LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
2000 UPDATE
April 19, 2000 Draft For Planning Commission Public Meeting
Revised June 12,2000 I
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP I 2000 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE TABLE OF CONTENTS ______I PLAN SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION A. The Planning Process I B. Previous Planning Efforts C. Historic Prospective on the Comprehensive Plan D. Purpose of Comprehensive Plan Update I E. Importance of Plan Implementation F. Lehigh Valley Planning Commission Role G. The Lehigh Valley Comprehensive Plan I H. Regional Issues
11. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES I A. Goals and Objectives from 1987 Comprehensive Plan B. Year 2000 - Goals and Objectives C. Future Land Use Map
I 111. THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN A. Projections Population I Land Needs B. Description of Background Maps C. Description of adjacent Municipal Land Uses and Compatibility I with Township Land Uses D. Natural Resources Planning E. Description of Special Watershed and Wellhead Protection I Weas, with mapping. F. Description of Roadway and Traffic Conditions, with photo map G. Description of Limitations of Public Utilities for Sewer and I Water, with pie charts and tables Iv. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW A. Land Use Ordinances I B. New and/or Modified Ordinance C. Established Budget Goals D. Cooperation with School District and Adjacent Municipalities I E. Establish Open Space and Recreation Goals F. Establish Natural Resources and Environmental Protection and I Audit Program I 1 of 2 I I V. RESIDENTS QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS and ANALYSIS
VI. ADDITIONAL PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
A. Citizens' Coalition of Lower Saucon Township B. Mi scell aneous Newspaper Articles
VII. BACKGROUND MAPS
1. Existing Zoning Map 2. Existing Land Use Map 3. Natural Features Building Limitations Map 4. Agricultural Soils and Woodlands Map 5. Natural Resources Map 6. Sewer and Water Service Areas Map 7. Residential Subdivisions Map
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I PLAN SUMMARY "Maintain Lower Saucon Township as a Suburban and Rural Community . " This Comprehensive Plan, a blueprint for the next ten (10) years, was prepared with this guiding principle. A Citizen Survey performed in 1998 provided the Township Planning Commission with this guiding principle.
A goal of the Plan is to provide a level of government responsive to all residents of the Township. Not each resident or property owner will agree with all Plan recommendations. The future decisions of the Township should be evaluated, however, within the framework of this Plan. At the same time, the plan cannot be static; it must be adaptable to change not for individual benefit, but for the Community as a whole. From all of the background studies and public comment received during the preparation of this update, the 2000 Goals and Objectives of the Township were formulated. These goals are found in Section I1 B of this "Plan". Using these goals, the Township established a general growth pattern for the new Comprehensive Plan. The growth pattern favors development against the boundaries of the adjacent Borough of Hellertown and the City of Bethlehem. This Plan allows for the Township to preserve the natural resources and rural characteristics of the largest portion of the Township south and east of Hellertown.
After the Comprehensive Plan is publicly reviewed, changed as necessary, and adopted, the actions to implement the "Plan" will be started. Land use controls such as zoning and subdivision codes will need to be revised. Onlot sewage regulations will need to be revised. Lot grading regulations and property maintenance regulations will need to be developed. At the same time, funding and financial planning will be needed to complement implementation. This process is ongoing. The Planning Commission recommends that the Council take action to adopt, revise, and implement the Comprehensive Plan. The Township would like to thank all the participants that have worked and cooperated to make this plan a working document.
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I INTRODUCTION I I
I A. The Planning Process I B. Previous Planning Efforts C. Historic Prospective on the Comprehensive Plan I of 1977 1 D. Purpose of the Comprehensive Plan E. Importance of Plan Implementation 1 F. Lehigh Valley Planning Commission Role I G. The Lehigh Valley Comprehensive Plan I H. Regional Issues B I I I I. INTRODUCTION
A. THE PLANNING PROCESS
I This Comprehensive Plan provides Goals and Objectives for guiding the growth and preservation of Lower Saucon Township for the next ten (10) years. The value of this Plan will be in I measuring proposed changes in our community against the Plan's policies for Land Use, Transportation and Community Facilities, and Services. Each change in these areas should be evaluated against these questions:
"Is it within the framework of our Comprehensive Plan?"
or
"Does it achieve the goals of our Comprehensive Plan?"
The Lower Saucon Township Council, the Lower Saucon Township Planning Commission, and many residents have participated in formulating this Comprehensive Plan. The planning process was initiated in 1998 with a Township-wide survey. The Council and Planning Commission considered the following when preparing your Comprehensive Plan:
0 What are the wishes of our residents?
0 What do we want to preserve in Lower Saucon Township?
0 What do we want to change in Lower Saucon Township?
0 What are our Township's strong and weak points?
0 How do we build on our strengths and correct our weaknesses?
B. PREVIOUS PLANNING EFFORTS
Lower Saucon Township has a long history in planning for development and preservation. Lower Saucon Township adopted a Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance in 1958, a Zoning Ordinance in 1963, and a Comprehensive Plan in 1964. The last Comprehensive Plan was completed and adopted in 1977. This plan was updated in 1987. Based upon the 1987 Comprehensive Plan Update the Township updated their Zoning Ordinance in 1988. Since the major Zoning Ordinance revision in 1988, the Township has made minor amendments to the Zoning Ordinance to keep pace with the pressures of development and change.
IA-1 This long history of planning is continued in this Comprehensive Plan update. The last twenty (20) years have witnessed intense development pressure on Lower Saucon Township and this pressure is expected to continue for an additional ten (10) years.
The Lower Saucon Township Council intends to continue the planning process with the adoption of the Comprehensive Plan. The Plan will be followed by revisions to the Zoning Ordinance, revisions to the Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance and the adoption of other recommended Ordinances.
C. HISTORIC PROSPECTIVE ON THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF 1977
The 1977 Comprehensive Plan was prepared to help manage development in the Township. This Plan was formally prepared in conjunction with both Fountain Hill Borough and Hellertown Borough. At that time, this type of joint planning effort was unique to Northampton County. It is hoped that more municipal cooperation in planning and implementation would result from this program. Many municipal problems and opportunities cross invisible boundary lines. The City of Bethlehem's Planning Bureau and the Salisbury Township Planning Commission were also contacted to ensure compatible land use planning, during the preparation of that 1977 Plan.
The 1987 Update and this Year 2000 Plan Update are both based on this original three Municipalities' Comprehensive Plan. Both Hellertown and Fountain Hill still retain their primary roles as urban centers for the Region. Differences, however, exist between both urban centers.
The Lower Saucon Comprehensive Plan shows that the Township offers a great variety of residential living areas. The eastern portion of the Township, largely characterized by wooded steep slopes, is shown as "Rural Limited Development Area" where single homes on large lots (two plus acres) are encouraged to retain the open rural and scenic character of this unique area of the Township. The area south of Hellertown and the western portion of the Township are shown as "Development Areas" with a variety of residential living areas. The areas immediately south and west of Hellertown are shown for apartment and other multi-family housing primarily because the areas are convenient to shopping, schools, parks and other services. Commercial areas are limited to Route 378, and to Route 412 just south of Hellertown. Recreation and leisure time areas are along Saucon Creek, other streams, a system of neighborhood parks, and a Community park at the Town Hall site. The schools in the Township are recommended as Education/Recreation Centers.
IA-2 Hellertown retains a predominant residential character. Hellertown is planned as the major commercial center in the Saucon Valley. The renovated “Town Center” provides varied retail, office, service, municipal, and high density residential uses.
Fountain Hill retains a very predominant residential character, emphasizing a variety of housing types that offer varied living environments. For example, single family homes on large (approximately one acre) lots planned for the steeply wooded areas in the southern portion of the Borough would contrast with the high rise apartment living environment planned along the Lehigh River in the northern portion. The regional hospital and health care land uses are located at Saint Luke‘s Hospital in Fountain Hill.
Recreation/Leisure time areas include the Lechauweki Springs, the expanded Fountain Hill Park, a natural South Side Reservoir Area, a new neighborhood park near the Lehigh River, and the designation of schools as Education/Recreation Centers. Commercial and Industrial areas are largely limited to existing locations. A historic preservation area in the northern portion of the Borough is designated to preserve architecturally and historically significant buildings in this unique area of Fountain Hill.
The Zoning/Land Use Plans for adjacent municipalities were investigated in preparing this update. For the most part, the Land Use Plan contained in this update is compatible with that of the adjacent municipalities.
Certain areas along the Township boundary do have existing land uses which conflict with existing land uses in adjacent municipalities. For example, the Heavy Industrial land use in the City of Bethlehem along Hellertown - Raubsville Road conflicts with the adjacent Residential land use in Lower Saucon Township.
IA-3 D. PURPOSE OF THE NEW COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
This Comprehensive Plan, following the guidelines of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, describes the Township's policies for preservation, development, and future public improvements. These policies are shown on the Comprehensive Plan Maps and are described in the text of this document. All residents, businesses, and community groups should assist their local government in implementing this Plan.
E. IMPORTANCE OF PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
This Plan is only of value to our community if there is a strong commitment to implement it. The implementation of such a Plan may necessitate changes to the Zoning Ordinance, Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance, and other ordinances that will reflect the policies contained within this Plan.
This Plan cannot be a static document, but must continuously reflect the Township's evolving policies for guiding change such as the type and location of new development, the preservation of land and open space, and the continued maintenance of existing residences and businesses. Each decision of the Township should be measured against this Plan and its major policies for guiding change.
F. LEHIGH VALLEY PLANNING COMMISSION ROLE IN THE PLAN
Northampton County, through the staff of the two-county Lehigh Valley Planning Commission prepared a Comprehensive Plan for the Lehigh Valley. The staff of the Lehigh Valley Planing Commission has participated with the Township in the formulation of this Comprehensive Plan during the citizen questionnaire tasks and required plan review, and agency comment tasks. Involving the County Planning Commission staff in preparation and revision of the Township's Comprehensive Plan allows regional planning consideration to be reflected in the Township's Plans and also allows the County, from a regional prospective, to understand the needs, goals, and policies of the Township. This type of exchange is vital for a mutual understanding of each Commission's philosophies for the orderly growth of Northampton County and Lower Saucon Township.
G. THE LEHIGH VALLEY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
In April 1993, the Joint Planning Commission (now the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission) adopted a new Comprehensive Plan for the two-county region. The following is a summary of that plan and how it relates to Lower Saucon Township:
IA-4 Population Growth Lehigh County Growth 1990-2010 13.5% projection
Northampton County Growth 1990-2010 18.1% projection
Areas of Environmental Protection
Flood Plains No development Wetlands No development, proper separation Steep Slopes 15-25% large lots 258'no development Carbonate Geology Proper SALDO regulations Woodlands SALDO control for tree removal
Farmland Preservation
There is no land area set aside for farmland preservation (Map 6 Page 17) .
Industrial Development
There is no land area set aside for industrial uses (Map 7 Page 21).
Housing
Table 2 (Page 27) of the Lehigh Valley Comprehensive Plan recommends densities as follows: Townhouses 8-15/ac Twins 6-12/ac SFD 4-7 /ac PRD 4-12/ac Housing development should occur only in areas with proper infrastructure.
Land Use
Lower Saucon is classified as "Urban" in west portions of the Township and "Rural or Natural Resources" in remaining portions of the Township (Map 9 - General Land Use Plan).
Commercial and Shopping Development
Situated in Urban and Suburban areas Need public sewer/water Good roads In rural areas only to serve needs of people.
I IA-5 I I I 1-78, Route 378, and Route 412 are listed as part of the I major highway network. The Route 412 corridor in the City, the Borough, and in Lower Saucon is listed on the Highway Plan for further I study. Municipalities are to provide for an adequate system of I collectors and arterials.
I No impact on Lower Saucon Township.
I S.E.P.T.A. passenger services from Bethlehem to Philadelphia through Lower Saucon Township ended in 1981, because of low ridership. A recent Lehigh Valley Planning c Commission study indicated that it is not likely that this service will be restored in the near future.
1 Sewer Require alternate area testing for onlot sewer development I Provide public sewers for areas of high need Urban development only in sewered areas "Central" sewer only where public sewer is expected within 1 five (5) years Water
I Encourages coordination of Community water systems with comprehensive land use planning. 1 Supports wellhead protection programs through land use control.
Coordinate environmental, efficient water service with I existing and future development. 1 Update or prepare water agreements. Regulate new private central water systems. I I Control runoff through Act 167 Plans
IA-6 I Solid Waste Maximize recycling
1 Recreation I- Use NRPA standard: 6.25 to 10.5 acres of local parks per 1,000 people I 15 to 20 acres of regional parks per 1,000 people Municipalities should acquire the local park land
High priority for open space along rivers and major streams
Implement park and recreation plans
Require dedication of recreation land or money during development
Preserve open space and natural resource areas
Energy Conservation
Compact developments Fix traffic congestion areas Building codes for energy conservation
Historic Preservation
Encourage comprehensive historic resources survey
H. REGIONAL ISSUES
This Comprehensive Plan serves as the framework to guide development and preservation within Lower Saucon Township. Lower Saucon Township cannot stand alone. Many issues facing Lower Saucon Township have regional implications. Issues such as transportation, housing, education, employment, health care, wastewater treatment, water supply, protection of natural resources, and agricultural and watershed preservation go beyond the Municipal boundaries of Lower Saucon Township. Regional planning can result in cost savings for planning, for provision of services, and can result more efficient land use patterns, and compatible land uses at Municipal boundaries.
For example, Lower Saucon Township is currently working with the City of Bethlehem for sewer and water services. Also, the most obvious example of regionalization for Lower Saucon Township is the Saucon Valley School District.
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I By working cooperatively with its adjacent neighbors and taking a regional approach to solving problems, Lower Saucon Township is developing a strategy of guiding growth and protecting resources I within its municipalities. I I 1 I I I I I I I i I I I I IA-8 I GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 11. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FROM 1987 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
A. As a review of the Goals and Objectives included in the 1987 Comprehensive Plan, this section provides an outline of those Goals and Objectives and an outline response on how each of those Goals and Objectives were either met or I not met.
The review of these Goals and Objectives is important to I determine what areas and issues in the Township should be studied and should be included as Goals and Objectives for 2000. For instance, if an objective was not met between I 1987 and today, then that objective should be carried forward as a high priority issue for 2000 Goals and Objectives .
I In this outline the paragraphs noted with a "bullet" (0) are the Township's responses toward progress made on the specific objective listed.
1987 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES RESIDENTIAL GOAL: Assure that space for adequate housing is available to every family and individual in Lower Saucon Township. Objective: Establish guidelines for site layout and building construction.
0 The Township updated their Zoning Ordinance to require high quality residential planning, cluster zoning, and detailed site plans for multi-family dwelling and apartment building developments.
0 The Township adopted codes to require minimum building, plumbing, mechanical, and electrical construction designs and standards. Objective: Create incentives for all residential development to meet the highest standards of site design, to protect natural features, and to encourage conservation.
0 The Township provides for cluster zoning.
0 The Township provides for steep slope protection.
0 The Township provides for woodland protection.
0 The Township provides for protection of wetlands and floodplains.
0 The Township has adopted regulations to control timber harvesting.
IIA-1
I I. Objective: Provide land at appropriate locations for all types and densities of residential development to increase the variety of choices available.
e The Township updated their Zoning Ordinance to provide for various types of residential development and various densities of residential development.
e These ordinance updates have resulted in various densities of residential development over the past ten (10) years, including a condominium project known as Society Hill and a cluster housing community complex known as "Four Seasons'' .
Other residential neighborhoods have developed with lot sizes of L to h acre for each single family detached dwelling unit.
Representative single family detached subdivisions include Pheasant Run, Meadow View, the Woodlands (along Mountain Drive south), and Hickory Hill Estates. These developments are provided with public water and public sewer service.
Development has occurred also in zones requiring 80,000 square feet lot areas and larger. A significant number of homes have been constructed in areas requiring two (2) to four (4) acres in lot sizes. These developments have occurred in areas where public sanitary sewer service is not available. Examples of these projects are Meadow Ridge and Old Mill Estates.
Objective: For greater economy, encourage higher-density (7+ dwelling units per acre) development to locate in areas that can be served by extending existing water and sewerage systems and public transportation. Also locate near (within % mile) shopping, schools, parks, and other municipal services and facilities.
0 Society Hill, (approximately 8 dwelling units per acre), has been developed immediately west of Hellertown with approximately 300 dwelling units.
e Four Seasons, a cluster housing development, has been approved and is under construction with approximately 158 dwelling units at an average density of approximately five (5) to six (6) per acre.
IIA-2 I 0 Both these developments are close (within sl mile) of shopping, schools, and parks and are served I with public sewer and public water service. I ENVTRONMENTAL: Provide for the wise management and adequate protection of the environment.
I Objective: Insist that all development must be done in accordance with sound soil and water conservation practices to minimize stormwater runoff and to prevent soil erosion.
0 Since 1987, the Township has adopted this Environmental Regulations in an updated Zoning Ordinance and has adopted Stormwater Management Regulations that comply with Act 167 for the protection of the Saucon Creek Watershed.
0 The Township requires that all subdivisions and/or land developments obtain approval from the County Conservation District and/or the Department of Environmental Protection for earth disturbance conservation practices, prior to issuance of building permits by the Township. Objective: Prohibit or strictly limit development on land subject to flooding.
0 The Township has adopted floodplain regulations as required by Federal regulations to qualify the Township the Federal Flood Insurance Program.
0 The Township regulations are more strict than Federal or State recommendations in order to provide limitations on development of land within floodplain areas, although the Township recently amended the Zoning Ordinance to slightly reduce restrictions on commercial and/or employment development within the floodplains. The Township Zoning Ordinance was amended to require increase in lot sizes for property within floodplain areas.
Objective: To protect public investments, prevent development that would increase siltation of water supply, or any potential flood-control impoundments.
0 (See sections above).
Objective: Control development on steep hillsides to assure access and to prevent erosion.
IIA-3 e The Township amended the Zoning Ordinance to require larger lots sizes in steep slope areas and to minimize the percentage of property disturbance in steep and sloped areas. Objective: Reasonable preservation of agricultural land. The Township updated the Zoning Ordinance to provide for larger lot areas (two (2) acre minimum in the rural agricultural area, but has not adopted strict agricultural preservation regulations, to reserve larger farm parcels. Objective: Encourage private land owners along the Saucon Creek and in the area of the Hellertown Watershed land to voluntarily offer restrictive covenants or easement on environmentally sensitive portions of their property, so that the natural qualities of the Saucon Creek and its adjacent floodplain areas, and the natural qualities of the Hellertown Watershed areas can be preserved for future generations. The Township Zoning Regulations "Planning Regulations" have been updated to protect environmentally sensitive areas along the Saucon Creek and/or other creeks. The Township required larger lot sizes in floodplain areas. The Township has accepted dedication of land along the Saucon Creek in the Society Hill Subdivision to maintain public ownership of the stream corridor and special historic sites. The Township has not undertaken any special Watershed Protection Regulations for the Hellertown Water Supply System. Objective: Control development supported by onlot sewage systems in carbonate rock areas to provide protection of ground water resources. The Township has developed strict carbonate geology requirements to minimize the impact of development in sensitive carbonate geology areas and to protect groundwater resources.
e The Township has also adopted strict onlot sewage system regulations to require complete investigation of lot and potential sinkhole areas, prior to the Zoning and approval of buildings or onlot sewage system.
I IIA-4 I Objective: Encourage installation of public sewers and, if not immediately available, capped public sewers in any development in a carbonate rock area of the Township.
0 The Township has planned that a significant portion of the carbonate geology area of the Township be provided with public sewer service.
0 There are, however, also areas zoned for larger lot size, which are not planned to be served by public sewers.
VICES GQBL:
Assure that public facilities and utility services are adequate to accommodate existing development and planned additional development. Objective: Provide incentives for new development to locate within the areas that can be served by existing or extended water and sewerage systems.
0 Updated Zoning regulations have been established to encourage new development to locate within areas served by existing or extended water and sewer systems.
0 This planning has been successful in helping to extend sewer and water systems to areas of the Township that needed such facilities. A recent example of this planning is the provisions for the extension of the public sewer and public water to the Hellertown Park Area being undertaken by the Authority and the Developer of the Creekside Marketplace Shopping Center south of Hellertown.
Also, the Developer of Society Hill assisted in the expansion of public sewer and public water to the Black River Area of the Township.
Objective: Combine public facilities where possible to economize on public expenditures and maximize public convenience; encourage year round and evening use of public buildings.
0 The Township has provided for joint utilization of their Township municipal property for the Police Department, Public Works Department, and for a period of time the Lower Saucon Authority.
IIA-5 Objective: Acquire or reserve sites for community facilities before private development takes place.
e The Township has obtained, by dedication, the Southeastern Park and the Michael Heller Homestead Park as part of the Developer I Dedication Requirements.
e The Township has investigated purchasing other I lands for ballfields in the Leithsville Area.
e The Township has considered purchasing land I adjacent to the Township Municipal Park. e The Township has not taken other measures to acquire or reserve sites for community I facilities. EMPLOYMENT GOAL:
Assure that high quality space is available for reasonable employment base activities such as business office, research laboratory, light manufacturing, warehousing, and light industry. Objective: Establish guidelines for site layout and building construction, environmental protection and adequate buffers to neighbors.
e The Zoning Ordinance has been updated to provide for office research and laboratory sites with limitation of the Environmental Protection, in updated sections of the Zoning Ordinance which regulate development of steep slopes, floodplain areas, carbonate geology, and wetland areas. No significant office or research development, however, has occurred in the last ten (10) years. The Township has also provided a light industry area, which includes regulations for landfill activities. This area is located on Applebutter Road, and although the existing landfill has expanded in the last ten (10) years, no other office development or light industry has located in areas available. Objective: Provide land uses which are compatible with availability of public utilities.
e The Township has planned to provide for adequate public utilities for these land uses if such land uses occur.
IIA-6 I Objective: Provide locations which are served by adequate vehicle I and possibly rail accessibility. 0 The Township has planned that these areas be adjacent to the higher volume road systems of the Township but has not provided for any rail I accessibility to these properties since no rail accessibility exists. I Objective: Provide land uses which are compatible with adjacent proposed land uses.
0 The Township has updated their Zoning Ordinance I to provide compatible adjacent uses and more buffers to the employment area uses planned in I the Township. COMMERCIAL GOAL: Ensure that commercial development is adequate to meet the day-to-day needs for goods and services, while recognizing major commercial centers within the Township are not possible because of a lack of highway access and public utilities. Objective: Identify land best suited for day-to-day types of convenience commercial development.
0 The Township Zoning Ordinance was updated to provide for commercial areas adjacent to Route 378 and Route 412.
0 In the last ten (10) years these areas have either been developed or planned for development of shopping centers and/or additional miscellaneous commercial development.
0 The Saucon Square Shopping Center has developed on Route 378 and provides for a Food Market, Restaurant, Bank, and Movie Theater as well as other commercial uses. The property owner south of Hellertown is also planning to develop a Shopping Center known as the Creekside Marketplace. This Shopping Center will also include a Food Market. Objective: Designate areas for commercial development with due respect for safe and efficient highway access and for compatibility with neighboring uses.
0 The Township has planned that major Shopping Center areas be provided with safe access to the State Highway by way of traffic signalization.
I IIA-7 I Objective: Encourage planned forms of convenience commercial development which make more efficient use of the land.
0 (see above items.)
Objective: Minimize traffic circulation to and from neighborhood I commercial convenience centers by designating areas for commercial use in locations which are close to potential I users. 0 Commercial Centers have been designated near residential neighborhoods but at two (2) separate locations so as to minimize traffic circulations I through residential neighborhoods. CIRCULATION GOAL: Provide a balanced circulation system which most efficiently serves the economic, social, and environmental structure of the region. Objective: Plan streets and highways to form a clearly defined system with different segments serving different, but coordinated functions.
0 The Township has established different classifications of roads, but has not been able to clearly define individual levels of service since most of the roads in the Township existed many years before the Zoning Laws were passed.
0 New roads within developments are basically designed and constructed as "local roads". Objective: Maintain and review a uniform highway classification system with minimum design standards for all new and rebuilt roads.
0 The Township road construction standards were upgraded significantly in the last ten (10) years to provide for better long term structural integrity and to minimize Township maintenance cost in the future. Objective: Plan street, transit, and pedestrian/bicycle improvements in close coordination with land use policies and with other public improvements.
0 The opportunities for bicycle and pedestrian improvements have been minimal.
0 The Township has provided and has implemented a pedestrian safety signal and pedestrian walkway between Society Hill, Michael Heller Homestead Park, and Hellertown.
IIA-8 Objective: Discourage direct vehicular access from arterial and collector highways to individual lots.
0 The Township Zoning Ordinance is updated to require, to a reasonable degree, the development of residential lots served from internal local roads. Driveways have been discouraged or prohibited from direct access to collector roads. Example of this planning is the Woodlands Subdivision on Mountain Drive south. Another example of this planning is the Meadow View Subdivision with a minimum number of driveways connecting to Meadows Road and/or Skibo Road. Objective: Keep through traffic out of residential neighborhoods and other concentrated areas of similar land uses.
0 Zoning and Subdivision Regulations require coordinated planning of street systems, but require streets to be designed to discourage through traffic.
