DOCSLIB.ORG

Environmental Conservation Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION PLAN Salisbury Township includes extremely important natural resources, including the mostly wooded Lehigh and South Mountains. The hydrology and other natural resources of Salisbury have great impacts upon the quality and quantity of groundwater and surface waters in the region. In particular, where groundwater reaches the surface at springs and seeps, it greatly impacts creeks and rivers and feeds into wetlands and other habitats. Salisbury Township is a stopping point for a wide variety of migratory birds, and a home and breeding grounds for many other species of birds and wildlife. Salisbury Township includes the headwaters of the Saucon and Trout Creeks. The Trout Creek and many other areas drain to the Little Lehigh Creek, which is a major drinking water source for Salisbury and Allentown. Other areas in drain directly to the Lehigh River. The mountains and areas at the base of the mountains are particularly critical for recharge of the groundwater supplies. The Lehigh County Conservation District in 2011 completed a Natural Resource Inventory (NRI) for Salisbury Township. That effort provided detailed mapping and analysis of many natural resources, including water resources, water quality, birds and habitats. A full copy of that report is available on the Township’s website. Prime Agricultural Soils The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) rates soil types for their ability to support crop farming. Soils most conducive to producing food and sustaining high crop yields are given the designation of “prime” and are rich in nutrients, well drained and permeable, as well as resistant to erosion. Prime agricultural soils typically have gently rolling to flat topography. The USDA further assigns a soil rating, from Class I through Class VII, to estimate the average productivity of different soil types for crops. Most of the prime agricultural soils in Salisbury Township have been developed or approved for development. The main remaining areas are lands along Cedar Crest Boulevard that are owned by the Lehigh Valley Health Network and several areas in eastern Salisbury, including an area of land along Cardinal Drive and areas off of Seidersville Road. There also are scattered areas of agricultural use and undeveloped prime soils in eastern Salisbury. Most of the prime agricultural soils in Salisbury are in the Linden, Duffield, and Washington soil series. The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code authorizes municipalities to use zoning to “preserve prime agriculture and farmland considering topography, soil type and classification and present use.” The Wildlands Conservancy reports that approximately 160 acres of land in Salisbury was farmed, as of 2009. Most of the soils in this category in Salisbury Township are in the Linden, Duffield, and Washington soil series. Salisbury Township Comprehensive Plan 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION PLAN State regulations allow for the creation of Agricultural Security Areas (ASA). ASAs serve several purposes, including: 1) to provide legal protection for farmers from nuisance complaints and ordinance enforcement that may arise from normal farming practices, 2) to make property-owners eligible, if they wish, to apply to have the County purchase the development rights to permanently preserve their land, and 3) to make government condemnation of land much more difficult. To establish an ASA, property-owners would first voluntarily sign a form requesting that there land be included in an ASA. The Township would then need to follow a series of procedural steps to establish the ASA, including forming an Advisory Committee and a vote by the Board of Commissioners. The State Department of Agriculture publishes an “Agricultural Security Areas Handbook” that lists all of the procedures and requirements for establishing an ASA. One entire section of that Handbook addresses how to establish an ASA that includes two municipalities. An ASA needs to include a minimum of 250 acres, with each parcel including at least ten acres. The lands do