by fine and short imprison-

ment, term is 3 years and is elected by the people of the borough. CoUNCii.. They are elected for three years, one third going out of oOice ev ery year, they have control of ihe streets and sidewalks, of the nuisances, provide i'.ir the lighting of the streets, water for general use, for protection from fires, lays taxes forpaying the borough ex[)enses, may borrow money for borough improvements. The other officers are the .school directors, consUiblc, treasurer, supervisor auditors whose duties are the same as those of the township. /.'vITY OFFICERS. xMayok. The executive oflicer of a city is the Mayor, his judicial. other officers the Aldermen, control! ]j duties are executive and The ^^ er, assessors, collector of tazes, street commissioner, treasurer, solicitor, health

officer police, auditors, superintendent of schools, sometimes other officers.

A city is divided into wards of convenient size and the officers are similar to those of the township. The laws are called ordinances and are enacted by the select and common councils and signed by the mayor or if he has any objections to the same, he vetoes them. A city has a charter under which it operates. — 3

CHAPTER XII.

Civil List.

Members of Congress from Lehigh county. 4®"Thc figures at the end of each name represent in which congress he .served: for example, Jcseph Frey, 1827-1831. 20 and 21 mean that he was a member of the 20th and 21st congress. Joseph Frey, 1827-1831. 20 imd 21. Thomas B. Cooper,* 1861 .37. Henry King, 1831-1835. 22 and 23. Johu D. Stiles,t 1862-1865. 37 and 38. Peter Newhard, 1839-1843 26 and 27. " " " 1867-1871. 41. Jacob Erdman, 1845-1847. 29. James S. Biery, 1873-1875. 43. John liornbeck,* 1847 30. Wm. H. Sowden, 1885-1889. 49 &50. Samuel Bridges,! 1847-1849. 30. 0. J. Erdman, 1893-1897. 53 and 54. 1853-1855. 33. •Died in ofl&ce. 1877-1879. 45. ("Succeeded the Hon. John Hornbcck.dec'd. fSucceeded the Hon. Thos' B. Cooper, dec'd. H. C. Longecker, 1859-1861. 36.

State Senators from Lehigh county since I8J2 to the present time -Members under the first constitution, lyyo, were elected for s years, under the constitution of 1838 for constitution of 1874 lor 4 years 3 years and under the Henry Jarrett, 1813-1815. 1 term 2 yrs. I Jacob Schindel, 1858-1861. 1 te rm 3 yrs. ^1 '^ (< Joseph Frey, 1817-1821. 2 Geo. B. Schall, 1864-1867. 1 ' o " Henry King, 1825-1829. 2 Edw. Albright, 1870-1876.2 " 6 " " W. C. Livingstone, 1831-3. 1 Evan Holben, 1876-1882. 2 6 u " John S. Gibbons, 1840-43. 1 M.C. Heuninger, 1882-94.' 12 " Jacob D. Boa^s, 1846-1849, 1 Harry G. Stiles, 1894-1906. 3 '• 12 William Frey, 1852-1855, 1

Members of House of Representative from \Q\3 to I90L «5rUnder the Constitution of 1790 and 1838, the member s were elected annually and under tlie Constiln tiou of 1874 for two years. Abraham Rinker, 1813-1817. 4 years. Daniel Edgar, 1830. 1 year. " Pliilip Wiut, 1813-1813. 4 Peter Knepley, 1830-31-33. " " Peter Newhard, 1817-1819. 2 Christian Pretz, 1831. 1 " Wm. Fenstermacher, 1817-22.5 John Weida, 1832-1.S33. 2 " John J. Knan.-^s, 1820-1822. 2 Jesse Grim, 1834. 1 "

(ieo. Ei.

Peter Haas, 1S40-11. 48

James Frey, 1S6<)-1.S71 Reuben CJuth, I.s()(;-18()7 1 year 1871-1 S()4. S years S. J. Kistler, 18(;8-1871. 3 " Jacob Erdiiian, 1806-1 S(>8. 2 " David Laury,1868-1878. 8 "

4S"'rhe office of Associate Jndj^cs was abolished by tlie Constitution af 1874.

County Superintendents of Public Schools. From 1S54 to 1901. Term, 3 years.

Charles W. Cooi)er, 1854-55. 1 year Jacob Ross, 1862-63. 1 year Tilghman Good, 1855-57. 2 " E. J. Young, 1863-72. 7 " H. H. Schwartz, 1857-60. 8 " J. O. Knauss, 1872-93. 21 " Tiljrhmau Good, 1860-62. 2 " Alvin Rupp, 1893—

4Sg^Salary from 1834 to 63, $500, 63 to 66, $800, 66 to 69, $1000, 69 to 93, $1300, and 93 to— S'Soo per year.

City Superintendents of Schools of Allentown. From 1S6S to 1901. Term, 3 years. R. K. Buehrle, 1868-78. 10 years L. B. Landis, 1881-93. 12 years George Deeh, 1878-81 F. D. Raub, 1893—

4SS°"Salary 1S6S, $900. From 1^93 to— $1500.

County Officers.

Sheriff. George Bower. Henry Wagner. From 181 2 to 1901. Term Charles B. Maberry. Tilghman D. Frey. years. 3 Frank Rabenold. James Hausraan. The Sheriffs were appointed until 1839, when the office be- Frank Bower, Edwin Stein. came elective. Frank C. H. Schwoyer. Rufus E. Erdman. Peter Hauck. Wayne Bitting. William H. Snyder. George Klotz. * Served two terms. John F. Stein. Anthony Musick. Prothonotaries. Charles L. H utter. From 1812 to 1901. Term Recorder of Deeds. Abraham Rinker.-i^ 3 years. From 1S12 to 1901. Terra Daniel Mertz. John Mulhollen. 3 years. Jacob Hagenbuch. Henry Wilson. Leonard Nagel. Jonatha D. Meeker. Christian Beitel. George Marx. George Wetherholt. Charels L. Hutter. James Hall. David Stein. Daniel Kreamer. John Wilson. Charles Ihrie. E, W, Hutter. William Boas. Jo.seph F. Newhard. Charles Craig. A. Gangewere. ISathan Weikr. Jacob Dillingcr. George Stein. Henry Smith. Jesse Samuels. Nathan German. Charles B. Haines. Daniel Mertz. Charles Gro.«P. Herman M. Fetter, Nathan Miller. Benjamin Krauss. Jacob Holben. Francis E Samuels. George S. Gross. John P. Miller. James Lackey. Jo8Cj)h Sacger. Owen W. Faust. Isaiah Rehrig. Jonathan Troxler. Edwin Zimmerman. Jacob S. Dillinger. Silas Camp.

Thomas B. Morfran. Henry Say lor. John F. Seiberlins:. 49

Edwin Bieder. John 1). Lawall. Albert O. Strauss. Dallas Dillinger. iS'athan Metzer. Coroners. Joseph C. Rupp. James Mickley. From iSi2to 1901. Term Henry J. Gackenbach. Boas Hausman. 3 3ears. Morris Stephens. George W. Hertzel. J'eter Dorney. E. R. Benner. J. PI Zimmerman. Peter Newhard. W. Mattias Ritter. A. L. Ruhe. Henry Weaver, Joseph Hunter, Daniel Mertz. Register of Wills. F. J. New hard. Andrew Knauss. From 1S12 to 1901. Term John P. Goundie. 3 years. Benjamin Fogel. Leonard Nagel. James H. Crader. jBcob Schantz. George Marx. Allen W. Haines. Peter Miller. James Hall. Nathan E. Worman. Daniel Klein. John Wilson. E. L. Newhard. Charles Foster. William Boas. Francis Kreitz. Jacob Marx. Samuel Marx. Oscar P. Werley. Solomon Gangewere. John Eisenhard. Tilghman Good. Clerks of Orphan's Edward Beck. Court. Charles Troxell. Joshua Stahler. From 1812 to 1901. Term John Erdman. years. Samuel Colver. 3 Jacob Mayer. Jacob Slemmer. John Mulhollen. Joshua Stahler. Henry Wilson. 8. R. Eiigelman. Owen Saeger. Christian F. Beitel. E. R. New hard. Owen Faust. Henry German. Fred, Hyneman. Edwin G. Martin. K. B. Horlacher. Henr3' Jarrett. P^phraim Yohe. Tilghman F. Keck. Jacob Dillinger. James Busch. Knipe. Obadiah Peim-r. Henry W. William H. Romig. James B. Smith. Charles S. Busch. Americus V. Mosser. Henry Heilman. W. Selfridge. John Osman, Franklin Weaver. John D. Lawall. Is real Troxell, H. F. Longecker. Nathan Metzgar. Thomas F, Martin. James Mickley. W. S- Berlin. Clerks of Court of Roas Hausman. Howard Kramer. Quarter Sessions. Alfred J. Yost. From 1812 to 1901. Term George W. Hertzel. 3 years. J. E. Zimmerman. James Goheen. John Mulholleu. L. Ruhe. A. Treasurers. Henry Wilson. Francis Weiss. From 18 1 2 to 1901. Term Christian F. Beitel. John Van Billiard. 3 years. Fred. Hyueman. Henry W. Mohr. John Fogel. Henry Jarrett. Charles B. Klein. Charles L. Hutter. Jacob Dillinger. W. R. Klein. Henry Weaver. Henry W. Knipe. L. S. Lenhurt. Jacob C. Newhard. Charles S. Busch. Franklin Hartman. Charles Saeger. ^V. Selfridfrc Martin Klinjrler. Araham Gangewere. 50

Michiiel Eberliurd. Commissioners. Joseph Miller. 1812 to 1901. Term Weber. John J. Krauss. From John years. George Haberackcr. 3 Samuel Sieger. George Klioads. William Fenstermacher Joim Erdman. Jacob D. Boas. Abraham Greisheimer. Gideon Marks. William H.Blumer, John Yeakel. Levi Dorublaser. Tilghinau H. Martin. Philip Kleckner. John Peter. Joshua Hou?e. Jacob Newhard. Panl Balliett. Charles H. Martin. Jacob Schafier, George Ntimeyer. Epiiraim Yohe. John Yeakel. Daniel Bittner. Aaron Troxell. John Billig. William Gabel. Jaoob Fislier. John Spagenbcrg. Joseph Xewhard. Thomas Steckel. John Wannemakcr. Reuben Danner, William Reimer. Abraham Schatter. Jonas FloUenbach. Reuben Engelniau. Solomon Gangewere. Daniel Focht. David Schaadt. Peter Marx. Thomas Jacoby. Kiierr. Pearson. J. Franklin Reichard. Conrad Henry Simon Moyer. John Bogert. Stephen Kern. Daniel Bittner. John Rinker. John Strauss. Peter Heller. John Greenewald. Hiram Balliett. Peter Hendricks. Joshua Frey. Jacob A. Leiby. Charles Keck. Henry Pares. Je.sse Solliday. John J. Trexler. Jacob Ward. Daniel Lauer.-'- George Kuhl. Casper Petes. Alexander Siugmaster. Tilghman Buskirk. Jacob Schwent. Alexander McKee. Daniel Wannemakcr. William Eckert. David L. Barner. John J. Schaadt. J. Smidt. Jonathan Barrall. John R. Gos.sler. Solomon Greisheimer. Thomas Casey. James M. Sechler. xMartin Ritter. George K. Carl. Sylvester Hartmau. John Scherer. William F. Sch moyer, Jacob Derr. John Hottenstein. Surveyors. Leh. Charles F. Ilartzell. From i8i4to 1901. Term Henry 3 years. Philip Pierson. W.B. M()}er. George Eisenhard. rimotiiy Weiss. W. Stephen Knauss. Andrew K. Witman. John Yost. Daniel Schwoyer. John Shorcr. Daniel Stabler. Daniel Weiser. Jonas Haas. Peter Romig. John L. Sclireibcr. Willoughby Eogel. Charles Foster. Wayne Holbeu. Jodn Lawall. Samuel Camp. Cornelius Acker. Solomon Fogel. John Lichteuwalncr. Harrison Bortz. Jesse Samuels. Benjamin Breinig. Phaon Diehl. Tobias Kessler. Somucl Knau.ss. James F. Jordan. Francis Weiss. Peter Engolman. Miltcn Kuriz. George Blank. Daniel Hausman. Stephen ^'eunioyer. 51

Richard Klotz. Henry Guth Jr. Morris Schmidt. Echvard B, Neff. Joseph Frey Jr. Henry Kelchner.

George F. Schlicher. Daniel Fried. Alexander J. Zellner. William Brown. Jacob Moser. H. C. Kleckner. Joseph P. Snyder. Charlec C. Buroch, Clinton O. Fogel.

David Follweiler. Charles S. Clerks of County Shiraer. Commissioners. John Ritter. En win Heilman. From 1S13 to 1901. Term George Miller. Frank Brinker. 3 years, Benjamin Breinig. Milton Schaniz. George Rhoads. John D. Lawall. Frank Faust.='= John Knecht. Nothan Miller. Charles H. Kramlich. George Rhoads. Charles Ritter. Franklin L. Roth. James Hall. Nathan German William H. Knauss.* Josiali Rhoads. Herman Rupp. Thomas P. Roth. Abraham Ziegenfuss. Paul Balliett. Alexander Fatzinger. Jesse Line. C-harles L Newhard. R. H. Heil. Edward Beck. John H. Clifton. * Served two terms. Godfrey Peters. George Blank. District Attorneys. Lewis M. Engelman. Jonas Haaa. From 184610 1901. Term Victor Earner. Hiram Schwartz. 3 years. Henry C. \Vagner. Franklin J. Ritter. R. E. Wright. Henry W. Fuaselraan. Eli J. Saeger. C. M. Runk. Auditors. Samuel J. Kistler. H. C. Longecker. From 1813 to 1901. Term John R. Schall. John D. Stiles. 3 years. Daniel H. Creitz. William S. Marx. George Eisenhard. Robert Yost. George B. Schall, John Spangenberg. W. J. Hoxworth.^ Adam Woolever. John Weiss. Charles Foster. Edwin Albright, Henry Weber. Joel Stettler. Thomas B. Metzgar. George Eisenhard. Owen Schaadt. William H. Sowden.