0 The Subdivision Ordinance has been updated to minimize the total length of a cul-de-sac.
Objective: Eliminate and prevent traffic hazards.
0 The Township has taken measures to minimize and/or eliminate traffic hazards of the last ten (10) years.
0 The Township has undertaken a signage improvement project .
0 The Township has reconstructed the Bingen- Hickory Hill-Mountain Drive intersection and installed traffic signalization.
The Developer of the O'Brien farm has straightened out a dangerous curve on Meadows Road as part of their responsibility of development. The County has closed Old Mill Bridge to through traffic, because of safety concerns.
IIA-9 I OVERALL LAND USE GOAL: I Achieve maximum compatibility between all present and future land uses and obtain the best possible use of the undeveloped land remaining within the Township.
I Objective : Adopt revised Zoning and Subdivision and Land Development Ordinances to achieve the development patterns I recommended in the Comprehensive Plan. 0 The Township updated their zoning and subdivision regulations to better respond to the 1987 I Comprehensive Plan. Objective: Encourage the continued use, recycling, adaptive use, and preservation of the many historic dwellings and structures that exist in Lower Saucon Township.
0 The updated Zoning Ordinance encourages preservation of the historic structures.
Objective: Identify 18th and lgth Century structures, working in cooperation with the Lower Saucon Historical Society, as well as the Hellertown Planning Commission and the Hellertown Historical Society in this endeavor.
0 The Township did require the Developer of Society Hill to dedicate the Michael Heller Homestead Park to the Township for Historic Preservation and Open Space Protection.
Ob] ective : Recognize that buildings constructed in the 18th, lgth and first half of the 20th Centuries, prior to any concept of zoning, need to be reviewed in a manner that acknowledges that these buildings and their locations frequently will not conform with contemporary zoning practices.
0 The Township Zoning Ordinance was updated to specifically protect historic structures.
TOWNSHIP BUDGET GOAL: Achieve budget stability and provide for proper infrastructure maintenance and expansion if needed. Objective: Prepare and annually update a five-year Capital Improvements Program to schedule Township government expenditures for community facilities and improvements.
I I1 A - 10 I I 0 The Township has planned for proper infrastructure maintenance and expansion with applying for and obtaining many Community I' Development Block Grants over the last ten (10) I years. 0 These grants have primarily been used for the extension of public water facilities to areas within the Township that have a significant need I for public water, including Applebutter Road, Seidersville Road, and Bingen Road areas.
R 0 The Township obtained a low interest PENNVEST Loan to provide for public sewer extensions in the western side of the Township in areas of the I highest need. The Black River and University Heights area.
0 The Township obtained a PENNVEST Loan for low interest financing for the construction of a water system and water storage tank to serve the drinking water needs and fire fighting needs of Steel City and to protect the Steel City residents from potential groundwater pollution from the landfill on Applebutter Road. The Township obtained grants and contributions from the landfill operator to help extend public water to residents in the Applebutter Road area near the landfill. The Township has planned to make capital improvements for the extension of public sewer to the Victor Drive (Wagner's farm) and Saucon Meadow Court areas of the Township. The Township is planning to provide improved and expanded facilities for their Police Department.
The Township has obtained grants and has made contributions to the Volunteer Fire Companies for additions and improvements to their trucks and equipment.
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I1 A - 11 I
I 11. 2000 GOALS ANDSm€ B. After a review of the Township resident Questionnaire, I Background Maps, Land Uses within the Township and surrounding communities, and all other supporting data in this study the following Goals and Objectives are now hereby established for Lower Saucon Township. In addition to the Goals and Objectives outlined herein, the Township also establishes a "Future Land Use Map" for guidance on decision making for planning for future land uses within the Township. This Land Use Map is included 1 as Section C of this chapter.
GQ-QdLl: Provide for wise management and adequate protection of the I Environment and Natural Resources of the Township.
I IVF? E-1: Prohibit or strictly limit development on wetlands and/or land subject to flooding.
ective R -.7 . To protect public investments, prevent development 1 that would increase degradation of any water supplies, or any potential flood-control 1 impoundments. tive E-3: Provide control and protection of watershed areas for areas that serve as a water source for a public water I supply - Pr-tlve R-4: Control development activities in wellhead protection 1 areas to better protect public water supplies. ve 6-.5: Control developments along stream edges and wetlands to preserve buffers. I ve Fn-6: Control development on steep hillsides to assure access and to prevent erosion.
I tive E-7: Require that all development must be constructed in accordance with proper soil protection and water conservation practices to minimize stormwater runoff I and to prevent soil erosion. ve E-&: Provide regulations to control addition of chemicals to soil for either agriculture and/or lawn care, in I areas immediately adjacent to streams. I I IIB-1 I I
e E-9: Reasonable preservation of agricultural land. i' E-1Q: ive Provide a plan for interconnected woodlands and/or stream corridors for habitat protection and I reasonable uninterrupted movement of habitat from one area to another.
1 ct-ive E-U: Provide better definition of agriculture land and provide definitions and regulations for different types of agriculture land use as follows: 1. Intense Agriculture, including such agriculture practices as raising hogs, chickens, turkeys, or other similar livestock. 2. Raising of crops for animal or human consumption of food products such as wheat, corn, apples, or other similar 'produce". 3. The raising and harvesting of wood in woodlands or timber production.
Qbiective G-13: Encourage property owners to form Agriculture Security Districts to preserve the rights of property owners to continue agriculture practices.
ve F, -.L3. Encourage private land owners along the Saucon Creek and in the area of the Hellertown Watershed and Springtown Watershed land to voluntarily offer restrictive covenants or easements on environmentally sensitive portions of their property, so that the natural qualities of the Saucon Creek and its adjacent floodplain areas, and the natural qualities of the Hellertown and Springtown Watershed areas can be preserved for future generations.
e E-14: Prepare a plan of existing natural resources for the Township and identify ways to better protect and preserve significant natural resources.
e Fa-=: Control development supported by onlot sewage systems in carbonate geology areas to provide protection of ground water resources.
ve E-X: Encourage extension of public sewer and public water facilities only to those areas of the Township that are densely populated and have a demonstrated "Need" for these facilities in order to preserve quality of life and environment.
ve E-17: Provide regulations that establish minimum of three (3) acres for lots utilizing "Drip" or a "Spray Irrigation" technology for onlot sewer disposal.
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I e E-la: Provide regulations for onlot sewer system maintenance of standard septic and aerobic tank systems, for spray irrigation and for other modern technology systems to better assure proper property I owner operation and maintenance of existing onlot I sewer disposal facilities
Ooal: Assure that existing diverse housing is maintained in a safe and habitable condition. mal 2: Recognize that the limitations on public utilities, road systems, and developable land will restrict additional residential development in the Township.
-3: Assure that remaining developable land provides for a reasonable diversity of housing opportunities.
Qbjective R-1: Establish guidelines for site layout and building construction and require Lot Grading Plans to better assure proper siting and grading around buildings for soil erosion and storm drainage control. mjective R-7: Create incentives for all residential development to meet the highest standards of site design, to protect natural resources and natural features, and to encourage conservation. ctlve R-3: Provide appropriate locations for all types and densities of residential development to maintain a variety of choices.
tive R-4: For greater economy, encourage higher-density development to locate in areas that can be served by extending existing water and sewerage systems and public transportation. Also locate near (within % mile) shopping, schools, parks, and other municipal services and facilities. Recognize that the limitations on extension of public utilities and availability of roads within the Township limit location of available land for higher density residential development. R-5: Provide for property maintenance inspections upon transfer of property with a requirement that well water testing (if the property is served by well water) and onlot sewer system inspection (if the property is served by onlot sewer facilities) is undertaken to the satisfaction of the Township prior to issuance of moving permit and/or Certificate of Occupancy.
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I Objective R-6: Provide regulations for onlot sewer system maintenance of standard septic and aerobic tank systems, for spray irrigation and for other modern technology systems to better assure proper property I owner operation and maintenance of existing onlot sewer disposal facilities. I Objective R-7: Consider expanding opportunities for "Cluster Housing" for Zoning Districts other than R-12, U-R and V-C District.
I PUBLIC SERVICES GOALS
Goal 1: Recognize that public facility and utility services I capacities are limited in nature and assure that future development of the Township does not overburden public facility and utility services while recognizing reasonable I planned expansions of those facilities or services. Goal 2: Assure the public facilities and utility services are provided in cooperation with surrounding municipal and/or I regional facilities and services wherever such facilities and services can be provided more efficiently on an I Intermunicipal or regional basis.
Objective PS-1: Combine public facilities where possible to economize I on public expenditures and maximize public convenience; encourage year round and evening use of public buildings. I Objective PS-2: Acquire or reserve sites for community facilities before private development takes place. I Objective PS-3: Acquire or reserve sites of restrictive easements to protect natural resources, important scenic views, I and/or significant agricultural areas. Objective PS-4: Consider acquiring these rights through clustering of development in portions of a larger property.
I EMPLOYMENT GOALS
Goal 1: Assure that existing businesses are maintained in a safe I non-hazardous condition. Goal 2: Recognize limitations on public facilities and public services and on available developable land, and within I those limitations provide opportunities for a diversity of employment use and activities such as business offices, research laboratories, light manufacturing, and light I industry. I IIB-4 I I
-3: Recognize that the limitations on road and highway networks within the Township severely limit opportunities for warehousing activities and businesses that create a I high volume of truck traffic. W?: Assure that existing and new businesses operate in such a manner so as to protect the environment of the Township.
Establish guidelines for site layout and building construction, environmental protection and adequate buffers to neighbors. tive F!MP -.7. Establish guidelines for site layout and building construction and require Lot Grading Plans to better assure proper siting and grading around buildings for soil erosion and storm drainage control. Provide planning opportunities specifically to encourage light manufacturing and offices in areas that may be currently designated General Business to allow nonresidential development with traffic generation that would be less than traffic generation created by commercial activities.
ective EMP-- 4. Provide land uses which are compatible with availability of public utilities.
ve F,MP -.5. Provide regulations for annual or bi-annual maintenance inspections, provisions for annual or bi-annual fire inspections, annual reporting on MSDS sheets, and provide communication of this information to the Police Department, the Fire Companies, and the Emergency Squads which serve the Township. Consider utilization of web page or other similar e-mail information to improve communication. Provide locations which are served by adequate vehicle accessibility.
tive EMP -.7. Encourage use of shared driveways and/or secondary access points to nonresidential development so that traffic interruptions along major arterials are minimized. Provide land uses which are compatible with adjacent proposed land uses. Provide for property maintenance inspections upon transfer of property with a requirement that well water testing (if the property is served by well
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I water) and onlot sewer system inspection (if the property is served by onlot sewer facilities) is undertaken to the satisfaction of the Township prior to issuance of moving permit and/or Certificate of I Occupancy. I WA: Assure that existing commercial development is maintained I in a safe and environmentally protective condition. &?aL2: Recognize limitations on public facilities and services and the limitations on developable land for commercial uses but provide, within those limitations, areas of small scale commercial development to meet the day to day needs of supplying goods and services for Township residents. Identify land best suited for day-to-day types of convenience commercial development. Designate areas for commercial development with due respect for safe and efficient highway access and for compatibility with neighboring uses. The Township should plan to minimize interruptions of driveways along major arterials to minimize turning movements especially across undivided highways. tive w.-. Review Neighborhood Commercial, Village Center and General Business Districts for consideration of reducing or eliminating commercial opportunities since lot sizes in these areas are generally small and unsuitable for modern commercial facilities with improved driveway access and improved public sewer and public water facilities. tive m4.-. Minimize traffic circulation to and from neighborhood commercial convenience centers by designating areas for commercial use in locations which are close to potential users.
ve COM -.5. Provide regulations for annual or bi-annual maintenance inspections, provisions for annual or bi-annual fire inspections, annual reporting on MSDS sheets, and provide communication of this information to the Police Department, the Fire Companies, and the Emergency Squads which serve the Township. Consider utilization of web page or other similar e-mail information to improve communication. I
I iective COM -.6 . Provide for property maintenance inspections upon transfer of property with a requirement that well water testing (if the property is served by well water) and onlot sewerrsystem inspection (if the I property is served by onlot sewer facilities) is undertaken to the satisfaction of the Township prior to issuance of moving permit and/or Certificate of I Occupancy. I Wal &: Recognize limitations on existing road improvements restrict ability of the road system of the Township to carry significantly increased traffic volumes.
-1 2: Within budget constraints of the Township maintain the existing roads that are under Township ownership and continue a program of shoulder upgrading to improve safety conditions along narrow curving roads within the Township. Shoulder upgrading and improvements along narrow roads, however, should be limited by the overriding goal of historic building preservation and tree preservation. In other words, shoulders should not be improved in width'if shoulder improvements will cause trees to be removed along existing Township roads or if shoulder improvements would negatively impact existing older buildings that were built close to the road. Tree cutting or clearing at intersections for proper sight distance is, however, still required and recommended.
@a1 a: Within Township budget limitations provide safety improvements at intersections or sections of Township roads that experience higher than normal traffic accident counts . Goal 4: Recognize that the Township is not well suited for a fully integrated bicycle and/or pedestrian pathway, but where opportunities exist, plan for connecting pathways and bike ways from residential neighborhoods to community parks and/or to shopping and employment opportunities in the Borough of Hellertown.
tive -.. Plan streets and highways to form a clearly defined system with different segments serving different, but coordinated functions.
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I ctive CIR -.7. Maintain and review a uniform highway classification system with minimum design standards for all new and rebuilt roads. I Plan street, public transportation, and pedestrian/bicycle improvements in close coordination with land use policies and with other I public improvements. Discourage direct vehicular access from arterial and collector highways to individual lots. Develop a plan of specific pedestrian and/or bike routes that may be available to connect pedestrian and/or bicyclist between Society Hill, Heller Homestead Park, and Hellertown. Consider developing a pedestrian/bikeway along the Septa abandoned railroad bed. This would provide a connecting link between various residential neighborhoods of the Township and the Heller Homestead Park while providing access to sidewalks leading into the business areas of Hellertown. Keep through traffic out of residential neighborhoods and other concentrated areas of similar land uses. Plan for traffic calming devices to minimize the speed of traffic through residential neighborhoods and/or commercial areas with high pedestrian traffic.
tive CSR -.9. Eliminate and prevent traffic hazards. Continue the current road maintenance program and continue to enforce maintenance of clear sight triangles at intersections to minimize accident potentials.
Goal: Assure maintenance of existing residential and non- residential and public facility Land Uses within the Township and assure that Natural Resources and Open Space of the Township are protected for benefit of the environment and future generations.
Goal.: Assure reasonable opportunity for agriculture land use so that this Land Use is not incrementally lost over a period of time.
GQaL3: Recognize that Open Space, Recreation Areas, Agricultural Areas, areas of Natural Resources Protection are Land Uses and areas with such Land Uses should not therefore, be deemed to be "undeveloped" or "unused".
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GQaaA: Assure, to the extent is it reasonably possible, protection of surface and groundwater quality throughout the Township with the recognition that groundwater and surface water resources in specific portions of the Township are utilized for public water drinking by the I citizens of the Borough of Hellertown, Springfield Township, and Upper Saucon Township.
I Adopt revised Zoning and Subdivision and Land Development Ordinances to achieve the development patterns recommended in the Comprehensive Plan. Provide necessary Zoning Ordinance provisions to respect limitations on additional development that are related to the limitations on public sewer and water services, availability of road capacity for vehicular traffic, and for the goal of preserving natural resources. Encourage the continued use, recycling, adaptive use, and preservation of the many historic dwellings and structures that exist in Lower Saucon Township. Identify 18th and lgth Century structures, working in cooperation with the Lower Saucon Historical Society and the Saucon Valley Conservancy, as well as the Hellertown Planning Commission and the Hellertown Historical Society in this endeavor.
Recognize that buildings constructed in the 18th, lgth and first half of the 20th Centuries, prior to any concept of zoning, need to be reviewed in a manner that acknowledges that these buildings and their locations frequently will not conform with contemporary zoning practices. ve LU .-.6. Identify woodland areas that should be protected as agricultural, woodland/timber areas.
ve T,U -.7. Reduce availability of commercial options in Neighborhood Commercial, Village Center and General Business areas. Identify significant historical areas and adopt special Historic District Regulations in areas of the Township that should be preserved for their significant historic architectural appearance. Recognize increased flood elevations along Saucon Creek identified by the updated E’EMA studies and update all Zoning and Land Use Maps to agree with the higher elevations.
IIB-9 I Goal: Achieve budget stability and provide for proper infrastructure maintenance and if needed for public health I and safety extension to serve existing residents.
tive BUD-1: Prepare and annually update a five-year Capital Improvements Program to schedule Township government expenditures for community facilities and improvements.
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I 111. pps- A. Utilizing existing Land Use Maps and existing Zoning I District designations, Hanover Engineering prepared various tables including the following: i 1. Area and Population Table, dated January 28, 2000. 2. Population Projection and required Residential I Dwelling Units Table, dated January 28, 2000. 3. Population Projection Table. I 4. Area'and Population Table, dated January 28, 2000. These various charts and tables were studied by the Planning Commission and it was recognized that the I existing population of approximately 10,000 persons could double to approximately 20,000 persons before all I remaining developable land was utilized. The Lehigh Valley Planning Commission (LVPC) population projections indicate the Township may reach a population I of 15,000 by 2020. Upon review of these statistics and the statistics related to capacity limitations on the existing Township road I system, utility system and a review of the restrictive characteristics of Natural Land Forms and Natural Resources, the Planning Commission determined that certain land areas should be reduced in planned density to better I reflect the limitations referenced above. The adjustment to these land use densities is based upon I development patterns of existing neighborhoods and the objectives of protecting agricultural land and/or natural I resources as well as the above limitations. 1 I
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I I11 A - 1 I LOWER SAUCON TOWSHIP AREA AND POPULATION TABLES January 28,2000
MAXIMUM TOWNSHIP CAPACITY BY ZONING DISTRICT WITHOUT PERFORMANCE STANDARDS TOTAL ASSUMED MAX MAXIMUM AREA UNIT NUMBER POPULATION ** SUE* DWELLING DISTRICT (acres) (acres) UNITS (3 personshit) Rural Agricultural RA 8810 2.00 4405 13215 Open Space Residential R80 1167 1.84 I 635 I 1905 Rural Suburban R40 3058 0.92 3330 9990 Suburban Residential R20 1057 0.46 23 02 6906 Semi Urban Residential R12 408 0.28 1482 4446 Mobile Home MH 28 0.28 101 303 Urban Residential UR 170 0.18 925 2775 Village Center vc 47 0.18 254 762 General Business GB 118 0.92 128 3 84 Neighborhood Commercial NC 74 0.92 80 240 Light Industrial LI 3 20 0.92 I 348 I - Light Manufacturing. LM 102 4.00 I 25 ,I - H H Ofice and Laboratow O&L I 267 4.00 I 66 I - H I Total Township I 15627 I 140811 40926 * N * Area associated with one dwelling unit is assumed to be the minimum allowable area for a single family detached dwelling within that individual zoning district. ** Total area is the gross area within each zoning district. LOWER SAUCON TOWS" POPULATION PROJECTION AND REQUTRED RESIDENTIAL DWELLING UNITS January 28,2000
PROJECTED POPULATION AND REQUIRED RESIDENTIAL DWELLING UNITS LVPC * INCREMENTAL INCREMENTAL CUMULATrvE YEAR POPULATION POPULATION RESIDENTIAL ADDITIONAL PROJECTION INCREASE UNITS REQ. UNITS (persons) (persons) (3 persons / unit) REQrJlRED *** 1990 8448 ------"1998 9906 1458 486 --- 2000 9980 74 25 25 2010 11494 1514 505 529 I 20201 13321 I 1827 I 609 I 1138
* Source: Lehigh Valley Planning Commission publication Lehigh VaZZey Profile & Trends, 1999.
** 1998 estimate data provided from the U. S. Bureau of the Census with assistance provided by the ~~. Pennsylvania State Data Center. *** Total number of units required after 1998 to accommodate the projected population increase.
H H H *I W i 1 20000 1 t i PROJECTION BASED ON 1990 TO 1998 BUILDING PERMIT ACTIVITY (330 PERSQNS WAR\ PROJECTE~,RATE (167 PERSONS PER YEAR)
15000
P 0 P 1 U I a (167 PERSONS PER I loo00 v YEAR) 0 I n 1 I
01 1 1960 1970 1980 1990 2Ooo 2010 2020 2030 Year
Population estimated using 2.73 persons per dwelling unit. +BufkMg Pemlit Data' Townshtp Hotding Capauty
Lower Squeon Township Population Projections
I11 - A 4 LOWER SAUCON TOWSHIP AREA AND POPULATION TABLES January 28,2000
BY REMAlNING DEVELOPABLE LAND WITHIN EACH ZONING DISTRICT
H H H I * P Area associated with one dwelling unit is assumed to be the minimum allowable area for a single family detached dwelling within that individual zoning district. cn ** Actual calculation based on individual undeveloped parcels with 30% of the area dedicated to future infrastructure. *** Three (3) persons per unit is an assumed population. I I 111. BESCEU;PTION OF BACK- B. I" The Land Use Planning for the Township is substantially dependent upon Natural Land Characteristics and existing Land Uses. The Natural Characteristics and Existing Land Uses of the Township are shown on various maps attached to this study. The description of these maps is provided in this chapter.
The existing Zoning Map was substantially revised in 1988, but has been amended from time-to-time by Ordinance, since that date. The map enclosed is the "latest" produced map and is dated as amended through Ordinance 94-2, dated September 7, 1994. Ordinances adopting major map changes since 1994 include an expansion of the R-80 District for the School District Tract along Old Mill Road and the addition of a District entitled "Light Manufacturing" north of Applebutter Road.
The Township Base Map for this Comprehensive Plan has been updated to show all of the roads, major road names, parcels and Township boundaries as of July 1, 1999. The Existing Land Use Map shows how each parcel is developed. Single Family Residential (single homes, duplexes), Multi Family Residential (apartments, condominiums), Commercial, Industrial, Public (schools, township offices), Quasi-public (public utilities, volunteer fire stations, churches) and Recreation (golf courses, gun clubs) are the categories that are shaded on the map. Existing residential lots that are much larger than the minimum lot size allowable in the corresponding zoning district has been shown with only a portion of the parcel shaded as developed. A list of the numbered Commercial and Industrial Uses is attached.
General building limitations included on this map are steep slopes (15%-25% and above 25%), floodplains and wetlands as well as soils with severe on-lot septic limitations. The presence of these items do not eliminate the possibility of development, but they represent difficult features for large developments. Areas with steep slopes and soils with severe on-lot septic limitations can be built on if special design considerations are taken into account. Development within floodplains and wetlands is regulated by federal agencies and an onerous permitting process. Building in areas of carbonate geology is not prohibited, however, special consideration should be taken during construction in these areas. The carbonate geology is not on the limitations map but is printed on the Zoning Map. I I11 B - 1 I I B-4 AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND WOODLANDS MAP Prime Agricultural soils are soils with a classification of I, 11, I11 or IV in the Northampton County Soil Survey. Prime Agricultural Soils and woodlands are the natural resources that are not building limitations. However, preservation of these valuable natural resources should be considered in determining which areas of the Township are best suited for development at higher densities.
B-5 NATURAL RESOURCES MAP
Natural resources include Prime Agricultural soils, soils with severe septic limitations, steep slopes (15%-25% and above 25%) woodlands, floodplains and wetlands. Some of these resources represent development limitations and some are valuable natural resources worthy of preservation. All of these resources must be considered when determining the ultimate development potential of the Township. This map can be used and amended or replaced upon the completion of the Natural Resources Study currently being undertaken by the Township. B-6 SEWER AND WATER SERVICE AREAS MAP This map shows the parcels currently serviced by central sewer and by central water. Also shown are major drainage boundaries within the Township. This information should be considered in determining which areas are best suited for more intensive development and which areas are best suited for economic expansion of public sewer and water utilities. B-7 RESIDENTIAL SUBDIVISIONS MAP This map shows all existing single family residential subdivisions with unbuilt lots, recorded but not built subdivisions and subdivisions proposed prior to or on January 10, 2000. A tabulation of all unbuilt lots within each subdivision is included on this map. There are approximately 380 unbuilt lots in existing recorded subdivisions, and approximately 208 lots in proposed subdivisions for a total of 588 potential building lot-s within the Township.
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111. DESCRIPTION OF ADJACENT MUNICIPAL LAND USES AND COMPATIBILITY I WITH TOWNSHIP LAND USES C. WILLIAMS TOWNSHIP: The zoning in Williams Township along the majority of the eastern boundary of Lower Saucon Township is Agricultural. The Uses Permitted By Right in the Agricultural District include single family dwellings, certain agricultural uses and other miscellaneous uses such as campgrounds, golf courses membership clubs, primary and secondary schools, places of worship, etc. Allowable Special Exception uses include recycling collection centers, bed and breakfasts, colleges or universities, kennels and public swimming pools. The maximum density permitted in this district is one (1) dwelling unit per acre. This land use is compatible with the Rural Agriculture Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the maximum density to one half (0.5) of a dwelling unit per acre. The densities vary slightly, however the permitted uses are very similar. Another zoning district in Williams Township along the Lower Saucon Township border is the General Industrial District. The Uses Permitted By Right in the General Industrial District include offices, packaging and manufacturing plants of various types, auto service stations, hotels and motels, colleges, universities and trade schools, lumber yards, betting parlors and exercise clubs. Allowable Special Exception Uses include additional manufacturing plants, mineral extraction, junkyards, airports and heliports and criminal treatment centers. Conditional Uses in the General Industrial District include emergency service stations, sanitary landfills, incinerators and transfer stations and resource recycling facilities. The maximum density permitted in this district is 1.09 industrial uses per acre.