not need to be contiguous. Salisbury Township would probably need to participate in a joint ASA with an adjacent township to meet this requirement. Many landowners have difficulty earning a full-time living from farming. Consideration should be given to offering additional flexibility in zoning regulations for parcels that are farmed and include more ten acres. The goal is to allow opportunities for a landowner to general additional income to make it easier to keep the land mostly undeveloped. The intent is to allow a wider variety of small business uses and a greater intensity than is now allowed as a home occupation, but with proper controls to avoid conflicts with neighboring homes. Geology Much of the history of Salisbury Township is defined by its underlying rock formations. For centuries prior to European settlement, jasper was mined and even exported by Native Americans. This activity helped contribute to the health and vitality of the local Lenni Lenape tribe. Iron ore, limonite and magnetite were later quarried throughout the Township and contributed to the Industrial Revolution. Sandstone taken from the north slopes of South Mountain was used in buildings of Lehigh University, Moravian College, Bethlehem and Allentown. 4.2 Salisbury Township Comprehensive Plan City of Bethlehem Salisbury Township r ive Comprehensive Plan R South gh hi e Whitehall L Township MAP 4.1 Source Water . Summer Ave . n aple Ave io M Protection Areas t tu ti Drive s n o C CaS rd W W inal D u r. i m e s i t l m a S r i . t Fountain e t PublicWater Authorities v S ia A . Virgin S t . t . Hill W e il S Borough t. Lehigh County Water Sei Authority Zone III ders ville City of Allentown t. hanna S E. Susque Rd. Lehigh Ave. Emmaus Borough Public S C S . h . H P . u y RGd r a ur Water Authority Zone III o isb al P c l S a t h s o a s R t d e m x k . a f i l a o l d r . c A n d r L S v e . S d od St Al o R e nnw t . Ly . t E . d S . C . Lower City of Allentown - Zone A y y St. e D er v . p . Montgom A d r E s d R a u oo e a enw u Saucon Gre s m p k m s ee h r E H . C A C E i t o n u h Township v ro n T u e S e r . t y c r . S e su h iv . c R k R 2 le k d c 4 la . t B h South Gr . S y ee Dr t River Rd. n s . a Black . Acre w e rk Whitehall v a A P r h e g Township x i e h l e R F L d . ve. Lindberg A . Rd Lincoln Ave. Rock st Ea d. tchery R Fish Ha n. Rd. L d. od R o ire rw h a ns ri o 3 B ev 3 k D rd c S o t. R e v . t A S s u t K h s Lower a e g e i W m y h s E e December 2011 Macungie t . o L n e W Township R d . Base Information Provided By: k Rd. ee Club r ountry C C h ig eh L Lehigh Valley Planning Commission. le tt Upper Saucon Township Li Rd 0 3,250 6,500 l . il Emmaus Borough H Feet O t u a n k t h s i e ll h R C d . Urban Research & Development Corporation 28 West Broad Street Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18018 610-865-0701 Upper Milford Township City of Bethlehem Salisbury Township ver Ri Comprehensive Plan h South ig h e Whitehall L Township MAP 4.2 Ave. Hydrology Summer e. n Maple Av io ut tit Drive s n o C CaS r W W dinal u Dr. i m e s i t l m a S r i . t Fountain e t S Av ia . Virgin S t . t . Hill Streams W e il S Borough Cold Water Fishery t. Se High-Quality - Cold Water Fishery iders ville City of Allentown t. ehanna S E. Susqu Rd. Tributaries* Lehigh Ave. S C S . h . H P u Rd. r a ury o b alisP c l S s t h o a R t d e m x Watersheds a f . a o d r . c n L d r S e . S d d St Al o R Lehigh River nwo t n t . Ly . E . d S . C . y y St. e Lower D er v . p . Montgom A Little Lehigh Creek d r E s d R a oo e u enw u a Gre s m Saucon p k s m ee E H h r . C A C E i Saucon Creek t o n u h v ro n Township T u e S e r . t y c r . S s e u h iv . c R k R 2 le k d c 4 a . l t B h South Gr . S y ee Dr t River Rd. n s . a Black . Acre w e rk 100-Year Floodplain Whitehall v a A P r h e g Township x i e h 500-Year Floodplain l e R F L d . Wetlands Seeps & Springs* ve. Lindberg A . Rd Lincoln Ave. Rock st Ea d. chery R Fish Hat * Note: Mapping was provided by the . d. Ln . R d d o R Lehigh County Conservation District o ire rw h a ns ri o 3 B v 3 De rd ck S o t.
Recommended publications
  • A History of Lehigh County

