NATURAL RESOURCES PLAN This plan begins with an evaluation of important boroughs grew along the banks of the Lehigh or natural resources in the Lehigh Valley and what Delaware rivers. The Lehigh and Delaware Naviga- should be done to protect them. Before a plan for tion Canals owed their existence to these rivers. development is proposed it is first necessary to de- Many streams served as the sites for early mills termine what needs to be preserved. Voters have that were dependent on a supply of running water. spoken very clearly on the subject in public opinion Most major industries also were located along the surveys conducted over the past 30 years. They banks of rivers or streams. want to preserve important natural resources. Visually, rivers and streams provide some of Map 2 shows surface terrain features and streams the most scenic settings in the region. The top in the 730 square mile Lehigh Valley area. The Le- example of this is the Delaware River Scenic high River flows through Lehigh Gap at the north- Drive that follows Route 611. The multitude of ern boundary of Lehigh and Northampton counties recreation activities associated with waterways southbound to Allentown where it makes an abrupt is high on the list of important regional assets. turn eastward. From Allentown the Lehigh flows The Lehigh and Delaware are large enough to eastward to its confluence with the Delaware River provide boating opportunities, including some at Easton. Major tributary streams flowing into fine canoeing and good fishing. The Forks of the the Lehigh River are Jordan Creek, Little Lehigh Delaware Shad Fishing Tournament and Festival, Creek, Hokendauqua Creek, Monocacy Creek and held in late April each year in Easton, is a locally Saucon Creek. Bushkill Creek and Martins Creek important event that depends on the yearly shad flow directly into the Delaware. migration up the Delaware River. Some of the best trout fishing in eastern Pennsylvania can be found Blue Mountain, otherwise known as Kittatiny in the Little Lehigh Creek, Monocacy Creek and Ridge, extends southwest to the Maryland border. Bushkill Creek. The mountain forms the northern boundary of Le- high and Northampton counties. Lehigh Mountain Many of the Lehigh Valley’s best walking and biking and South Mountain are two landmark ridges on trails are located near rivers and streams. The D & the southern border of Allentown. They are parts of L Trail, a 150-mile path for hikers and bikers, ex- a section of mountains called the Reading Prong tends from Bristol Borough in lower Bucks County which extend south of Emmaus, Macungie and to Wilkes-Barre. Through much of our region the Alburtis into Berks County. The eastward exten- D & L Trail follows the towpaths of the Delaware sion of these mountains extend through southern and Lehigh Navigation Canals. From the Village of Northampton County and then northeast to Mas- Cementon north it will use the right-of-way of the sachusetts. abandoned railroad that parallels the western side of the Lehigh River. Between Blue Mountain and South Mountain is a seven mile wide limestone valley where most Municipal parkways have been developed along people in the Lehigh Valley live and work. To the rivers and streams. The most notable is the Little north of this valley is a low shale plateau with Lehigh Parkway in Allentown. This splendid, four- undulating hills, stream headwaters and a rural mile long greenway extends from the western edge environment. The variety of topographic features in of the city nearly to the Lehigh River. It contains a the Lehigh Valley creates a landscape with many variety of trails, a fish hatchery and roadway. Other natural landmarks and scenic beauty. noteworthy parks include Trexler-Lehigh County Game Preserve, Jordan Creek Parkway, Cedar Creek Parkway East and West, Monocacy Nature RIVERS AND STREAMS Center, Saucon Park, Jacobsburg Environmental Education Center, Hugh Moore Historical Park, The rivers and streams of the Lehigh Valley have and Delaware Canal State Park. A number of played an important role in its history and develop- munici-palities have developed parks adjacent to ment. The area’s three cities and some of its major the Delaware and Lehigh Navigation Canals. 