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Little Lehigh Creek Visual Assessment WHITEHALL TOWNSHIP ALLENTOWN CITY

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Little Lehigh Creek Visual Assessment WHITEHALL TOWNSHIP ALLENTOWN CITY Coldwater Heritage Partnership LITTLE LEHIGH CREEK COLDWATER CONSERVATION PLAN October 2007 Acknowledgements This project was not possible without the support of the partners listed below. The Lehigh County Conservation District (LCCD) was critical in the development of the Con- servation Plan. The Watershed Specialist Rebecca Kennedy and Conservation Program Spe- cialist Erin Frederick took on significant roles beyond expectations to ensure success. They were involved in all aspects including developing the protocol for the visual stream assess- ment, surveying dozens of reaches, and designing a GIS format to better interpret the data col- lected. LCCD invested enormous amounts of resources and GIS expertise that allowed the partners to develop a Conservation Plan more comprehensive than thought possible. In addition, dedicated members of the Little Lehigh Trout Unlimited and Saucon Creek Water- shed Association volunteered numerous hours walking the main stem of the Little Lehigh Creek to assess the state of the waterway. Two members of the Saucon Creek Watershed Association deserve special recognition. These volunteers surveyed the greatest number of reaches and their dedication was greatly appreci- ated. Terry Boos Ray Follador We would like to also thank the hard work of the following volunteers that spent time assessing the creek. Bob Ditmars Greg Gliwa Allan Johnson Stacy Reed Jeff Sabo Burt Schaffer Mario Spagnoletti Powen Wang This plan was made possible through a grant from the Coldwater Heritage Partnership. The Partnership is a collabo- rative effort between the PA Fish & Boat Commission, PA De- partment of Conservation and Natural Resources, Western Penn- sylvania Watershed Protection Program and Pennsylvania Trout. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary …………………………………………………………...… 4 Introduction & Background …………………………………………………….. 5 Watershed Area …………………………………………………………………. 5 Land Use & Soils ……………………………………………………………….. 5 Stream Use & State of the Streams ……………………………………………… 6 Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission Classification .………………………… 7 United States Geological Survey Gaging Station …………….…………………. 8 Summary of Previous Reports …………………………………………………... 8 Unique & Outstanding Values in the Watershed ………………………………… 11 Water Quality Data Previously Collected ………………………………………. 12 2006-2007 Visual Assessment of Main Stem & Photo-documentation ………… 13 A. Protocol ……………………………………………………………….. 13 B. Stream Visual Assessment Data Collection …………………………... 14 C. Data 1. Channel Condition ……………………………………………… 15 2. Riparian Zone …………………………………………………… 16 3. Bank Stability …………………………………………………… 17 4. Nutrient Enrichment …………………………………………….. 18 5. Barriers to Fish Movement ……………………………………… 19 6. Instream Fish Cover …………………………………………….. 20 7. Insect/Invertebrate Habitat ……………………………………… 21 8. Canopy Cover …………………………………………………… 22 9. Manure Present …………………………………………………. 23 10. Riffle Embeddedness ………………………………………….. 23 11. Macroinvertebrates Observed …………………………………. 24 Analysis of Parameters ………………………………………………………….. 24 Overall Assessment Score Map …………………………………………………. 25 Results Summary ………………………………………………………………… 26 Watershed Analysis: Areas of Concern ………………………………………….. 27 Watershed Success ………………………………………………………………. 28 Summary of Recommendations …………………………………………………. 28 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………. 31 References & Resources …………………………………………………………. 32 Appendix …………………………………………………………………………. 34 Little Lehigh Creek Watershed Map Table E. Little Lehigh Water Quality Indicators (Main Stem) Table F. Little Lehigh Water Quality Indicators (Tributaries) Table G. Fish Surveys Conducted on the Little Lehigh Creek Main Stem Visual Assessment Data Form Letter to Streamside Landowners Invitation to Public Meeting Press Release Announcing Public Meeting 3 Executive Summary To further protect the Little Lehigh Creek Watershed, stakeholders developed a Coldwater Conservation Plan made possible through a grant from the Coldwater Heritage Partnership. The plan consisted of a qualitative habitat assessment on the main stem of the Little Lehigh Creek, an analysis of the habitat as- sessment data, and a series of prioritized recommendations to protect and enhance the watershed. After attending comprehensive training sessions, staff from Wildlands Conservancy and Lehigh County Conservation District, and volunteers from Little Lehigh Trout Unlimited and Saucon Creek Watershed Association surveyed nearly 25 miles of stream. On foot or by kayak, the monitors assessed the creek us- ing a stream assessment protocol created by the United States Department of Agriculture—Natural Re- sources & Conservation Services. The monitors