    A History of Lehigh County

    \B7 L5H3 Class _^^ ^ 7 2- CoKiightN". ^A^ COFmiGHT DEPOSIT 1/ I \ HISTORY OF < Lehigh . County . Pennsylvania From The Earliest Settlements to The Present Time including much valuable information FOR THE USE OF THE ScDoolSt Families ana Cibrarics, BY James J. Hauser. "A! Emaus, Pknna., TIMES PURIJSHING CO. 1 901, b^V THF LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Two Copies Recfived AUG. 31 1901 COPYBIOHT ENTRV ^LASS<^M<Xa No. COPY A/ Entered according to Die Act of Congress, in the year 1901, By JAMES J. HAUSER, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. All rights reserved. OMISSIONS AND ERRORS. /)n page 20, the Lehigh Valley R. R. omitted. rag6[29, Swamp not Swoiup. Page 28, Milford not Milfod. Page ol, Popnlatioii not Populatirn. Page 39, the Daily Leader of Ailentown, omitted. Page 88, Rev. .Solomon Neitz's E. name omitted. Page i)2,The second column of area of square miles should begin with Hanover township and not with Heidelberg. ^ INTRODUCTION i It is both interesting and instructive to study the history of our fathers, to ^ fully understand through what difficulties, obstacles, toils and trials they went to plant settlements wliich struggled up to a position of wealth and prosperity. y These accounts of our county have been written so as to bring before every youth and citizen of our county, on account of the growth of the population, its resources, the up building of the institution that give character and stability to the county. It has been made as concise as possible and everything which was thought to be of any value to the youth and citizen, has been presented as best as it could be under the circumstances and hope that by perusing its pages, many facts of interest can be gathered that will be of use in future years.
  • Little Lehigh Creek Visual Assessment WHITEHALL TOWNSHIP ALLENTOWN CITY

    Little Lehigh Creek Visual Assessment WHITEHALL TOWNSHIP ALLENTOWN CITY

    Coldwater Heritage Partnership LITTLE LEHIGH CREEK COLDWATER CONSERVATION PLAN October 2007 Acknowledgements This project was not possible without the support of the partners listed below. The Lehigh County Conservation District (LCCD) was critical in the development of the Con- servation Plan. The Watershed Specialist Rebecca Kennedy and Conservation Program Spe- cialist Erin Frederick took on significant roles beyond expectations to ensure success. They were involved in all aspects including developing the protocol for the visual stream assess- ment, surveying dozens of reaches, and designing a GIS format to better interpret the data col- lected. LCCD invested enormous amounts of resources and GIS expertise that allowed the partners to develop a Conservation Plan more comprehensive than thought possible. In addition, dedicated members of the Little Lehigh Trout Unlimited and Saucon Creek Water- shed Association volunteered numerous hours walking the main stem of the Little Lehigh Creek to assess the state of the waterway. Two members of the Saucon Creek Watershed Association deserve special recognition. These volunteers surveyed the greatest number of reaches and their dedication was greatly appreci- ated. Terry Boos Ray Follador We would like to also thank the hard work of the following volunteers that spent time assessing the creek. Bob Ditmars Greg Gliwa Allan Johnson Stacy Reed Jeff Sabo Burt Schaffer Mario Spagnoletti Powen Wang This plan was made possible through a grant from the Coldwater Heritage Partnership. The Partnership is a collabo- rative effort between the PA Fish & Boat Commission, PA De- partment of Conservation and Natural Resources, Western Penn- sylvania Watershed Protection Program and Pennsylvania Trout.
  • Natural Resources Plan

    Natural Resources Plan

    NATURAL RESOURCES PLAN This plan begins with an evaluation of important boroughs grew along the banks of the Lehigh or natural resources in the Lehigh Valley and what Delaware rivers. The Lehigh and Delaware Naviga- should be done to protect them. Before a plan for tion Canals owed their existence to these rivers. development is proposed it is first necessary to de- Many streams served as the sites for early mills termine what needs to be preserved. Voters have that were dependent on a supply of running water. spoken very clearly on the subject in public opinion Most major industries also were located along the surveys conducted over the past 30 years. They banks of rivers or streams. want to preserve important natural resources. Visually, rivers and streams provide some of Map 2 shows surface terrain features and streams the most scenic settings in the region. The top in the 730 square mile Lehigh Valley area. The Le- example of this is the Delaware River Scenic high River flows through Lehigh Gap at the north- Drive that follows Route 611. The multitude of ern boundary of Lehigh and Northampton counties recreation activities associated with waterways southbound to Allentown where it makes an abrupt is high on the list of important regional assets. turn eastward. From Allentown the Lehigh flows The Lehigh and Delaware are large enough to eastward to its confluence with the Delaware River provide boating opportunities, including some at Easton. Major tributary streams flowing into fine canoeing and good fishing. The Forks of the the Lehigh River are Jordan Creek, Little Lehigh Delaware Shad Fishing Tournament and Festival, Creek, Hokendauqua Creek, Monocacy Creek and held in late April each year in Easton, is a locally Saucon Creek.
  • Phase II Little Lehigh Corridor