This land use is not extremely compatible with the Rural Agriculture Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the maximum density to 0.5 dwelling units per acre. The General Industrial District in Williams Township borders two very small portions of Lower Saucon Township with one in the area of Interstate 78. However, the permitted uses conflict with the residential and agricultural uses in Lower Saucon. The third Zoning District in Williams Township adjacent to Lower Saucon Township is the Special Conservation District. This area is located along the Lehigh River. Uses Permitted By Right include farming, golf courses, public recreation, and membership clubs. Special Exception Uses include single family dwellings, home occupations and bed and breakfasts. A Municipal sewage treatment plant is the only Conditional Use. The maximum density permitted in this district is one (1) use per acre.
I I11 c - 1 I I This land use is compatible with the Rural Agriculture Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the I maximum density to one half (0.5) of a dwelling unit per acre. The maximum permitted densities vary slightly, however the permitted uses are more restrictive in I Williams Township. UPPER SAUCON TOWNSHIP: I The zoning in Upper Saucon Township along the southern most western boundary with Lower Saucon Township is the R-1, Rural Residential District. Permitted Uses include animal husbandry, I crop farming, greenhouses, wildlife preservation and single family dwellings. The maximum density permitted in this district is one (1) dwelling per acre. I This land use is very compatible with the Rural Suburban Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the I maximum density to 1.09 dwelling units per acre. The zoning district in Upper Saucon Township in the area of Route 78 adjacent to Lower Saucon Township is the R-2, Suburban Residential District. Permitted Uses include animal husbandry, I crop farming, greenhouses, wildlife preservation, single family dwellings, government structure or facility, bed and breakfasts and boarding houses and family day care and group day care I homes. Conditional Uses include museums, art galleries, libraries, cemeteries, educational uses, community centers, recreational facilities, golf courses, emergency services I station, church, day care center and single family and two family detached dwellings. Special Exception Uses include single family and multi-family (up to 3 families) dwelling units, mobile homes, home offices and occupations, community I living arrangements and forest management. The maximum density permitted in this district is 2.18 dwelling units per acre. I This land use is not in conflict with the General Business Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the maximum density to 1.09 dwelling units per acre.
I The zoning district between the R-1 and the R-2 districts in Upper Saucon Township along the Lower Saucon southwestern border is the R-4, Open Space Residential District. Permitted uses I include animal husbandry, crop farming, greenhouses, wildlife preservation, single family dwellings, township operated sanitary utilities, Township government structures, turf farms, non-commercial windmills, and family day care and group day care I homes. Conditional Uses include recreation facilities, golf courses, emergency services stations, churches and day care 'centers. Special Exception Uses include riding academies, home I offices and occupations and forest management. The maximum density permitted in this district is 0.33 dwelling units per 1 acre.
I I11 c - 2 I I This land use is compatible with the Rural Suburban and I the Open Space Residential Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which limit maximum densities to 1-09 and 0.55 dwelling units per acre (respectively). The South Mountain Conservation District in Upper Saucon Township is located along the westernmost portion of the boundary with Lower Saucon Township. Permitted Uses include horticultural activities, wildlife preservation, cemeteries, single family dwellings and family day care and group day care homes. Conditional Uses include communication facilities and windmills. Special Exception Uses include recreational facilities and forest management. There are no minimum lot sizes specified, but due to building coverage and building setback requirements the approximate minimum density is 0.39 dwelling units per acre. This land use is compatible with the Rural Suburban Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the maximum density to 1.09 dwelling units per acre. SALISBURY TOWNSHIP: The southern portion of the eastern boundary of Salisbury Township with Lower Saucon Township is the Conservation- Residential District. Permitted Uses include crop farming, single family dwellings, group homes, golf courses, plant nurseries, cemeteries, places of worship, schools, township owned uses and recreational facilities. Special Exception Uses include bed and breakfasts, communication'towers, recreation areas, stables, family day care home, membership clubs, emergency services center and public swimming pools. The maximum density permitted in this district is one half (0.5) of a dwelling unit per acre. This land use is compatible with the Rural Suburban Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the maximum density to 1.09 dwelling units per acre. The zoning district bordered by the Conservation-Residential District, Fountain Hill Township and Lower Saucon Township is the Low Density Residential District. Permitted uses include crop farming, single family dwellings, planned residential developments, group homes, golf courses, plant nurseries, cemeteries, places of worship, schools, township owned uses, recreational facilities and U.S. Postal Service Facilities. Special Exception uses include Bed and Breakfasts, recreation areas, family day care home, emergency services center and public swimming pools. The maximum density permitted in this district is 3.63 dwelling units per acre. This land use is very compatible with the Rural Suburban and Semi-urban Residential Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which limit maximum densities to 1-09 and 3.63 dwelling units per acre (respectively).
I11 c - 3 I BOROUGH OF FOUNTAIN HILL: I The zoning district bounded by Salisbury Township and Lower Saucon Township is the Low Density Residential District. Permitted By Right Uses include single family dwellings, 1 churches, essential utilities, recreation facilities and communication towers and facilities. Special Exception Permitted Uses include home offices and occupations, forestry uses and educational institutions. The maximum density permitted in this district is one (1) dwelling unit per acre. This land use is compatible with the Semi-urban Residential Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the maximum density to 3.63 dwelling units per acre. The Medium Density Residential District covers about half of the border between the Borough of Fountain Hill and Lower Saucon Township. Permitted By Right Uses include single family dwellings, single family semi-detached dwellings, churches, essential utilities, educational institutions and communication towers and facilities. Uses Permitted by Condition include modular or sectional dwellings. Uses Permitted by Special Exception include the conversion of a single family dwelling into two or three dwelling units, governmental uses and home office and home occupational uses. The maximum density permitted in this district is 12.45 dwelling units per acre. This land use is compatible with the Semi-urban Residential Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the maximum density to 3.63 dwelling units per acre. A small portion of the northwest corner of the boundary between the Borough of Fountain Hill and Lower Saucon Township is the Medium High Density Residential District. Permitted By Right Uses include single family dwellings, multi-family dwellings, churches, essential utilities, educational facilities and communication towers and facilities. Uses Permitted by Condition are modular or sectional dwellings. Uses Permitted by Special Exception include the conversion of a single family dwelling into two or more dwelling units, governmental uses, home office and home occupational uses, day care centers, rooming houses, clubs, nursing homes, funeral homes and professional offices. The maximum density permitted in this district is 14.52 dwelling units per acre. This land use is compatible with the Semi-urban Residential Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township. However, the maximum permitted density in the Borough is much greater than that in the Township which limits the maximum density to 3.63 dwelling units per acre.
I I11 c - 4 1 I CITY OF BETHLEHEM: I Small portions of the boundaries between Lower Saucon Township and the City of Bethlehem are Residential Districts. The R-R district in the City of Bethlehem adjacent to Lower Saucon is west of Hellertown along the Saucon Creek. Permitted By Right Uses include single family dwellings, public parks and playgrounds, farming, roadside stands and utilities without generating machinery. Conditional Uses include single family detached dwellings, community centers, libraries and other municipal buildings including police and fire stations. Special Exception Uses include educational institutions, churches, cemeteries, conversions, commercial greenhouses and nurseries, and residential treatment facilities. The maximum density permitted in this district is 2.90 dwelling units per acre. This land use is compatible with the Open Space Residential, Rural Suburban and Semi-urban Residential Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which limit maximum densities to 1.09 and 3.63 dwelling units per acre (respectively). The remaining residential areas are in the R-G District. Permitted By Right Uses include any use permitted in the R-R District as well as boarding houses and single family attached dwellings. Conditional Uses include multiple family dwellings, planned unit developments and any uses permitted in the R-R District except single family detached dwellings. Special Exception Uses include undertaking establishments, child day care centers, home occupations, bed and breakfast homes, home professional offices and any uses permitted in the R-R District. The maximum density permitted in this district is 6.70 dwelling units per acre. This land use is compatible with the Rural Agricultural, Semi-urban Residential and Light Manufacturing Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which limit maximum densities to 1.09, 2.18 and 1.09 dwelling units or uses per acre (respectively). Approximately one third of the northwestern boundaries between Lower Saucon Township and the City of Bethlehem is the Institutional (private) District. Permitted By Right Uses include public parks and recreation areas, and commercial communication towers. Conditional Uses include Schools, colleges, seminaries, hospitals, nursing homes and other health care facilities, churches and other religious institutions, housing associated with an institution, professional (medical) office buildings, theaters, auditoriums, museums and libraries. The only special exception use is a cemetery. The maximum density permitted in this district is 0.2 Institutional uses per acre.
I I11 c - 5 I I This land use is compatible with the Office and Laboratory Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the II maximum density to 0.25 uses per acre.
Office Research Center District covers approximately one quarter of the boundary between Lower Saucon Township and the City of Bethlehem. Permitted By Right Uses include laboratories, office and lecture hall buildings, libraries, testing structures, pilot plants, warehouses and storage facilities, garages, living quarters for personnel and families and communication towers and facilities. A planned office commercial development is a Conditional Use. There are no special exception uses permitted in this district. The maximum density permitted in this district is 0.1 Office Research Center use per acre.
This land use is very compatible with the Office and Laboratory and the Semi-urban Residential Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which limit maximum densities to 0.25 and 2.18 uses or dwelling units per acre (respectively). A Heavy Industrial District is located north of I 78 and south of the Lehigh River, east of Hellertown. Permitted By Right Uses include: research laboratories and testing facilities, office facilities related to an industrial use, printing and publishing establishments, medical processing and packaging plants, food processing and light metal processing plants, bottling and packaging establishments, dwelling quarters for employees, personal service centers, recreational facilities for employees associated with the industrial use, public recreation areas, public utilities, garages and service stations, motor vehicle sales and service, various municipal uses, municipal incineration facilities, several manufacturing, storage and distribution uses (including open space scrap or junk yards) and communication towers and facilities. There are no uses that require Conditional Approval. Special Exception Uses must be a use of the same general character as the permitted uses. There is no maximum density specified for this district. This land use is not in conflict with the Light Manufacturing or Light Industrial Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which both limit maximum densities to 1.09 uses per acre. The Heavy Industrial uses however, are not compatible with the residential uses in the Rural Agricultural and Rural Suburban Districts in Lower Saucon Township which limit maximum densities to 0.5 and 1.09 dwelling units per acre (respectively).
111 C - 6 I I Portions of Hellertown bordering Lower Saucon Township are in the Conservation District. Permitted uses include fire stations, public outdoor recreation areas, tree nurseries and municipal buildings or facilities. Special Exception Uses include private non-profit outdoor recreation areas. The maximum density permitted in this district is one (1) permitted use per acre.
This land use is compatible with the Rural Suburban, Suburban Residential and Urban Residential Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which limit maximum densities to 1.09, 2.18 and 5.45 dwelling units per acre (respectively). Approximately half of the boundary between the Borough of Hellertown and Lower Saucon Township is in the R-1, Residential District. Permitted uses include Public outdoor recreation areas, single family dwellings and single family semi-detached dwellings. Special Exception Uses include conversion of dwelling units into apartments, home occupations and home offices, schools, churches and other places of worship and private non-profit outdoor recreation areas. The maximum density permitted in this district is 17.42 dwelling units per acre.
This land use is compatible with the Rural Agricultural and the Semi-urban Residential Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township. However, the maximum densities in the Borough are much greater than that in the Township which limits maximum densities to 1.09 and 3.63 dwelling units per acre (respectively).
The most southern portion of the Borough of Hellertown where it borders Lower Saucon Township is the R-2, Residential District. Permitted Uses include agriculture uses, cemeteries, multi- family dwellings, public outdoor recreational areas, single family attached dwellings (townhouses), single family detached dwellings, and single family semi-detached dwellings (duplexes). Special Exception Uses include the conversion of dwelling units into apartments, home occupations and home offices, membership clubs, mobile home parks, group care and family care facilities, schools, churches and places of worship, housing for the elderly and private non-profit outdoor recreation areas. The maximum density permitted in this district is 18.15 dwelling units per acre. This land use is very compatible with the Semi-urban and Urban Residential Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which limit maximum densities to 3.63 and 5.45 dwelling units per acre (respectively).
I11 c - 7 A small portion of the southern boundary of the Borough of Hellertown with Lower Saucon Township is the Shopping Center District. Permitted Uses include retail stores, restaurants, personal service stores, general servicing or repair shops, business offices or office buildings, professional or medical offices, banks, commercial recreational areas, shopping centers, commercial schools, bus or taxi stations and public utility buildings or facilities. Special Exception Uses include fast food restaurants, drive-in restaurants, drive-in bank or automatic teller devices, motorized vehicle repair shops, gas stations and automobile or motorized vehicle sales facilities. The maximum density permitted in this district is 2.18 permitted uses per acre. This land use is compatible with the Rural Suburban and General Business Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which both limit the maximum density to 1.09 dwelling units per acre.
GH OF -:
The strip of land adjacent to the Lehigh River in the Borough of Freemansburg is the Special Conservation District. Permitted Uses include outdoor recreation areas, tree nurseries and commercial forests. There are no special exception uses. The maximum density permitted in this district is one (1) permitted use per acre.
This land use is compatible and is across the Lehigh River from the Suburban Residential Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the maximum density to 2.18 dwelling units per acre.
BETHLEHEM:
The area to the north of Lower Saucon Township, across the Lehigh River, is in the Conservation and Recreation District. This land use is compatible with the Rural Agricultural Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township which limits the maximum density to 1.09 dwelling units per acre.
The northeastern portion of the area adjacent to Lower Saucon Township is in the Watershed District. Permitted Uses include agriculture, nurseries, single family detached dwellings, family day care centers, recreational vehicles, and residential accessory structures. Conditional Uses include forestry and schools. Special Exception Uses include kennels, community / group homes, recreational facilities and community homes, bed and breakfasts, utility operating facilities, accessory apartment for family members and home occupations. The maximum density permitted in this district is 0.1 permitted uses per acre.
111 C - 8 I This land use is not in conflict with the Rural Agricultural Zoning District in Lower Saucon Township I which limits the maximum density to 1.09 dwelling units or uses per acre. The middle portion of the area adjacent to Lower Saucon Township is in the Agricultural District. Permitted Uses include agriculture, greenhouses and nurseries, riding academy / boarding stable, dispersed residential development, single family detached dwellings and clusters, cemeteries, family day care centers, recreational vehicles, residential accessory structures. Conditional uses include forestry, single family detached dwellings, schools and veterinary offices. Special Exceptions include kennels, agricultural support services and retail, community / group homes, community home land development, municipal facilities, bed and breakfasts, utility operating facilities, accessory apartments for family members, and home occupations. The maximum density permitted in this district is 1.33 permitted uses per acre.
This land use is compatible with the Rural Agricultural and Suburban Residential Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which limit maximum densities to 0.5 and 1.09 dwelling units or uses per acre (respectively).
The most southern portion of the area adjacent to Lower Saucon Township is in the Rural Residential District. Permitted Uses include agriculture, accessory agricultural sales, single family detached dwellings and clusters, subdivisions of large lots, cemeteries, golf courses, family day care centers, recreational vehicle and residential accessory structures. Conditional Uses include forestry, greenhouses, nurseries, riding academies / boarding stables and schools. Special Exception Uses include kennels, community / group homes and halfway houses, municipal facilities, places of worship, private organizations, recreational facilities and community centers, bed and breakfasts, utility operating facilities, accessory apartment for family members, and home occupations. The maximum density permitted in this district is 1.33 permitted uses per acre.
This land use is compatible with the Suburban Residential Zoning Districts in Lower Saucon Township which limits the maximum density to 1.09 dwelling units per acre.
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I I11 c - 9 I I11 NATURAL RESOURCES PLANNING
D. The Township Planning Commission reviewed the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission Natural Resources Study, the Township Base Maps attached to this report and various comments from the Citizen's Questionnaire and the citizen's input, with regard to natural resources planning.
At the recommendation of the Planning Commission, the Township Council is retaining special consultants to study natural resources in the Township in more detail. As part of this evaluation and study, however, certain minimum natural resources planning goals and objectives have been prepared by the Planning Commission and are provided in Section I1 B of this report.
As soon as the in depth natural resources study is complete, it is anticipated that this section of the Comprehensive Plan will be expanded and amended. The goals and objectives for protection of natural resources may be amended as a result of this additional study.
It is anticipated that this additional study will be completed in the year 2000 or early in the year 2001.
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IIID -1 I I I11 DESCRIPTION OF SPECIAL PROTECTION AND WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS WITH MAPPING
E. The Planning Commission evaluated various watersheds within the Township and well protection areas, mapped by the Borough of Hellertown, with the assistance of Hanover Engineering.
As a result of this evaluation, the maps for public water supply "watersheds" for the Borough of Hellertown and Springtown Township are provided and incorporated as special maps with this chapter.
Also, wellhead protection areas delineated by the Borough of Hellertown are also provided by way of maps attached to this chapter.
The Planning Commission recommends that certain goals and objectives be established for the protection of public water supplies for both surface water and ground water. General goals and specific objectives are recommended for protection of these waters and are outlined in Chapter I1 B of this Plan.
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IIIE -1 I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I TTTE - 6 I I
I I
YALE I3W -
.,... . "...... ,,. . Compiled by 0. E. MacLACHLAN. 1976 ALLENTOWN EAST IIIE - 7
I
I 111. PESCRIPTION OF RO- P AND TRAFFIC CQklDUIONS F. The Land Use Plan described the desirable future pattern of land use in our Township. Roads and highways will I influence whether this plan can be achieved because they generally determine the general direction of growth and because they often influence the location of commercial, I industrial and residential development. The Plan for circulation and the Land Use Map were prepared realizing that both plans must be compatible if 1 they are to be carried out. Three other important reasons exist in planning circulation routes: I provide safe movements of traffic within and through Lower Saucon without excessive delay or congestion;
0 provide easy access to all parts of our Township and I to areas outside our boundaries; and provide a road and highway network that fits I harmoniously into the overall development pattern of the Township. I The street and highway classification system on the following page shows different classes of roads and highways needed to I efficiently and safely move traffic in our Township. Many of the design standards for the roads will be virtually impossible to achieve, but they serve as a guide for making improvements to I existing roads and for constructing new roads. Interstate 78
I 1-78 runs through the Township but at this time no interchanges are proposed in the Township. The nearest local access to 1-78 is at Route 412 in Hellertown and at Route 309 in Upper Saucon I Township. In 1984, Township Council commissioned an ad-hoc committee to study the feasibility and desirability of an 1-78 interchange on Route 378. The committee recommended no I interchange. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation is currently constructing a link between 1-78 and Route 33 North to the I Poconos. This link is being constructed at the East end of the Township, near the Williams Township line. It is anticipated that this Route 33 link will encourage north-south traffic from I the area north east of Coopersburg to travel through the Township to the Route 412 entrance to 1-78 on the way to and from the Nazareth, North Easton, and Pocono Area. Currently this traffic uses Route 378 to reach Route 22 and Route 22 to I reach Route 33. The Township proposes and plans no local access to this Route 33, 1-78 interchange area. I I11 F - 1 I I
The study of this traffic load is beyond the Scope of this Plan. I Upon initial research with the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission and the Department of Transportation (PennDOT), no traffic I studies addressing this issue were found. It is probable that this traffic impact will add traffic loads to Apple Church Road to Route 412, Saucon Valley Road to Bingen, Friedensville and Route 412, and Black River Road to Bingen, I Friedensville and Route 412.
Typical design criteria for various functional classifications I of roads is provided in this chapter. Also, typical capacity levels for various widths of roads is listed with a list of approximate traffic volumes on certain key I roads in the Township. Major Arterial
Existing Route 378 is shown as a major arterial highway, linking Route 309 with Bethlehem and the City of Bethlehem spur route to Route 22. Route 412 is also shown as a major arterial, although its existing function is more of a minor arterial. Minor Arterial and Collectors
These two types of roads hold the key to the successful movement of traffic within our township. Easton Road, and Friedensville Road are Minor Arterials because of their importance in linking the Township and Hellertown with municipalities to the east and to the west of Lower Saucon. I The following roads are designated Collectors: Applebutter Road I Apples Church Road Bingen Road Black River Road Flint Hill Road I Hickory Hill Road Lower Saucon Road Meadows Road I Mountain Drive (North and South) Polk Valley Road (Route 412 to Reservoir Road) Reservoir Road (Polk Valley to Wassergass) Riverside Drive (to the Hillclimb) I Saucon Valley Road Seidersville Road Skibo Road I Wassergass Road I I I11 F - 2 I correc+i- The Police Reports identify dangerous intersections and other traffic hazards within Lower Saucon. Through remedial planning and design efforts, these driving hazards can gradually be alleviated. A typical photo of an accident Location Map is included in this chapter.
Bus services is not provided in Lower Saucon Township at the present time. With the intensive development which has occurred west of Hellertown, the feasibility of extending service from the Borough into these areas should be explored. Interim service is being provided from Hellertown to the Saucon Square Shopping Center. It is recommended that this service be continued if it is being utilized by Borough residents. STREET AND HIGHWAY FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS AND DESIGN CRITERIA
LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP
Right-of-Way Number and Number and Width Classification Function Access Width Width of of Parking Lanes Cartwa Traffic Lines or Shoulder Width
EXPRESSWAY Provide rapid movement (50-55 mph) of Limited 120 ' plus 4 @ 12' Parking 68' large volumes of traffic between access; grade- median Prohibited municipalities, regions and major separated regional traffic generators. interchanges only. @ 12' 40'-64' MAJOR ARTERIAL Carry medium to heavy volumes of Controlled 80-120' 2-4 lanes Parking traffic at moderately high speeds (40- access; at- Prohibited 50 mph) and provide access to regional grade public traffic generators. street intersections spaced a minimum of 500' apart.
MINOR ARTERIAL Move medium volumes of traffic at Controlled 60'-80' 2 e 12' 2 @ 8' 40' comparatively slower speeds (25-45 mph) access; at- to Major Arterials and provide for grade public traffic movement through street municipalities. intersections spaced a minimum of 200' apart. @ @ 8' 30 '-44 ' COLLECTORS Provide connections between Arterial Controlled 60' 2 11'-14' 2 and Local Streets and carry moderate driveway volumes of traffic (25-35 mphj. access. @ 30'-40' LOCALS Provide direct access to abutting Controlled 50' 2 11'-12' 1-2 @8' properties and channel local traffic to driveway collector streets (20-30 mph). access.
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I11 F - 4 I
LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP I ROADWAY AND TRAFFIC STANDARDS February 7, 2000 I Local Roads Collector Roads I 2' Shoulders, 18' Travelway VI 2' Shoulders, 20' Travelway Speed ADT* Speed ADT Terrain: Level 30 < 50 Terrain: Level 40 <50 Rolling 20 < 50 Rolling 30 <50
I1 2' Shoulders, 20' Travelway VI1 4' Shoulders, 20' Travelway Speed ADT Speed ADT Terrain: Level 30 < 50 Terrain : Level 40 51-400t Rolling 20 < 50 Rolling 30 51-400
I11 4' Shoulders, 18' Travelway Speed ADT Terrain: Level 30 51-250 Rolling 30 51-250
IV 4' Shoulders, 20' Travelway Speed ADT Terrain: Level 40 251-400 Rolling 30 251-400
* Average Daily Traffic from PennDOT Publication 70, Guidelines for the Design of Streets, August 1990.
Typical Road Name ADT Black River Road 4230 Friedensville Road 7800 Main Street (Route 412) 10580 Meadows Road 4510 Polk Valley Road 1120 Route 378 16000 Seidersville Road 2670
Note: ADT's estimated from traffic studies provided to the Township
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I11 F - 5 I I
I11 DESCRIPTION OF LIMITATIONS OF PUBLIC UTILITIES FOR SEWER AND WATER
G. Hanover Engineering presented a summary of the limitations on sewage treatment capacity and water supplies in public sewer and public water service areas within the Township. Attached to this chapter are outlines describing these capacity limits with "pie charts" describing the capacity and committed allocations of this capacity.
The Lower Saucon Authority is developing plans for increasing the available capacity for both the sewer and water systems, but these plans are not yet finalized sufficiently for incorporation into this Plan.
It should be noted that the available capacity at the City of Bethlehem Treatment Plant, according to the Intermunicipal Agreement with the-City of Bethlehem, is eight hundred and forty-five thousand gallons per day (845,000 GPD) rather than the six hundred fifty-four thousand nine hundred gallons per day (654,900 GPD) listed on the attached chart. The lower figure is based upon the original contract, but recent treatment plant expansions have allowed an increase in capacity for Lower Saucon Township.
Although, the Township has requested the City to verify, in writing, that this additional capacity is available, the City has not provided written confirmation of this capacity adjustment, as of the time of this Plan.