J. Geigcr. George Blank* C. J. Erdman. John Stein. Daniel Clader. M. C. Henninger. John Wilson. Abraham Ziegenfuss, Artur Dewalt.

Samuel Moyer. Jacob Lichty. J. M. Wright. Janes Hall. Wilson P. Reidy. Marcus C. L. Kline. George Breinig. Solomon F. Rupp. James L. Schaadt.

Jacob Dillinger. J. Winslow Wood. John L. Schwartz. Andreas Schifferstein. Franklin Harwick. Clinton A. Groman. John Marx. Franklin D. Acker. H. W. Kneiss. Alvin Diefenderfer.

Peter Kneppen, Frank J. Peter. Benjamin Fogel. George N. Kramer.

H. W. Kneiss. Jacob S. Renninger.

Jacob C. Ki=Ller. Astor S. Saeirer. 52

nj=.ARLY JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. The early justices of the | cace, prior "1? to 1804 were the following. Andrew Buchman, District of Heidelberg and

Cf' Lowhill towushi|>s, 1784. Frederick Laiil)acli, District of Upi)er Milford townshi}), 1784. Peter Rhoads, District of Northampton and Salisbury town- ship6,1784. Georj^e Breinip-, District of Macungie and Wei-s^euberg townships, 1786. Jacob Horner, District of Heidelberg and Lowhill townships, 1787. Lud- wi" Stabler, District of Upper Milford township, 1788. Peter Koh ler, District of Whitehall townshij), 1791. James Gill, District of Upper Milford township, 1791. Nicholas Sieger, District of Whitehall township, 1794. Abraham Buchman, Dis- trict of Heidelberg and Lowhill townships, 1794. John Shinier, District of Upper Milford township, 1795. Henry Kooker, District ofjUpper Saucon township, 1795 Charles Deschler, District of Salisbury township, 1 ("97. Henry Jarrett, District of Macungie and Weissenberg townships, 1798. Leonard Nagel, District of Salis- bury township, 1798. John Van Buskirk, District of Macungie and Weis«enberg townships, 1799. Conrad Wetzel, District of Upper Milford township, 1799. Hen- ry Haas, District of Heidelberg and Lowhill townships, 1801. Ambrose Stabler, District of Upper Milford and Upper Saucon townships, 1802. That part which coujprise of what is now Lehigh county was redivided into new districts in 1804, and were numbered and called as follows: District number 4, comprising Nazareth, Bethlehem and Hanover and the justices were from 1804 to 1809, Adam Daniel, George Brader and Jacob Sweisshaupt and from 1809 to 1812 was Matthias Gross. District number 7, comprised Salisbury and Whitehall townships, the justice from 1804 to 1812, was George Yundt. District number 8, com- pri.-;ed Macungie and Upper Milford townships and the justices from 1804 to 1808, were John Schuler, Anthony Stabler and Jeremiah Trexler, and from 1808 to 1812, Jacob Klen. District number 10, comprised Heidelberg and Lowhill townships and the justice from 1804 to 1812, was William Fenstermacher, District number 11, the justices from 1804 to 1812 were Daniel Saeger and John Weis?, and comprised Lynn and Weissenberg townships. Divided again in 1812 into new districts as follows; 1st district, oomprisiMu Northampton, Salisbury and Wliitehall townships and the justices were Leonard Nagel, Peter Gross, Nicholas Sieger, Charles Deechler 1812, Jacob Diehl and An- thony Murich 1813. 2nd district, comprisng Hanover township, the justice Avas C. F. Beitel, 1812. 3rd district, composed of the townships of Heidelberg and Lowhill, the justice was Conrad German, 1812. 4th district, composad of Macun- gie and Upper Milford townships and the justices were John Fogel, 1812 and Lo- rentz Stabler. 1813. 5th district, composed of Lynn and Weissenberg townships, the justice was Peter Haas, 1814. 6th district, composed of Macungie and Low-

hill townships, the justice was Henry Haas, 1814. 53

CHAPTER XIII.

List of Soldiers Furnished by Lehigh County.

rj.|^AR RECORD. Lohigli coimty. during the Revolutionary war fui-nished it.s qiioto of men to the Revolutionary army, and during the fffi War of 1812 and ^r the Mexican war, 18-46-1848, the same martial spirit prevailed as in the Revolutionary war. And when the Great Civil war of 1861 and 1865 broke out tlie young men were just as eager for the fray as were their forefathers, ^nd Le- high county sent forth her full quoto of men and who crowntd themselves with

honor and glory and many laid down their lives on many a hard fought field that tiic nation might live. And the same spirit prevailed in the Hispajiiun American war, 18'J8, vvhen her sons went forth with the same alacrity as the boys of 1861 did. During the Civil war Pennsylvania furnished 387,284 men, of which Lehigh couu- tv furnished 2851 men. John Schreck. John Cary French and Indian Daniel Nunnenmacher John McMichael War, 1754-1763 Peter Schwab. John Minor

'^^ ( Jeorge Wolf Frederick Schachler. George Gangwere Abraham Rinker f 25 men. Stephen Fuller ' i'iiilip Koogler Captain, t Lieutenant. Peter Byle Peter Miller Henry Powleson Jacob Wolf Revolutionary War, Robert Schearer Sin)on Lagundacker 1775-1783. James Sweeney Georue Nicholas 1st Conipaii}^ 2ud Penn Samuel Mann svlvania Battalion, Colon- David Deschler el Arthur St. Clair, Com- John Acker Abraham Savitz mander. Anthony Assur George Lauer Thomas Craig * .Jacob Byle George S. Sch.nelf Rudolph Burner '^- Peter Bowerman Michael Rothdrock Andrew Kachline j John Boyer Leonard Abel Isaac Dunn j Adam Branthuwer

Tobias Dittes John Craig l Jacob Davenport

Lorentz Hauk James Armstrong !; John Davis :mon Biemer Thomas Park Thomas Dobbs J hn M. Derr Abraham Dull Evan Evans Peter Roth Robert jMai>thall Daniel Foulk

I"' rank Kieffer Peter Smitii Samuel Grimes Jacob Mohr Abraham Horn Leonard Hans Martin Frederick Christian Shous William Hirkie 54

Frederick Horn John Schearer Alexander Sylleman George Huntsman Peter Smith Adam Yohe Nicholas Kautzraan Peter Standley Conrad Smith George Kuhns George Sterner John KesUer Leonard Labar Robert Wilson James Symonton John Mann John Shannon Michael Kress Lawrence Mann Philip Smith Andrew Kiefer Conrad Manges David Stinson John Dufford Jehn Mock James Thompson Jacob Weidknecht Leonard Nagel Jacob Weiss George Frey George Phaas Felty Yeisley Henry Bush Stephen Prang 91 men, Peter Bush Conrad Rusarch Peter Blyer Baxter's Battalion. Jonathan Richard Peter Lehr John Arndt * Timothy Roger ^^eter Frees Peter Kichline Josiah Crane f Abraham Peter Butler Crist Robert Scott Laurence Erb Jacob Kichline Alexander Cunningham Isaac Shimer Daniel Lewis Peter Daily Henry Althouse John McFerren John Darling Christian Rodt Jacob David Darling Wagner John Ross Evan Davis Henry Wolf John Bush Henry Fatzinger Daniel Diehl Paul Reiser Daniel Sehler John Docker Isaac Berlin Peter Fleek Benjamin Depui Jacob Engler Unangst Henry Freedley Henry Joseph Keller Philip Groob James Ferrill Fred Wilhelm George Essig John Hindman Frederick Wagner Valentine Ludwig Hoffman Yent Henry Fretz Jacob Miller John Hubler Henry Stranp Andrew Hejster Jost Martin Christian Harpel Charles King Thomas Seybert Henry Weidknecht Michael Kuhns Joseph Stout Adam Weidknecht Melchior Labar Martin Derr George Edinger Matthias Christian Miller Steittinger Pater Kern Matthiae Miller Philip Arndt Anthony Frutchy David M in ton Elijah Crawford Philip Bosh Peter Robert Morey Richter Barnett Miller Samuel Ney John Middagh John Harpel Jacob Powells Robert Lyle Joseph Martin Thomas Ramsay Samuel McCracken John Arndt Daniei Reyley Michael Kehler John Wolf Abraham Rinker Isaac Shoemaker James Hynshaw Thomas Schaffer Christian Stout Jacob Andrews 55

Conrad Bittenbender. J(jlin Wilson. Jacob Schwenk John iSluick. Benjamin Raser. Daniel Keik Frederick Rieger. John Steltler. Joseph Keidcr Iêwis Uollius. Christian Seip. Solomon Brobst William Warrand. Feter Kcichline. Abraham Moyer Hcury Wolf, Sr. Leonard Xagel. James Yundt Samuel (Jorrey. William Weaver. Benjamin Shoemaker Henry Bush, Jr. John Weal. Daniel Hillnian I.saac K()on. David Houck. James Kinkinger Jcêph Minim. Henry Stattler. Feter Hotf Jacob Transfceter. Henry Ebner. Henry Brobst Adam Bortz- Adam Gudeknecht. Henry Amheiser Jacob Kreidler. David Huber. George Floala Jacob Chaee. William Kei|>er. George Kentz 8S men. George Mertz. Adam Keller "Captain, t ist Lieuten- Matthias Schwenk. Fitkin Minor ant: t and Lieutenant. Jacob kSeip. Abraham Beidelmau Total nuniber of men furnished during the Rev- John Good. Abraham Keiper olutionary War. iSo. Sanniel Horn Daniel Bickel War of J8J2. Abraham Derr Jacob Keij)er 5tli Company, and Light Andrew Klotz John Boyer Infantry. William Keichline Joseph Rose John Ruhe.-^^ George Spinner John Frain Jacob Blumer.t Jacob Goesler Nicholas Moyer S. Fatzinger. Charles Weaver Daniel Rhoads William Miller. Henry Gro^ George Litzenberger William Dobbins. William Ginkinger Fhilip Kuntz CtL'orge Kauffman. Henry Reichard Charles Hauer Isaac Gangwere. John Wagner Peter HoHmau John Mohr. John Reep Henry Hartman Daniel Sch wander. oH men. George Fisher John Miller. ist Company of Riflemen Henry Good Atidrew Keii)€r. Pennsylvania IMilitia. Jacob Long John Klotz. Abraham Gangwere* Matthias Eline Charles A. Ruhe. Daniel Moyerf Peter Laudenschlager George Haveracher. Jacob Newhard;); George Henry Feter Biery. Jacob Stein David Huberstino Peter Keiper. John Dull Gottlieb Foght Jacob Mick ley. Daniel (ûier Thomas Gangwere Daniel Keiper. Jiicob Quicr Henry Acker

Barth<.l.l Ballictt f Joseph Ivong Sacob Shivrv Jacob Mohr. Joseph Nagel William Shriver Jacob Houck, Daniel Qucar Gabriel Wood ring Charles L. Hutter. Daniel C. Daniel Jolm Fle.xer 56

James Haraor Jacob Muehlitz Michael Shoudt. John Miller Michael Sentel Henrj Nunenmaker Jacob Frack Phili]) Nagel David Keck John Schantz Conrod Well Michael Lehr John Guislilcr Jacob Hillcgasa Adam Lehr Geerge Hill Henry Schantz Adam Mensch Michael Freymau George Wetzel Andrew Hartzel Solomon KownhoU John Snyder Jonathan Diefenderfer Adam Highloager Michael Poe Jacob J)eily Frederick Heller George Lehr Nathaniel Yost Peter Minnich Conrod Rau, Jacob Whiteman Henry Kice Abraham Luckeubach George Moritz George Breder Jacob Schantz Solomon Hartzell Isreal Troxell Jeremiah Heller Jacob Gordon John Caldwell Solomon Good Adam Good Henry Fatzinger 115 men. George Horlacher

John Ehrhard iStli Section of Riflemen. Lewis Kunkel Henry Hering Abraham Rinker.* Jacob Beidelman Henry Kemmerer Peter Knauss Adam Hicker John Laudenschlager Peter Lehr Michael Lower George Besh Jacob Marck Henry Swander John Diehl John Strauss Daniel Fetzer John Besh John Shiffert George Schaffer Michael Good George Nunnemaker John Billig Jacob Reichenbach Conrad Stahl Daniel Eschenbach Michael Druckenmiller John Keck Gaorge Bortz John Nerfer Ferdinand W(()dring Frederick Newhard Jacob Nagel Henry Bower Jacob Steinberger Miller John Jr. Daniel Siegfried Jonas Spangler Cornelius Reinholt Henry Hartzel Adam Sherer William Schleifer George Mayer Jacob Bachman Rider Frederick Adam Suiith John Rau Peter Kuntz Jacob Hartzel Peter Klotz Henry Rish John Rein bold Jolm Ealer Penry Snyder Sohjinon Lucas Peter .Mensch George Herner George Strauss Henry Frantz Peter Seip Jacob Yohe Peter Moll Peter Eben rider Christian Deily Peter Cook <)5 men Jacob Koch Adam Hartzel Jacob Krich Li.^ht Horse Company. Peter Steinberger i Only partial list is given, Eli as Kiefer Conrad Kerschncr f as ihd muster roll has not Jacob Hower Charles Dull been preserved. Jonathan Olt SoK)mon KIcckner Peter Rucii.''- Flower John John Whitinian William Boac.t 57