    Phase II Little Lehigh Corridor

    DRAFT May, 2014 Acknowledgements City of Allentown Michael Hefele – Director, Planning and Zoning Alan Salinger – Chief Planner John Mikowychok – Director of Parks and Recreation Richard Young – Director of Public Works Sara Hailstone – Director of Community and Economic Development Bernadette Debias – Allentown Business Development Manager Allentown Economic Development Corporation Scott Unger – Executive Director Anthony Durante – Economic Development Specialist Project Team Camoin Associates Bergmann Associates Innovation Policyworks Thomas P. Miller Associates Funding for this project has been provided by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Sustainable Housing and Communities, through the Lehigh Valley Economic Development Corporation. CONTENTS Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. i Context ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Strategic Location ...................................................................................................................................... 1 History ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Reindustrialization Strategy Phases ............................................................................................................
  • Lehigh Valley Hazard Mitigation Plan

    Lehigh Valley Hazard Mitigation Plan

    RADONPANDEMIC EXPOSURELANDSLIDE AND INFECTIOUS FLOODDROUGHT FLASH FLOODFLASHDROUGHT FLOODTERRORISMLEVEEENVIRONMENTAL FAILUREDAM FAILURE HAZARDSDAM FAILUREWINTERWILDFIRE STORM INVASIVE SPECIES PANDEMIC AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE SUBSIDENCE/SINKHOLEEARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE WINDSTORM/TORNADOLIGHTNING TRANSPORTATION CRASH ICE JAM DRUG OVERDOSE CRISISDRUG OVERDOSE CRISIS NUCLEAR INCIDENT WINTER STORM CIVIL DISTURBANCE/MASS SUBSIDENCE LANDSLIDE ICE JAM HAILSTORM EXTREME TEMPERATUREEXTREME WEATHERFIRE AND EXPLOSIONS LIGHTNING STRIKES LEHIGH VALLEYCIVIL HAILSTORM WILDFIRE INVA STRUCTURAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN WIN HAIL HAIL LIGHT LIGHT TERROR EXTREME EXTREME NUCLEAR IUTILITY INTER ICE JAM ICE JAM ENVIRONMENTAL LANDSLIDE SUBSIDENCE/SINK LANDSLIDE SUBSIDENCE CIV FIRE AND EXPLOSION EARTHQUAKE WINDSTORM/TORNADOEARTHQUAKE WINDSTORM LEVEE FAILURE FLASH FLOOD FLASH FLOOD STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE DROUGHT INVASIVEPANDEMIC SPECIESRADON ANDWILDFIRE EXPOSURE INFECTIOUSDROUGHT DISEASE FLOODINVASIVEPANDEMIC SPECIESRADON ANDWILDFIRE EXPOSURE INFECTIOUSWINTER STORM DISEASE TRANSPORTATION CRASHFLOOD The Lehigh Valley Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan update has been financed through the Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Program, under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Assistance and Emergency Relief Act. This program funds governments and communities for hazard mitigation planning prior to a disaster event. Funding these plans and projects reduces overall risks to the population and structures, while also reducing reliance on funding from actual disaster declarations.
  • January 1986 Vol