11 Rivers and streams either serve, or have the po- tenance and propagation of fish species and tential to serve, as linkages between recreation flora and fauna which are native to warm water areas. The most notable linkage is the one at habitats. the Lehigh Water Gap where the Appalachian • MF (Migratory Fishes) – passage, mainte- Trail crosses the D & L Trail. Other linkages have nance and propagation of fishes which ascend been created by rail-trail projects in places such to flowing waters to complete their life cycle. as Whitehall Township, Bethlehem Township and • WWF (Warm Water Fishes) – maintenance Palmer Township. and propagation of fish species and flora and fauna that are native to warm water habitats. Critical wildlife habitats are found along water- ways in the Lehigh Valley. Many species of birds, Map 3 shows the stream quality designations and aquatic animals and mammals depend on river the number of miles in each category in the Lehigh and stream corridors for travel, cover and nesting Valley. Exceptional Value streams include parts of places. The report A Natural Areas Inventory of the Maiden Creek headwaters in Lynn Township, Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania a small partion of the Bushkill Creek in Bushkill lists the Delaware River as one of two Exceptional Township, a section of Slateford Creek in Upper Natural Features in the region. The other is the Blue Mt. Bethel Township and a tributary of Cooks Creek Mountain. According to the natural areas inven- in Lower Saucon Towship. A number of streams tory the Delaware River and its adjacent forested qualify as High Quality Waters-Cold Water Fishes. watersheds comprise one of the major corridors for These include important local streams such as the movement of biota in eastern Pennsylvania. the Little Lehigh, Cedar, Monocacy and Bushkill. Several tributaries to Jordan Creek are rated as Finally, high quality rivers and streams are of criti- High Quality Waters-Cold Water Fishes, Migratory cal importance for the preservation of water sup- Fishes. plies in the Lehigh Valley. Much of the water we use comes directly or indirectly from local waterways. RIPARIAN BUFFERS STREAM QUALITY DESIGNATIONS Riparian buffers are recognized as a vital feature for protecting and reclaiming waterways. A riparian The streams of the state have been given water buffer is an area of vegetation that is maintained quality ratings by the Pennsylvania Department along the shore of a water body to protect stream of Environmental Protection (DEP). These DEP water quality and stabilize stream channels and stream quality designations are listed below. banks. The riparian buffer reduces the amount of runoff pollutants entering the stream. It also • EV (Exceptional Value Waters) – waters that controls erosion, provides leaf-litter to the stream constitute an outstanding national, state, and habitat for many desirable species of amphib- regional or local resource, such as waters of ians, reptiles, mammals and birds. If wide enough, national, state or county parks or forests, or riparian buffers function as corridors for migrating waters that are used as a source of unfiltered large and small mammals. potable water supply, or waters that have been characterized by the Fish Commission The riparian vegetation affects the stream chan- as “Wilderness Trout Streams,” and other wa- nel shape and structure, as well as the stream’s ters of substantial recreational or ecological canopy cover, shading, nutrient inputs and amount significance. of large woody debris entering the stream. Ri- • HQ (High Quality Waters) – a stream or wa- parian canopy cover (branches and tree crowns tershed with exceptional quality waters and overhanging a stream) is important not only for its environmental features that require special role in moderating stream temperatures through protection. shading, but also as an indicator of conditions that • CWF (Cold Water Fishes) – maintenance and/ control bank stability, and as an energy source or propagation of fish species and flora and from leaves that will fall into the water. Aquatic fauna that are native to cold water habitats. macroinvertebrate organisms such as stoneflies • TSF (Trout Stocking) – maintenance of stocked eat, shred and break the leaves into coarse and trout from February 15 to July 31 and main- fine particulate organic material that becomes food for other stream organisms. 12 MAP 3 TY UN CO PORTLAND TY N U UPPER O STREAM QUALITY C MT. BETHEL EAST N . BANGOR J. ROSETO 13 PEN ARGYL BANGOR WIND GAP WASHINGTON OE (NC) NR *Designated or Existing Use: MO Exceptional Value Waters PLAINFIELD LOWER High Quality Cold Water Fishes MT. BETHEL NTY COU Cold Water Fishes N PTO AM RTH BUSHKILL Trout Stocking Fishes NO MOORE Warm Water Fishes 12 NTY LEHIGH COU 4 Watershed Boundary 8 CHAPMAN ON RB STOCKERTOWN CA WALNUTPORT Watersheds N . SLATINGTON TATAMY J. Municipal Boundary NAZARETH FORKS 1 Little Lehigh Creek WASHINGTON 2 Jordan Creek 4 BATH UPPER County Boundary (LC) NAZARETH 3 Coplay Creek Y EAST PALMER NT ALLEN 4 Trout/Bertsch Creeks OU ALLEN C Lake or Pond LOWER 5 Maiden Creek Headwaters HEIDELBERG 10 NAZARETH 6 Perkiomen Creek Headwaters H WILSON IG 7 Saucon Creek EH L EASTON LL 3 WEST 8 Hokendauqua Creek KI YL WHITEHALL NORTHAMPTON EASTON U NORTH 9 Nancy Run CH HANOVER S