Peter Ciood j^ohn W. Morrison Jacob Place

James .Seagus Jacob Hart /.el Frederick Horeman Peter Troxell Henry Barrett Sylvester Kincaiil Solomon Steckel William Brady Anthony Vanetter John Deiehmaii Jonas Hockman Robert Impsou Peter Burk baker George Rape Isaac Steel Michael Frack John Ward John Beard John tSwartz John Young John Lownian Jaeub Schreiber George Noli" John Stine Daniel Leisering Jacob Buustein Philip Keeter Puter Leiseriug Adam Young Henry Miller lo men George Willower Cornelius V^an Horn Captain Dorublaser's Co. Joseph Wimmer Joseph Cooper Not all the members of Leonard Kehler John Clark tliu company were from Lehigh connty, but from Daniel Kehler Jacob Arndt Nortiiampton and Pike John Stautier Conrad Ehrie counties. Jacob Gangwere Henry John Dornbla.ser.* Myer Fisher John V. Bush.i" Lawrence Nye Dewald John Winters Joseph Steiner John Klinetrup David Smith Peter Hahn Thomas Pasty John Hartzel George Myer John Schwenk Keyser Christopher Smith Nicholas Peel Jacob Samuel Stocker Jacob Swartwood John Huston Fisher Isaac Saylor Philip Samuel Reese Crawford John Dietz John Peter Strunk Shebherd Peter Snyder David Garrett Coolbaugh Juhn Ostertack David Evans Barnet Bunnel JoseiJi Siiaffer John Barr Jehn Adams Samuel Hoilert Leonard K ester Samuel Van den mark Conrad Walter Obed Morris John Howe David Stocker Adam Barr William Vansickcl Abraham Miller Williiam Bureau Levi Cortright Freeman Price Samuel Smell George Watson rover 107 men J. Hutmacher John G * Captain. fLicutcnant. Christian Wineland (ieorge Serfass 2nd Lieutenant. Jacob Christ man I Jacob Stocker Number of men furnish- Jeremiah R. Holman Jolui Mack ed during the war Andrew Nye George Miller of j8i2. 353. Daniel Miller James Brewer George llahn Jacob Merwine Peter Schick Ceorge Kinker Frederick Gery.s Alexander McCiammon John Winner John Faulk Frederick Fenncr Peter Jayne 58

During tlio Mexican War of IS],") and l.s l.s uot many voliinUere went forth I'lom our county, because mostly of them came from the Southern States on account of their nearness to the seat of war. Among those that went from Lehigh county was Henry C. Longecker who served as lieutenant and adjutant of his regiment under General AVinfield Scott in his campaign from Vera Cruz to the city of Mex. ico, taking part in all the battle.* leading to the capture of the city by Gen. Scott. Lieutenat Longecker, afterwards served as colonel of the 9th Kegimcnt, Pennfeyl- vania Volunteers, 18()1 and 18(15 and acquitted himself with gallantry and honor. THE CIVIL WAR Samuel Schenck Nelson Christ J 86 J and 1865. Charles A. Schiileri Tilghman Dcnni.s Allen Guards. Three Lewis G. Seip Perry Egge months|service. mustered in April i8, iS6i. John F. Uhler Abeile Heelman Thomas Yeager* Allen Wetherheld Henry Fried James M. Wilsonj William Wagner Henry Trumbore Beuneville Weyandt Daniel C. Miller Jose})!! T. "\Vilt;j; John E. Webster David Jacob Julius Benkert Solomon Goble G8orge W. Keiper Tilghman Albright Daniel Kramer Franklin Leh Henry A, Blunier Charles Dietrich Henry McNulty Daniel Bechtel Milton H. Dunlap Jonathan \V. Bieber David Bergenstock Gideon Frederick Ernest Rothman William Desh William G. Frame John Romig John Eichel James Geidner Henry Storch William Giuginger John Houck M. H. Sigman Henry Guth Joseph Hettinger Adolphua Scheidler William H. Gaumer Ernville Scheidler Jouaj5 Heldt J. F. Wilt William Wolf David Weiss Peter Huber Ignitz Cressor Joseph Weiss William Plillard 51men Haines Norman II. Cole Charles Henry W. Derr Company 1, First Regi- David Hardner ment, Pennsylvania Vol- Thomas Keck William Early luiteers. Mustered ill Nathan K. Fuller April 2olli 1 86 1. Solomon Kramer Edwin Gros.s William Gougleri^ William Kleckner George F. Henry E. P. Rhoadst Henry Kei{)er Nathaniel Hillegass Benjaniin C. Roth;'. Thomas Laubach George Iloxworth Ed win (r. Meiisch Tilghman Miller Edwin M. Hittle Noah Trumbore Henry Mohr Williau) Kress Malilon Frick William J. Moyer Martin W. Leir-cnring Charles Mertz John Nunnenmacher Edwin II. Miller Augustus Ebert Andrew Nagel Charles A. Peiflbr James Albright Peter Rcnimel William Kuhe Wellington J. Blank Tilghman Ritz George W. Khoads Anthony Bolder Edward Remmel 59

Kic'liaid M. Saei,'C'r William Semmer William Keiser (.'liarle.s iSchwcnk Morgan Richards Samuel Lock wood James Stubtr Richard Wilson Thomas Lewellyn Franklin Trexler Grajiville Hangams John Morrison Waller Van Dyke William Miller Lewis Mauley Abaliain W'ormau Samuel Barrows Cornelius McGee Franklin Waseer Hugh Clement Joshua McHose W'illoii^flihy Gaunier Richard Crogau John Patrick

( )liver iliskey Henry Detweiler William Paul Williani P. Harris Daniel Daniels W^ilson Rohn Ellis Haniiner:>ley James Elliott Joshua Schwab Martin Haeknian Benedict Foadrau James R. Snyder Charles Haeknian John Grate William Schlosser Henry Haidenian John Hopkins ytephen Smith Lewis Koeliler Francis Henry David A. Tom bier Fraklin Keek Robert Hammersley Charles Vonland Meleliior Konald Joseph Jones Robert Williams A-lonzo Kuhns John Kane Abraham Wolf Benjamin Kleekner Edwin Keiser William H. Pauley Zonies Leiser Tilghman Leister David Ruse Henry Miller Peter Leister Augustus Ritter Charfes Miller William PL Meyers William T. Snyder James McCrystal Charles II. Michael William IL Sattenfuse Daniel Nunneumaclicr John jMcCloskey Samuel Smith Jesse Oclis John McHecker Henry Steinberger Edwin liotli Levi Stubler James Vaiisyschell Lewis Kc4ir Tilghman Miller Frank H. Wilson Jameri Seip Charles Nolf, Jr. William \\'erley Ciiristian Stall ley William Williams Francis Xander Joseph Steele Henry Stressor James Young Juseph Samuel Smith Arthur 6'J men Henry William Baumeister Trexler Company G., 46th Regi- George Wenuer Levi Craft .nient Pennsylvania Vol- unteers. Three years ser- Henry ^\''a<:ner Michael Cooney vice. Mustered in Aug. blmen Isaac Davis 17th 1861. Conii)any D. glh Regi- Evan Edwards Lewis Arnold* ment, Pennsylvania Vol- Henry Eckenberger W. R. Thoma.-yt unteers. Mustered in Joseph ^Latchette April 24lh iS6i. H. C. John Graham Lou.iiecker, Colonel, Wui. William Hopkins Robert Wilson H. H. Haiigcn, Lieutc-n- aul Colonel. James Hughes Daniel Davis James Hetthenson Morgan Edwards G. D. Hand,=i' Jacob Hacker John Moore C. A. G. Keck.T Edward Kram.^ic llobert E. Williams Euoeh Phillpi^,^: Lorcntz Kick Hugh Lyons 60

Wnllace Price Eliiis Beidtlnian Frederick Bohlen John Leu James McCltllan Henry Beltz David Bacliiiiai) Joht) McMurtrie H. Boi'genstock Alexander Donegle Edward Rogers G. Chamberlain Andrew Siiily 57 men Ephraim Clader George Hassou 47th Regiment, Peiinsyl- John Dingier vauiii Yolunteeis. Three McQillen Solon, on Diehi James }-ears service. Mustered Isaac Davis ill from August ijtli to Perry Eggyc September 20th 1S61. Edward Crami?ic Peter Ferber Colonel, T. H. Good, Lieu William McMoiiagle tenant Colonel, 'C. W. Ab- George Funk bott, Majors, Wm. Caus- John Patrick Evan Geidner ler, Levi Stuber, J. W. John J. Davis Fuller, W. H. R. Hangen John Graver John H Price James Van Dyke, Frauds Charles Bach man Z. Heebner,W. H. Gink- Daniel Desmond inger. Henry H. Kramer John McQuillen Company. B. Daniel G. Gehrhard Daniel Dyer E. P. Rhoads^^ Valentine Fisher John Cannon H, A. Haltemant George J. Weiss Philip Hill Allen G. Balliett+ Henry Storch John Kilpatrick William H. Kleckner Henry A. Schwartz James McLaughlin Thomas F. Gourwine Lewis H. Seip Patrick Reily T. Beigenstock Aaron Fink W. S. Thompson Charles E. Miller Jesse Rem m el Patrick Sullivan Edwin G. Minnich James Hamilton Philip Gallagher R. A. Hillard Adam Garrett Jamee Adams Allen Gaumer John D. Albright Condy Patrick John Htiuck Cornelius Acker Edward Mullen Franklin Fatzinger Jateb Apple H. W. Ehret Oliver Hiskey H, Bergenstock Jeremiah Keef Matthew R. Tuller Alexander Blumer Solomon J. Rowe John Eisenhard I^ewis H. Brong William McGonegle Charles H. Knauss Josiah Braden John Brown T. Reinsmith James Barry William Pritchard Harrison Geiger Thomas Cope David McCaudless Allen J. Reinhard George Deal John A. Richards Francis H. Strachley Joseph Danohn Frank Ward John A. Darrohn Ambrose Detrick John Blair Thomas Miller John Flemming Thomas Mooney Francis Xander John Fries James McCracken Henry Strorainger Edwin Fink John Reed Alfred Eisenbrown William Geist Samuel Zellner G. Assenheimer William Gangvvere John McFadden John Apple W. H. Ginkinger Benjamin Beidelmuii William Bieber Daniel E. Hettle Thomas McMurtrie Jacob Bast John Horn 6\

Joseph Housniaii Charles Labold W. H. Smith Alvin J. Hartzell Albert Miller Barclay Smith Peter H. HaUcman Barnett Morgan Franklin B. Smith William H. Hilliard Levi Martin Charles Studley James A. Jackson Joseph Mentz Hiram Schaffer Thomas James Charles A. Martin Franklin Sieger Allen L. Kramer John T. Nixon James Springer Levi Kiierr Allen Newhard Francis Stuber Howard King Charles PfeifFer John Schimpf William Kern Obidiah Pfeiffer George Smith Leander Labar Tilghman Ritz Thomas Steffen Josiah R. Lentz Peter Remrael David StefJen John D. Lansteren Edwin Remmel Charles Trexler Samuel Lutz George Rich Christian lingerer George Mennig Samnel S. Rogers Martin Van Billard Dennis Miller J. J). Rabenold Nelson Wilhelm Henry Miller Edwin Reichard Harrison Wieand Luther Mennig Franklin Rhoads William \Vieand Philip iMetzgar George Shaneberger Benjamin Wieand Conrad Meirknecht John E. Shaffer Franklin Young George Nunnenmacher Isaac N. Smith Daniel Young Andrew Osmrn Benjamin Smith 190 men Pauley William Smiley Henry Company F. From Cat- Edwin Pammer Casper Schreiner asauqua.

George Reichard Aaron Serfass Henry S. Hart-'' Christian Reinhard Charles Siegfried Edwin Gilbert!

Allen P. Rhoads William Stuber George W. Fuller;]: Ernest Ruttmau August C. Scherer Henry H. Bush Nathan George Charles Swsnk Thomas F. Lambert Franklin Hiskey Joseph Smith Richard H. Schwab Thad. Heckworth Charles Savity John L. Jones William H. Hi Hard Allen W. Trexler Albert H. McHoe Francis Z. Hubner James Tice James W. Fuller Levenas IIe

Henry Buds ^Vddison R. Cieho ! Franklin Meiisch Philip Bohuer Joseph Groes Sydney J. Miller

.Sto|)lieu Beers William H. Hall.nbach V. Minsenberger Hftssler Peter Moser Uodfrey Betz Joseph j Jcjel Michael Alfred Biege Joseph Heck man ] P. Bartholomew Henry Hummel Daniel Newhard Charles Buss Joseph Hunsicker John O'Brien W. H. Bartholon.ew L. Hultzheiser Edward Reusheimer Augustus Eagle Edwin Haldemaii Francis Roth James Tait James Johnson Charles Rohrbacher Joseph J, Lilly Abraham Jassum Edwjird Remaly John W. Heberling Isaac C. Jacoby Matthew Smith William H. Glace Philip King Joseph Savitz William H. Fuuk George Kline Reuben Siegfried Preston M. Rohn William Kuntz Samuel Sn)ith Joc^eph H. Wixlk Owen Kern Thomas A. Smith Geo. H. Longenhageu John C. Collins Gottlieb Schrum Rnbert Cunningham John H. Crotto Llewellyn J. Sleppy James M. Bush Michael Deibert John G. Snyder Augussus F. Eberhard William Ebert Jefferson Kepner W. H. Van Dyke Joseph Ebertz John Laub James Ritter William Eisenhard J. Laudenschlager Simon P. Kiefer Martin 0. Frey Alfred Lynn David Andrews Frederick Fisher Tilghman Lehi- George Armsberg William H. Fried Lawrence McBride Hiram Beidleman Amandas Fritz Josejjh Mersch William Barnliart Joseph Geiger George Moll Abraham Bauder Preston Gettys Uriah Moyer Faustin Boyer Rainy Grader Philip McCue E. Barth(jlomew Isiiac Jacoby John Merkofler Ernest Bender William Jordan Peter Moser William Clader Edwin Jassum Albert Newhard John Curran William H.Jackson Michael O'Brien William Christ George Kerchner Thomas B. Rhoads Frederick Coulter Reuben Klein Griif Reinhard Samuel Daukel Nicholas Kuhns Aaron Roeder Frederick Engel George King Matthew Snyder Augustus Engel Charles King David Schaffer Henry Falk J. K. Longenhagen Sanmel Snyder George W. Frame Peter S. Levan Francis Schafler Orlando Fuller John Lucky Lucien Sch roeder David A. Frey Emery Lindster Johji G. Seider John Guth James Lilly John Sch reck Thomas B. Glick Franklin Laubach Robert M. Sheetz 63