    January 1986 Vol

    rr Pennsylvania !tao'im/80t 'NGI The Keystone State's Official Fishing Magazine w -*-**< Straight TalK and Wildlife Service and the National control, fish pathology, and fish Marine Fisheries Service, a Great culture are being utilized in the Lakes Caucus of state directors listed Strategic Management Plan. A good and reviewed 40 major areas of look at the predator/forage STRATEGIC GREAT concern relating to management of communities in Lake Erie is very high LAKES FISHERIES the Great Lakes fishery. on our agenda, as well as possibilities In the process of identifying the of use of common advisories of MANAGEMENT PLAN critical issues and strategies that contaminant levels in fish flesh. pertain to the Great Lakes fisheries We have seen considerable give and In June 1981, 12 state, provincial, and for the rest of the 1980s, that caucus take over the years relative to Lake federal agencies signed a Joint determined that the previously Erie, and these things do drag on; but Strategic Plan for the management of adopted Strategic Great Lakes that is unavoidable. Our own staff is the Great Lakes fisheries. This was the Fisheries Management Plan deeply committed to working on result of three years of hard work by (SGLFMP) was still relevant, but that lakewide management plans with fish steering committees, a Committee of a review of the progress achieved in community objectives, and these, of the Whole, working groups, and the the plan's implementation was much course, will have to be general, Great Lakes Fishery Commission. needed. The caucus concluded that flexible, and dynamic.
  • Class a Wild Trout Waters Created: August 16, 2021 Definition of Class

    Class a Wild Trout Waters Created: August 16, 2021 Definition of Class

    Class A Wild Trout Waters Created: August 16, 2021 Definition of Class A Waters: Streams that support a population of naturally produced trout of sufficient size and abundance to support a long-term and rewarding sport fishery. Management: Natural reproduction, wild populations with no stocking. Definition of Ownership: Percent Public Ownership: the percent of stream section that is within publicly owned land is listed in this column, publicly owned land consists of state game lands, state forest, state parks, etc. Important Note to Anglers: Many waters in Pennsylvania are on private property, the listing or mapping of waters by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission DOES NOT guarantee public access. Always obtain permission to fish on private property. Percent Lower Limit Lower Limit Length Public County Water Section Fishery Section Limits Latitude Longitude (miles) Ownership Adams Carbaugh Run 1 Brook Headwaters to Carbaugh Reservoir pool 39.871810 -77.451700 1.50 100 Adams East Branch Antietam Creek 1 Brook Headwaters to Waynesboro Reservoir inlet 39.818420 -77.456300 2.40 100 Adams-Franklin Hayes Run 1 Brook Headwaters to Mouth 39.815808 -77.458243 2.18 31 Bedford Bear Run 1 Brook Headwaters to Mouth 40.207730 -78.317500 0.77 100 Bedford Ott Town Run 1 Brown Headwaters to Mouth 39.978611 -78.440833 0.60 0 Bedford Potter Creek 2 Brown T 609 bridge to Mouth 40.189160 -78.375700 3.30 0 Bedford Three Springs Run 2 Brown Rt 869 bridge at New Enterprise to Mouth 40.171320 -78.377000 2.00 0 Bedford UNT To Shobers Run (RM 6.50) 2 Brown
  • Travels in Canada, and the United States, in 1816 and 1817 / by Lieut

    Travels in Canada, and the United States, in 1816 and 1817 / by Lieut

    Library of Congress Travels in Canada, and the United States, in 1816 and 1817 / by Lieut. Francis Hall. TRAVELS IN CANADA, AND THE UNITED STATES, IN 1816 AND 1817. BY LIEUT. FRANCIS HALL, 14TH LIGHT DRAGOONS, H. P. LONDON PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, & BROW, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1818. LC E 165 H19 TO WILLIAM BATTIE WRIGHTSON, WILLIAM EMPSON, AND ROBERT MONSEY ROLFE, BROTHER WYKEHAMISTS, THESE TRAVELS ARE DEDICATED, BY THEIR OLD SCHOOL-FELLOW AND AFFECTIONATE FRIEND, FRANCIS HALL. TRAVELS IN CANADA, &c. &c. CHAPTER I. VOYAGE. January, 1816. I sailed from Liverpool on the 20th of January, after having been detained several weeks by a continuance of west winds, which usually prevail through the greater part of the winter. Indeed, they have become so prevalent of late years, as to approach very nearly to the nature of a trade wind. They forced us to lie to twelve, out of the forty-four days we spent on our passage. Our vessel was an American, excellently built and commanded. The American Captains are supposed, with B 2 some reason, to make quicker voyages Travels in Canada, and the United States, in 1816 and 1817 / by Lieut. Francis Hall. http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.26822 Library of Congress than the English, with whom celerity was, during the war, a less essential object. They pride themselves on the speed of their ships, as sportsmen do on that of their horses. Our Minerva was one of the first class of these “Horses of the Main.” They prefer standing across the Atlantic in the direct line of their port, to the easier but more tedious route of the trades.
  • FFY 2009 Lehigh Valley TIP Highway & Bridge