assessed 750-foot sections of the creek, examining a vari- ety of parameters ranging from fish habitat quality to stream bank stability. After assessing 168 sections, the scores for each reach were averaged and divided into four categories: Excellent, Good, Fair or Poor. Overall, the majority or 56% of the reaches along the Little Lehigh Creek main stem were in poor condi- tion (nearly 14 miles), according to the assessment. Sections of the creek considered in fair condition com- prised 32% (7.6 miles), while the remaining sections or 12% (3.6 miles) were in good condition. No reaches received an overall score in the excellent category. The best reaches overall are located in the headwaters near Topton and Longswamp Township, Berks County and are rated in good condition, nearing excellent, with scores around 8.8 out of 10. These reaches appear wooded with no roads, houses or farmland in view. Cobbles and boulders create riffles and bank erosion is minimal. On a scale of one to ten, the poorest reaches received scores of 2.7 or less, with the four most impaired reaches located in Lower Macungie Township. These sections of the creek contained no trees growing alongside the banks, a stream channel entrenched without the ability to connect with the floodplain, unsta- ble eroding banks three-feet high, and the original stream bottom completely buried under sediment. Visual assessment monitors found that poor stream conditions existed throughout the length of the main stem. Land development, road crossings, and farming activity alongside the stream created less than opti- mal conditions from Longswamp Township, Berks County; Lower Macungie and Salisbury Townships, Lehigh County to the City of Allentown. Many degraded stretches have inherent constraints like a road built alongside the creek, or an historic dam that prevents a reach from achieving optimal conditions. Great variability in stream conditions existed. Reaches in good condition could often be found alongside reaches in poor condition due to a bridge crossing or historic land use. Stream monitors also found that varying landowner management practices created a marked effect on the overall condition of the stream. For example, a well-managed wooded section with riffles, overhanging vegetation and plenty of fish might be upstream of a section containing lawn mowed right to the edge, revealing significant bank erosion. Analysis of this habitat assessment data, in combination with public input, created a number of recommen- dations to help correct some of the observed problems. One recommendation encourages the development of opportunities for landowners to learn techniques to restore their section of the creek. Another, assessing and strengthening municipal ordinances, may help to protect the reaches currently in good condition. Ad- ditionally, problematic areas should be targeted for enhancement and restoration projects. With community commitment, protecting and restoring the Little Lehigh Creek using a variety of approaches will be a pow- erful strategy to improve the water quality and aquatic habitat for future generations. 4 Introduction & Background To better protect the Little Lehigh Creek Watershed through a visual-based assessment, stakeholders de- veloped a Coldwater Conservation Plan made possible through a grant from the Coldwater Heritage Part- nership. Various studies of the Little Lehigh Creek watershed have been completed to date, by a number of municipalities and organizations within the watershed. Although the studies highlighted in an upcoming section include information valuable to the protection and enhancement of the Little Lehigh Creek (Summary of Previous Reports Completed) , these studies did not included a visual-based habitat assess- ment and photographic documentation of the stream corridor. The Little Lehigh Creek Coldwater Conservation Plan (Conservation Plan) provided the opportunity to im- plement a qualitative, visual-based stream habitat assessment and to develop a series of site-specific rec- ommendations designed to protect and enhance the Little Lehigh Creek and its stream corridor. As part of the process, this project allowed interested residents and watershed stakeholders to learn more information about the Little Lehigh Creek that would help them better preserve this natural resource. To develop the Conservation Plan, Wildlands Conservancy partnered with the Lehigh County Conserva- tion District and a team of trained volunteers from the Saucon Watershed Association and the Little Lehigh Trout Unlimited to perform the stream assessment. Volunteers and staff took digital photos, jotted down field notes, and filled out forms adapted from the United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Re- sources and Conservation Service protocols. A series of habitat-related parameters were evaluated and used to develop site-specific recommendations to identify
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