Mi(li;a-1 Smith lieiijamiu F.Schwartz Malrai Fau.st I'tter iShireniiin Frederick Wilt Joseph Fischer Fruiikliu Siegfried Constant Losch William C. Frame

,J Mines Troxell William Ilausler James Gaumer

, Jacob Seholl Solomon Becker Prebtou B. (Jood Jaiiicb A. TrexJer Solomoji Wieder John Great George Youss William N. Smith Henry C. Gracely Gilbert Whitcinan Richard Arnbriiin John J, Harte John P. Weaver William Buskirk Max J. Hallnieycr James M White Benjamin Bortz George T. Henry Jdlin Weiss C. W. Huutzberger Henry Henn Ambrose Weener Charles A. Henry Lev in us Hillegass

Hiram Werkheiser Jamee W. Grades Henry J. Horn beck Ceiirad Warneck D. K. Diefenberfer Philip Hower Franklin II. Wilson John Pratt Jacob RoUiuger .VcUun Wuchter John G. Hfclfricd George P. Butz John Whorley John W. Click Hiram Brobst Levi Werner Harrison Guth David Buskirk ^Villiam H. Moll George Hepler Jacob Beidleman W. H. Meyer John Kneller Alfred Boynton William OHhouse Nelson Coffin Edwin Crader Henry iSoltzman R M. Fornwald Charles Carter Harrison Lilly Allen Wolf Jacob Diebl Charles H. Michael James Guidner Lewis Dennis William Reiser Daniel Anspaeh Aljdieus Keck Levi U. Getter Peter H. Bernd Henry Daisor AVillirm H. Heberlinp; Ja

George W . Hatter Jeremiah Bern hard Milton A. Eng(!lman John F. llakleman John Brensinger Francis Everett Osborne Hauser William L. Burger Peter G. Fegely William Herman John Barton William Frick William A. Hausor Joseph Barber Ferdinand Fisher 181 men Jaeob H. Bowman Henry Gelter Company C. John Becker Franklin T, Goi^d Charles Mickley* Adam Bachman William Gu{)itill John J. Goebelt Thomas K. Crader William Geis.-inger Thomas B. Lcisenring]; John Curran William Hertz William H. Slettler Timothy Deterline Ed. H. Hunsijcrger Charles A. Haekman Timothy Donahue Jonathan Heller Henry T. Dennis Benjamin Diehl Cornelius Heist Jacob W(jrman Henry Doll Solomon Hillegas.s

Daniel Mertz ( harles Eckert Franklin Hoilert Martin II. Haekman William Eberhard John Hcil Jame«3 Crailer Mantes Eisenhart Jacob Hay 64

John E. HcllVich Hiram Mertz J. Martin Charles Kauftniau William H. Mertz Simon D. Wolf William Keck John Meissenheimer Frederick Weisbach Lewis Keiper Eidmund Miller John E. Webster George Knauss Franklin Moyer Jeremiah Westcott John Kremniill Gideon Moyer David Wieder William Kennedy William Mercer J(;seph Young John Kuutz Benjamin F. Neur Engelbert Zanger D. Leibenspergar Franklin Gland Henry Zeppenf'elt William Leiby Aaron Peter 195 men

George W. Lightfoot Francis Pfeiffer Companj' I. John Laeker Jenathan Reber A. G. K. Coleman* Charles Mojer Isreal Rein hard Levi Stuberf

Wellington Martiu Jonas Scherer Theodore Mink J Frankliu C. Mertz Francis Stuber James Stuber William Martin Reuben L. Seip William H. Moyer Henry Meyer Daniel Sheetz Edwin Camp Orlando Miller John Schimpf Owen Kuder Barney Montague Francis Sehmetzer Thomas J, Kerr John R. Moody Erwin Stabler Isreal F. Hartzell Daniel Mead Walter C. Smith Charles H. Dankel James Noddins Edmund G. Scholl Alvin J. Hartzell Condy O'Donnell Henry Smith D. H. Nunneiiniacher Moses Peter Carl Shorp Allen Lftwall Henry Rice W. H. Trumbower W^illiani H. Halleman George Reber Luther M. Tooney Edwin Keiser William C. Reinsmith John A. Ulig Thomas Burke J. W. H. Stronninger Fred. Vaughn Ciiarles Nolf Ambrose L. Schultz Frederick Walter Ste])lien Hettinger Christian Smith Edward Wieaud Joseph Hettinger Charles Stem George Wooten Jefferson Kunkel Frederick L. Jacoby Reuben Wetzell Henjy Miller Daniel T. Reiser Peter Weller T. W. Fritzinger Allen P. Kern merer George Xander John W. H. Diehl James H. Knerr William Young Joseph Kramer William H. Kramer Jacob Stangala William Frack Benjamin S. Koone William Sieger Tilghman H. Desh Jacob Knappenberger Irwin Scheirer John Benkhart Isaac Haas Christian Schlay Frank Allenspach Emanuel Loeffier Jereniiah Strahley Theodore Anderson

Benjamin Ci. Lucas Florence Sly John Bush George Lehr Lewis Teichman John BuUard John Lynn Nathan Troxell William Baker Nathan Miller Augustus Upman William Baumeister 65

John IJiirus David C. Hawk Oscar Miller Aii;,'i)stusColvine (Jeorge W. Hartzcll Sylvester McCabc VVilliau) H. Dreisbach L'riah Henry l^eander Morrell T. T. Drawbacd Levi Kraft Jeremiah Metz Frederick Drester Xavier Kraff" William McLaughlin L. Driickeninitler David F. Knerr Jacob New hard I'etcr Dopstadt Charles Klotz Jacob Pet«r Walter P.Fetzcr Ogden Lewis Cornelius Rowan Frauds Farrall John J. Lawall Joseph Rockell Owen Fetzer Franklin LelHer James C. Robereton John Gross James Lutz Marcus Roth Henry Guthart Harrison W. Miller Milton H. Stephens A. GensLenlciter William Martin Levi Stein Samuel Giith Aaron McHose Jocob Seber Francis Gilden Jesse Moyer Henry D. Spinner Eli K. Hunsberger Philip Miller Frederick Scarbecker Granville D. Hangen John Mclntire Gottleib Schweitzer Francis Daufer Niholas McKeever Samuel Smith Allen Knauss Samuel ?*Ios8 Charles Smith Michael Fitzgibbons Alfred C. Pretz Francis Stick Benjaniira Huntzberger George Rhoads Jonas Snyder Whippelt Benkhart William Reed Joseph Stephens George Acher Witliam Radeline Isaiah Schlocter William Burger S. M. Rauvenbush Clinton Sage William Bayne William Schwartz Edwiu F. Trickier Theodore Baker Reuben Snyder John Transue J. Bondenschlager David Shatter Isreal Troxell John Bartholomew Henry C. Suavely Daniel Vansyckle James B. Cole Charles G. Sassaman William Walter John Clemmens William Smith Henry W. W^eil Edwin Dreisbach Stephen Schechtcrly Henry W. Weiser John Dias Frank Siegfried Samuel Wirebach Samuel Dillingham Albert Hiller Lewis Warner Conrad Eckhart William F. Henry Nathan Xander Joseph Freeman Daniel Kramer Peter Yeager William Fenstermacher Edwin Keiper Henry Schlaglr Isreal Foy Charles Kaucher Frederick Stepoens Charles Gross Solomon Krecho Peter Stockschlager Alexander Great Elvin Knauss Levi Schoitt George T. Gross Samuel Lutz Henry Trask Allen P. Gilbert Peter Lynd John Troxell Solomon Gross David Lost James Van Syckel Charles Henry William Mensch Eli Wi(:der Joseph Hawk Charles Matskowsky Harrison Weil 66

Ciitleon Wciser John Bower Alfred Diohl William Whipky Peter Cope Lewis Dipple Daniel Wannemaker John Delp William Eastman Francis Xunder E. Drucken miller William Frey Joseph Yonkert Daniel D. Dackratt John Fersch Thonia.s Zieglcr Philip W. Datzins Joseph Freas Frederick Zieglcr Werner Erbc Ikirri.son Fegely 171 men Charles Fisher Gottlieb Fiessle Company K. Paul Ferg Benedict Glichler George Jnrikert* Rudolph Fisher Lewis Warner Charles W. Abbottf Edward Frederick Nathan Xauder Matthew Millert John Gulty Peter Yeager Frederick Beisel Jesse Geesey Henry J. Schlagle Elias P. Benner Edwin Gross Lewis G. Seip John BischofF Jacob F. Hcrtzog John G. Snyder Samuel Rein cat Jonas Snyder Levi Stahley Peter Reinsmith Joseph Stephens James Strauss Phaon Guth Isaiah Schlocter Evan Strauss Edwin Moyer Clinton Sage Andrew vSnyder C. Weiderbach Edwin F. Trikler John Schim]if William Hinkel John L. Transue William I). Schick Nathan Handwerk Isreal Troxell Matthias Gerrett David H. Fetterolf Daniel Vansyckle Charles Grim Alfred P. Schwoyer William Walter Charles Ileiney

George J. Scherer Henry W. Weil I larrisoi) Handwerk Sanuiel Kumfer Henry W. Weiser Henry 11 ant z

William Landis Samuel Wirebach William A. 1 Jeekman Conrad Volkanand William P. Heller Paul H()u>er

W. H. Berger Edward Houser Georye I lod'inan Mauuah Carl John Hinderer George Kase Edwin Person Lewis Benner William Keiter John Saylor Joseph Frack John W. H. Knerr Amos Slutter William Schubard Frederick Knell George Kruck Valentine Amend Jacob Kentzler Martin Guth Charles Acker William Siiherer William Knerr Peter Barkemeyer James Sieger Daniel Fritz Charles Bower John C. Siegel Benjamin Amy Joseph Bachman John Schuchard William Barr William Barber Josiah Siegler .Francis Bogcr Tilghman Breisch Ch.ristoi)her Ulrich Henry A. Breinig Lewis Berliner James D. Weil M. Bornscheier William Carl, Samuel Woodring Tilgliman Boger Francis Dankcl Sanmel Wolf William Brecht John Dotterv Benjamin Zellner 67

rils^liiiian Sourwiiie Moses F. Klotz 128th Regiment, Pennsyl William Snyder Hi ram Kolb vania Volunteers. 9 mos. service. Mustered in the Anthony Krause Julius Landrock 15th of Augu.st 1S61. W. W. Hammersley, Lieu George Killmore W. A. Leibensperger tenant Colonel. John Kolb Lewis Long Company D, David Klolz Amandas Long John P. Dillinger* N\'il]ian) Leonhard Joseph Louis Walter Seipf Daniel Long Solomon Long William Millert Elias Leh Jonas Metzger Franklin C, Waaser George Leonhard Peter Miller Stephen Schwartz Abraham Landis Sa-muel Madder William G. Moyer Harrison Metzger Alfred Muthard (ieorge F. Hawk Lewis Miller Martin Muensch Tilghman F. Horn John Moser Jacob Madden Abraham Worraan Lewis Metzger William Noll James Albright Paul Strauss Frederick Nessler Frederick A. Boas Daniel Strauss Elias Ready Henry A. Bergcr William Sterner Henry S, Roraig Henry Burger F. Sackenheimer Charles Richter Allen Blank John SchoU David Semmel Sylvester Burgen A]fre

Henry S' Toole 92iid Regiment, Pennsyl- Phaon Plartman vania Volunteers. Ninth David Moesner ' J. H. B. Jarrett Cavalry. Three years John McConnell service. Mustered in the George Keck Patrick McFarland 29th of August, i86i. William D. Miller Company A. Conrad Nagle John Nagle Samuel Schneck Charles Preston Benjamin C. Roth Tilghman Mtller Martin Reifinger George Diefenderfer Daniel Becktell Charles Resch Frederick A. Ruhl Ellis T. Hammereley William Schrank Ignatz Grosser Henry H. Mertz Benjaniin Shoemaker George Hox worth John Masenheimer Nicholas Hagelgans William Sowden Edward G. Yeager Jacob Hull Alonzo Kuntz James R. Haramersley Abraham Iveiter William Graver Charles Dickson Edward Keller Stephen A. Henry Augustus Ebert James E. Knerr Jamee S. HoHert Oscar T. Hoffman Koffler Philip Helweid John Victor Mataner John Holdhoff Richard Saeger Solomon S. Frederick John Keiser 13 men Victor Fahringer 68