    FFY 2009 Lehigh Valley TIP Highway & Bridge

    FFY 2009 Lehigh Valley TIP Highway & Bridge Original US DOT Approval Date: 10/01/2008 Current Date: 06/30/2010 Lehigh MPMS #: 74991 Municipality: Title: Seventh Street RR Upgrade Route: Section: A/Q Status: Exempt Improvement Type: RR Gates Exempt Code: Railroad/highway crossing Est. Let Date: Actual Let Date: Geographic Limits: Seventh StreetEmmaus Narrative: Upgrade circuit for gates and lights Seventh St Emmaus Lehigh County TIP Program Years ($000) Phase Fund FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 2nd 4 Years 3rd 4 Years CONSXF $220 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 CONPRIV $55 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $275 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total FY 2009-2012 Cost $275 MPMS #: 75558 Municipality: Title: LVTS Hwy Reserve 2009/10 Route: Section: A/Q Status: Exempt Improvement Type: Reconstruct Exempt Code: "Not Rgnlly Significant" - do not fit exempt ctgry Est. Let Date: Actual Let Date: Geographic Limits: Lehigh & Northampton Counties Narrative: Highway Reserve Line Item Lehigh & Northampton Counties TIP Program Years ($000) Phase Fund FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 2nd 4 Years 3rd 4 Years CONSTP $0 $1,580 $0 $0 $0 $0 CON581 $0 $55 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,635 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total FY 2009-2012 Cost $1,635 MPMS #: 75560 Municipality: Title: LVTS CMAQ 2009/10 Route: Section: A/Q Status: Exempt Improvement Type: Restoration Exempt Code: "Not Rgnlly Significant" - do not fit exempt ctgry Est. Let Date: Actual Let Date: Geographic Limits: Lehigh & Northampton Counties Narrative: LVTS Lehigh & Northampton Counties 2009/10 CMAQ Line Item TIP Program Years ($000) Phase Fund FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 2nd 4 Years 3rd 4 Years CONCAQ $0 $1,577 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,577 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total FY 2009-2012 Cost $1,577 Page 1 of 68 FFY 2009 Lehigh Valley TIP Highway & Bridge Original US DOT Approval Date: 10/01/2008 Current Date: 06/30/2010 Lehigh MPMS #: 75561 Municipality: Title: Urban Line Item 2009/10 Route: Section: A/Q Status: Exempt Improvement Type: Restoration Exempt Code: "Not Rgnlly Significant" - do not fit exempt ctgry Est.
  • The Most Casual Observer Crossing Lehigh County from North to South

    The Most Casual Observer Crossing Lehigh County from North to South

    PHYSIOGRAPHY By BEKJAMIN L. I~ILLER The most casual observer crossing Lehigh County from north to south note’s differe.nces in the topographic features, whereas a person traversin,g the county in a west-east direction notes few changes. It is the function of the geologist (geomorphologist) to differentiate, classify, name and explain these resemblances and differences. Numer- ous investigators have studied these forms in Lehigh C.ounty or in other parts ‘of the Appalachians. Because of the wide extent ‘of each physiographic type represented in the region, studies made in some- what .distant sections are pertinent to this discussion. There is general agreement regarding the m,ain features but not in the minor divisions and in the nomenclature. The classification of Fenneman,* adopted by the U. S. Geological Survey, is mainly fol- lowed in &is report. According to this usage, Lehigh Crounty constitutes a small portion -_ of the Appalachian Highlands which extends from Canada to central Alab’ama and from the Coastal Plain on the east to the Interior Plains on the west. This is divided into provinces and these in turn into secti,ons. Lehigh County contains portions of the following divisions : ‘W/AN PC A TEA PROW/NC,5 PKDNONT PEW Figure 4. Physiographie subdivisions of Pennsylvania. * Fenneman, N. M., Annals Assoc. of Amer. Geographers, vol. 18, pp. 262-353, 192s. 106 PHYSIOGRAPBY 107 Physiograpbic divisioas of the Appalachiun Highlands represented in. Lehigh County Province Bection Distribution Piedmont Triassic Lowlands ?oorly represented in non-char- Lowlands bcteristic form in southeastern Jortion ‘of Lower Milford and >pper S,aucon Townships.
  • Lehigh County Has Yielded a Fairly Large Variety of Minerals, Some