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IIIG -1 I PUBLIC SEWAGE CAPACITY OUTLINE I LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP I 1. Available Capacity at Bethlehem Treatment Plant 654,900GPD I 2. Existing Average Daily Flows -250,000GPD GPD I 3. Flow Available for Future Use 404,900 4. Projected Flows from Approved Developments (from Twp 537 Plan Update for Meadows Road Pump Station I - 1998) -137,000GPD I 5. Unallocated Flow Available 267,900GPD 6. Recommended Allocation to Hold for Future Customers in Existing Neighborhoods of “High Needs” - I from Past Studies. - See Attached Tabulation -204,750GPD
I 7. Net Available Capacity for New Developments 63,150GPD
8. Tentative Allocation Granted to the Meadows Subdivision I (50 EDUs X 250 gpd) - 12,500GPD I 9. Net Available for Future Development or “Fill-In” 51,150GPD
Equivalent Dwellings I 51.150 aDd 250 gpd/EDU - 205 I Equivalent Additional Population I 205 x 2.73 persons/EDU = 560 persons
June 15,2000 I D:\LS-cahVS99-14CornpPlan\CapacityOutline.wpd-cah I HEA Project LS99-14 Ill G - 2 February 7,2000 I I I TABULATION OF SEWER NEEDS IN EXISTING NEIGHBORHOODS
I LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP
I EX1STI NG F ILL-I N TOTAL NAME OF AREA EDU’S EDU’S EDU’S
I 1. Along existing sewer lines 0 40 40
I 2. Steel City 220 15 235
I 3. Applebutter Road 50 20 70 I 4. Bingen Area 180 20 200 I 5. Leithsville 75 0 75 10 70 I 6. Hellertown Park 60 7. Friedensville Road and Meadows Road North I 22 0 22 8. Evergreen Drive, Black River Road West I Area 24 0 24 I 9. 378 South to Colesville Road 13 0 13 IO. Easton Road, Cherry Lane to Ringhoffer I Road 30 0 30
11. East of Hellertown 1 (Green Pine Lane, Wirth Road area) 40 0 40 I TOTAL OF EDU’S 819 X 250 GPD/Edu TOTAL AVERAGE DAILY FLOW 204,750 I GPD
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I HEA Project LS99-14 Ill G - 3 February 7,2000 I I
I PUBLIC SEWAGE CAPACITY CHART LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP
50,650 GPD
UNALLOCATE D OPEN- 1
250,,000 GPD XI SIING FLOW 1999
137,000 GPD ACT 537 APPROVED MEADOWS AREA
TOTAL AVAILABLE = 654,900GPD
LS99-14 2-7-2000
IIIG - 4 I
I PUBLIC WATER CAPACITY OUTLINE I LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP
I 1. Available Capacity from City of Bethlehem 571,000 GPD I 2. Existing Average Daily Flows 431,500 GPD I 3. Flow Available for Future Use 139,500 GPD 4. Projected Flows from Approved Developments -100,7500 GPD I 5. Unallocated Flow Available 38,750 GPD
I 6. Recommended Allocation to Hold for Future Customers in Existing Neighborhoods of “High Needs” - from Past Studies. I Mary Ellen Home 6,250 GPD Leithsville, Apples Church 23,750 GPD -300.000 GPD I 7. Net Available Capacity for New Developments 8,750 GPD 8. Tentative Allocation Granted to the Meadows Subdivision I (50 EDUs X 250 gpd) - 12,500 GPD 9. Net Available for Future Development or “Fill-In” -3,750 GPD I NOTE: The Lower Saucon Authority requested on February 18, I999 additional capacity from the City of Bethlehem to provide service for Item 6 and I future projected needs. I I
I February 7,2000 A:VS-cah\LS99-14CornpPlan\WaterCapacityoutline.wpd-cah I I HEA Project LS99-14 February 7,2000 I IIIG - 5 PUBLIC WATER CAPACITY CHART LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP
26,251 GPD AVAILABLE FOR HIGH NEED AREAS 12,500 GPD DEVELOPMENTS IN7
100, DEVELC C ONS'
GF 'D FL -ow 9
TOTAL AVAILABLE = 571,000 GPD
1 LS99-14 I 2-7-2000
IIIG - 6 IV. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
INTRODUCTION The various studies and evaluations incorporated in the Comprehensive Plan provide a foundation for establishing Goals and Objectives for the Township. The Goals and Objectives resulting from these background studies are provided in a separate Chapter. In order for the goals to be met, the Township should move forward to satisfy the objectives within the goal.
In order to implement the Comprehensive Plan Recommendations, certain Township tasks would have to be undertaken. This Chapter provides an outline of some of the Key Tasks that should be undertaken in order to implement the objectives of the Comprehensive Plan, and move toward meeting the goals of the Comprehensive Plan. This Implementation Chapter is divided into various categories of implementation tasks as listed below: A. Land Use Ordinances; B. New and/or modified Ordinances; C. Establishing Budget Goals; D. Cooperation with School District and adjacent Municipalities; E. Establish Open Space and Recreation Goals; F. Establish Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Audit Program.
A. LAND USE ORDINANCES (ZONING)
In order to meet the Environmental Protection Goals and Land Use Goals of the Comprehensive Plan, the Township Zoning Map and the Zoning Ordinance should be amended as soon as possible. An outline of the key recommended map and text amendments is provided below:
Zoning Map Changes
ZM-1: Delete the Neighborhood Commercial (NC) District
These Zoning Districts and Zoning Categories were established in the 1970's and 1980's in order to provide for small pockets of commercial development to serve various villages throughout the Township. In the past ten (10) years it has become evident that these zoning categories are not used, and if they were used to their fullest extent the land use pattern permitted in these zones would be detrimental to the residential character of the surrounding area and would provide substantial burdens to a road system which is already burdened with heavy traffic conditions. Additionally, full
IVA-1 I
development of these zones would create commercial I driveways in close proximity to one another and in close proximity to major intersections. Both of these conditions would create traffic safety problems and 1 additional congestion.
ZM-2: Divide General Business (GB) District into a GB-1 and a GB-2
I The existing lot sizes within the existing GB Zone vary from large parcels of approximately eight (8) acres or more down to very small parcels with narrow road I frontages of less than 100 feet. The larger parcels are suitable for shopping center type of development with controlled access at one (1) location or limited locations, but individual smaller lots are not suitable for high intensity traffic generating commercial properties. Even if smaller parcels were combined into one (1) parcel, the parcel size and depth would not be suitable for modern commercial centers with desirable setbacks from the arterial roads and desirable setbacks from adjacent zoning district.
Therefore, the GB Zone should be divided into a section suitable for large lot development and another section with very limited permitted uses for the smaller lot areas. The properties currently known as Saucon Square and proposed Creekside Marketplace should remain in the GB-1 Zone. All other properties should be rezoned to the proposed GB-2.
ZM-3: General Business (GB) District Limitations - Route 412
After careful consideration of the traffic volumes and traffic speeds on Route 412 south of Hellertown, and after evaluation of the typical lot sizes for existing properties south of Hellertown, it is recommended the GB Zone (even if divided to GB-1 and GB-2) should be limited to the southern boundary line of the proposed Creek Side Marketplace.
IVA-2 I
I The Mary Ellen Nursing Home property and properties south of that point should be rezoned to the adjacent R-40 Zoning District category. This rezoning will minimize the problem that would be created by multiple 1 points of driveway access to Route 412 if properties are converted from residential to non-residential uses.
Also this conversion will allow for a better transition from the business character of Hellertown to the residential and rural character and land uses within Lower Saucon Township.
llaue Center WC) DistGkct Land Uses
The range of permitted uses within the Village Center Zone should be evaluated and the uses that would create high volumes of traffic should be removed from the Zoning District. Specifically, Retail Uses, Bank Uses, Beverage Distribution Centers, and similar uses should be deleted from this District.
The Zoning District should continue to encourage residential utilization of existing properties and conversions to limited non-residential uses such as doctors' offices, and restaurants with strictly limited maximum square footage size requirements.
The Village Center area has been essentially developed with small lots and many residential properties. Creation.of large commercial facilities, even through the combination of smaller lots, would be out of character to the neighborhood and create traffic volumes along roads that are unsuitable for high traffic volume.
After a thorough review of soil conditions, slope conditions, forest and farm land conditions, a review of available agricultural resource land within the Township and a review of land configurations, it is proposed that the RA Zoning District Boundary in the southeast portion of the Township be extended along Route 412 on both sides of Route 412 from the eastern boundary line of the Saddle Ridge Subdivision to the Township boundary with Springfield Township. These areas are currently zoned for R-40 Zone. The RA Zoning District regulations would be more compatible with surrounding Township Land Use patterns, would be more suitable for protection of the special protection "Cooks Creek Watershed" and would be more protective of existing agricultural practices.
IVA-3 I
I ZM-6: Rural/Agricultural (RA) District - Apples Church Road After a review of the soil conditions, slope conditions, adjacent land uses, and potential future availability for public sewer or public water and a review of road access conditions, it has been determined that the land south of Route 412 between Flint Hill Road and Apples I Church Road should be zoned for Rural Agricultural Land Uses.
Current zoning in this area is R-40 Zoning District 1 would encourage single family residential development rather than preservation of agricultural practices and respect the limitations resulting from road I accessibility and utility availability. The mountainous and wooded areas of this portion of the Township are similar to the mountainous and wooded areas I of the eastern portion of the Township and it is therefore proposed that the zoning be amended to be similar to the RA Zoning District Land Uses allowed in I the eastern portion of the Township. ZM-7: Open Space Residential (R-80) District - Meadows Road
I After a careful review of the existing and potential traffic on Meadows Road south of Friedensville Road and north of Skibo Road, and after a review of adjacent Land I Uses and land configuration, it is proposed that approximately thirty (30) acres of open land, west of Society Hill, north of Skibo Road and east of Meadows c Road, be zoned R-80 for residential lots of 80,000 square feet or more in size.
While this land is located in a residential area and has I the availability of public sewer and public water, it is limited in its development potential by the following I factors : a. Adjacent to two (2) hard bends in Meadows Road. b. Significant road frontage along Meadows Road, a I heavily traveled Collector Road. c. Traversed by drainage swale for stormwater from I Meadows Road easterly and northerly. Proper buffering and rear yard setback should be provided along the high density zoning district boundary I and reverse frontage should be required for residential lots abutting Meadows Road. I I IVA-4 1 Additional driveways should be limited, i.e. restricted from access to Meadows Road, and driveway access should be made available internal to the property being developed. In light of these above referenced restrictions and limitations, the area would be more properly developed as 80,000-square-foot building lots rather than the 20,000-square-foot building lots allowed by current zoning. After careful review of the existing potential traffic on Meadow Road south of Skibo Road, it is recommended that the property between Meadows Road and the Saucon Creek south of the Meadow Ridge Subdivision be rezoned from R-20 to R-80. This area is sloped toward the Saucon Creek and wooded. Also this area has limited access to Meadows Road. Meadows Road is becoming overloaded with traffic, and future access points to Meadows Road should be limited. It is also noted that Meadows Road from Skibo Road to Route 412 should be revised from a Local Street category to a Collector Street category to recognize the existing and potential future additional traffic being carried by this road.
ZM-8: Rural Suburban Residential (R-40) District - Hellertown Raubsville Road
The R-40 District east of Hellertown and south of Hellertown/Raubsville Road and north of Route 1-78 should be studied in approximately five (5) to ten (10) years. Currently this area is developed with homes and cemeteries. It is noted that in the future, it may be appropriate to rezone this area to allow for limited office development within the residential neighborhood to allow conversion of land uses.
This conversion would be reasonable because of the proximity of the industrial land uses in the City of Bethlehem on the north side of Hellertown/Raubsville Road and because of the proximity of this area to 1-78.
ZM-9: Urban Residential (UR) District - Polk Vallev Road
After careful evaluation of existing land uses between Polk Valley Run and the R-12 Zone north and south of the UR District, and after consideration of the capacity of Polk Valley Road for vehicle traffic, and after consideration of the Environmental Protection Requirements desirable for protection of the Polk Valley Run, the Zoning District entitled UR should be deleted in its entirety in this area and this area should be zoned R-12.
IVA-5 The R-12 Zone still allows for a mix of residential uses, but at a density somewhat less than permitted in the UR District Regulations.
ZM-10 :
After reviewing the Regional Comprehensive Plan Goals and Zoning Ordinance of other communities in the Lehigh Valley it is determined to be important to protect and preserve the wooded areas of South Mountain.
The Land Use classifications of Office and Laboratory (0 & L) should be deleted in this area and this area should be planned as Residential-Agricultural (R-A) Area.
ZONING TEXT CHANGES
ZT-1: Watershed and Wellhead Protection Overlav Realations
The Zoning Ordinance and the Zoning Map should be amended to show the extent of watershed land within the Township that provides aquifer support to the Springfield Township Public Water System and Hellertown Borough Authority Public Water System. Such overlay regulations and mapped district should provide for reasonable wellhead protection regulations and similar restrictions for watershed areas that contribute to surface water or spring water public water supplies.
ZT-2: RiDarian Corridor Conservation Buffers
Provide specific regulations for properties abutting streams to provide for protection of natural stream side vegetation, and restrict application of chemicals, fertilization, or herbicides.
These regulations should also provide for a minimum setback between the stream and the tilling of soil for farmland utilization.
ZT-3: Agricultural Land Use Regulations
Regulations should be established to provide a distinction between various levels and types of agricultural land uses. These various types of agricultural uses should be defined, and specific regulations dealing with each type of use should be provided in the Township Zoning Ordinance. The more intense agricultural uses should be limited to those areas that can provide adequate buffers and access to good public highways and be limited to the Light Industrial Zones.
IV-A - 6 I Various distinct agricultural uses would be described as follows : a. Tilled crop land and orchard areas used for the a purposes of raising food for the consumption of animals or humans. b. Woodland areas used for the purposes of woodland protection and forestry.
c. Pasture land and associated barns used for the grazing of large hoofed animals such as horses, cows, or cattle. d. Intensive agricultural uses such as the raising of small animals in confined areas including but not limited to the raising of chickens and hogs.
e. Agricultural production and/or processing including but not limited to butchering of animals, the processing of meats, or the sawing of lumber.
ZT-4: Agricultural Preservation Requirements
In the areas designated for rural agricultural uses, provide for the preservation of tilled crop land and/or orchard land. The remaining land in the Township that could be protected with this type of restriction would be the farmland on the north and south side of Route 412 between the Springfield Township Boundary and the Saddle Ridge Subdivision.
The Zoning Ordinance should be amended to restrict building size in the VC District to a maximum 6,000 square feet to recognize and protect the nature and character of the VC neighborhood. Additionally driveway access to properties in the VC District should be limited to collector or local roads and prohibited from connection to arterial roads. This district should also be regulated to require architectural designs of proposed buildings or remodeled buildings to be in the character or the historic and village setting of the neighborhood. The elevations and exterior finish of the buildings proposed or remodeled and the exterior lighting in this VC area should be subjected to “Conditional Use” architectural review by the Planning Commission and approval by the Township Council.
IVA-7 I ZT-6: Consider 3-Acre Minimum Lot Size in the RA Zone The Township should consider the advantages and disadvantages of requiring a three (3) acre minimum lot size in the RA ZONE, but at the same time reducing restrictions on adjustment factors related to slope and/or wetlands and floodplain protection. It is I recognized that such adjustment would have advantages and disadvantages so there is no recommendation in this Comprehensive Plan for either one option or the other.
I ZT-7: This Section Not Used I ZT-8: R-A Rural Aaricultural Reaulations These regulations regarding minimum lot width for this District should be compatible with the two hundred-foot 1 (200') lot width criterion of the R-80 District. ZT-9: Steep Slope Requlations
I Provide prohibition of development in area of slope that exceed twenty-five percent (25%). Use recommendations of the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission or other I regulations of Lehigh Valley Municipalities as a guide to establish these restrictions. I I I 1 I- I I June 15, 2000 1 D:\LS-cah\LS99-14CompPlan\Implementation.wpd/cah I IVA-8 I I The Goals and Objectives of the Comprehensive Plan indicate a need for the Township to adopt some new Ordinances and modify other existing Ordinances as a means to better achieve the goals recommended. This section of the Implementation Chapter will outline those ordinances or modified ordinances but does not include Zoning Map or Zoning Ordinance Requirements or Provisions, as covered by Section A. 1. It is recommended that a limited property maintenance code be established by Ordinance to cover residential and non- residential properties and buildings. This Ordinance should require the following inspections by third party agencies : a. Non-residential buildings and properties for compliance with approved Site Plans, for compliance with a requirement for provision of MSDS Reports, and for maintenance and operation of proper exit ways for emergency and fire protection. Such inspections should be on a bi-annual basis (i.e., once every two (2) years). b. Inspections of residential properties upon sale of property prior to issuance of Occupancy Permit for the new occupant. 2. The Township should require a Site Grading Plan and Soil Erosion Control Plan for every residential and non- residential property. This plan would be submitted as part of a Building Permit Application and grading inspections should be required prior to issuance of Occupancy Permits to better assure compliance with Soil Erosion requirements and Stormwater Management requirements.
3. Revise the existing Onlot Sewage Disposal Ordinance to incorporate requirements for drip irrigation systems and spray irrigation systems with a three (3) acre minimum lot size. 4. Revise the existing Onlot Sewage Disposal Ordinance to require an Operation and Maintenance Agreement for any property owner installing a drip irrigation system or spray irrigation system. Such Operation and Maintenance Agreement would describe testing and reporting procedures required for each system. Testing and reporting would be required to be provided by way of third party agencies.
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I 5. Revise the existing Onlot Sewage Disposal Ordinance to provide for bi-annual maintenance inspection and reporting for elevated sandmounds, drip irrigation systems, and spray irrigation systems. The Ordinance should also provide maintenance requirements that would include an inspection by a third party agency and pumping and hauling of sludges and greases accumulated in the initial separation/septage tank. 6. Amend Weed Ordinance - Amend Weed Ordinance or appropriate Nuisance Ordinance to allow natural revegetation and weed growth (within certain limitations) to encourage diversity of vegetation and protection of wildlife and bird habitat.
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I C. ESTABLISHING BUDGET GOALS While it is recognized that a Comprehensive Plan for a Community can not establish specific budget amounts, it is recommended that certain budget items be established and used to help implement the goals of the Comprehensive Plan.
Provided below is a listing of these Budget Items presented in order of priority:
1. Preservation and protection of Natural Resources. 2. Protection, Preservation, and acquisition of open space.
3. Acquisition of land for recreation purposes. 4. Road and Stormwater Improvements.
5. Township meeting and office space.
6. Fire Fighting Equipment.
With regard to budgeting for Items 1, 2, and 3, the Township should consider establishing a regular budget contribution toward acquisition of natural resource areas, valuable open space areas, and recreation land (as appropriate). The Township should also utilize all other possible resources of funds for these purposes including, but not limited to (listed in priority order) :
1. Gifts and/or contributions.
2. Federal Grants.
3. State Grants.
4. County Grants.
5. Farmland Preservation and/or Acquisition of Development Rights Programs.
6. Utilizing budget commitment for funding a Bond Issue. Protection of these resources could be provided by way of many possible means including but not limited to:
1. Acquisition of Land (in fee).
2. Acquisition of Restricted Easements.
3. Acquisition of Positive Easements. 4. Acquisition of Development Rights.
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I D. COOPERATION WITH SCHOOL DISTRICT AND ADJACENT MUNICIPALITIES The Township should actively continue to work with the School District Board of Directors and the staff and governing bodies I of adjacent Municipalities and their Authorities to achieve local and regional goals.
1. Joint utilization of existing major capital resources should be encouraged similar to the joint utilization of the Hellertown Borough Swimming Pool by Hellertown and Lower Saucon Citizens.
2. The joint utilization of Hellertown Water and Sewer systems is encouraged in the Hellertown Comprehensive Plan and should be considered and encouraged if financially feasible for existing or future public water or public sanitary sewer needs for the area adjacent to Hellertown.
3. The Borough of Hellertown Comprehensive Plan establishes a concern for intermunicipal cooperation in the regulation of stormwater from the Silver Creek Watershed. The Township and the Borough should work together toward identifying limitations on stormwater conveyance systems and establishing stormwater "release rates" for new development within the Silver Creek Watershed area that will help mitigate flooding conditions or potential flooding conditions within the Borough of Hellertown.
4. As mentioned in other sections, the Township should assist the Borough of Hellertown and Springfield Township in the protection of water supplies utilized by each of those respective municipalities.
5. The Township Authority should prepare a Plan for future utility service areas compatible with this Comprehensive Plan and provide this Plan to the Township for their review and conceptual approval.
I IVD-1 I E. ON GQBLS It is recommended that the Open Space and Recreation Plan of the Township as updated in 1999, be updated again to help identify specific open space and recreation needs and to provide and protect:
1. Needed future recreation areas. 2. Desirable open space areas and vegetated corridors for wildlife protection and possible future pathway systems for pedestrians or bicyclists.
The 1999 Township Open Space and Recreation Plan is attached to this Plan as an exhibit and can be utilized as a base document for this recommended plan amendment. The plan amendment, however, should focus on land needs and make specific recommendations on potential sites for land acquisition.
The Plan should recommend a timetable for the acquisition of these Open Space and Recreation areas and establish a priority for specific acquisitions.
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I F. PROGRAM It is recommended that a baseline study be undertaken in the I year 2000 for identification of Natural Resources and environmentally sensitive areas of the Township. This baseline study has been authorized by the Township and is currently in I progress. This baseline study should include a minimum amount of water quality testing for selected streams in the Township.
Once the baseline study is completed, the Township should establish a program for a limited evaluation or audit of this study every five (5) years. This regular audit could allow periodic reporting on the progress the Township is making toward Natural Resources and Environmental Protection and provide a periodic evaluation as to whether or not the programs and regulations implemented by the Township are succeeding.
April 17, 2000. A:\LS-cah\LS99-l4CompPlan\Rev.Implementation.wpd/cah
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1 Lower Saucon Township I I Comprehensive Plan Update I Questionnaire I I I Summary and Analysis I of Responses I I I May 1998 I I
I Prepared by: Lehigh Valley Planning Commission I For: Lower Saucon Township, Northampton County, PA I I I I Lower Saucon Township Comprehensive Plan Update Questionnaire
SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES
Lower Saucon Township is in the process of updating the township Comprehensive Plan. As input to this effort, in October 1997 3,445 questionnaires were mailed to property owners who live in Lower Saucon Township.' All total, 1,742 questionnaires were returned for tabulating and analysis by the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission. The return rate of 50.7% is excellent for such a long mail-back questionnaire, but not unexpected. The response rate for similar resident questionnaires that have been used by other Lehigh Valley townships often exceeds 50%.
A summary and analysis of the responses to each question follows. It must be noted that some respondents did not answer every question. The result is that the responses never total 1,742.
I. How long have you lived in Lower Saucon Township?
Number of Years Number YO
Less than 2 years 148 8.5 2 - 5 years 310 17.8 6 - 10 years 265 15.3 11 years or more 1.015 58.4 1,73 8 100.0 No response - 4
Over one half (58.4%) of the questionnaire respondents have lived in Lower Saucon Township for 11 years or more. This percent is similar to the results of the 1990 Census of Population. In 1990 55.4% said they had moved into their housing unit before 1980. Few of the respondents to the questionnaire are newcomers to the Township. Only 8.5% have lived in Lower Saucon for less than two years.
'As a general rule, people who rent property in the Township did not receive a question- naire. In 1990 the US.Census of Population found that 87.6% of the housing units in Lower Saucon were owner occupied. I Lower Saucon Township Comprehemive Plan Updare Questionnaire Summary and Anafysis of Responses 2
i *: *: :j I 2. Who is the personfilling out the questionnaire? 13 $ TvDe of Person Number Yo I Primary income earner 857 50.7 Secondary income earner 248 14.7 Homemaker 162 9.6 I Retiree 396 23.4 Other -27 1.6 1,690 100.0 I No response - 52 A little over one half (50.7%) of the questionnaires were completed by the primary I income earner of the household. Almost one quarter (23.4%) of the questionnaires were completed by retirees. I 3. How many people are there in your family (living at home) by age group?
I 1997 Questionnaire 1990 Census Ais Number Oh Number YO 0-4 218 5.1 48 1 5.7 I 5-14 575 13.4 1,166 13.8 15 -24 439 10.2 998 11.8 25 -44 1,172 27.3 2,576 30.4 I 45 - 64 1,23 1 28.6 1,996 23.6 65 andover -663 15.4 1.240 14.7 I 4,298 100.0 8,457 100.0 The age breakdown ofthe households that responded to the 1997 questionnaire is siightly older than the age breakdown for the 1990 census. The largest difference is in the 45-64 age I group. In 1990,23.6% of the Township’s population was in the 45-64 age group. For those who answered the 1997 questionnaire, 28.6% of the persons in their household are in this age 1 group. The median age for Lower Saucon in 1990 was 38.3.
1 4. Where does the primary income earner ofyour household work most ofien?