Charles Nagel Company G, David Miller Peter Huber* Miller Peter Romig William H. Daniel Millorf Charles Suyder Menuo Miller A. Lucas Jeremiah Siegfried James Samuel B. Parker Leech Jeremiah Transue Benjamin F. David O. Pritchard Brock Herry Wieaiid Preston William H. Reitz PfeiHer William Wagner Charles A. Abraham Beclitel D. George Kichard Grauff Reuben Reuben Bittner John W. Stull Butz Moses L. Klotit Henry W. Roney Nathan Ktifer Jan)es R. Levi F. Reidy Emanuel Kuauss Milton H. Dunhij) Thomas J. Raynes Wellington Man in Franklin S. Ritter J, B. Lichtenvvalner Hamilton Henry A. Breinig George W. Henry Shenton William H. Schlosser Smith James A. Bieber Benjamin F. Solomon H. Kramer Franklin Bower Henry Stout Mahlon H. Beary Henry Weller Jeremiah Sourwine David Hollenbach Edward Blosa Daniel Strauss Lewis Fink Franklin Bloss John P. Weaver Smith Aaron Frederick Samuel Daniel Weiss J. Keck James A. Jackson Tilghraan Henry Richard Willoughby Knauss James Lutz William J. Richard David Maddren Elias Andreas. Griffith Schindler Henry Nagle Robert Attreed William Schnerr George Berger Smith Theodor« Siegfried William G. William W. Weaver Tilghman Bloss Henry H. Snyder Brader James Wetzel Thomas J. Reuben So r ben Berkenmeyer John George J. John Watt Ira Coffin Wilt Andrew Gang we re Hiram Albert Dor ward Zelluer Riuehart Keifier Thomas Daniel Dillinger Beaver Harrison Knauss J. Milton W. Fenstermaoher William Kern C. Joseph Barriss Fry H. Nunenmaker William Lewis Daubert Flata Diefenberfer Henry K. Reiss Andrew Charles F. Good Davis Daniel Schleigler Thomas Hugh O. A. Goranflo Henry G. Wagner William James Eli William Haas Joseph Yingling Edwin Fretzinger Henry Huber Gackenbach Henry Peiffer David William Kenner Jacob H. Sutton Aaron Krum Kern Frederick Weaver Gabriel L. W. O. Goranflo James Krum Mandas Henry Tilghraan Peter Theodore Knauss Tilghman Jacoby Jacob Richard John Lentz Jeremiah Kern John E. Schaffer Henry Lucicnbill Alfred Klotz 8^ men Daniel Moyer James Kunkle 69

Fraukiii) J. Keck Benjamin Boycr C. \V. Fen.-itermacher Jacob Loug Frank Chri-stman William Guth Daniel F. Meitz William David Michael Kurler Howard C Manvill John Eisenhard Milton Laudonsch lager Henry Merkel Augu.stiis Fegely John Mayberry Franklin Mover Stephen Fegely Jacob .Moyer William Mertz ^^'illianl Gorr John Mongold Eniamiel Paules P^dward Harlacher Charles H. Nuso Paul Relirig William H. Hiskey Moses Nelford Jorrathan W. Reber James Haines Jacob Ritter 98 men. John H, Hoffner William Rauo 176th Regiment, drafted Alfred Haaz Amandas Stephens Militia. Nine month ser William Kehm Tilghmau Schwartz vice. Mustered in Nov. 7th 1S62. Wiiliam Albitz David Stewart Company A. Nathan Bortz William Wieder Levi iSch mover* John Fritz Josiah Rochel Monroe H. Millerj David Frederick Nathan Rickert Alexander Singmaster J Daniel Faust Charles Remsen J. Franklin Mertz Linneus Gripply Peter SchifFert Jacob Geary Amandas Knerr Charles Smelsley Ainatias VV. Jacoby L. F. Laudeuschlager Henry Smith James G. Gorr John Mest Peter Shell Edward Doll William Miller Jacob Sorber Jacob Hinkel Jacob J. Miller Tilghmau Wetzel {Simon S. Miller James Neumoyer 87 men. Henry Schmoyer Benneville Oswald Company B John Bleiler James Richard Samuel D. Lehr* Jacob Acker John F. Romig Daniel Knaussf David liexter Alfred Sturk John L. Culberston| Henry Bleiler Henry Schafl'er Franklin C. Balliett David Derr Stephen Wieder B. Frank Abbott William M. Flexer James Weil Acjuilla Knauss Lewis Eisenhard John Ruhf John A. Long Levi Giering Augustus Frederick John Fall ringer William F. Sel]) William Gorman John LL'hman Lewis H. Reinhard Jacob Horace Milton J. Guth Jonas F. Gorr John P. Haas Samuel Roth Charle.- H. Hi

Nathan Adam Daniel Kcrscluier John Morgan;!;

Jacob l>a.-t. Edwin Koch Silas T. Biery Charles Frantz Charles Kichline Joseph Koch Alfred Guth Levi Levan Jacob Herling William Herman Alfred Moyer John Liiidenmuth William Kratzer Tilghman Beisel William J. Frantz Andrew Keck Allen J. Troxell Henry L(/rish James Kichline Uriah Sanders Isaac George Solomon Long Edward Steyer Gideon Moyer Andrew Loughridge Alfred T. Bern hard Charles Menuingle Adam Miller William SchafTer Rol>ert Newhard Joseph Moyer Edward Bauer Heiman Peter Milton Nunenmaker Ferdinand Buchman Joseph Protzellen Daniel Roth Benneville Bart Henry Schatier Evan Strauss John Deily Thomas Scheirer Lewis Schaller Edward Y. Eiigelman Philip Siegle Esekias Wisser Charles Frick Reuben Snyder Henry Schuler Abraham Miller Frederick Scherer Henry Stiiith John Moyer Aaron Wenner Peter Weaver A Nunenmaker Henry Lauer Henry Lehr Edwin J. Sell Charles Miller Solomon Miller Lewis Sell Peter Miller William J. Minnich Jeremiah Speigle Patrick Nugent Frederick Oswald Charles Smith Henry Oisander John David Madison Strause Jacob Roth Alvin Fink Daniel Taylor Frederick Schermer Daniel F. Fink James A. Yeager Isreal Schmoyer William Fry Elias Laser Tilghman Smith David D. Gilbert Nathan Muthard Edwin Trively Charles Heneinger Franklin Miller Joseph Younkert Thomas HoHman Daniel Ferver Isaac Moyer Samuel J. Kramer Phaon H. Guth Adam Miller Tilghman Keinert Joseph Gackenbach Samuel Oldt William Kerr Michael Hauser Willoughby Peter Solomon Ritter Josioh Kncrr Amandas Reinert Aaron Beisel Franklin Kline Lewis Scheirer Joseph N. Ruch John Kuhns Edwin Biehl James Kuder Daniel Pattison Andrew Buder James Knauss Joel Steines Edwin Diehl Charles Beltz 102 men* Christian Flarkle

Aaron Fah ringer Compan 3' D. Charles Gross Lewis Gaumcr David Schaadt* Moses Hauser Daniel George Charles L. Koch* Jehn Herman Henry W. Jarrett Samuel A Brownf Evan Holben 7\

Katlian Ilaii^or David Lanchner Franklin l<'iney Jacob i'vopple ]Cd\vard diarlich Lewi- K. Brown Jacob Kromer Adam Klausa

Francis Carter Philip Horn George I). King Lranklin Snyder Jame.s Fucherty Frederick Martin \\ illiani .Sniitli Phaon Diehl Samuel Mack Milton 8ny«ler Samuel Clader Charles Ziegenfuss Adam Tuckert Louis Kratzer Henry Billard William Wright Stephen Kechliue John Albright John Link Lewis Hopper Alfred Butz Ahraham Miller 101 noon. Hiram Burger Nathaniel Moll Company K. Henry Chron Edmund Newhard Tilghman Sleiker'- Edward Dallas Holonvon J. Rawe Peter Graybillt W'illoughby Egner Allen Roth Henry Wierbauh| Franklin Fritzinger Matthew Schwerer John Hohe Charles Ferguson ^lose.s -Semmol John Albright John Hower Philip Storm Charles Rockel John Hartman James Frietz Joel Roth John Johnson William Harmony Larus Koch Isaac Kloughertz William Hunt Charles Hohe Reuben D. Long Jidin KiiHe Heury Sleiker Joseph Moory Isaac Lauh Samuel Furry John Boyd tJeorge Loeb Lucas Baumer James Crader William Merkley William Ziegler Henry Ehc .Jo.siah Kern William Hohe William Ebertz Jesse Warn bold Christian Neuchler Edw-in Gernet Reuben Helfrich Frederick Binder Alfred George Josiah iSaeger Charles Breisher John A. Kncrr Lewis Miller James Carroll Edward Ulauss Jo.-^eph I\Ii!ler John Derr David Mack Frank Gorden Francis Dimmel Tilglimau Relxirt Alexander Brown J. Fenstermacher Cyrus Reifenderfer James Bate* Samuel Faust Edwin Rex Peter Bowman William O. Hartman Henry H. Rex M. Druckenmiller George M. Hoffman Elias Schncck (ieorgo Eisenhard Jacob Hopper Jeremiah Schneck Anthony Levi Knerr Fogel Henry W Steibling William llauser Samuel Kern Jlcnry Smith Henry Paul Michael Hausman Conrad C. Wolf Charlee Holy John Bergland Valentine Wright William W^ikon William Brown Alfred Yehl Alfred .AliUer David rig Eh rfaniuel Yehl Martin Ebert John Nathan Lewis Zerfaas 72

Elias Roth Thomas Brauscher Daniel Olenwine Ephraim Schrejber Henry Billig Isaac Oswalt

Harrison Simons (v. Druckenmiller Jonas Phillips Peter Snyder Joseph Dengler Solomon Riegel Tilghnian Stehley Jonas Grim Reuben Phillips Joseph Rickert Henry Hartrauft Charles F. Reed Reuben Roth Levi Greenawalt Harry Snyder Willoughby Schaifer William Henning«r Daniel Smith Hilary Schneck Anthony Coleman John F, Snyder Johu Samuel Willoughby Camp Benjamin Weida John Wittmer William Freed Elias Zellner Jonas Wright Edwin Hermany Solomon Zettlemoyer Charles Yehl Owen Krauss Jacob Oswalt William Wright David Kistler Benjamin Rauch Joseph Yehl Edwin Koenig Thomas Ruch Mano Rockei Jacob Moser Adam Rupple Oliver Roth John Miller Jacob Schoedler Moses Stein inger Robert McDaniels Benneville Smith Samuel Smith Samuel Sechler Samnel Wagoner Josith Steckel Samuel Arnold William Sicks Matthew Winsch Lewis Schultz Henry Schwens 98 men Dennis Northst^in Henry Sizelove Company I. Levi 8. Follweiler Charles Winderholder Alfred F. Creitz* Reuben Hunsicker 88 men. Lewis Harmonyt John Shappel Company K. William GrosscupJ Jacob Hartman S. C. Lee* Wm. H. Cassler Samuel Follweiler George Neilz* Stephen Stiegerwalt Daniel Billig Edwin Seibertf Levi Stiegerwalt Jacob Brobst Philip W. FloresJ Manassah Behler Charles Deppe George G. Rodenberg Allen Xander Edward Everett Daniel Schantz Amandas Harmony Joseph Hausman Charles Heil Henry B. Creitz William Eckroth William M. Roeder Daniel Moose Daniel Heintzelraan Willoughby Stoudt David Horn Jefferson Kunkel Henry Bower David Wartman Daniel Creitz Robert Groman Michael Bachert John Camp William Williams Owen Grosscup Joseph Handwerk William E, Bennedict Reuben Daubert Samuel Knecht Willoughby Bauder Levinus Smith Benjamin Kunkel George Repp Thomas Everett Stephen Leh William H. Wieand Daniel Bachman Samuel Loch James F. Smith Charles Smith John Miller Eugene T. Tool Elias Herber Lewis Miller John F. Fegely 73

ThoniM F. Mohr Nathan Seibert John D. Gangwere George Knoll Jacob D. Stauffer David Gackenbach John Dice Jeremiah G. Steichter Albert Herman Martin Ackerraan Daniel Thomas Franklin J. Kromer

Benjamin Roth George Y. Stein Harrison S. Kern Elias Diehl John D. Schell Adam Koch Josiah Doney Charles Schell Willoughby G. Kuhns Franklin Dieter S. Rothenberger William Knauss David Fisher Gottlieb Phflueger Levi Kraft Charles Furry Solonnon Mill Aaron Moyer Addison Fry Seth Miller John Nagle, 8r. David Gery Jesse Mangold Theodore Nagle Richard T. Jones Willoughby Doney William Reinhard William Heil William Ettinger William F. Reinhard John Brecht Charles J. Fegely Joel Sterner Franklin Flores Euoch Field Augustus Schitz Franklin Weidner Eli George John Schaffer Levi Schuler William Heft Joseph Trumbower Charles H. Staudt Solomon Hallman Depue Ueberoth Joseph Koons Jonathan H. Bickel Henry Burger Amanda£ Rick Bernhard Behringer William Boeker William Shiffert S. Leibensjjerger Frank Erust John Trombauer Jamea Kidd Thomas Baker William B. Williams John Knoff Franklin Doyle Samuel Schaffer William Jones William Fusselman George Schmoyer Daniel Heimbach Amoe (jiere Jeremiah Swartz John A. Griffith John Gorman G. Laudenschlager Jonas Fritz Edwin Hess David Rudolph 76 men. William Kieffer William Sicher 202nd Regiment, Penn- Anthony Kleinsmith Solomon Fritz syWania volunteers. One James Kern year service. Mustered Tobias Gehrhart in August 30th 1864. Edwin Knechel William Knoll Company E. John Keiffer Isaac Klein Walter H. Seip* Henry Knerr David Kricbel Benjamin C. Rothf David M. Miller John Lewis James A. Lucae^ Aaron P. Ntgle Henry Mohr Alfred Mellin John Pettitt Amos Miller Jeremiah Transue Lewis F. Ruhf John T. Roberts Henry Weiand Emanuel Reinhard Michael Nuss George Benson Aaron Fredeick Lewis Rein bold Henry Wittenmeyer Milton W. Reichard Francis Schnffer Frankl.n Brobst C. Laudenschlager Edwin Weil Madison Coles Henry D. Brown John Wolf Lewis Fluck Jacob H. Burger r