    Lehigh County Has Yielded a Fairly Large Variety of Minerals, Some

    Census of Lehigh Cow@ farms Item 1940 1939 Number of farms ............................. 2,074 2,325 Full owners ...... \ .......................... 1,488 1,731 Part owners ............................... 192 74 Managers ................................. 31 74 All tenants ............................... 363 446 Value of farms (land and buildings) .......... .$13,709,179 $21,81)6,2’91 All land in farms, acres ....................... 152,385 160’,314 Aver,age acre,age per farm ..................... 73.5 69.0 Horses and colts .............................. 3,381 5,O,l6 Cattle ........................................ 9,823 lo,,611 Hogs and pigs ................................. 9,522 12,841 Corn for ,a11 purposes, acres .................... 18,616 18,315 Corn for grain, acres ......................... 17,640’ 17,480 bushels ....................... 543,785 60’7,238 Wheat threshed, acres ........................ 20,128 25,542 bushels ...................... 400’,112 464,416 Oats threshed, acres .......................... 11,031 U&133 bushels ........................ 262,398 271,853 Oats cut ,and fed unthreshed, .acres ............. 419 439 Barley threshed, acres ........................ 2,530 1,276 bushels ...................... 77,531 23,869 Rye threshed, ,acres ........................... 974 2,706 bushels ......................... 13,741 42,635 Mixed grains threshed, ,acres .................. 190 189 bushels ............... 4,673 5@9 Irish potatoes, acres .......................... 12,626 13,560, bushels ........................ 1,483,067 1,681,211 All hay, and sorgums for forage, acres ....... 25,654 24,729 tons ........ 26,0~0’6 331650 MINERALOGY By BENJAI~IN L. MILLER Lehigh County has yielded a fairly large variety of minerals, some- what less than some of the counties of the southeastern portion of the State, but far more than the northern, central and western counties. The variety is due largely to the different types of rock present in the county.
  • There Is General Interest in the Derivation of Place Names, Fainly

    There Is General Interest in the Derivation of Place Names, Fainly

    TOPONYMY By BENJAMI~V L. MILLER There is general interest in the derivation of place names, Fainly because of the historic significance, but also on account of an Innate curiosity that is almost universal. In many instances the reasons for the designation are obvious, as for example, the naming of a town “ Uountainville” when it is lo)cated at the foot or on the top of a mountain ; calling a stream “Rock Creek” when its channel or valley is conspicuously rocky ; or naminv a stream with numerous meanders ‘ ‘ Crooked Creek. ” In other case; the reasons are not apparent and are not known even to the inhabitants of the region. It 1s alsl? not unusual to find conflicting explanations. When this occurs, the dlffer- ent origins are given. It is probable that some of the interpretations offered here will be challenged. It is hoped that any disagreements of this sort will be made available to th,e writer and others interested in this subject. In such an area as Lehigh C’ounty, with a recorded history of less than 240 years, it is usual157 , but not always, possible to discover why the place names have been assigned. In other parts of the world, toponymic investigators encounter almost insuperable difficulties. The data for this chapter have been collected during an investiga- tion of the maps and descriptive materials dealing with this area; individuals familiar with some phases of the study have also eon- tributed. Both published and manuscript documents have been con- sulted, local histories, travel books, newspapers, etc. The more lm- portant of these are included in the Bibliography and Cartography which constitute another chapter in this volume and, m general, to not require specific mention here.