Location Number YO I At home 50 3.0 Lower Saucon Township 60 3.6 Upper Saucon Township 23 1.4 I Allentown 166 10.0 Bethlehem 346 20.7 Whitehall Township 7 0.4 1 Other 566 33.9 Retired 45 1 27.0 1,669 100.0 I No response - 73 I Lower Saucon Township Comprehensive Plan Update Questionnaire Summary and Analysis of Responses 3
A little over one third of the persons who answered this question work at a location other than the Lehigh Valley municipalities listed in question No. 4. A mher analysis of this question revealed the following:
“Other” location* Number O/O Northampton County 120 24.8 Lehigh County 83 17.1 Bucks County 88 18.1 Montgomery County 37 7.6 Monroe County 5 1.o Philadelphia 10 2.1 Other Pennsylvania 12 2.5 New Jersey 116 23.9 New York City 11 2.3 3 .i; Other out-of-state 7 - 48S 100.0
*Note everyone that listed “other” specified in which municipality they worked. Also, some persons do not work at a fixed location.
One thing is obvious fiom the questionnaire. Very few (1 10) Lower Saucon Township residents work in the Township. Most (745) work at some other location in Northampton or Lehigh counties. It is impossible to determine the split in employment location between Lehigh and Northampton counties. Bethlehem City is located in both Lehigh and Northampton counties. Persons did not have to specify in which county the portion of Bethlehem where they worked is located. About one in every five workers (282) are employed outside of Lehigh and Northampton counties. Many of these persons (1 16) work inNew Jersey. Eleven persons listed New York City as their place of employment; 10 work in Philadelphia.
5. Should a burning ordinance be adopted?
Number YO Yes 645 39.1 No 1,005 60.9 1,650 100.0 No response - 92
Well over one half of the residents that answered the questionnaire do not want Lower Saucon to adopt a burning ordinance. Lower Saucon Township Comprehensive Plan Updale QuestionnaireSummary and Analysis of Responses 4
I 6. In what section of the Township do you live (see map)?
Section Number YO I 3 16 20.0 I1 495 31.5 111 269 17.1 I IV 355 22.6 V -138 8.8 I 1,573 100.0 No response - 169
I A little over one half (5 1.5%) of the respondents who noted a location live in the western one-third of fis Township. Less than 10% of the returns were from Section V. I E 7a. How many vehicles are there in your household? Number of Vehicles Number YO 15 0.9 I 262 15.4 855 50.2 40 1 23.5 I 121 7.1 5 33 1.9 6 or more 17 1.o I 1,704 100.0 No response - 38
I It is no surprise that Lower Saucon Township residents are very dependent on their om vehicles for transportation. Nearly 85% of the people who answered this question live in households that have two or more vehicles. About one third (33.%) of these households have I three or more vehicles. Very few respondents (0.9%) do not have a vehicle in their household. I 7b. How does the primary wage earner get to work?
I How Number O/O car pool 30 2.0 Own car 1,211 82.5 I Bus 8 0.5 Other 220 15.0 1,469 100.0 I No response - 273 I I .. . _._....
L Lower &con Township Comprehensive Plan Update Questionnaire Summary and Analysis of Responses 5 i: I In what section of the Township do you live (see map)? I --1 -- IT - I11 - IV -V I I , I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Lower Saucon Tomhip Comprehemive Pian Updote Questionnaire Summary and Anabsis of Responses 6
I Most wage earners who live in Lower Saucon drive to work alone (82.5%). Very few i;I *% persons carpool (30) and even fewer (8) use a bus. The “other” response category includes persons who work at home. The survey also includes one person who bikes to work and five I persons who walk to work. The “no response” category probably includes many persons who are retired or who are homemakers (see question 2). It is also likely that some of the persons I who answered “other“ are retirees or homemakers. The 1990 Census of Population results are similar to the results of the resident I questionnaire. In 1990,8 1.7% of Lower Saucon Township wage earners reported they drove alone to work. One percent said they took a bus to work and 11.5% carpooled. The number of persons reporting they carpooled seems high. Only 2.0% of the persons who answered this I question carpool to work.
I 7c. How many miles are driven (one way) to get to work?
Miles Number YO I 0-2 122 9.7 2-5 219 17.4 . . 5- 10 353 28.1 I 10 - 20 297 23.6 Over 20 266 21.2 I 1,257 100.0 No response - 485
I The response to this question shows that most persons have to leave Lower Saucon Township to get to work. About 73% have to drive five or more miles to get to work. Almost I one half (44.8%) must drive 10 miles or more. I 7d. How many minutes (one way) does it take to get to work? 1997 Questionnaire 1990 Census I Travel time to work Number Oh Number Oh 0 - 9 minutes 126 10.9 3 87 10.1 10 - 19 minutes 360 31.2 1,443 37.7 I 20 - 29 minutes 350 30.3 1,088 28.5 30 - 39 minutes 140 12.1 545 14.3 40 - 59 minutes 82 7.1 223 5.8 I 60 minutes or more 2 8.4 139 3.6 1,155 100.0 3,825 100.0 I No response - 587 The results of this question show that, on the average, it is taking Lower Saucon Township wage earners a little longer to get to work than it did in 1990. Nevertheless, 72.4% I can get to work in less than one half hour. I .Y.L
I. Lower Soucon Township Comprehensive Plan Update QuestionnaireSummary and Analysis of Responses 7 I
I 8a. Do you own or rent your home?
! Number O/O I Own 1,654 96.2 Rent -65 3.8 1,719 100.0 I No response -23
It was noted earlier that most persons who rent were not likely to receive a question aire. I However, 65 or 3.8% of the respondents said they rent their home. The results of the 1990 I Census showed that 87.6% owned their home while 12.4% were renters. I 8b. In-what type of home do you live? TvDe Number YO Single home 1,464 88.7 I Double home 29 1.8 Apartment 21 1.3 Townhouse 89 5.4 I Mobile home 7 0.4 Other 40 2.4 I 1,650 100.0 No response -92 I 8c. Is your home located on?
I Lot size Number Oh Less than 1 acre 764 45.2 1 - 2 acres 519 30.7 I 2 - 3 acres 152 9.0 3 - 5 acres 92 5.4 5 acres or more 163 9.7 I 1,690 100.0 I No response - 52 The vast majority of Lower Saucon residents who answered the questionnaire live in a I single family home on less than two acres. I I I I. Lower Saucon Township Comprehensive Plan Update Questionnaire Summary and Analysis of Responses 8
I 9. Ifyou were to movefiom your present home, into what kind of home would you like to move?
Kind of home Number Oh I Single home 1,249 78.3 Double home 3 0.2 I Apartment 70 4.4 Townhouse 149 9.4 Mobile home 19 1.1 I Other 105 6.6 1,595 100.0 I No response - 147 I Located on? Lot size Number Oh Less than 1 acre 582 38.8 I 1 - 2 acres 441 29.4 2 - 3 acres 128 8.5 I 3 - 5 acres 111 7.4 More than 5 acres 239 15.9 130 1 100.0 I No response -241 Most questionnaire respondents would move to a dwelling similar.to the one in which I they presently live. Nearly 16% expressed interest in living ona lot of five acres or more, but nearly 39% would want a lot of less than one acre. I IO. Our Township population remained stable over the lastjve years. Would you like to see the I growth rate:
TvDe of Change Number YO I Stay the Same 1,275 76.8 Increase 183 11.0 Decrease 202 12.2 I 1,660 100.0 No response - 82
I An overwhelming majority (76.8%) of the questionnaire respondents are satisfied with the current rate of population growth in Lower Saucon Township. Eleven percent would like to see the population growth rate increase and a slightly greater number (12.2Y0)would like I to see it decrease. I I \
I Lower Soucon Township Comprehensive Plan Upa2ue Questionnaire Summary and Analysis of Responses 9
1 I la. Are there intersections or road designs in the Township that you would like to see improved?
ResDonse Number Oh I Yes 883 60.4 No -579 39.6 1,462 100.0 I No response - 280 I Most of the persons (60.4%) who answered this question believe there are intersectms or road design problems in Lower Saucon Township. Many people (280) had no response to I the question. Intersections or road designs that were listed as needing improvements included the I following: Intersection or Road Design Number Hickory Hill/Friedensville/Bingen Rds. 120 I Rt. 378 & Saucon Valley Rd. 105 Rt. 4 12 & Apple Church Rd. 61 Stabler area 46 I Rt. 412 & Meadows Rd. 36 Rt. 412 & Springtown Hill Rd. 30 I Rt. 378 & Black River Rd. 27 Seidersville Rd. & Mountain Dr. 20 Rt. 378 & Seidersville Rd. 17 I Black River & Bingen Rds. 13 Rt. 378 & Colesville Rd. 11 Water & Main Sts. 11 I Rt. 412 & Polk Valley Rd. 9
It should be noted that the intersection with the second highest listing - Rt. 378 and I Saucon Valley Road -is in Upper Saucon Township. The Water-Main streets intersection is in Hellertown.
I Some other comments recorded under 1 1a. included the'following: I - too many narrow roads - the need for a Hellertown bypass - poor access to Steel City I - too many stop signs - 1-78 noise is a problem - too much speeding I - many bad road shoulders
A number of people had good comments about the recent improvements at Hickory Hill I and Bingen roads. I i Lower Smon Township Comprehensive Plan Up&te Questionnaire Summary and Analysis of Responses IO ’r :
3x 4 ,&I I I b. Check any of the following which you think are transportationproblems in the Township. $1 :J I Problem Number ‘(I Lack of sidewalks 216 Lack of running paths 272 Lack of bikeways 482 Lack of public transit 358 Inadequate road maintenance 324 Other 119
No response - 546
12. Check where you or your family usually shop or get senxesfor the following:
The responses to this question show that Lower Saucon residents have to leave the Township to satisfy nearly all of their shopping and medical needs. For hardware, most persons go to Bethlehem to shop. Hellertown leads as a location to food shop and bank; Allentown is first in shopping for clothing, furniture and appliances. Most people use Bethlehem for medical needs. Lower Saucon residents using “other” locations for shopping go to places such as Whitehall Township, the Quakertown area and Northampton Crossings in Lower Nazareth Township.
13a. Do you feel Lower Saucon Township needs more commercial areas?
Res D o nse Number Oh Yes 755 45.8 NO 892 54.2 1,647 100.0 No response - 95
A little less than one half (45.8%) of the people that answered “yes” or “no” to this question feel the Township needs more commercial areas. Although there are few places in the ,I Lower Saucon Township Comprehensive Plan Update Questionnaire Summary and Analysis of Responses 11
Township where people can shop or get services (see response to the previous question), a majority of respondents like it this way and are not interested in having more commercial area in Lower Saucon.
If you answered yes, indicate what commercial enterprises you feel are needed in the I Township: TvDe of Establishment Number I Department stores 348 Discount stores 320 Clothing and apparel stores 316 I Restaurants & entertainment 369 Motels 62 Appliancehome furnishinghardware stores 297 I Service stations 56 Doctor, lawyer & other professional office space 138 Drug & convenience stores 133 I Fast food restaurants 72 I Other 263 Nearly all of the respondents who listed, something under “other” want to see more 1 grocery stores or supermarkets in the Township. I 13b. Do you feel Lower Saucon Township needs more light industrial areas? ResDons e Number % Yes 447 27.6 I No 1.172 72.4 1,619 100.0 I No response - 123 Nearly three out of four persons who answered this question do not want any more light I industrial areas in Lower Saucon Township. I Ifyou answeredyes, indicate whar industrial enterprisesyou feel are needed in the Township: TvDe of Enternrise Number Light manufacturing 383 I Production of non-toxic chemicals 65 Office 234 Printing 93 I Warehousing 153 Research labs 179 1 Mini storage facilities 63 I Lower Saucon Township Comprehensive Plan Update QuestionnaireSummary and Analysis of Responses I2
Ifrou answered yes, where should industrial development be located?
Location Number % I Planned industrial parks 423 82.1 Strips along major roads -92 17.9 515 100.0
Nearly all of the persons who want more light industry in Lower Saucon Township feel it should be located in planned industrial parks.
Ifyes, where should new industrial development be located?
Areas that were listed included in order of preference:
Route 378 Near 1-78 Route 412 Leithsville Near Hellertown Wassergass Rd.
13. A small group of citizens is meeting to discuss the pros and cons of a Hellertown-Lower Saucon consolidation or merger into one municipality. While this is still in the early stages, we'd like to get an idea of how you feel about thispossibility. Please indicate below fyou are for it, against it, or undecided.
Combine both Communities:
ResDonse Number YO For 519 30.9 Against 603 35.9 Undecided -557 33.2 1,679 100.0 No response - 63
The response to this question is fairly evenly split. More persons are against a merger (35.9%) than are for a merger (30.9%), but the difference is not all that great. One third of the persons who answered the question are undecided on the issue. I Lower Saucon Township Comprehensive Plan Update Questionnaire Summary and Analysis of Responses 13 I 13. With regard to the current Township's budget, which three items do you feel are most important? (Please mark "1" by the item you feel is most important, "2" by the next most I important, etc.) Most 2"' Most 3''' Most Important Important Important I Budget Item Prioritv Prioritv Prioritv Providing police protection 459 243 140 Land use planning & zoning 3 17 183 197 I Road maintenance 267 297 289 Solving traffic congestion 138 145 140 Preservation of scenichistoric sites 92 133 193 I Solving drainage problems 86 111 100 Improving fire protection 52 256 145 I. Recreation facilities 51 89 132 Other 43 15 27 I No response -230 Police protection, a major concern in many communities, received the most top priority I votes by far. Road maintenance got the third most top priority votes, but it ranked first in the number of second and third priority votes. Land use planning and zoning are also very I important to Lower Saucon residents. I 16. Should development in historical and environmentally sensitive areas be controlled? Historicul Areas Environmental Areas i Response Number Yo Res Dons e Number % Yes 1,532 92.5 Yes 1,537 93.2 No 125 7.5 No 113 6.8 1 1,657 100.0 1,650 -100.0 No response - 85 No response - 91
1 There is very strong support for controlling development in both historical areas and environmentally sensitive areas. I 17. What do you libmost about living in Lower Saucon Township? (Select three ... iist in order 8 of preferences, '* 1 " is mosi important, etc.) Most 2"dMost 3'* Most I Uuality Im Po r tan t Important Important Rural atmosphere 510 42 1 249 Open space, scenery 398 488 214 I Residential environment 246 156 252 Low taxes 88 62 118 1 Lower Saucon Township Comprehensive Plan Update Questionnaire Summary and Analysis of Responses I4
Quality of schools 82 107 123 Proximity to family members 74 68 118 Housing quality 67 66 121 I Access to work 63 126 213 Housing cost 9 35 30 I Other 13 5 43 No response - 187
1 The top three listings - rural atmosphere, open space and scenery, and residential environment - are far ahead of all other items. All three are closely related and can‘ be considered “quality-of-life” issues. Low taxes, the item receiving the fourth highest number I of first place votes, got a mixed reaction. A number of persons wrote comments on their questionnaire that having low taxes on the list was a trick question or a joke. A fairly low 1 number of persons listed quality of schools as being important. This could mean they do not feel quality of schools is an important issue, or it could mean they are unimpressed with the Saucon Valley School District. Many persons like the quality of the Township’s residential I environment, but few think the cost of housing rates very high.
I 18. A significant portion of the land in Lower Saucon Township is used for agricultural or open space. Please indicate your opinion by checking one of the following:
I The amount of agricultural and open space land should remain approximately the same in the 1 future as at present - ResDonse Number O/O Strongly agree 993 60.2 I Agree 416 25.2 Disagree 88 5.3 Strongly disagree 18 1.1 1 Not sure 87 5.3 No opinion/don’t know -48 2.9 1,650 100.0 1 No response - 91
The great majority of persons who answered this question (85.4%) either agree or 1 strongly agree that the amount of agricultural and open space land should remain I approximately the same in the kture as it is at present. I 1 I Lower Saucon Township Comprehensive Plan Update Questionnaire Summary and Analysis of Responses I5
19. How would you feel $ in order topreserve agricultural andor open space land, the minimum lot area to build a home in the approximately two-thirds of the Township covered by the Rural Agricultural Zoning District were to be increased? (minimum lot size in this zoning district is now 2 acres.)
ResDonse Number -YO Strongly support 514 31.9 support 41 1 25.5 Oppose 220 13.7 Strongly oppose 140 8.7 Not sure 230 14.3 No opinioddon’t know 95 -5.9 1,610 100.0 I NQresponse - 142 A small majority (57.4%) of the persons who answered the question would support a minimum lot size increase to preserve agricultural and/or open space land. Only 22.4% oppose I a lot size increase and 20.2% are not sure or have no opinion.
1 20. Do youfeel Lower Saucon Township should make zoning changes to increase or decrease housing density in your area? 1 ResDonse Number YO Inkease density 72 4.4 Decrease density 559 34.5 1 Stay the same 894 55.3 Don’t know 93 5.8 1 1,615 100.0 No response - 124 I Most persons who answered this question want to see housing densities stay the same. There is very little support for increasing housing densities. A little over one third of the I respondents would like to see housing densities decrease. I 21. What Township recreation facilities do you currently use? -Park Number I Town Hall Park 348 Heller Homestead Park 177 Southeastern Park 116 I Steel City Park 82 1 No response - 1,134 1 -u .”. I.
Lower hconTownship Comprehensive Plan Update QuestionnaireSummary and Analysis of Respomes 16
I/ “
Probably the most significant thing about this question is the number of persons who did r: !
not respond to the question. It is possible that some of the l?I34 persons who had no response ! actually use township recreation facilities and did not report it. Almost twice as many persons use Town Hall Park as use the next most popular recreation facility -Heller Homestead Park.
Recreation Facilitv Number I Nature trail 298 Playground 286 Baseball field 198 I Paviliodgrills 186 Basketball court 76 I Volleyball court 64 No response - 1,108
I Nature trails and playgrounds are the most popular facilities offered at township parks. Trails of various types are very much in demand these days. Hiking and biking trails top just I about every community’s list as the most needed recreation facilities.
I 22. What new Township recreational facilities would you like to see and where would you like to see them?
I This was an open ended question requiring the respondent to write the recreation facilities they wanted to see and where they should be located. Most people did not complete the question. Some even wrote in “none”. Trails for walking andor biking were listed far more I than any other recreation facility. The second most listed facility is swimming pools, followed by playgrounds and tennis courts. Other facilities that received a number of listings include: I ice skating rink or roller skating rink, baseball and softball fields, teenage activities center. volleyball courts, fitness center, equestrian trails and nature trails.
I There were few suggestions as to where these facilities should be located. A- number of persons suggested using the abandoned railroad bed or an area along the Saucon Creek for a i trail. Several persons would like to see a parkway system along the Saucon Creek. I 23. Please list any additional comments and suggestions. This was another open ended question that required written comments. A number of persons provided comments. Some persons complemented the Township for undertaking the I resident questionnaire and consider it a good way to get citizen input. Seven persons took the time to attach typed or written comments and three signed their name. One person provided B four typed pages of comments. These typed or written comments, along with all 1,732 completed questionnaires, were returned to Lower Saucon Township, along with copies of this I report. I Citizens’ Coalition of Lower Saucon PO Box 1512, Bethlehem, PA 18016 www. permegear.com/ccls
CCLS VISION FOR THE LOWER SAUCON COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Based on the results of the 1998 Comprehensive Plan Questionnaire, the citizens clearly voiced their desire to maintain the rural character and identity of Lower Saucon Township.
As citizens and stakeholders who support the overwhelmingly clear results of Comprehensive Plan Questionnaire, we offer the following vision for the future of Lower Saucon Township:
Residential Goals and Obiectives Focus development in areas of the township with an existing robust infrastructure of roadways, water and sewer systems.
In rural areas of the Township (zoned RA), act to reduce development which impacts the fragile existing infrastructure. The existing meandering local street system is an essential part of our rural nature. Development destroys this rural character.
This development approach of focusing growth on existing strong infrastructure areas provides a balance: preserving our township’s precious commodity (open space) while providing avenues for growth.
This is the vision of Sustainable Communities. Older zoning concepts segregate land use and increase travel demand. The Sustainable Communities concept creates development focused on crossroad hamlets. Residents live in a pedestrian-friendly environment able to walk or bike to obtain local goods and services. The result is less tax dollar demands on local government and less reliance on the automobile.
Sustainable Communities is an idea worth exploring. Never before has the disappearance of open space brought together a community of caring citizens in Lower Saucon. This issue has activated and energized our community. ’ The stakes are high and our planning actions cannot be underestimated. If we fail to put into place a protective plan to preserve what we hold dear, we will not have a second chance.
The alternative is to allow the demand for inclusion in our community to transform us into just another suburbia from which there is no undoing. It is the responsibility of our township government and elected officials to act in the interest of the majority of its constituents. The majority speaks loudly and clearly through the Comprehensive Plan Questionnaire . . . preserve open space.
Integral with the issue of open space is that of preserving our natural resources. Streams, woodlands, wetlands, floodplains, plants and wildlife are in a delicate balance of the ecosystem. We must be vigilant in protection for the benefit of current and future generation of Lower Saucon residents. Once lost, they are gone forever.
We have many specific suggestions for revisions to the Township Codes for both Zoning and Sub-Division and Land Development. These suggestions will be presented in future submissions during the appropriate review process.
1 OF 3 ISSUED TOLOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMIS51oN 1 FEBRUABY- 7,200 I I 1 Environmental Goals Freshwater wetlad provide the following to all residents of Lower Saucon Township: Preserve drinking water supplies by purifying surface water and groundwater resources. D Provide a natural means of flood and storm damage protection preventing the loss of life and property through absorption and storage of water during high runoff periods. I Reduce flood crests. Serve as a transition zone between dry land and water courses which retards soil erosion. I Provide essential breeding, spawning, nesting and wintering habitats for a major portion of the state's fish and wildlife, including migrating birds, endangered species and commercially and recreationally important wildlife I Maintain a crucial baseflow of surface waters through the gradual release of stored flood waters and groundwater, particularly during drought periods. I To advance the public interest in a just manner, the rights of persons who own or possess real property affected must be fairly recognized and balanced with environmental interests. The public benefits arising from the natural functions of freshwater wetlands, and the public harm from freshwater wetlandJosses, are distinct from, and may I exceed, the private value of wetland areas. Therefore, it shall be our goal to.preserve the purity and integrity of freshwater wetlands from random, unnecessary 1 or undesirable alceration or disturbance. Open space and farmland is a precious resource which, once lost, is lost forever. Itis our highest priority to ensure E the economic viability of maintaining these land uses. Our objective is to take-the-necessary.actions to maintain and encourage the continued presence of open space and farmland in the Township.
1 Public Service Goals I We call for a rededication of effort to the Public Service Goals identified in the 1987 Comprehensive Plan. Commercial Goals / Circulation Goal / Overall Land Use Goal I Subscribe to the zoning concepts creating Sustainable Communities. More densely developed zones intermix resi- dential use and commercial providers of goods and services used on a daily basis by the community. This encourages I and promotes pedestrian and bicycle trips and reduces dependence on automobile trips. Create Historic Districts incorporating areas with substantial numbers of 18th, 19th and early 20th century structures and establish regulations and a review process for new construction to maintain aesthetic and I architectural consistency with existing historic structures. I I
2 OF 3 ISSUED TOLOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP 1 PLANNING COMMISSI~TEBRWAXT 7,2OC 1% I Land Use Policies 1 Rededicate our efforts to: Preserve, in every way possible, our natural resources. I Strengthen Hellertown and immediately surrounding area as our urban center. Accommodate a wide range of residential office and commercial use in this area. I Preserve agricultural, scenic and natural resource qualities of the southeastern and far eastern areas of our township. I Preserve the residential character of: Steel City; Polk Valley; Leithsville; Bingen; Old Mill Road; Saucon Valley Road; Seidersville; Wydnor. Increase minimum lot sizes in areas not planned for public sewer services and where we wish to preserve the rural I nature of our community.
I Open Suace Preservation Plan Rededicate and intensify our efforts to protect and preserve our environmentally sensitive, agriculture and I open space areas. 1 Action Promun Although the Comprehensive Plan is a valuable tool, its objectives must be implemented through ordinances for Zoning, Sub-Division and Land Use, Housing and Building Codes, etc. I It is essential these codes be rewritten to faithfully execute the vision and goals set-forth in the new Comprehensive I Plan. 1 I 1 I I I
3 OF 3 ISSUED TO LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP I PLANNING COMMISSION FEBRUARY 7, 200 I I I
I The Citizens' Coalition of Lower Saucon (CCLS) is a group dedicated to enhancing and preserving the beauty of Lower Saucon Township through constructive I partnership with township officials. We recognize the need for a healthy balance between preservation of open space and economic development.
I CCLS accomplishments: Developed from a hallway gathering to an organized membership of 65. I A presence at every council and planning commission meeting since formation. Began a map monitoring development in the township. Developed a website providing valuable resource I information, meeting agendas and contacts. Consulted with Williams, Tinicum, Springfield, Upper . Saucon, and Durham townships. I Asked to contribute and work with the planning commission in updating the Comprehensive Plan. Presented valuable information to elected officials. Initiated a Natural Areas Inventory for the township I which is now included in the township budget. Increased public awareness of township's development and threats posed to township. I Attended state Department of Environmental Protection workshop on available grants for "Growing Greener " . I Interviewed Bucks County Commissioner, re: Open Space Plan. Investigating alternative land use planning.