Jereniiah Bcideliuan Jacob A. Smith John K resale George H. Good Jacob Strickler Francis Kuhns Alfred Smitli Frederick Saxenheimer Albert Kleckuer William H. H. Trexler Hiram Parker Mi ram Kratzer Joliu Knerr John Nagle Jr. Jonathan Klotz Eugene v^tettler David INiiller Henry Lev an Milton Kichline lOG men Cornelius Jx'ntz Henry Smith 209th Regiment, Pennsyl James Mace Hiram F. SchafTer vaiiia volunteers. One Ephraim Michael year service. Mustered Moyer Edwin Troxell ill September 14th 1864. Amandas Jereniiah Biery Company H. Joseph x\rnold Henry E. Burger William H. Millev^^ Reuben Brader Augustus Bechtel William Kerrf Wilson Benninger Henry Derr Lewis Fink| William Clark Nathan Gaumer Albert Dorward Francis Develin Amandae Hack man John Lutz John Eastman Charles Hartnian- William Marshall C. F. Engelman James J. Kunkel A. 0. Frankenfield O. H. C. Fallweiler William Lentz Penrose Rex William German Jeese Lehman William Coffin Amandas Geruett Jamefi Moore Paul Michael Anthony Gehrig Harrison Miller David Overholt Tilghman Handwerk Lewis Miller W^illiam Morton Jr. James N. Hersh William Osman William Keener Hezekiah Hii)i)le Herman Stettler Cornelius Fagen John Jones Franklin Smith Tilghman Wagner Charles Krauss Milton Saeger James Snyder Josiah Klotz Edwin Schertinger Levi Ziegenfuss Jacob Koch George Wolf Lewis Kratzer Samuel Keiffer Harrison Young Thomas Arnold James Kane Moses Hoffman Moses Allender Jehn Lawrence Henry Kleckuer George Blocker Edwin Loch Uriah Keck Jacob Christ Moses Metzgar Charles Lick John Darrohn Henry Meyers William A. Lynn Jacob Ebert Thomas Murray Nathan Miller William Edwards Samuel Mace Addison J. Knauss Milton Eckert William McDonald Augustus W. Mennig Jarrett Ferber William Nagel Eli L. Fatzinger William Greissley Elihu Oswald Allen D. Burger Jeremiah Geiger Robert Ohl George Burger Tilghman Hartzell Joseph Rex

J. Bartholomew Charles Holy Samuel Roth John Young Aaron Ilandvverk ^Villiam Ruhe John Vogel Michael Herley William Rex 75

Edwin Hex William lja>lier Henry NYeikel Weis.s TilL''luiiim Rol)cr Jeremiah Beidleman John Yingling Jolui iSnydcr William Buriiham John O. James Christ Gabriel Keiper I It'll ry Soil Cole William Knauss David V. Williiiiiisoti Henry Dietl'er Stephen Lutz 'I'lioinas Wor^t George Francis Weaycr Milton Eckert Edward Lucas Y. Engleman AagustiKs I'atrick McCaun Edward Manning Tilghman AVilliani Nicholas Franklin Freed Gzmau Charles Itobcrt Ncwhart Anio.s Guth Egge Frederick Peter Oswald Walter Getter Frantz Emanuel Paules Peter Hartman Peter Grim • Francis Kabenold Henry Hecknian Uriah Guth Alfred Kittor Solomon Helf'rich (Jecjrge Hagenbuch jNloses Joseph Hecker Ivuhert F. K()bert(5 Kehm Lewis Rex William Keyser Henry Heimbach Kaiper Simon Irvin Kohcr Daniel Houck George Aniandas Kotii Daniel Keyser Kautfman Charles (ûier Cliarles Shiffert Francis Kramer Simon Snyder William Lind Walter Reinsmith Henry Weiss Benjamin Lucas Franklin Rinker David .AliUer Adolpbus Rosstaischer Henry W. \\'eiss Matthew Zimniermon Charles Present Uriah Sandere William 98 nien Solomon Reinsmith PL Simons MIIJTIA Charles Reinsmith Charles Wagner RL'iîment was organ- 5lh James Ritter Thomas Wenuer ized. Se))teniljt;r i3lhiS62 Milton Weaver The field and staff officers Joseph Ruhe were H. C. Longecker Col Henry Seag reaves Francis Weidner onel, li. Clemens Iîeu- J. Henry Wuchter tentant Colonel, Melcliior Edwin Hittle Horn, K

H. J. Hageidiachf Jeremiah liiery Charles .1. Ilajnes lienjamiu Sweitzer;}; Henry Bitting James Smith

William Kre^s J. Burger Thomas Ruhe Simeon Price Washington Christman .Vlfrcd J. Breinig Tilgliman Kemmerer Dennis Diefenderfer Allen A. Huber William Desch Solomon Dorney Henry A. Evane; .Joim Stcpp Edwin Strauss Charles Mohr isreal Yingling Paul Wal.l Frederick A. Baldwin Charles Arthur Benjamin \V( aver Jonathan Becker 76

John Bergland Samuel Smith Matthew Bliche Jacob S. Dillinger Wi Hough by Trexler James S. Biery Jaoob Goebel Wilson Wieder Edward Clauss John Hartzell §9 men Tilghman Daubert Benneville Hine Company G. Henry Diencr Benjamin F. Jacoby George B. Schall^. Allen P.Steckel William Laubach Thomas Snyderf James P. Roder Edward D. Lawall Sylvester Weller;}; Allen Newhard Eugene Master Cornelius Fagen Charles Shout Daniel H. Miller Franklin Beck Jacob R. Wolle

S. R. Missly Elias Shingler Allen Pfeiffer Esaiah Rehrig Mihon H. Beidler Edwin L. Young Warner Ruhe George Engelman Joseph Moll Thomas Keck Daniel Gilbert Allen Burger Amandas Wagner Francis Strachley Jacob Bast Elisha Forest Alfred Adam James Beck Samuel B. Anewalt Benneville Ecker Jonathan Bear Joseph E. Balliett Owen Fatzinger Benneville Christraan Henry Gangwere Aniandas Grecnawalt Henry Daubert Jacob Blumer George Hand Jacob Eckert

J. A. Aikens William Hertz Robert Fatzinger John Bechtel Isaac Hummel Peter Fegely Samuel Becker William Kuder James Gernart James Gaboon Henry Kercher Daniel Hood Conrad Eniig Tilghman Kramer William Hintz W. H. Hagenbuch James Kuder Herman Haverly Solomon Hartzell Allen Mohr William Leibeusperger Edward C. Heiber William Mohr Tobias Kessler John Krauss Jr. James NefF Milton Kramer Edward Laubach Charles Richter Solomon Long Walter Losch Tilghman Ruhe Samuel Miller Thomas B. Metzgar Tilghman Reinhurt Tobias Moser Harrison Miller Henry Schwartz E

Charles Wolf Daniel Fritz Edward Schitlcrt Augustus Wober Martin Heft Henry F. Ames Si men. Gottlieb Herzog Owen Bachman Company H. William Henry Daniel Beidelman William Hoflman-i' Robert Latimore Samuel P. Bliss Friuiklin Stellert Hiram Mertz Reuben Dcech Abiel Heilman:J: John Nelig William Dicht Heury Kitter William Rant Charlee Eekert Htun- E. liiulie \Villiam Roth \V'illiam Reiser Frankliu Trexler William Ritter Thomae Keck Henry Schwartz William Roinhard Theodore Siegfried Owen Mertz Morris Steraler Alfred Ettinger Moses Schenck Daniel Shitz John Stoj)p Almon Nagle John Sowers W^illiam Jiaucham Henry Borneman William Sassaraan John H. Johnson Peter Cortright Francis Smith John Anthony George Daufer Lewis Shetton Hiram E. Bectelman Edwin Eisenhard Peter Stark Charles Beahm George Frieil Daniel Trump Milton Brong Daniel Fink Edwin Wieaud Michael Correll Wilson Gross Jacob Weaver Alpheus Deech Charles Herzog Henry Zink Milton Eekert William Hufert Edward Sherer Jacob Friees Jonathan Knauss Nathan Snyder Peter Fegely Is real Lehr Reuben Steble Franklin Grim Tilghman Miller Tilghnian Snyder Walter Guetter Henry Odenheimer Charles Sane William Knauss Solomon Kaut Francis Troxell Wilsnn Kistler Lewis Roth Frederick Wilt Charles Knauss William liuhe Ijenjamin Wonderly Constantine 3Iartin Hermon Schuon William Yohe Hiram Mertz Henry Fried 71 men Augustus Minnich D. F. J. Deschler 37th Regiment; Emergen Allan Moore Mustered iu George Hoftman cy troops. George Reeder June 19th 1S63. Henry Trexler Company H. Walter Rein.sinith William Mininger Isaac M. Gregory* Benjamin Smith Benjamin Fleckner Edward B- Youngf Eugene Stettler Franklin Hersh Benjamin K. SweitzerJ Hiram Shinier Allen F. Barber Edwin Hittle Levi Ziegenfuss Samuel BaUm Charles H. Dankel Christian Smith Jacob Clettver Samuel Anewalt Aaron Tice Charles Erdman Joseph Balliett John Weiss Charles Everett Jacob Bass Alfred V. Willenmeyer Tikdiman Frederick Jame^ Moeeer Francis Weimer 78

Milton Weaver David W. Boweu Franklin Eckeusperger Henry W itteuuieyer William IF Bates Charles Andreas Eli Fritzinger John Case David P. Bowen Amos Gutli Jacob Gate Joseph liroadseller JSolunion Helt'rich John Conway Williiim Boyle Cliarles Kuutlinan James Moran James Blair Lewis Kistler Tdgliman Michael John Cane Frank Laubach William Miller Joseph Cane Harrison Millei James McCleary William J. Craig Frank Mertz James McNab John Church Theodore Mohr David Davis John Hunter David Overholt Owen Eastman Joseph McMullen William Kees Charles Fuller Joseph McFetridge Daniel Keinhard Jacob Funk Jacob Donecker Reuben Heij) Barthold Fritchey Morgan Emanuel, Jr. Franklin 8miLli Adam Pulton James Fuller John A. Shaffer Joim Gross Orange Fuller John Shimer Thomas Hunt Adam Freund Frauklin Troxell George Hopkins Samuel Friess Theodore Taylor William Hock Joseph Forrest Charles NVugner Jo.

Charles GralHn Evan W^illiams Company C. ,John Courtney Daniel Yoder William Biery Reuben A. lioyer CJeorge Matchett Tilgliman Brcisch John Barr J)auiel Milsou Franklin Bower John Black Evan Edwards -«Johu Campbell 79

Reiss Williiiin llopkiu.- Henry .). Horn Tilghman S. P. F. .Saniuel Wolle Charles Huber Benjamin Schwartz William Horn William Ibach Isreal Schnock Simon Kester Henry L. Kenner Peter Schultz Peter Schreibcr Georfê Mii>nicli Benjamin Ibach William Wheeler Benjamin Kleckner John L, Schreiber Clinton P. Trexler F. P. Laiibach Emanuel Knauss James H. Unger John Keif'cl Isreal Lehr Frederick Wilt Alfred Lynn Jesse Lehman lo men Lewis P. Levau Henry Weiosheimer (iottliei) Lutch Henry E, Willenmeyer Rejînient, Kniergen 4i.st Ueberoth cy militia. Mustered in William Mohr Depue July 1st 1863. James Nagel Peter Wenner John H, Oliver, Major, Peter Weller A. B. Longaker, Quarter Edward Oehs master. Lewie P. Q,iieeu Williaai Young W. H. Seip^^ George Reese '.){) men Jienjaniii) C. Kotb;j; Chsrles Richler Company I. James A. Lucas;}: William Roth Cbarles Keck-*^ Henry Stanton Henry Roth Daniel H. Klinef James Koney Augustus Scherer Stephen Smith| John Naêl Tilghman Snyder Abner A. Campbell James Lntz Jeremiah Scherer James A. Richer rienry E. liur«;er Walter Scholl Daniel Reinsmith Henry W'iand Jeremiah Shuman Benjamin Schlosser Andrew Ciangwere Je6se Smith David Deily Jolm D. Albright OltoGeier David Pfaff Augustus Bechtel Henry A. Heckraan John Roth Mtidison Cole Uriah Hartzell Jacob H. Berger Solomon Fatzinger Henry Ibach William Bergenmoyer John Grotz Moses Kehra Eugene Breyfogel William Schlos*er Peter Kroner Lewis Baer Harri.ôn Bntz Christian Kuntz Francis Balliett (ieorge T. Young Edward Lucae Solomon Bachman Daniel iMiller Daniel Lehr Peter Coop John Lackey Jacob Leibeuiipergcr James DeLong Charles Landenschlager Milton Laudcnschlager John F]vans Aaron Frederick Wellington Martin William Fry Dallas Xander George Nnunenmacher Levi Krautis

Adam Beers Jetjf«e Oehs George Dieflenderf'er Henry D. Cuater Charles Preston Alfred G. Peter Edward T. Engelman Reuben Raub Gideon Smith Nathan (Jaumer William Reinhard Joseph Hough Frederick Cuingwere John Ro* Leon F. Roeder Jaci)b (ioebble William A. Roncy Irwin Raber 80

John Ratley Levi Smith Daniel Fritz Eli Reinert Willoughby Shoemaker Charles Gorr Paul Smith Horace Troxell John Gorr Chiirles Lcinberger Philip Werley Charles Hart Daniel H. Snyder Robert Young George Hand Benjamin Allender 70 men David Howard James Bachraan Company K. Philip Hill Philip Helvert Peter Banner Charles INtertz''^ Sylvester Bieber Abiel Heilmanf Charles Kramer San)uei Balliett Harrison Kern Henry Freed J Alfred Biege Thomas Snyder Willoughby Kern David Clause John A. Young John La Roche Minnich Wilson Druckenrailler Henry C. Huber George Aaron Druckenmiller Daniel Smitli Henry Moore Josiah Fatzinger Jeiemiah Transue John Man hart Josiah Fry W^illiam Haas Aaron Moyer Lewia Fraclc Sylvester Weller John Musonheimer Nagle Jonas Gery Charlee C. Moore Andrew John Greber Blackford Barnes Tilghman Ott Elias Hartraan Adolph ClausB Werner Ruhe Stephen Hallman Edwin Desch Edward Reichard Ephriara Keeser Tilghman Frederick Christian Stahley John Long Benjamin Fatzinger Hiram Schaffer Stempfle Ellis J. Peter Benjamin Fink Joseph Asher T. Queer Andrew Gangwere William Landis Jacob Seiss James Gallagher Josiah Leferre Daniel Snyder Mose-s Hoffman Owen Metz David Steffan Solomon Heberly William Moore Aaron West Henry Hardner John Moyer Doll John Wilbert John Hill Josiah Phaon George Edwin Jacoby Wilson Moyer John Groff Henry Kemmerer Theodore Nagle William Ruhe Levi Haaf William J. Reichard Lewis Phaon Haupman William G. Moyer Roth Milton Kachline Henry Trexler Aniandas Sieger Jonas Ludwig Milton Bieber Tilghman Steinberger Jacob Oswald David Hardner Ludwig Schultz Alfred Peter John Lentz 75 men. James Reinsmith Stephen A. Henry * Captain, f Lieutenant. and lyieulciitant. Samuel Ritter Samuel Apple i Joseph Ray Charles Bennett Solomon Reinsmith Hugh Cassily Sebastian Silliman John Eisenhard Joseph Snyder Robert Fatzinger 8t

The whole number of men furnished by Lehigh coiiuty (hiriii;,' the Civil

War of l.S(il to 18(>5, was28<).'). Tlic number of men killed in battle were S'S, number of men wounded in battle M, number of men that died in ean)j) were 2'>>, number of m?n captured by the Confederates were 257, number of men that were drowned were 3, number of men, missing in action were 49, and 483 men mention-

ed as killed and wounded and missing, making a total lo.-^e of 1218 men. ALLEN GUARDS. They were one of the first companies that responded to the Nation's call for volunteers for the defense of Washington. The First Regiment did garrison duty but not engaged in any battles. The Ninth Regiment did also garrison duty and was not in any battles. The Forty sixth Regiment was in the following battles: Winchester, Cedar IMountain, Antictara, Chancellorsville, Get- tysburg, Kesaca, Dallas, Kennesaw, Peach Tree creek. Pine Knob, Marietta, Atlan- ta. The loss of the Regiment while in the serviee was 241 men. The Forty-sev- enth Regiment was in the following battles, St. John's Bluff, Jacksonville, Pocota-

ligo, Red River expedition, yhenadoah campaign, and loss during its service was 538 men. The Ninety-second Regiment was in the following engagments, Leba- non, Moore's Hill, Tompkinsville, Richtnond, Ky., Shelbyville, Perryville, Frank- lin, Rover, Middleton, Cowan, LaFayette, Chickamauga, Dan bridge, Newmarket, Mossy creek, Fair Garden, McMinnsville, Lovejoys, Macon, Bear creek, Waynes- boro(2), Buckhead creek, Buckhead church, Aiken, Lexington, Black Stakes, Av. ery.sboro, Bentonviile, Raleigh, Hillsboro, Morrisville. Their loss was very heavy. This Regiment had the honer of firing the last gun before the surrender of Gener- al J. E. Johnston. The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment was in the

battles of Antietam, where it lost 34 men in killed and S5 men wounded, and at Chancellorsville where 250 of their number were taken prisoners. The One Hun- dred and Seventy sixth Regiment did garrison duty at Newberne, N.C.and Hilton- Head, S. C. The Two Hundred and Second Regiment was in the battle of Salem and guarding rail roads in the Shenadoah valley, during Generia Sheridan's campaign. The Two FLindred and Ninth Regiment fought in the battle of Chapin's Farm, Mead Station, Petersburg and Appomattox court house. The Fifth and Twenty-f-eventh Reginients(Militia of 1S(»2) were organized to aid in repelling the invasion of the Confederate army. The Tiiirty eighth Regiment(Militia. of l-SJi;)) guarded property, repairing rail roads and gathering Confederate stragglers after the battle ol Gettysburg. The Forty first Regiment(Militia of 18M3), 8aw service at South Mountain and guarding property.

THE SPANISH'AMERICAN WAR, J898. Conipauics B. and U., 4tli Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers were from Lehigh county. The officers from our county were Charles O'Neill, J.ieulenant Colonel; W. I). Mickley, Major; Morris F. Cawley, Surgeon Major; Frank D. Beary, Adjutant; J. IIuw. ard Martz, Sergeant Major; Harry Bower, Quartermaster Sergeant.

Company B. William F. Weiss George Wieand Jame^ A. Medlar'^ Otto R. Wollmuth George A. Rex Charles D. Rhoadst Lewis Spangler Jamci' F. Wieand Orlando Miller:|: Edward Fried William Bower Oswell W. Reidy Wilson Desch William Smith 84

CHAPTER XIV.

Post Offices, Attorneys, Pfiysicians, Etc.

POST OFFICES. Lanark Sigmund Alburtis* Laiiry's Station Slatedale* Allentown t (c h) Lehigh Furnace Slatingtonj Balliettsville Linie})ort Standard Best Litzenberg Steinsville Breinigsville* Locust Valley Stettlersville Cata^auquaf Low hill Stines Corner Cementon Lynn port Switzer Centre Valley* Lynuville Trexlertown* Cetronia Lyon Valley Vera Cruz Claussville Macungie* W'alberts Coopersburg* Mick ley's Wannaraaker Coplay* iMineeite Weidasville Corning Minnich Weissenberg Deibertsville Mosserville Werlcys Corner Dillinger Mountainville W'escoesville Dillingersville ^'etfs Zionsville East Texas Newhard Money order offices. International money or- Eckerl New Tripoli t der offices. c h Court Egypt^'^ Old Zionsville house. Emails'^ Orefield .VTTORNEYS. Emerald Plover-'^ From 1S12 to igoi Fogelsville* Powder Valley Henry Wilson Frierlensville* Ringers John Ewing Fulierton* Kisingsun Charles Davis Germansville Rittersville Samuel Runk Guth'.s Station Rockdale John S. Gibbons llaalsvillo Saegersville John J. Wurtz

J loflnian's Saucona John S. McP^arland llokcndauqua* Schaadt,6 Samuel A. Bridges Hose u sack Sclieidy Jesse W. Griffith Hynemansville Schiiccksville Augustus F. Boas

I ronton Seibcrlingsville Robert E. Wright Jacksonville Sei|)Stown John D. Stile.< Jordan Shinierville Nathan Miller Jordan Valley Schoeiiersville Robert S. Brown 36

Fieikiick J. Heller Levi Sclinioyer Moni- Hoai,« Hen IV Kin-r Wm. H. Deschler John riricli John Kvnn.s Henry S. Floyd S. S. DuHy

1 J I ill n ). Honey C. J. Erdmaii W. LaMonte Gillettft

Hen IV .larrett Eli G. Schwartz Henry ( ierraan

Aiulrew L. King David Ro})er 'riiomas ( rro^s Silas H. Hickox H. C. Huiii

John \V. Hornbeck • Win. H. (ilaoe J. M. Wright rhaon Jarrett Samuel A. Butz F. G. W. Runk IVter Wickotr W. 1). Luckeubach Philip McNulty

1 1. C Lougccker George H. Rup[) T. F. l)iefen

Charlc.-* M. Kuuk Joseph Hunter Henry O'Neill Charl&s W. Cooper Wm. S. Young A. P.'Crilly James S. KoefC J. Winslow Wood E. H. Reuuinger J. Dejmy I)avie M. L. KaufTinan H. A. Weller fAJraiuul J. Moore George K. Wilson Enos Erdmau Elisha Forrest James B. Dej>chler M, E. Sehaadt William S. Marx E. A, Muhleuberger Jonas Kline Henry \V. Bonsall E. A. Loch man E. F. Lichtinwalner Ciilbcrt G. Gibbons Harry F. Kramer Morton Martin James R. Struthers Wm. P. Snyder D. R. Home A ham Woolever J. M. McClure Clinton Groinan

L'riah Brunner Willis J. Forrest Oscar Stein John H. Oliver Nathaniel M. Orr E. E. Butz William H. Aiuey Osair E. HoUinan F. T. L. Keiter Cieorgc B. Soiiall M. C. L. Kline A. L. Biery H. H..Schwartz John M. Ket-sler Austin (dick A. B. Schwartz M. G. Henuinger A. N. ririch K. Clay Hamniersly W. H. Muschlitz Wilson Mohr Arnold C. Lewis Editin Stine J. J. Snyder

Robert S. J^eybiirn A. (r. Dewalt A. IL Sieger Henry A. Higler Thomas Foley Frank Jacobs A. W. Jjcyburu R. A. B. Hausinan Keulien Butz

\N'. J-' van Hoi ben Henry Ro?e Samuel Kistler Jxlwin Ali)rigl)t Albert ]'>dmiin .John Schwartz

Jacol) S. Dillinger -lames Sehaadt Robert Schillert rhomas B. Metzgar A. B. Longaker Knlph Metzgar F. A. R. lialbwin Charle.- liunk Calvin Arnor Mahlou H. Biery Harry Stile? Leo Weiss Wm. H. Sowden J. L. Marsteller C. I). 'riKUiias John Rupf) W. Lichtenwaluer Francis Lewis Edward Harvev Allen Focht Gcorpe Lutz 36

H. Cyphers F. W. Quig Daniel Hipstand Kolxirt Taylor Henry Grim Francis Ritter James Bowen W. Histler Albert Miller

J. T. Schantz Phiii[) Pain) Joshua Seiberling Frederick Wittraan Aaron Miller Henry Clemens Jdseph StolHft Edwin Martin Edwin Miller ^Malcolm Gross Wilson Berlin J. D. Erdman Max Erdman Coustantine Martin Josiah Koch

Joseph IS lough Kobert Young Fred Seiberling Harvey Horn Daniel Shade ( ). K. Leidy , George ISpang George Romig Francis Frietag Marcus Hottenstein X. T. Haliman John Dickenshied Ira Erdman \V. J. Loch man E. S. Beaver John Diefenderfer Peter Meyer L. B. Balliet Jacob Erdman Frank Erdman Wilson Kistler Victor Tice William Romig E. G. Stein metz George Aubrey John Helfrich Jeremiah Bowers PHYSICIANS. Albert Erdman H. T. Trumbauer J. D. Christman William Romig Nathaniel Ritter John Kocher Alfred Martin F. M. Laubach Thomas Martin Daniel Yoder W. E. Loyd P. E. Stem Monroe Holbeu James Cole James Graver S. A. Apple Roger Hunt Henry Say lor John Laross Palm Helfrich John Hendricks Robert King Thomas Scherer Josiah Kern M. J. Kline W. H. Hamersly Solomon Bernd Thomas Nagle William Rentzheimer Abraham Fetherolf Charles Martin Abraham Kistler Sflmuel Young Charles I). Martin Agnes Schlough Eugene Dic^kenshied John Trumbauer B. P, Backus

J). Fritch Jacob Miller John Brobst William Herbst Eugene iMohr Harvey Bean Charles Keim John Diller Charles Brobst John Romig Thomas Straseer Augustus Bancroft Frank Schlough Louis Collins Louis Borkemeyer

William Erdman I). \\'. Follweiler Oscar Blank M. E. Hornbeck E. L. Reichard Cornelius liarthohjmew Henry liiegel Ralph Sowden A. J. Becker AV illiam Schlough Orlando Fegely Elmer Bruch S C. D, Fogel Charles Apple \\'illiam Jirader Henry Helfrich William Hartzell Albert Bjttner William Hassler Charles Meyer Joseph Blanck Thomas Coojjcr Mahlon Hill Alfred Barrall

J. A. FetheroU Til'duuan Koons Robert Blaksley 87

( '. T. Fox NN'illiam A. Kiegel David William Jacob Feisel Albert Sovereen John Williams Gfiliard Flick Oscar Schaeffer Mitchell Walter Robert Frcv Edward >Sell Henry T. Wickcii Harry Feller William rfchautz Martin Yost Ambrose Gery Augustus Soper Norton Yeagei NVilliaiii Garvin Charles Schaeller Alfred Yost Frank Gnris Peter Steltz Nathan Ziegentu*! K. A. Gearhart Daniel Shade Roderick Albright Kdwaril Grewer Harvey Snyder M. J. IJackenstoe Nathaniel Guth Charles Seler E. M, Binganian

William Hacker W. O. Smith John S. Behm C L. Jolinstonbaugb Harry Snyder John N. lianer Edwin Kirkpatrick George Seiberling Jaoob T. Rutz Alvin Kern John Siggins Henry Carmichael

John Kress ly Samuel Swavely Leo F. Elriion Bertram Klotz Peter Bleiler Howard Fehr Eugene Kistler Morris F. Cawley Robert Fly Nelson Kistler Anna C. Clarke Irvin Huebner Edgar Klotz Charles Dare James L. Hoiiibock Isaac I. Kalbacli Henry Dunnell George Hubbell Morgan Kern William Estce William Hertz Frank Kessler Ploraoe Erb Henry Keim Jesse Kistler William Eschbaeh Allan Kisuer John A. Laros Etlwin Eshleman Palmer Kress F. ^l. LaulKLch John Egge (Jeorge Kranss ]•]. J. Longshore Roger Hemt l-,eRoy Lechner