II How can you help CCLS? I) Education, Research to support arguments, to compare with other townships; fact finding I 2) Computer, stream of information (database set up, email distribution) 3) Engineering/environmen tal expertise 4) Finances, Publicity, Telephoning, networking I 5) Monitoring/explaining to our members the significance and importance of the township agenda
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CCLS address: P.O. 1512, Bethlehem, PA 18016 I Email address: [email protected] I i r
I Welcome to the second public meeting of CCLS! According to Dr. Ralph Tarola, Saucon Valley Tonight's meeting will be an information gathering School District superintendent, the campus facility ession for township residents. Guest speakers will is not at full capacity in terms of student ffer suggestions and ideas that may be beneficial to enrollment for the 1999-2000 school year. 9ower Saucon Township's future. However, the school district has decided to Agenda - February 27, 2000 maintain ownership of the Reinhard School, at . Introductions/comments least on a short term basis, in the event the Ir . Dennis Collins, of The Emmaus Wildland district's facilities need to expand prior to building Conservancy - "Benefits of Preserving Farmland a new wing at the campus to accommodate & Open Space" increased enrollment. a. Intermission In April, the school board will deliberate on the 4. State Rep. Robert Freeman - "Ways to Manage possible need to expand the new facility, which was built to accommodate expansion well into the I Growth" future should it be necessary. Tarola also said he feels school district officials should be consulted about enrollment issues, facility capacity, and all of the effects of increased enrollment, financial or otherwise. Lower Saucon Township officials boast no tax According to township engineer James Birdsall, increases in several years, but the township's rapid Harry Barrel, a Hanover engineering planner, said growth has and will, in fact, cost taxpayers Lower Saucon Township is "pretty much built increased property taxes 'through rising school out." taxes. Continuing at our current rate of development is "the worst case scenario." "Not much" has been done to preserve farmland. Ques t.i o nn ai re Ta II y Birdsall estimates only 400 acres of tillable farmland remains in the township. No special watershed protection regulations have been considered. "Very little" recreational land has been set aside. have lived in Lower Saucon Township for 11' years or E There are no pedestrian or bicycling paths. The need for public water and sewer in some An overwhelming majority (76.8%) of the respondents are satisfied with the current rate of neighbo r hoo d s is "a cute " . population .growth in ,the township'. Eleven percent The scope of the Comprehensive update is Plan would like 'to see the population growth rate increase general. and a slightly greater number (12.2%) would like to see There are no water quality studies on record. Saucon Valley School District campus facilities There is very strong support for controlling are close to capacity. development in both historical areas and -ncouraging news: environmentally sensitive areas. Ninety-two percent of The 1987 Comprehensive Plan and related zoning the respondents favored control in historical areas while 93% favored control in environmentally sensitive areas. and ordinances were enacted in time to deal with Eighty-five percent of respondents agree that the the extensive growth resulting from the amount of agricultural and open space land should I completion of Route 78. remain about the same in the future as it is at present. Town Council supports funding a natural Most respondents want to see housing densities resources inventory. stay the same. There is very little support for increasing By law, areas zoned for diverse housing must be housing densities. A little more than one-third of the set aside in each municipality. The Plan has done respondents would like to see housing densities so with relatively small areas provided for high density housing. Lower Saucon Township . Unbuilt Houses From Proposed And Approved Subdivisions February 2000 Representing 590 New Houses c
v) -I m m I- ? - Lower Saucon Township Developments *Approved + Proposed Representing 590 New Houses
Roeder's Glen (28 lots)* Wynn-Toth (5 lots)* Weyhill Farm (4 lots)* Saddle Ridge 4 (13 lots) + The Meadows (50 lots) Saddle Ridge 2 (21 lots) + Evermere (10 lots) *- Saddle Ridge 3 (9 lots) + Old Mill Estates (15 lots) Woodland Hills 2 (16 lots) Woodlea Mill (9 lots)+ Woodland Hills 1 (7 lots)' Weyhill Estates (15 lots) Ests. at Saucon Woods (22 lots)* Pheasant Run 2 (37 lots)" Dravec Major (8 lots) + Hampton Pointe (8 lots) Woodland Ridge (14 lots) Hickory Hill Estates (2 lots)' Spring Meadow (10 lots) 0'Brien's.Farm (23 lots) * Clover View Estates (17 lots) + Four Seasons at.S.V. (80 Kally-Ridge (11 lots) + lots) Reilly Farm 2 (11 lots) + Meadow View (21 lots)' Reilly Farm 1 (2 lots) + Arden Lane (6 lots)+ Reilly (1 lot)* Saddle Ridge 1 (30 lots)" Keffalonian Estates (12 lots) Kunsman (4 lots) Hills of Polk Valley (10 lots) + Fields at Polk Valley (27 lots) + Oakview~Hollow(4 lots)' Pleasant Hills (17 lots) Oakview-Estates (10 lots) * Springtown Hill Estates (1 lot)*
Possible Zoning Changes ,(wish List) 1. Parks & Recreational facilities. 2. Establishing & maintaining diverse habitats for wildlife. 3. Identify wetland areas and establish buffer zones. 4. Establish water quality standards for storm water runoff within township. 5. Procedures to protect quality and quantity of drinking water supplies. 6. Increase cooperations with neighboring communities. 7. Develop options to encourage preservation of open space farmland.
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I->'- The Valley ce / March 3, 2000 1 , .. , , ,. I .. .. i_.. ... , ..I.. have Township at a crossroads CCLS hears We your future-insig Group wantcto slow down building development using available options
t 834 Main St., Hellertown Over 100 Lower SaucoA ment, but to manage it using use zoning approach has
,a -'I .L residents Sunday heard the the options available through 610-838-1000.- _.__ , worked against building corn-, , *- warning from resident Tho- tbe state, working with devel- munities and has prompted ... mas Maxfield. ' opers, improving the compre- sprawl adding that a commu- "We are at a crossroads. hensive plan and zoning regu- nity must be creative.,when It's now or never, ifwe wish to' lations. applying its zoning ,regula- continue life as we know it Collins said the township tions, to allow clusteringand he said. could establishan agricultural setting aside open space.'. .- Members of the Citizen securityareatopreserveopen Tom Ungiran of 2753 CoalitionofLowerSauconals space. He said Lehigh County Wassergass Road, whose 80-- heard words from Sta has 8,000 acres in such an acrefarm has beenin thefam- Bob Freeman, Dennis area. ily for three generations, has ofTheWildlands Conservancy A security area can be rec- found the land to be a burden: in Emmaus. ognized bylaw if 500 acres are He would like to sell the farm Lower Saucon has imposed identified for the program. a moratorium on building and The land need not be contigu- BEVERAGE! land development while the ous and could be owned by ' at.Black RlVer7PlatsMal RL 378 and Black alver mad, Bethleh planning commission is in the numerous people as long as process of reviewing the each owner held a minium of lid. PHONE 610-882-021 ownship's comprehensive _-_
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However, Maxwell said ' I -. State Inspection 8I Emissions, Tune Up developments already ap-\ Tires, Brakes, Batteries 81 Exhaust provedor proposedwould add Auto: Light d Heavy'Truck 4, about 590 houses and would 4-Wheel Drives Our Specialty I (610) 838-8011 I ' Street Rods 81 Customs fic congestion, pollution and ' INSURANCEAPPROVED REPAIRS Fabrications 8I Conversions other ills if development con- 11 , Restorations 81 Kreations .- .. 0
--.. , < I The Valley Voice / Feburary 25, 2000, . 9 Freeman to address Vallone's first Citizens Coalition novel published
D.J.Vallone, a Bethlehem na- civilized and discerning than wild ive and a 1970 graduate of Pali- animals. of Lower Saucon ades High School, recently had Yet. perhaps, there is another, lis first novel, Untrained Hearts, more accurate view of Danny and response the deluge teams In to tion is gathering of with research material de- wblished. Julie. What burns inside their Un- of develo$ment in Lower experts in response to the tailing other township's Set simultaneously in Metro- trained Hearts is far more impon- Saucon Township, the Citi- tremendous surge in devel- Comprehensive Plans and Ietroit and Southern California, derable and reckless that they sup- zens' Coalition of Lower opment in the Township. has supported theTownship Jallone's story centers around the pose. Weaknesses that led then1 Saucon (CCLS) has asked "Building has gotten a in starting a Natural Re- levastating El Nino winter, a di- astray before can and will influ- state Rep. Robert Freeman little bit crazy here," said sources Inventory. vorced man and woman encounter ence their behavior again. to address the group on how Kern. We're quickly losing 'The Coalitions's eager- Iersonal difficulties that expose Untrained Hearts offers the to manage the sprawling what few farms and little ness to help the Township heir behavioral faults and emors reader an intimate look at Danny constructionacrossthetown- open space is left. We're hold- make fully informed deci- n judgement. While overcoming and Julie's lives and the natural ing this meeting to learn sions has been a welcome hese circumstances, they dis- inclination toward disaster and ship. over how to abandon their past difficulty forged deep withing Growth mw-agement will from Mr. Freeman and Mr. service," said Priscilla nd begin again. their souls. But something else be one of the topics Freeman Collins anythingwe can that deleon, President of the The contemporary fiction ro- can be discovered in this story as willtalkabout at theFeb. 27 will help our township bet- Lower Saucon Township nance has been published by the well, and it just might be the stuff meeting at 7:OO p.m. at the ter manage this growth." Council. She also said com- Kriter's Club Press and features dreams are made of. HellertohSportsman's As- Lower Saucon Township ments and suggestions are he lives of Danny and Julie Vallone is a graduate of Oak- 'redmore, who were mm'ed 20 land University, 'Rochester, sociation. Freemanhasbeen is currently in its second appreciated hmanyone, ' active for years writing leg- monthof aaix-month mora- whether representingapar- 'e815 and found themselves in di- Michinan and holds a BA in Corn- 1 islation to promote open torium on new development ticular group or individual, Deleon said apa&andproperlymanrtige inthe"ow&bp.Councilap Freeman's On their own an proved the,freeze to give presence at the upcodng
LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP
NATURAL RESOURCES PLANNING
SPECIAL STUDY - 2000
ADDENDUM TO
LOWER SAUCON TOWNSHIP NORTHAMPTON COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 2000 UPDATE RESOLUTION #19-2000 ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 6,2000
ADOPTED MAY 2,2001
PREPARED BY:
HANOVER ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES, INC. 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18017-8937 I
I TABLE OF CONTENTS I I I I Introduction 1-1 II Supporting Documentation 11-1 I 111 Important Natural Resources 111-1 - 111-3
I IV Natural Resource Protection Options IV-I -IV-2 I V Recommendations for Natural Resource Protection v-I - v-12 I I
I Appendix A Natural Areas Inventory, Summary, by Lehigh I Valley Planning Commission Appendix B Natural Resources Inventory of Lower Saucon 1 Township, by Morris Arboretum I Appendix C Stream Water Testing Data
I > I I I I I. I"
This natural resources planning section is provided as an expansion of Chapter 111, Section D of the Comprehensive Plan, 2000 Update, (The Plan) as referenced in that document.
Recommendations made herein are in conformance with and sanctioned by the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Section 603 (b)(5), 604(1) , and 605(2) (ii, iii, and vii) , in reference to Zoning Ordinances designed to protect natural resources. Further, these recommendations are pursuant to the Environmental Goals and Objectives listed in Chapter I1 Section B of The Plan. Also, these recommendations were formulated in accordance with direction provided by Township residents, as expressed in their response to a citizen's questionnaire.
Finally, this section relies on the findings and recommendations of the Special Natural Resources Study whi.ch is referenced in Chapter 111, Section D and Chapter IV, Section F of The Plan. This study is discussed in Section IIB of this document.
January 2, 2001 D:\cMe-cah\Intro.wpd/cah
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I 11. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION
The following documents were use( to aid the writing of this section:
A. A study by the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission entitled "Natural Areas Inventory Summary," a copy of which is included herewith as Appendix 'A'. B. The Independent Study commissioned by Lower Saucon Township entitled "Natural Resources Inventory of Lower Saucon Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania" by the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania (The Special Study). This is the study referenced in Section III-D and IV-F of The Plan and is included herewith as Appendix 'B'. As discussed in The Plan, the Special Study serves as a baseline and should be updated every five (5) years. Its contents will be referred to throughout this document as the resources listed in it are discussed in turn. C. At the request of the Township, stream sampling was conducted by Benchmark Analytics of Center Valley, Pennsylvania in September of 2000. The five (5) waterways targeted were: Saucon Creek, Black River, Polk Valley Run, East Branch of the Saucon Creek, and Silver Creek. Each stream was sampled twice (on different days), and the samples were tested for eighteen (18) different parameters. The test results are included as Appendix IC'. To summarize, all five (5) waterways exceeded the allowable level of Fecal Coliform based upon the Department of Environmental Protection's (D.E.P.) swimming season criteria of 200 per 100 ml. This criteria is in effect May 1 through September 30; much less stringent requirements apply during the remainder of the year. It should be noted, however, that bona-fide testing for this parameter requires taking the geometric mean of five (5) consecutive samples drawn on different days. Exceedance of the 200 per 100 ml criteria is not unusual for streams in this area.
Additionally, the Saucon Creek, which is listed by the D.E.P. for CWF (Cold Water Fish) protected uses, exceeded the maximum temperature allowed for the period tested during one of the two (2) sampling events. Aside from this, all other parameters fell within D.E.P. Guidelines.
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I 111. IMPORTANT NATUF’JTi RRSOURCES
A. Riparian Corridors, Wetlands, and Headwaters
The Special Study suggests protecting existing vegetation along all waterways and wetlands in the Township by establishing a buffer zone around them. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining continuity between wetland patches through natural connectors. It further suggests using the Montgomery County Planning Commission (MCPC) Guidebook as a blueprint for doing so (see Section IV for more information). This Study goes on to specify three (3) riparian corridors, two (2) headwaters, and one (1) wetlands area as being a priority. These are the Black River corridor, Saucon Creek corridor, Lehigh River corridor, the Cooks Creek Tributary headwaters, the East Branch Saucon Creek headwaters, and the Silver Creek wetlands. Additionally, the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission study lists the Hellertown Marsh as a site of Statewide Significance. It should be noted that the Silver Creek wetlands and the Cooks Creek Tributary headwaters are in the watershed of Cooks Creek of Bucks County. This creek has been designated for “Exceptional Value” water uses by the D.E.P.
Ordinance 00-03 was passed by Lower Saucon Township to amend its Zoning Ordinance. A section was written creating riparian corridor buffers for watercourses, waterbodies, and wetlands. The protections afforded by this section are comparable to those in the MCPC Guidebook and are in keeping with the recommendations of the Special Study. The implementation of riparian corridor buffers by means of this type of zoning overlay district provides protection of the Township’s watercourses, waterbodies, and wetlands, including those of special interest listed above, with one (1) exception. The Special Study also emphasizes the importance of vernal ponds, a category of wetlands which can be small and may also be only seasonally wet. Neither the original Ordinance nor the amendment specifically address this unique and important feature. It is, therefore, recommended that Section 180-95.F(2)(a) of the Ordinance be amended to include language to make provisions for vernal ponds (see the Special Study for more information).
Additionally, it is recommended that the stream sampling program detailed in Section 11-C of this report be expanded and repeated on an annual basis. The expansion would involve including the Cooks Creek Tributary in the sampling program. Also, since all five (5) waterways in the baseline sampling event indicated an exceedance for Fecal Coliform based upon swimming season criteria, proper testing for this
I11 - 1 .- I
I parameter should be done in the future. See Section 11-C of this report for more information on testing protocol for 1 Fecal Coliform. The sampling already completed should be considered a baseline value against which future readings can be compared. Should any degradation of stream water quality be I noted, the cause of and mitigation for this degradation should be investigated without delay. It is recommended that a special fund be established for just such an I eventuality so that prompt action can be taken if and when necessary. I B. Watershed and Wellhead Protection Areas Lower Saucon Township contains extensive surface drainage watershed areas of the neighboring municipalities of i Hellertown Borough and, to a lesser extent, Springfield Township. Also, the Borough of Hellertown has delineated a wellhead protection area for their Durham Street and i Division Street wells which extends into the Township. These areas were mentioned and mapped in The Plan with the idea that appropriate measures be taken for their protection. Further, Ordinance 00-03 established protective I measures for a Watershed Protection Area which was to be delineated on the Township Zoning Map. This amended Zoning Map was adopted in November 2000. It contained a Watershed I Protection Area which was a compilation of both the watershed and wellhead protection areas mentioned above. 1 While the above measures are a very important step toward the protection of ground and surface water quality and quantity, they do not address the quantity and disposition of groundwater in other portions of the Township. This I thought is echoed by the Special Study, which calls for Hydrological Study to be undertaken by the Township. It is recommended that the Township first characterize and then I protect Lower Saucon Township's water resources. As the Special Study mentions, every effort should be made to include the financing and technical resources of the 1 Hellertown Borough Authority and the Springtown Water Company in this undertaking. Once the Hydrological Study is completed, the Watershed I Protection Area may need to be amended, depending on the findings. It is recommended further that the neighboring water companies already mentioned buy development rights or I land in their respective watershed areas within Lower Saucon Township (Hellertown Borough Authority already has extensive I holdings) .
I I11 - 2 I I I C. Forested Areas: Hills, Slopes, and Ravines
The Special Study emphasizes the importance of unbroken I forested areas. These provide support of various plant species of special concern and also protect hillside springs and seeps, which form an important resource for both wetland I habitats and the people of the Township. The report goes on to list the following areas as being deserving of special attention: Granite hill, Kohlberg Hill, Swoveberg Hill, and i the Crestline Road ravine. Additionally, the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission report lists Redington Cave as an area of Statewide Significance and the Steel City slopes as an 1 area of Local Significance. Ordinance 00-03 contains an amendment aimed at protecting slopes of 25% or greater by prohibiting earthmoving I activities in these areas without special permission. Further, the Township Zoning Ordinance also contains language designed to protect steep slopes less than 25%, as I well as woodlands, rock outcrops, and cliffs. Woodland and tree protection is also provided by the Zoning Ordinance.
I Significant portions of the Swoveberg Hill and Kohlberg Hill areas are already owned and protected by the Hellertown Borough Authority. Further, all of Swoveberg Hill and most I of Kohlberg Hill fall within Watershed and Wellhead Protection Areas (see Section (B) for details) which affords an additional layer of protection. However, despite these m steps, some portions of the areas listed in the first paragraph may still be susceptible to degradation. It is recommended that the Township pursue purchase of development rights in those areas which are not adequately protected by I the measures currently in place. This could include parts of the southwest portion of Kohlberg Hill, and parts of Granite Hill, Crestline Road ravine, and the Steel City I slopes, all of which fall outside of Watershed Protection Areas. 1 I I I
I I11 - 3 I IV NATURATt RPSOURCFS PROTECTION OPTIONS
The following strategies offer an expanded and in depth explanation of items touched on in Chapter IV Section C of The Plan and in the Special Study. They are excerpts from the Montgomery County Planning Commission's (MCPC) 'Guidebook for Riparian Corridor Preservation' and have been included here with that body's permission. While written for riparian corridors, the same principles can be applied to other critical natural resource areas.as well.
A. Fee Simple Acquisition
The outright purchase of the riparian corridor is the most direct way to protect the riparian zone. Municipal ownership also guarantees that some form of public access will be permitted and the riparian corridor will be properly maintained. The main obstacle to fee simple acquisition is the expense of purchasing all the land needed. In addition, the riparian corridor may involve many different landowners, making identification and negotiation difficult. If a municipality chooses acquisition there are several alternative methods of purchase, such as installment buying, lease with option to buy, purchase and leaseback, and life estates, that could be considered.
B. Easement Purchase
If a municipality does not want to pursue fee simple acquisition, easements are a sound way to limit public expense while receiving open space recreation benefits. Since easements provide a limited right over land, which can be negotiated to include the specific rights desired (i.e., trail easement), the costs can be considerably less than fee simple acquisition. Once again, difficulty may arise due to the large number of landowners that may have to be contacted. Easements may also be donated to a municipality. The grantor of the easement receives tax benefits. However, municipalities should investigate the legality of purchasing easements that do not provide for public access.
C. Overlay Zoning
Overlay zoning is the basic approach many municipalities have used to regulate floodplains to comply with the Federal Flood Insurance Program. When applied to riparian corridors, the-overlay district is delineated on an officially adopted map. Various riparian corridor protection standards are added to the Zoning Ordinance to regulate the use and intensity of activities within the
I IV - 1 I I I corridor. If a municipality’s goal is to protect riparian corridors, and the essential benefits they provide, this method provides a high level of legally permitted control, without municipal ownership.
D. Transfer of Development Rights
A transfer of development rights (TDR) program allows municipalities to preserve, among other things, vulnerable or important natural resources (i.e., riparian corridors). This form of overlay zoning would apply only to designated riparian corridors, requiring the land be preserved in its natural state. To protect property values, landowners are permitted to transfer their right to develop, based on the underlying zoning district, to a portion of the municipality designated for more intensive development. This allows the riparian corridors to be permanently deed-restricted from development, while maintaining the value of the land.
E. Clustering
Clustering is usually permitted as an option, or encouraged through density incentives, in some zoning districts and may be mandatory in others. The concept allows dwellings to be clustered on smaller lots on a portion of a tract, allowing the remainder to be set aside as open space. By allowing cluster developments, a municipality can identify certain site amenities, such as riparian corridors, to satisfy the open space requirements. In this way, the riparian corridor is protected as open space, and the landowner retains full development potential of the land under current zoning. If density incentives are used, the landowner may be permitted more development than is allowed under current zoning.
F . Performance Zoning
Performance zoning expands upon the overlay concept by linking the permitted density of a development to the amount of developable land on a site. For example, in a performance subdivision, the applicant might be required to subtract all or a percentage of land in floodplain, riparian corridor, road rights-of-way, or steep slopes before calculating the permitted density. Performance zoning also includes extensive requirements for landscaped buffers between different land uses that could be expanded to include the riparian corridor.
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I G. Streambank Setback
Similar to rights-of-way applied to roads or other utility corridors, streams within a community could be protected through an established buffer strip. In the simplest form, the buffer strip would be uniform for all streams. Stream setback requirements may be established within the Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance or as a separate municipal code. This method, however, does not provide the authority to control use of the corridor and may have less certainty than an overlay Zoning District.
IV - 3 V
A. Recommendations Recently Implemented
It should be noted that several of the Natural Resource Protection recommendations approved in the Comprehensive Plan of September 2000 have been implemented including but not limited to:
1. Adoption of Zoning Ordinance amendments addressing the riparian corridor protection, watershed protection, steep slope protection and other miscellaneous environmental protective measures.
2. Preparation and adoption of an Ordinance requiring an individual lot grading and soil erosion control plan for every earth disturbance, with minor exceptions for incidental earthmoving activities.
B. Recommendations to be Implemented
Based upon the background information provided and the Township Comprehensive Plan 2000 and based upon the study and findings of this Special Study, it is recommended that the Township implement some or all of the following recommendations.
This list of recommendations is divided into ''Major Projects" and "Minor Projects" based upon the size and required time for each project.
It is recommended that the "Major Projects" be assigned to a "Core Committee" for detailed planning and recommendations. It is recommended that the "Minor Projects" be implemented by Township Council with staff assistance.
Major Proj ect s
1. Preserve and protect natural resource sites by acquisition and/or purchase of development rights.
2. Establish a Plan for control of deer and invasive non- native plants.
3. Establish a Plan for stream corridor revegetation.
v-1 1 I Minor Pro] ects
1. Request that the Department of Environmental 1 Protection provide and evaluation of each of the major streams in the Township for consideration of elevating these streams to a "Special Protection" I classification. 2. Request cooperation with PennDOT for eliminating I erosion along the Bull Run. 3. Require developers along the Old Mill Road area to restore soil erosion control damage and/or I sedimentation along the Saucon Creek Mill Race area. Such enforcement may include but not be limited to the requirements for planting of stream side plants to I improve the stream corridor adjacent to that development.
4. Monitor timber operations to assure that either the I replanting plan and/or "natural regeneration" of diverse hardwoods is occurring as approved on the various approved timbering plans. If deer P overpopulation or other factors are not allowing the regeneration of diverse hardwoods as approved on various timber harvest plans, start to enforce the e plan (if possible) by requiring the replanting of diverse hardwoods and the protection of those hardwoods until they are no longer adversely affected 1 by "browsing". 5. Revise the weed Ordinance of the Township to address updated State laws, environmental protection and I wildlife habitat. 6. Amend the Zoning Ordinance Section 180-95.F(2)(a) to I protect "Vernal Ponds". 7. Work with the City of Bethlehem and/or I.E.S.I. for the protection of the north slope - Steel City hill I and Redington Cave area. Possibly, the Delaware - Lehigh Heritage Corridor organization could help I establish proper protective measures. 8. Provide annual stream testing program to monitor water quality . I 9. Undertake a hydro-geologic study to investigate potential risks to groundwater quality and quantity. The cooperation and support of the Hellertown Borough 1 Authority and Springtown Hill Water Company should be I v-2 I sought for this project.
C. Organization Options for Implementing Plan Recommendations
Various options are available for the implementation of the recommendations of the plan. Some can easily be addressed by the Township staff and Council. Other more major projects can better be addressed with assistance of a citizen or staff group that could help with the development of a detailed plan of action.