I lenry Leh John A. Hell'rich George Lazarus James Lowright A. n. Howard II. A. Litzenberger John Lehr William Ilertzog Wallace Lowright Andrew Liel) George Haa.s E. S. Mantz William Lanw Henry Herbst R. C. Petert? Walter Levan Irvin F. HuH" Franklin Schcirer

( 'harles A. Moyer Franklin J. Hollx^n Robert Strasj^er .Miles MacLaggart Emanuel Howerter H. T. Wickert I ioward Mickley A- Eugene Heindjach E>UNEN'r DIVINES flasoii Moore Mattie M. Hassler John Mack John Trumbauer Joseph 11. Dubl).s R* Thonjas Xagle Dallas Trumbauer N. S. Stras.sburger R* Nathaniel Peter A. H. Trumbauer A. J. G. l)ub])s K- James IVlies Poter Wickert William H. Hellrich U/> ^Velcome Powell Jo.^^'ph Wei lor Eli Keller R

Henry Riegel Samuel ^\'^eam !•:. J. Fogel K

lohn A Roth Charles Weida A. Iv. l>urtli(domc\v R 88

J. H. Diibbs R J. F. Jacoby C. H. Rhoads ^Y. H. Ricliards L* Rebecca Siglcy Solomon F. Rupp Joshua Yeafi^er L* P^dwin H. Breder Henry F. Rupp S. K. Brobet I.* Charlotte Bear H. F. Rosenberger

J. Schiudel L^^ Cecelia Wondyrly H. S. Schell W. H. Rath L^^ F. S. Hartzell Sarah J. Mclntyre T. L. Seip L Owen K. Wilt M. Lizzie Stoltz J. D. Schindel L Wm. T. Morris Margaret Sykes S. A. Repass L Willianj H. Albright Wm. S. Erney J. A. Singmaster L Joel P. Cieigei E. A. Nunnemacher Wm. Wackernagel L Theodore Smith LA. Conrad

C. J. (. ooper L Edward Herraany A. R. Ritter

J. Wood P* Wm. R. Henninger O. J. Heilman W. H. Heil U. E. Edwin Heilman Mary M. Craig U K. Fehr E George M. Kuukel Hannah Davis J- C. Blieui E E. A. Troxell J. J. Hauser A. R. Home L E. J. Young George Kilpatrick J. A. Little P F. B. Heller Henry D. Andreas M. C. Peters R Mrs. C. H. Stoneback P. J. Lantz Deceased. R. Reform- M. N. Bern hard Anna Goth ed, L. Lutheran, P. Pres- Lewis P. Heoker F. A. McCaflbrty byterian, U. E. United Evangelical, E. Evaugel- B. F. Abcott M. V. McCallerty cal Association. L. B. Landis James F. Guth TEACHERS. R. H. Kramm P. B. Nuss Teachers that were granted Permanent Certicates Ella T. Gabriel Maggie Roberts from 1868 to 1901. Annie F. Schwartz Chester A. Frantz R. K. Buehrle Lewis^H, Jacoby N. N. Benfield R. Clay Haiiiiuersley A. N. Ulrich E. R. Hottle F. W. Siegfried Peter A. Lantz Carrie Koons

F. G. Bernd Frank J. Stettler Clinton N. Bauiier J. O. KnauBs Clara A. Unger W. H. Nunnen maker G. \V. Hriuker Miss E. J. Young W. B. Neumoyer E. D. Rhoads Wm. H. Knauss W. O. Lichtenwalner Anna M, Smith J. Winter Rogers S. K. Wetzel Kate M. Sniitl) Miss L. J. Busse O. P. Leh George P. Bates M. R. Schafter Samuel Kern

Miss E. J. Haines J: H. Muschlitz INI au rice Schmale MisH A. E. Rei chard T. F. Frederick H. W. Stephen William K. Dorr Alvin Rupp A. G. Rotnig Henry G. Paff F. D. Raeb Annie Haas

Samuel C. Lee M. F. Cawley A J. Ilerber

B. C. Snyder P. B. Oswald R. I). Wotring U. A. Little Laura E. Busse Kate Lees A. F. K. Krout J. George Kersehner Amanda Funk 1

.1). W. Benedict IJeorgf llaa.- H. J. Schaller Miss Sarah MoHenry Wm. Heilnian S. F. (iehringer

il. MeMonagle S. K. Heihnan ( reorpo Ross J. \V. Gernert Alice Kern Mi>s Alice E. Ayre*-

\V. E. HoHhiao Elmer Kistler 1. JI. liartholoiucw Aunie Conaghan Tillie Mann Rol)ert Norgaug C S. Runkel Jane Keieliard Minnie Blank lleui V Kistler John Ritter Mary Diebert •Carrie Wotrintr Mary Roth Hattie Dreif'oos Liz/ie Overtielil Orville Ritter Gertrude Keiper Annie Kistler Lewis Snyder Lutie Smith W. G. Gehman Lillie Warmkessel E.Jane Sykcs Jennie Wieder Mary Weaver Joseph Brunncr A. L. Chrietniau Emma Weidti S. C. Schmoyer Wilson Rex- Margaret Home Charlet^ Ott Frank Beary Mamie Diehl W. A. Henry Belle Fnltou Aaron Greenwald Elsie Bittner Alunzu Hittle Blanche Hallman Elsie Engle 8a Hie Heck rote Latira Mull Sallie Hartman

POPULATION OF PENNSYLVANIA FROM 1790 TO J90o

1790, 134,:J7:5; lS00,602,o(>5; 18-10, S10,U!»1; 1820, 1,017,507; iSoO, l.;54S,283;

IS JO, 1.724,033; 1850, 2,31 1,78(5; ISOO. 2,90<)2ir); I.S70, 3,521, i)r)l; ISSO, 4,282,S2 IS'JO, 5,25S,014; 1900, 0,302.415.

POPULATION OF LEHIGH COUNTY FROM J820 TO 1900. 1820, 18,895; 1830, 22,25<), an increase (»1'3,3<)1, increase per cent of 17 7

IS 10, 25,787, an incraase of 3,531, increase percent of J l.->; ISoO, 32,479, an increase of

increase per cent of 34.7; 1870, 5(),79(», an increase of 13,043, increase per ct.of 29.8;

ISSO, ()5, 969, an increase of 9,173, increase per cent of Ki.l; 1S90, 76,031, an increase of 10,662, increase per cent of 16.1; 1900, 93,893, an increase of 17,162, in-

crease [)er cent of 22.5. QO

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— lO >-' y- to '-' -1 CC 03 CD o ^1 y. -- to >-' cr 4- ;;i 4- lO Ci O O c O O '-i.' -1 :;< i>s 14 'r. -~^ y- :: V- »o - o

10 G > H 1—1O 2: 92

•-J^ 93

VALUATION OF LEHIGH COUNTY FOR IQUl

Alloiitowii, lo.Kll'; I\t';)l ."u Tiixaljlcv, estate Viilii:itii>ii. ;;i | ; (0111113' ^••^

?"_'(». se.^snieiit, :)S)4 L'Ki; County t:ix, S4r),;;(>7. 1 I; Statct Lax, .<^1S,77,S.<» I; Money on iiiu>ri,. ('ataPU(|iiii. Taxahlcv, 1,L'(;(;; lieal (*tat(' valuation, ^IJir*. ITi, .^;>,Sl»(i.(»(); 7 C'duiity asscc^.ir); County tax, Htato lax, 81,1X11. 1 I;

Coopor.-lnirt^, Taxal)les, L'L'L*; Heal astatc valuatioti, .^2(1(1, ;{10; Coimtv assi-r^mi iit Sl'.ss;;<)(l; Comity tax, *(););{!L*r); State tax, 8!>Hi).44. Coplay, Taxables, <)17; K< al, et^tatc valuation. -^7)01 .4*.i.'), ('ounty assessment, .^r)!;;,!)."}."); County tJix, 81,1'.* l.

Stato tax, §1 i."5.L".>. Krnaus, Taxahlet^, aol); Real estate valuation, .? I.">.'5,7 I"); Conn ty assessment, 817.s,.s;>o; County tax, .?I,().")2 KJ); State tax, -S<»()2,ll. Fountain Mill Taxal)les, o71: Real estate valuation, §700.7)25; County asse-sment, ttr)7(),r).')0; Coun ty tax. 8l.2(iS..'](); State tax, Sr)92,2(» Macunyie, Taxables. IV.il; Real estate valuation, $271,<;()1; County a5;-^ssment, S287.2S1; County tax, S6.'>2.01: State tax, .$57.') Slatington, Taxahlot!, 1,.'> 17); Real estate valuation, l,070,2r)(>; County a.e.^cssment, 81.1 7S,iM)7); County tax, $2,7il);i.71l; State tax, 87ili). West Bellilelieni, Taxahies. L")'.)"); Real estate valuation, $1,;)2() ()().">; Coi'.ntv asses.sment, ?J,oOMt2X: (Jountv Tax, .?3,01>l).f;:;; State Tax..S773.41).

Hanover, Taxahles, 1,'>70: Real estate valuation. SI , 17.'!.7lt^; Count v asscs.s- ment, #1 7)27), (ilS; County tax, ^;),;?.")(;.;>(;; State tax, .S.l,27)7).2(). [leidelberj^. Fax- ahlei*, 4S(); Real estate valuation, §o(5i(,08S; County as^es-ment, -SHOn.CKU: C^uintv tax, .S1-"{2I).07). State tsx,S7),()i)4.32. Lower Macuii-ie, Taxables, J07(i; Real estate valuation SI ."GO.iKJG; Comity assessment, Sl,450,l0(); County tax, 6;5;r{»0.24: State tax, 87)91) 4(). Lower Milfoni. Taxables, 507; Real estate valuation, 701,7)H();Coun ty assessment, S78<),4.S0; County tax, Sl,()20.25; S.ate tax, $051.8.1. Lowhill, Tax ables, 25(5; Real estate valuation, $ol5,;>07; Connty assessment, 8.">25,Di7; County tax, S7 17.02; State tax, 8206.58. Lynn, Taxables, ()8(); Real estate valuation, SI. lol,.S()0; County assessment, SI, 177.212, County tax, 82,58i).85; Slate tax, S5,S7.(;i

North Whitehall, Taxable^, 1,1()5; Real estate "valuation, 81,250,561; Countv a.s- eessment, Sl,o35,721; County tax, S2,li;5S.,-)l); State tax, S672.1i». Salisbury, "Tax- aljles, 1789; Renl estnte valuation, S1.77().86 I; County asse-^sment, $l,8lt8,811t; C'onn ty tax, 1,177.40 dollars; State tax. 5.S2.!), 820; Real e«?tate valuation, 1,451). 755 dollars; County assessment 1,506,1)55 dollars; County tax, 2,ol 5.1)0, Stale tax, 780.07 dollars. Cpi^er Macungie. Taxables, 75() Keal eetaee valnation, 1,168,804, dollars; County assessment, 1,21().1)04, dollai-g; County tax, 2,(577.18 dollars; State tax, 4(50.41) dollars. Upper iMilford, Taxables 1012; Ju'al estate valuation, 1,505 307 dollars; County assessment. 1.08.'), 271 dollar.>; County tax, 2,383.20 dollars. State tax, 815.77 dollars. Upper Saucon, Tax- aples, 1021; Real estate valuation, 1,140.040 dollars; County a.«setsment, 1,233,775 tloUare; County tax, 2,714.31 dollars; State tax, 067,67 dollars. Washinp^ton, Tax able?, 1,041; Real estate valuation, ."^25,025 dollars; County a.«sessment, SIX). .31)6 dol lars; County tax, 1.1)72.07 dollars; State tax, 5(57.72 dollars; Wei.-^senberg, Taxa- bles, 41)2; Real estate valuation, 51)1, .535 dollars; County assespment, 007,048 dollar.s County tax, 1,.'53.5..50 dollars; Suite tax, 341),31) dolfar-s. \\ hitehall, Taxables

2,(51(5; Real e««t ate valuation, 3,.31)S,3iO dollars. County a.-jse.-ssment, 3,512,6.35 dollars; County tax, 7,72S.()2 dollars: State tax, N57.1 I dollars. Total valuation, Taxables, .31,625; Real estate, 4 1,7-35,1)1 dollars; Countv assessment, 16,233.72(5 dollars; County tax, 101,71 1.12 dollars; State tax, .3 l,7(!7.1>i; dollars; Ckaivd land, 171,1)57 acrct*; Timber laud. 18,175 acres; Co, debt none. CONTENTS

chaptp:r l

Treaties with tlic; I luliaiis . . . . . Pages 1 1

CHAPTER 11. The tirst white men ...... CHAPTER HI.

Iiiiliaii Kaid.-?. The causes whieh led to tiie same - - 'i-Ii CHAPTER IV.

- - - Tlie lirst settlers and settlements. . 10-12 CHAPTER V. War Record. French and Indian war, The llevolutionary vvar, War of 1812, Mexican war, The Civil war and The Si)anish-Ameri- can war...... 13- IP CHAPTER VI. International Improvements. Rail roads, Manufactories, etc. 20 CHAPTER VII. Education. Early Schools and Present Schools. - - 21 22 CHAPTER VIII. .Soil, Animals, Trees, etc...... 23-24 CHAPTER IX. Geograi)hy of tiie Townships. .... 2o-o7 CHAPTER X.

C(jnnty seat and 13oroujj;hs. . . . , . 38 41 CHAPTER XL

Duties of (>)unty, Tmvnshii), City and Borou;?h Otlicers. . 42-45 CHAPTER XII. Civil Lisl. Coiilainin<;- a list of the County Otticers from 1812 to

lt)01. ^6-52 CHAPTER XIIL List ofStjIdicrs of Lehigh county from l?.")! to J898. - 63-82 CHAPTER XIV.

Listof I'list ()tii(!cs, Attorneys, Pliysicians, Divines, 'I'eiicheis, Poi)ulation, etc...... s3 03

G 31 1901 ^\