The outline provided below describes some organizational options that are available for assistance to the Township;
OPTION 1 - CORE COMMITTEE
It is recommended that the Township undertake an evaluation of priorities for natural resources elements for the Township. The Township Comprehensive Plan 2000, and this special study could be used as an initial basis for starting this project. This project would best be undertaken by a small group of individuals (hereafter, called 'Core Committee") who are familiar with environmental concerns and natural resource protection.
Once this Core Committee has identified priorities, the recommendations on priorities could be brought to the Township Planning Commission and the Council for public participation and finalization.
The detailed evaluation could establish:
1. Identification of sites for protection with a ranking of high priority sites and sites of less priority.
I 2. Identification of special tasks that should be undertaken to meet planning goals.
I 3. Identification of funding sources and prioritization of funding sources. I 4. Identification of community cooperation tasks that could be undertaken to help preserve natural resources. Cooperation could include not only agencies, but also businesses and individual property I owners. I 5. Recommendations on Ordinance improvements.
I v-3 I OPTION 2 - STAKEHOLDERS
Lower Saucon Township is in the unique position to cooperate with and draw upon resources of many governments, agencies, associations, clubs, businesses and property owners in order to help implement the recommendations of the natural resources goals of the Comprehensive Plan. Those governments, agencies and others (hereafter, called "Stakeholders") include but are not limited to:
1. Borough of Hellertown
2. Hellertown Borough Authority
3. City of Bethlehem
4. Springfield Township
5. Upper Saucon Township
6. Williams Township
7. Saucon Valley School District
8. Lehigh University
9. Allentown College
10. Various Sportsman Associations
11. Citizens Coalition of Lower Saucon
12. Saucon Association for a Viable Environment
13. Bethlehem Steel Corporation
14. I.E.S.I. of Bethlehem, Inc.
15. Wildland Conservancy
16. Saucon Valley Country Club
17. Woodland Hills Golf Course
18. The Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor
19. Northampton County Parks Department
20. Lehigh Valley Planning Commission
21. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
v-4 1 I 22. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
Each of these listed cooperators have a major interest in I the environmental protection of the Saucon Valley area, and could provide various levels of cooperation and expertise I for the protection of natural resources in the area. OPTION 3 - TOWNSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION
The Township could research and consider the possibility of I appointing an Environmental Commission, this commission is authorized by Legislation under State law and can act as a supporting commission to the Township Council for matters of I environmental protection review and consideration. I 'I II
~II 'I I I 11 I I ~I
I v-5 I 1 I NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION PLANNING COMMITTEE OPTIONS
I CORE COMMITEE OPTIONS Three to Seven Members - Five-year Term
I 1. Township Staff Team: Manager Planning Officer I Engineer
2. Township Ad-Hoc Committee: I One Member of Council One Member of Planning Commission I One Citizen - at large 3. Environmental Commission: One Member of Planning Commission I Two Citizens - at large I ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS FOR CORE COMMITTEE 1. Keep Core Committee team activity period to five (5) years to set plans in motion, but then disband committee. This will improve the focus of their I responsibilities. 2. Keep Committee small so they can meet on short notice or by fax, telephone and E-mail conferences to improve transfer of ideas and improve speed of decision I making.
3. Provide proper technical and administrative support for preparation of options, screening options, plan drafting, stakeholder and public participation notices and ~' recording, etc. Advice of special experts will be needed at certain key times. Different experts will be needed for different subjects.
This technical and administrative support will require financial support.
4. Minimize time demands on the volunteer committee members by:
A. Limiting meetings to one per month. B. Hold day time meeting if convenient. C. Plan 3 to 4 hour meetings. I D. Limit draw from Township Council or Planning Commission to no more than one members, so that members will not be overburdened by too much Township volunteer commitment. I E. Schedule committee activities from January to July so committee would not have to meet August through December.
I V-6 I 1 I STAKEHOLDER GROUP OPTIONS 1. Trial List For Additions or Deletions 1. Borough of Hellertown
I 2. Hellertown Borough Authority I 3. City of Bethlehem 4. Springfield Township
I 5. Upper Saucon Township I 6. Williams Township 7. Saucon Valley School District I 8. Lehigh University 9. Allentown College
I IO. Various Sportsman Associations I 11. Citizens Coalition of Lower Saucon 12. Saucon Association for a Viable Environment
I 13. Bethlehem Steel Corporation I 14. I.E.S.I. of Bethlehem, Inc. 15. Wildland Conservancy I 16. Saucon Valley Country Club I 17. Woodland Hills Golf Course 18. The Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor I 19. Northampton County Parks Department 20. Lehigh Valley Planning Commission
I 21. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection I 22. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
I v-7 I ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS FOR STAKEHOLDER GROUP
1. This group would not be organized, but it would be invited to give comments and advice to the “Core Committee”
2. The stakeholder list would be contacted and advised of this five-year project and their advice and assistance would be requested during the project.
3. They would be asked to provide the name of an individual that could represent their organization at appropriate times by attending one stakeholder meeting per year (March) and by providing comments on draft plan elements.
4. Representatives could take an active or passive role (as they wished,) but it is anticipated they would be formally asked for comments in March and in August, (prior to or at the public hearing).
I V-8 1 I D. Schedule of Implementation
It is recommended that the major goals of Natural Resource protection be implemented over a five (5) year planning period. Attached to this section are the following outlines for this implementation period:
Five Year Plan Annual Calendar of Planning Activities Bar-Chart of Planning Activities
I v-9 I I
I NATURAL RESOURCF PROTECTION FIVE-YEAR PLAN I I I YEAR GOALS 2001 Establish plan and budget for acquisition of land and/or d evelopment I rights.
I 2002 Establish plan for control of deer overabundance and invasive non-native I plants.
I 2003 Establish plan for stream corridor revegetation. I 2004 Evaluate and adjust (if necessary) the plan and budget for acquisition of land I and/or development rights.
I 2005 Evaluate and adjust (if necessary) the plan for control of deer overabundance I and invasive non-native plants and the plan for stream corridor improvements. I I
I v-10 NATURAL RESOURCF PROTECTION ANNUAI CAI ENDAR OF PLANN1 NG ACTIVITIES
January Establish specific tasks and assign responsibilities.
February Prepare list of options
March Hold annual Stakeholders’ meeting to receive comments on options and suggestions on additional options. (Provide 2-week additional comment period after the meeting for additional written comments from the stakeholders or the public.)
April Evaluate stakeholder and public comments and start to develop the plan.
May Finalize the plan.
June Review of the plan by the Township Planning Commission (or others).
July Revise the plan and submit to the Township Council.
August Council public hearing or meeting on the plan, (stakeholders invited).
September Council adopt plan.
Notes:
5. If any element of the plan requires financial participation by the township, the plan should be adopted prior to the budget preparation. 6. See attached ”Bar Chart”.
v- 11 NATURAL RESOURCES PROTECTION BAR CHART OF PLANNING ACTIVITIES FOR EACH YEAR 2001 THROUGH 2005
Core Committee - Establish Specific Tasks XII Core Committee - Prepare List of Options X
Core Committee - Hold Stakeholders' Meeting X Core Committee - Evaluate Comments for X Stakeholders' Meting - Develop Plan
Core Committee - Finalize Plan X Plan Review by Planning Commission X
Core Committee - Revise Plan and Submit to Council
Council Public Hearing
Council Adopt Plan
Core Committee Work
January 3,2001 D:\CMBcah\Narrative.wpd/cahlql
v- 12
I I Lehigh and Northampton Counties I I I atura1 Areas Inventory I 3urnrnary I I I I I I I I I I I Lehigh Valley Planning Commission I I I
I , I
LEHIGH AND NORTHAMPTON COUNTIES
NATUML AREAS INVENTORY SUMMARY
April I999
Lehigh Valley Planning Commission
This project was financed by the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission and a Keystone Recreation, Park and Conservation Fund Program grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Recreation and Conservation.
.-- COVER PHOTO: View of Bake Oven Knob from Bullhead Road, Heidelberg Township, Lehigh County. LEHIGX VALLEY PLANNING COMMISSION
Earl B. Lynn, Chair Geraldine Szakmeister, Vice Chair Eleanore M. Hayden, Treasurer
Lucy H. Ackeman Robert E. Korp Jane S. Baker James F. Lancsek Arthur F. Barwick Terry J. Lee David K. Bausch Henry A. Lubsen, Jr. Anthony J. Boyle Stanley M. Lysek J. William Brooks Ann McHale Donald Cunningham Grayson E. McNair Percy H. Dougherty Robert O'Neil Ira J. Faro Philip A. O'Reilly Charles L. Fraust Glenn F. Reibman Robert L. Freeman Rene A. Rodriguez, Jr. Steven L. Glickman Joan Rosenthal Thomas Goldsmith Rodney K. Schlauch Samuel A. Guttman Gerald E. Seyfiied Michael C. Hefele Glenn D. Solt William L. Heydt Andrew Twiggar Nils Hovik Richard R. Yost Robert G. Keenan
LEHIGH VALLEY PLANNING COMMISSION STAFF
Michael N. Kaiser: AICP Executive Director ** Fredenc H. Brock, AICP Assistant Director Geoffrey A. Reese, P.E. Chief Engineer Olev Taremiie, AICP Chief Planner Joseph L. Gurinko, AICP Chief Planner Howard L. Kutzler, AICP Senior Community Planner Laura M. Eberly, P.E. Senior Engineer * Thomas K. Edinger Senior GIs Analyst Lynette E. Romig GIs Analyst Susan L. Rockwell Environmental Planner Chetna A. Pate1 Senior Transportation Planner Michael S. Donchez Transportation Planner Elaine A. Sales Administrative Assistant Gayle H. Turner Administrative Secretary * Alice J. Lipe Secretary Kathleen M. Sauerzopf ReceptionidSecretary * Joseph A. Sandova Drafting Supervisor * Wilmer R. Hunsicker, Jr. Planning Technician Bonnie D. Sankovsky Drafter I
**Project Planner *Staff for this report
April 1999 ......
..
..
TABLE OF CONTENTS
... Preface ...... 111
Introduction...... 1
Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory Data System ...... 3
Natural Areas Inventory Methods ...... 4 3' information Gathering ...... 4 Map and Air Photo Interpretation ...... 4
Field Work ...... :...... 5
Data Analysis ...... 5 Priorities for Protection...... 6
Summary of Findings...... 7
Exceptional Natural Features...... 7
Top Priority Natural Areas in Lehigh County ...... 8 Top Priority Natural Areas in Northampton County ...... 9 Sites of Statewide Significance...... 12
Areas of Local Significance ...... 19 General Recommendations...... 22
Recommended Uses of the Natural Areas Inventory...... 25
Non-Regulatory Protection Programs ...... 25 Regulatory Protection Programs ...... 27
Municipal Policies and Ordinances ...... 28 Glossary ...... 31
Appendix I...... 35
Appendix II...... 39
i I ;I
LIST OF MAPS
Lehigh County Important Natural Areas ...... See pocket at at the back of Northampton County Important Natural Areas ...... the Summary
ii PREFACE
This Natural Areas Inventory Summary is a synopsis of the complete report A Natural 1. Areas Inventory of Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania. The Natural Areas Inventory was prepared by the staff of the Pennsylvania Science Office of The Nature Conservancy. The summary gives general information on the locations of rare, threatened, and endangered species and of the highest quality natural areas in the Lehigh Valley. Copies of the 3 complete report A Natural Areas Inventory of Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania are available from the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission, 961 Marcon Boulevard, Suite 3 10, Iz: Allentown, Pennsylvania 18 103-9397.
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I m r, r
r iii 1 I I I INYROQUCTIQN
Lehigh and Northampton counties are situated in the east-central part of Pennsylvania, an area rich in historical, scenic, and natural resources. The combined 728 square miles of the two counties contain a mix of forest, agriculture, industry, small towns, suburbs, and urban areas. The majority of the population lives in the heavily developed Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton II corridor, while much of the rest of the two counties has a comparatively low population density. In 1990, the valley’s overall population was recorded in the census to be 538,235, which represents an 8.1% increase over its population in 1980. Growth is expected to continue at a 1h somewhat slower rate for the next several decades. Recent growth has been influenced by the Lehigh Valley’s desirability as a place to live and work as well as by its close proximity to the larger urban centers of Philadelphia and New York City. I! The scenic rural character which still dominates much of the Lehigh Valley is made up of a patchwork of natural and human-dominated habitats including fields, pastures, forests, rivers, I streams, and ponds. The extensive forests of Blue Mountain and the many miles of rivers and streams are regularly used for a wide spectrum of recreational activities such as hunting, fishing, hiking, and bird watching. The natural systems that help create scenic beauty on the landscape I and provide opportunities for recreation also function as habitat for many wild plants and animals including rare, threatened, and endangered species. The integrity of the natural environment with its benefits to both humans and wildlife can easily be lost without careful planning of growth and development. The treat of losing critical features of the natural environment is more intense in a region that is experiencing population growth and development as rapidly as the Lehigh Valley. Careful planning can maintain open space, including natural I environments and the plants and animals associated with them. A balance between growth and the conservation of scenic and natural resources can be achieved by guiding development away I from the most environmentally sensitive areas. In order to plan development and ensure protection of critical natural areas, county and municipal governments, the public, and developers must know the location and importance of I these sites. This knowledge can help prevent conflicts over land use and direct protection efforts and limited conservation dollars to the most vulnerable areas. The Pennsylvania Science Office of The Nature Conservancy, under contract to the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission, has undertaken this project to provide a document and maps that will aid in the identification of these I critical natural areas.
The Natural Areas Inventory report presents Lehigh and Northampton counties’ known I outstanding natural features - floral, faunal, and geologic. The complete inventory is a 177- page document that provides maps of the best natural communities (habitats) and all the known locations of animal and plant species of special concern (endangered, threatened, or rare) in the I two counties. A written description and a summary table of the sites, including quality, degree of rarity, and last-observed date, accompany each map.
I Potential threats and suggestions for protection of the rare plants or animals at the site are included in many of the individual site descriptions. Selected geologic features of statewide significance are also noted. In addition, the inventory describes locations of natural areas that are I significant on a county-wide scale but cannot be deemed exemplary natural communities because 1 I I 1
I of past disturbances. These “locally significant” sites represent good examples of habitats that are relatively rare in the Lehigh Valley, support an uncommon diversity of plant species, and I provide valuable wildlife habitat at the local level. The information and maps presented in the full report provide a useful guide for planning developments and parks, for conserving natural areas, and for setting priorities for preservation I of the most vulnerable natural areas. The summary of the highest quality sites in Lehigh and Northampton counties provides suggestions for maintaining these important sites as natural areas. All of the sites in this report were evaluated for their importance in protecting biological I diversity on a state and local level, but many also have scenic value, provide water quality protection, and are potential sites for low-impact passive recreation, nature observation and I environmental education. Municipalities with sites will get a copy of the complete Natural Areas Inventory of Lehigh md Northampton Cortnties from the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission. The inventory is one tool that will aid in the implementation of county and municipal comprehensive plans. The I counties, municipalities, land trusts, and other conservation organizations can use the Natural Areas Inventcry to identify potential protection projects that may be eligible for funding through state or community grant programs. Landowners will also find this inventory useful in managing I and planning for the use of their land; it gives them the opportunity to explore alternatives that will provide for their needs and still protect species and habitats. In addition, land managers may wish to consult this report in an effort to avoid potential conflicts in areas with species of special I concern and to identify ways of enhancing or protecting this resource. Users of this document are encouraged to contact the Pennsylvania Science Office of The Nature Conservancy for additional I i nfomation. I I I I I I I i 2 I ... .. II . ..
I PENNSYLVANIA NATURAL DIVERSITY INVENTORY DATA SYSTE
I In order to plan the wise use of Lehigh and Northampton counties’ natural features, the Pennsylvania Science Office (PSO) of The Nature Conservancy (TNC) was contracted by the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission to provide an inventory of significant flora, fauna and I natural communities in Lehigh and Northampton counties. Critical to this effort is the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) data base. PNDI was established in 1982 as a joint venture of The Pennsylvania Science Office (PSO) of The Nature Conservancy, the 1 Pennsylvania Department of Conservation of Natural Resources (DCNR), and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. In its 16 years of operation, the PNDI data base has become Pennsylvania’s chief storehouse of information on outstanding natural habitat types (called I natural communities in PNDI terminology), sensitive plant and animal species (species of special concern), and heron rookeries. Several other noteworthy natural features are also mapped, including DEP-designated Exceptional Value streams (Shertzer 1992) and outstanding geologic I features (based on recommendations from Geyer and Bolles 1979). Over 10,000 detailed occurrence records, largely the result of field surveys, are stored in computer files and denoted on topographic maps. Additional data are stored in extensive manual files set up for over 150 I natural community types, over 800 plant and animal species, and about 650 managed areas, and are organized based on each of Pennsylvania’s 881 7 %’ USGS topographic quadrangle maps.
Beginning in 1982, PSO collected existing data on occurrences of elements of concern, I drawing from publications, herbarium and museum specimens, and the knowledge of expert botanists, zoologists, ecologists, and naturalists. From this foundation, PSO has focused its efforts on, and conducted systematic inventories for, the best occurrences of the priority I elements.
The PA Science Office has used this systematic inventory approach to identify the areas I of highest natura1 integrity in Lehigh and Northampton counties. These areas, comprised of natural communities with their characteristic species, should represent an estimated 85-90% of the biological diversity of an area (The Nature Conservancy, 1988); the other 10- 15% consists of I sensitive plant and animal species which occur both within and outside these natural communities. The full range of biological diversity in Lehigh and Northampton counties can be conserved by protecting sites with the best occurrences of each county’s natural communities I and by protecting good populations of each county’s sensitive plants and animal species. The natural community and sensitive species data are the basis for judging the biological values of i sites within the counties. I I I I 3 I .. .* _.
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTQRY METHODS
Methods used in the Natural Areas Inventories followed PNDI procedures. The inventory proceeds in three stages: 1) information is gathered from the PNDI data-base files, local experts, and map and air photo interpretation; 2) ground survey and reconnaissance by aircraft is I conducted; and 3) data are analyzed and mapped.
Information Gatheri ng
A list of natural features found in Lehigh and Northampton counties was prepared from the PNDI data base and supplemented with information volunteered by local individuals and organizations familiar with the counties. In the Spring of 1997 a public meeting was held and Recommended Natural Area Survey Forms were distributed to facilitate public input. TNC staff solicited information about potential natural communities, plant species of special concern and important wildlife breeding areas from knowledgeable individuals and local conservation groups. A number of potential natural areas were identified.
Map and Air Photo Interpretation PSO ecologists familiarized themselves with the air photo characteristics of high quality natural communities already documented. Additional data from vegetation maps, soil-survey maps, field survey records and other sources were consulted to gain familiarity with each county’s natural systems. This information, along with references on physiography, geology and soils, was used to interpret photos and designate probably vegetation types and potential locations for exemplary communities and rare species. In many instances, vegetation was classified at an ecosystem level, and it was therefore critical that an ecologist or person with similar training interpret the maps and air photos.
Work progressed systematically within the area encompassed by each USGS topographic map. The natural area potential of all parcels of land was assessed using aerial photographs. Areas continuing into adjacent counties were examined in their entirety. Topographic maps for use during field surveys were marked to indicate locations and types of potential natural areas based on characteristics observed on the photos. For example, an uneven canopy with tall canopy trees could indicate an older forest; a forest opening, combined with information from geology and soils maps, could indicate a seepage swamp community with potential for rare plant species. Baseline information on sites appearing to have good quality communities or potential for rare species was compiled on Potential Natural Area Survey Forms to help prioritize field work.
After an initial round of photo interpretation, field surveys were conducted to determine what was actually on the ground. Locations with minimally disturbed natural communities or with species of special concern were outlined on topographic quadrangle maps. The photo signatures (characteristic patterns, texture, tone of vegetation, and other features on the photos) of these sites were then used as a guide for continued photo interpretation and future field surveys. Photo signatures which led to poor quality sites enabled the elimination of further field work on other sites with similar signatures. 4 I- I Field Work Experienced PSO biologists and contractors conducted numerous field surveys throughout the counties during the 1997 and 1998 growing seasons. Biologists evaluated the I degree of naturalness of habitats (including assessment of percent of native vs. non-native plant species, degree of human disturbance, age of trees, etc.) and searched for plant and animal species of special concern. Workers categorized the vegetation by natural community, care being 1 taken to give reasons for the quality rank. Boundaries of the community types were redrawn, if needed, based on new field information. The Potential Natural Area Survey Form was completed for each community with a quality-rank of “C” and above. Community information recorded I included the dominant, common, and other species, as well as disturbances to the community. Field forms were completed for ail occurrences of sensitive plant and animal species, and natural communities, the quality of each population or community was assessed, and locations were I marked on USGS topographic quadrangle maps. On April 4, 1997, a reconnaissance flight was flown over the two counties to provide a more accurate overview of the current condition and extent of known natural areas and to assess I the potential of any additional areas.
I Data Analysis To organize the natural features data and set conservation priorities, each natural I community or species (element) is ranked using factors of rarity and threat on a statewide (state element ranking) and range-wide (global element ranking) basis (see Appendix I). Each location of a species element (element occurrence) is ranked according to its naturalness, its potential for I future survival or recovery, its extent or population size, and any threats to it. An explanation of the five element occurrence quality ranks is given in Appendix 11. The element-ranking and element occurrence-ranking systems help PSO personnel to simultaneously gauge the singular I importance of each occurrence of, for example, a Pitch pine-Scrub oak barren community, rough-leaved aster, or giant swallowtail in the counties, as well as the statewide or worldwide importance of these natural features. Obviously, sites with a greater number of highly-ranked 1 elements merit more immediate attention than sites with a small number of lower ranked elements. I Field data for natural communities of C-rank or better, and for all plant and animal. species of concern found were combined with existing data and summarized on PNDI Element Occurrence Records for mapping and computerization. Mapped locations of natural features, I including approximate watershed or subwatershed boundaries, were then digitized into a Geographic Information System. I Information on the needs of the rare species in this report has come from a variety of sources, including field guides and research publications. For reptiles and amphibians, the major I source is DeG-raaf and Rudis (198 1) and for birds, Brauning (1992). I 5 I I I- I
Each year biologists meet to discuss and rank the most important sites for the protection of biodiversity in Pennsylvania. This meeting consists of a review and ranking of all sites within the state, in terms of the rarity and quality of the species or habitats of concern, potential threats, and protection needs. The results of these meetings provide a baseline for the Lehigh County and Northampton County Natural Areas Inventory sites of statewide significance.
The Natural Areas Inventory recognizes sites at two primary levels of significance for the protection of biological diversity: 1) sites of statewide importance; and 2) sites of local significance. Sites of statewide importance support species of special concern or exemplary natural communities. Sites in this category that are ranked 1 or 2 may contain some of the best natural areas in the state. Locally significant sites provide locally significant habitat and may be suitable for environmental education, parks or preserves; no species of special concern or exempliiry communities have been identified at these sites.
Exceptional Natural Features: Delaware River and Blue Mountain
i In considering the value of specific sites for the preservation of biological diversity it is important to note that these sites are dependent on the integrity of larger scale systems such as rivers and mountain ridges.
The DELAWARE RIVER and its adjacent forested watersheds comprise one of the major corridors for the movement of biota in eastern Pennsylvania. This includes habitat for resident species, habitat required for migrating birds on a biannual basis, habitat for resident and migratory aquatic animals, habitat needed for the long term survival of plant species, and more. Conserving the best sites as highlighted in this report must be considered as part of the effort to conserve the greater natural functional value of the river cor~idor.In reviewing the report it is evident that many important natural areas within the county are along the river and its major tributaries. Along with these identified sites are many areas that were beyond the scope of this i: project to klly investigate. The development of a comprehensive conservation plan for the portion of the county adjacent to the river and its major tributaries, conducted in conjunction with other counties in the lower Delaware River Basin, may be the best tool for conserving this important natural resource.
BLUE MOUNTAIN is the most extensive relatively contiguous area of natural habitat in the two counties. It is also one of the major corridors for the movement of biota in eastern Pennsylvania. With its extensive forests, streams, seeps, vernal pools, rock outcrops, and boulder fields, Blue Mountain is probably the wildest area remaining in southeastern Pennsylvania. It has long been recognized as one of the major east coast fall flyways for migrating raptors. The outcrops at Bake Oven Knob have been a major resource as a research station for collecting data on these migrations. The extensive relatively unfragmented forests include habitat for resident animal species including larger mammals such as bear and bobcat, as well as €or numerous smaller mammals including the PA-Threatened Allegheny woodrat (Neotorna ma@ter). Although the mountain is primarily upland forest it includes streams, seeps, springs, and vernal pools. These features are more common on lower slopes as well as in areas at the base of the c 7 I
II mountain where drainage is poor, such as in the glaciated portion of Northampton County. These riparian and wetland areas are important habitat for a wide diversity of plant species as well as for many groups of animals, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, odonates (dragonflies and I damselflies) and other aquatic insects. Conserving sites on the mountain as highlighted in this report must be considered as part of the effort to conserve the greater natural functional value of the mountain ridge. Along with the sites identified in this report are many areas that were beyond I the scope of this project to fully investigate. Preserving the ecological integrity of Blue Mountain should be considered an important component in preserving the biodiversity of the two counties.
I All the natural areas in the two counties are important to maintaining biodiversity in the region and the state. However, the following sites are the most critical at present for maintaining biological diversity into the future (see each county map for approximate locations of these I sites).
I Top Priority Natural Areas in Lehigh County ROBERT RODALE RESERVE (Salisbury Twp., Allentown, Emmaus) - This site on I South Mountain is a large maturing second growth forest that includes a wide variety of habitat types. It supports a fair to good quality Northern Appalachian Circumneutral Seeps Natural Community and two plant species of special concern. The seeps, along with other natural 3 features including vernal ponds, small streams, and rock outcrops, create habitat that supports a large number of plant and animal species. The site is of particular value for both the preservation of biodiversity and for recreation because of its close proximity to the heavily developed greater I Allentown area. Preventing further forest fragmentation on South Mountain will benefit all the native plants and animals that rely on this area to support some aspect of their life cycles. This site is partly owned by the City of Allentown and the Wildlands Conservancy.
I HOSENSACK MARSH (Lower Milford Twp.) - This site includes areas of marsh and shrub swamp. The site has been disturbed by the construction of an electric power transfer station and associated powerline ROW. Some of the habitat created by these disturbances may be I benefiting the rare species that occurs here. The site supports a fair to good example of an animal species of concern.
I LEHIGH MOUNTAIN SEEPS (Salisbury Twp.) - This site is located on Lehigh Mountain adjacent to the Lehigh River. It includes a large maturing second growth forest with a wide variety of habitat types. It supports a fair to good quality Northern Appalachian I Circumneutral Seeps Natural Community and one plant species of special concern. The seeps, along with other natural features including forest, small streams, rock outcrops, and the adjacent Lehigh River create habitat that supports a large number of plant and animal species. The site is I of particular value for both the preservation of biodiversity and for recreation because of its close proximity to the heavily developed greater Allentown-Bethlehem area. Preventing further forest fragmentation on Lehigh Mountain will benefit all the native plants and animals that rely on this I area to support some aspect of their life cycles, Minimizing disturbance will ,also help prevent further colonization of exotic species which are a threat to the quality of the site. Part of this site I is jointly owned by Allentown, Salisbury Township, and Lehigh County. I 8 I I
I RQCKDALE CLIFFS (North Whitehall Twp.) - The site consists of sparsely vegetated vertical cliffs of the Martinsburg formation. Groundwater seepage and a northern exposure help keep the cliffs moist for part of the growing season and the resultant microclimate I creates habitat important to a PA-Endangered plant species. This site is located in the middle of a two-mile stretch of forested slope on the south side of the Lehigh River. This forest is relatively mature and includes ravines and moist north facing slopes as well as many outcrops and cliffs II with drier forest associations occurring above them. It is excellent habitat for a variety of nesting and migrating birds as well as for reptile and amphibian species. Maintaining large contiguous forested tracts such as this along the counties’ waterways will be an important step in helping to I minimize the loss of natural diversity from the county. REXTOWN PONDS (Washington Twp.) - The Rextown Ponds site has several small, I seasonally-wet, shallow depressions or ponds in otherwise well-drained, upland forest. The depressions typically have standing water in spring and early summer and often become desiccated by late summer and fall, The vegetation includes a mixture of herbaceous and woody I species, such as various grasses and sedges. A fair quality population of a Federally Threatened plant occurs in one of the ponds, Maintaining a forest buffer around this pond will help this I species persist at this site. BAKE OVEN KNOB (Heidelberg Twp.; East Penn Twp, Carbon Co.) - This site includes a Northern Appalachian Acidic Rocky Summit Natural Community. It is characterized I by prominent bedrock outcrops which are flanked by large sandstone boulders. Patches of stunted trees including red maple (Acer rubmm), sweet birch (Betula lenta), chestnut oak (Querasprinus), and scarlet oak (Querczrs coccinea) form a partially open canopy. Mountain I laurel (Kalmia latifolia) and huckleberry (Gaylussacin baccata) are common shrubs. Herbs and several species of ferns grow in areas among the rocks where soil has accumulated. This site is also recognized as an important area for scientific research. It is used every year to census I migrating raptors and other bird species. This site is partly on State Game Lands #217. I Top Priority Natural Areas in Northampton County MT. BETHEL FENS (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) - This site is a complex of at least 10 rare wetland communities, which are comprised of small calcareous fens and seeps (open I meadow-like, permaneptly saturated wetlands fed by high-pH groundwater), marshes and wooded swamps. Due toi the combination of limestone and past glaciation, the fen habitat created here is very rare, both in Pennsylvania and globally. To date, there are 15 rare plants, two rare I animals and two rare mosses known to occur in the various fen communities. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has identified the Mt. Bethel Fens as one of its highest priorities for conservation in Pennsylvania. Currently, TNC is cooperating with landowners throughout the I valley to ensure the survival of the fens.
MOUNT JACK LIMESTONE OUTCROP (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) - This site has I exposed and eroded limestone outcrops along the Delaware River which support a good quality example of a Calcareous Riverside Outcrop Natural Community, a fair quality example of a Northern Appalachian Shale Cliff Natural Community, and three plant species of special I concern. A series of sparsely vegetated rock outcrops run along the base of several steeply sloping, sparsely vegetated shale cliffs. The low-lying riverside outcrops are scoured by ice I 9 I I
I flows in late winter and by flood waters in early spring. The adjacent river includes a series of riffles and turbulent rapids which is good habitat for several animal species of concern. Historic evidence of an animal species thought to be extirpated from PA was observed during 1997 field I surveys, though no living individuals were found. Further surveys are encouraged to determine whether this species persists at the site. The natural communities and species of concern at this I site will be best protected by leaving the site in its current condition. DELAWARE RIVER WATER GAP (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) - This is one of the most striking natural features in Pennsylvania, The water gap supports a good quality example of the relatively common Northern Appalachian Acidic Cliff Natural Community. It also supports populations of a PA-Rare animal species and a PA-Endangered plant species. The cliff community also provides habitat for a variety of bird species, notably black vultures, turkey vultures, and common ravens. This site is within the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area.
BIG OFFSET BARREN (Plainfield Twp.; Hamilton Twp., Monroe Co.) - This site is a broad forested plateau which straddles the NorthamptonMonroe county line on the Blue Mountain. The forest is dry and includes a significant component of heath species such as lowbush blueberry and mountain laurel. Its relatively young age suggests the area has burned or been clear cut within this century. The site supports a fair to good quality population of a G3 PA- Endangered plant species. Long term survival of this species at this site may depend on the availability of forest gaps: A 1997 survey of the barren found the population doing well.
BEAR SWAMP (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) - This site supports an extensive fair to good quality example of a Circumneutral Broadleaf Swamp Natural Community. The swamp community occurs in two separate lobes along two separate tributaries of Martins Creek and occupies approximately 200 acres. Although there has been much historic manipulation of the landscape surrounding the swamps, the swamps are intact and support a wide range of both plant and animal species. Bear Swamp is the largest example of this kind of habitat in Northampton County. This site will be best protected by maintaining the integrity of the forest buffer and insuring a consistent hydrologic regime. Limiting or decreasing the fragmentation of the surrounding landscape will benefit this natural community. Bear Swamp is located partly within Minsi Lake-Bear Swamp County Park.
MINSI LAKE VERNAL POOLS (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) - This site supports a good quality example of an EphemeralEluctuating Natural Pools Natural Community. It may be the largest concentration of vernal ponds know from Pennsylvania. There are more than 100 pools of varying size scattered throughout several hundred acres of dry-mesic forest. Several streams and springs are also present at the site. The pools, streams, and springs create a diversity of microhabitats which in turn support a diverse flora, The great variety of wetland microhabitats make this area excellent breeding habitat for amphibians. This site has potential for several species of concern, though none were observed during our surveys. The area has seen disturbance in the past from logging and perhaps grazing, though much of the forest is currently recovering. Minsi Lake Vernal Pools is located partly within Minsi Lake-Bear Swamp County Park.
RISMILLER WOODS (Bushkill Twp.) - This site supports a good to fair quality example of an EphemeralEluctuating Natural Pools Natural Community and a good quality I 10 I 1
I population of a PA-Rare shrub species. The ponds, as well as streams and springs that also occur here, create a diversity of microhabitats which support a large diversity of herbs, ferns, and graminoid species. This variety of wetland microhabitats also makes the area excellent breeding I habitat for amphibians. The area has seen disturbance in the past from logging, though most of , the forest is currently in good condition. These woods also provide a forest corridor connecting the sizable forests at Jacobsburg Environmental Education Center with Blue Mountain. This site I will be best protected by maintaining existing forest and limiting the fragmentation of the forest on the surrounding landscape. I MOORESTOWN WETLAND (Bushkill Twp.) - This site includes areas of marsh and shrub swamp, which are fed by ground water seepage. Red maple (Acer rubrum), cattail (Typha latvolia), skunk cabbage (Symplocarpusfoetidus), and sedges (Carex spp.) are common plant I species. This wetland has been impacted by silt runoff from the adjacent farm fields as well as by the roads that may be influencing the hydrology, It supports an animal species of special concern. Maintaining the hydrology is critical to the survival of this species at this site.
11 SITES OF STATEWIDE SIGNIFICANCE
Listed below, by county, are the sites of statewide significance for the protection of biological diversity in approximate order of priority from the most important (rank = 1) to the least (rank = 5). The presence of species of special concern and/or exemplary natural communities has been documented at these sites. More in-depth information on each site including detailed site descriptions and management recommendations where appropriate, topographic maps showing locations of sites, quality ranks, legal status, and last observation dates for species of special concern and natural communities can be found in the report A Natural Areas Inventory of Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania. LEHIGH COUNTY County Site Name Rank' (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description ROBERT RODALE RESERVE The site includes a fair to good quality Northern Appalachian (Salisbury Twp.. Allentown. Circumneutral Seeps Natural Community and two plant species Emniausj of mecia1 concern. It also includes several vernal pools which are 1 impktant breeding habitat for amphibians. HOSENSACK MARSH 1 This site includes areas of marsh and shrub swamp. It supports a (Lower Milford Twp.) fair to good quality population of a PA-Endangered animal species. LEHIGH MOUNTAIN SEEPS This site includes a fair quality Northern Appalachian (SalisburyTwp.) Circumneutral Seeps Natural Comniunity and a PR plant species. Coinpetition from invasive shrubs and herbs is a threat. ROCKDALE CLIFFS This site supports a good population of a PA-Endangered plant (North Whitehall Twp.) species. The plant grows in seepy areas of sparsely vegetated cliffs that are found along the Lehigh River. Colonization of the site by exotic species is a threat. REXTOWX PONDS This site includes several sinalL seasonally-wet, shallow (Washington Twp.) depressions or vernal ponds in otherwise well-drained. upland forest. A fair quality population of a G3PA-Threatened plant I species occurs in one of the ponds. BAKE OVEN KNOB I This site includes a Northern Appalachian Acidic Rocky Summit 1 (Heidelberg Twp.; East Perm Twp.. Natural Community. This site is &so recognized as an important Carbon Co.) area for; scientifc research. It is used every year to census migrating raptors and other bird species. This site is part of State Game Lands #2 17. MILL ROAD WETLANDS This site encompasses a series of wetlands occurring along an (Upper Saucon Twp., Coopersburg) unnamed creek on the north side of Coopersburg. An animal species of special concern was observed here in 1987 and nlay siill occur at the site. Further surveys are encouraged to determine I .,...... ,* . I II me species is suii at me sire. I INDIAN CREEK FLOODPLAIN I This site includes areas of floodplain forest and open nlarsli along (Upper Milford & Lower Macungie the floodplain of Indian Creek. Evidence of a PAiEndangered tWPS.) animal species was observed at this site in 1996. Surveys to determine the status of the species of concern at this site are highly recommended 4 FRIEDENSVILLE QUARRY This site contains a fair population of a PA-Endangered plant. (Upper Saucon Twp.) The Pennsylvania Science Office of The Nature Consewancy has conducted an annual census of this population since 1989. The landowner has agreed to exclude tlie site from development plans.
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I 1 County j Site Name Rank' (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description 4 MACUNGIE WATERSHED The site includes a fair to good quality Northern Appalachian (Lower Macungie & Upper Milford Circumneutral Seeps Natural Community. The seeps have the I potential to support several state plant species of special concern though none were observed during our surveys. This site is partly owned by Macungie Borough. I 4 HELFRICH SPRINGS CAVE This site is a cave formed in limestone and dolomite. A single (Whitehall Twp.) individual of a G4 S2S3 animal species was found here in 1998. The rear portion of the cave serves as a hibernaculum for several 1 I I soecies of bats. 4 LOWER MILFORD MARSH This site is a fair to poor quality Basin Graminoid-Forb Fen (Lower Milford Twp.) Natural Community. It has potential for several species of concern including both plants and animals, and further surveys 1 are recommended. 5 (GAUFFHILL I This site supports a fair quality-- population - of a PA-Rare plant (Salisbury Twp.) occurring Gong a small &ream.Maintaining a forest comdor along this stream would be beneficial to the water quality and to the rare species. 5 CRACKERSPORT PONDS This site supports a fair quality population of a PA-Threatened (South Whitehall Twp.) shrub species and a fair quality population of a PA-Rare herb mecies. The species of concern should continue to survive at this 1
5 EASTTEXAS- A small fair to poor quality population of a PA-Threatened plant LITTLE LEHIGH CREEK species was observed at this site in 1993. Maintaining wooded (Lower Macungie Twp.) buffers along stream comdors should benefit this species. 5 CLEARVIEW ROAD This site supports a good population of a SU shrub species and a RIVERBANK SITE fair population of a PA-Threatened graminoid species. Extensive Worth Whitehall Twp.) suitable habitat for both of these species occurs along this stretch of the river. 5 TREXLERHOLLOW A roadside outcrop of Martinsburg shale supports two plant (Lowhill & North Whitehall twps.) species of concern. Further surveys are recommended to determine if the populations of these species are more widespread I I in this area Roadside herbicide spraying is a potential threat to I I I the mecies of concern at this site. his site is --uartlv on the I 1 Trexier-Lehigh County Game %serve. 5 1 BLUE MOUNTAIN PUMPING I During a survey of this site in 199 1, evidence of a PA-Threatened STATION anid- specieswas discovered. However the evidence was not (Washington Twp.) fresh. indicating that the species had been living in the area in the ll past but may not have occupied the site at the time of the survey. I This site is on State Game Lands #217. 5 I LEHIGH FURNACE GAP 1 During a survey of this site in 1991, evidence of a PA-Threatened (Washington Twp.; East Penn Twp.. anid-specieswas discovered. However the evidence was not Carbon Co.) fresh. indicating that the species had been living in the area in the past but may not have occupied the site at the time of the survey. . This site is located on State Game Lands #2 17. 5 REXTOWN QUARRY SI'R This site is an abandoned slate quarry. It supports a large (Washington Twp.) population of a PA-Threatened rush. In this case. human disturbance has created a unique habitat utilized by the species of concern 5 BEARSROCKS During a survey of this site in 1991, evidence of a PA-Threatened (Lynn Twp.) animal species was discovered. However the evidence was not fresh, indicating that the species had been living in the area in the uast but mav not lave occuDied the site at the time of the survey. I L I I I kink' I (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description __ - - I I (Heidelberg Twp.) 1 sedge species. Succession is a potential threat.
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY County Site Name Rank' (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description 1 MT BETHEL FENS Mt. Bethel Fens is a complex of at least 10 rare wetland (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp. communities, which are comprised of smail calcareous fens and seeps (open meadow-like, permanently saturated wetlands fed by high pH groundwater). marshes and wooded swamps. Due to the combination of limestone and past glaciation the fen habitat created here is very rare, both in Pennsylvania and globally. To date, there are 15 rare plants, me animals and two rare mosses known to occur in the various fen communities. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has identified the Mt. Bethel Fens as one of its highest priorities for conservation in PA. Currently, TNC is cooperating with landowners throughout the valley to ensure the survival of the fens. 2 MOUNT JACK LIMESTONE This site along the Delaware River supports a good quality OUTCROP example of a Calcareous Riverside Outcrop Natural Community (Upper Mt Bethel Twp.) and a fair quality example of a Northern Appalachian Shale Cliff Natural Community. Two species of special concern are found at this site, including a PA-Endangered plant species and a good to excellent quality population of a Tentatively Undetermined p!ant species. This site is partly owned by Northampton County. 2 DELAWARE RIVER WATER The Delaware River Water Gap is one of the most striking natural GAP features in Pennsylvania. Tlie water gap supports a good quality (Upper Mt Bethel Twp.; Smitlfield example of thc relatively common Northern Appalachian Acidic Twp.. Monroe Co.) Cliff Natural Community. It also supports populations of a PA- Rare animal species and a PA-Endangered plant species. The cliff community also provides habitat for a variety of bird species, notably black vultures, turkey vultures. and common ravens. This site is within the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. 2 BIG OFFSET BARREN This site is a broad fomled plateau which straddles the Northampton (Plainfield Twp.; Hamilton Twp.. and Momoe county line on the Blue Mountain. It supports a fair to Monroe County) good quality population of a G2G3 PA-Endangered plant species. Long-term survival of this species at this site may depend on the availability of forest gaps. This site is partly on the Appalachian National Scenic Trail Conidor. 2 BEAR SWAMP This site supports a fair to good quality example of a (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) Circumneutral Broadleaf Swanip Natural Community. The swamp community occurs in two separate lobes along two separate tributaries of Marlins Creek and occupies approximately 200 acres. Bear Swamp is located partly within Minsi Lake-Bear Swamp County Park. 2 MINSI LAKE VERNAL POOLS This site supports a good quality example of an (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) EphemeralFluctuatingNatural Pools Natural Community. It my be the largest concentration of vernal ponds known in Pennsylvania. The great variety of wetland nucrohabitats nukes this area excellent breeding habitat for amphibians. This site has potential for several species of concern. although none were observed during our surveys. It is located partly within Minsi Lake-Bear Swamp County Park. 14 .- I
County Site Name I Rank' (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description 2 USMILLER WOODS This site supports a good to fair quality example of an :Bushkill Twp.) Ephemeral;$Iuctuacmg Natural Pools-Natuxai Community and a good quality population of a PA-Rare shrub. The great variety of I wetland microhabitats found here makes this area excellent breeding habitat for amphibians. This forested riparian comdor connects the sizable forest at Jacobsburg Environniental I Education Center with Blue Mountain. Preserving these woods will provide a comdor for wildlife movement as well as habitat for the rare species. MOORESTOWN WETLAND llissite includes areas of marsh and shrub swamp, which are fed I (Bushkill Twp.) by ground water seepage. It has been impacted by silt runoff from the adjacent farm fields. It supports an animal species of special concern. I SCHOOL ROAD SWAMP This site is a wetland mosaic that includes large areas of both (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) forested swamp and emergent marsh. Two animal species of concern were observed at this site in 1996. FOUL RIFT This site along the Delaware River supports a good quality I (Lower Mt. Bethel Twp.) example of a Northern Appalachian Calcarmus Cliff Natural Community. The outcrops at the site support an excellent quality population of a PA-Rare plant species. The adiacent river supports a G4S2S3 animal species. I ISLAND PARK This isolated emergent marsh supports a wide diversity of plant (Easton) and animal species-including a large goodquality popLlation of a PA-Endangered plant species. The site has potential for other I species of concern. Limiting new access in this area of the river to foot traffic only will greatly enhance the likelihood of its remaining one of the wildest and most diverse areas in the southern part of the county. Tlus site is part of Hugh Moore Park. I HELLERTOWN MARSH This site is a gmminoid-dominated marsh located between (Hellertown,Lower Saucon Twp.) Sauwn Creek and the railroad on the west side of Hellertown. The site supporls four plant species of special concern, three of I which are PA-Threatened species. The site is excellent habitat for reptile and aniphbian species. Maintaining the treelshrub buffer around the site and the current hydrologic regime are important for the survival of these species. The site is witlun Hellertown I Borough Park. ARROW ISLAND This site supports two plant species of special concern. One (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) occurs on the island and the other in the river. This site occurs entirely within the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation I Area. EAST JOHNSONVILLE SWAMP This site supports a fair quality example of an Acidic Broadleaf (Upper Mt Bethel Twp.) Swamp Natural Community. The site also supports two plant 1 species of special concern. one of which is a PA-Endangered plant. GETZ SWAMP This site supports a fair example of a Calcareous Seepage Swamp (Upper Mt Bethel Twp.) Natural Community. This site supports four plant species of 1 concern, two of which are PA-Endangered. OLD SOW lSLAND The scoured upper end of this island supports a good quality (Willianis Twp.) population of a PA-Rare plant species. This species was last observed at tlus site in 1986. I 4 WHlPPOORWILL ISLAND The scoured umer end of this island supports a fair to good (Willianis Twp.) quality popula-tion of a PA-Rare plant species. The island is also I good habiiat for bird species such as osprey and herons. I 15 I .- ..
County Site Name Rank' (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description 3ETT'ERS ISLAND I'his stretch of the river supports two 'animal species of concern. Easton) Evidence ofboth aninlals was observed during 1997. Further surveys are encouraged to determine the size and extent of these animal populations. EXENKOPF WETLANDS TIUS site includes a series of wetlands and seepy forests along an :Willianis Twp.) unnamed tributary to Frys Run. A PA-Endangered animal was observed here as recently as 1995. In 1998 it was determined that suitable llabitat still exists. but it is marginal. VEFFS PONDS This site supports a small cluster of vernal pools located mostly Tehigh Twp.) under a foist canopy. Several of Lhe ponds support fair to good 1 quality populations of a PA-Endangered plant species. These ponds are also important for amphibians' reproduction. This site is partly within State Game Lands #168. RAESLY WOODS This site supports a fair quality Calcareous Seepage Swamp Ypper Mt. Bethel Twp .) Natural Community and a snlall population of a PA-Endangered plant. Disturbances include roads along the south nlargin, past logging, grazing, and ditch digging in some areas. Maintaining a buffer of uDland forest and leaving the hydrology intact will help to inipmve'the quality ofthis coninunity over time. RAUBS ISLAND This site is located on an island in the Delaware River. Scour (Williams Twp.) inipacted habitat supports a good quality population of a PA-Rare plant species. The island is also good habitat for bird species such & ospky and herons. 4 EAST BANGOR WETLAND This site is the largest contiguous wetland complex in COMPLEX Northampton County. It includes large expanses of forested (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.. East swamp. shrub swamp. wet meadows. springs. and open water. Bangor) The variety of cover types are good habitat for a wide diversity of plants and animals. An aniinal species of concern has been observed using the habitat at. this site on several occasions in recent vears. The site has potential for other species of concern. This siie is partly managed by the PA Fish and Boat Commission. FIVE POINTS WETLAND A fair to good population of a PA-Threatened plant species (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) occurs in> weh&d at this site. The site has potential for several other rare plant and animal species. LOHMAN WETLANDS This site has both forested and unforested areas, both influenced (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) by calcareous soils. It supports five species of special Concern. Restoration of a higher water table would likely benefit some of these species. KNECHTS POOLS This site is a gently sloping forested area that includes an (Bushkill Twp.; ROSS Twp.. MONOe Ephemeral Fluctuating Pools Natural Community. There are at Co.) least 12 vernal pools here, possibly more. This site has the potential for several plant species of special concern and further surveys are encouraged. DELAWARE SHORE NEAR A small population of a PA-Rare plant species occurs in one of KEIFER ISLAND (Lower Mt. the larger openings of this scoured peninsula in the Delaware Bethel Twp.) River. EASTERN INDUSTRIES This PA-Endangered species has been successfully reintroduced QUARRY into the Delaware River Valley after being nearly extirpated in (Lower Mt. Bethel Twp.) PA. It was observed nesthg at this site in 1998. OUGHOUGHTON CREEK This site supports a PA-Endangered species which has made a POWER HOUSE SITE successful comeback after being nearly extirpated in PA. This (Lower Mt. Bethel Twp.) species requires extensive habitat such as that associated with sea masts. lar~erivers. and lakes.
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I County Site Name Rank’ (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description 5 PORTLAND POWERPLANT SITE This site supports a PA-Endangered species which has made a (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) successful comeback after being nearly extirpated in PA. This 1 species requires extensive habitat such as that associated with sea coasts. ,large rivers, and lakes. 5 BERTSCH CREEK SEEP A seep derived tributary of the creek supports a fair quality I Tv.) population of a PA-Rare plant species. Leaving this site in its &t condition will help the &e plant persis.here. 5 EASTON BLUFF This site is a northwest facing sparsely vegetated limestone cliff. (Easton) It is found in a highly developed section of the City of Easton. It I supports a relatively large population of a PA-Endangered sedge species. 5 RAUBSVlLLE LOCK 22-23 This stretch of the Delaware supports an animal species of special I DELAWARE RIVER concern. Evidence of this species was observed during 1994 field (Williams Twp.) surveys. though no living individuals were seen. Further surveys are needed to determine the extent and qualitv of this occurrence. This site is in the Delaware Canal State Park: I 5 REDINGTON CAVE This site is a cave formed in the base of a clE.just south of the (Lower Saucon Twp.) Lehigh River. A single individual of a G4 S2/S3 animal species was found here in 1998. The site is partly located on property of I the City of Bethlehem. 5 MARITON UPLANDS This site includes forest of varying ages and several large (Williams Twp.) meadows. It supports a fair to poor quality population of a PA- Threatened plant species. This site is part of the Mariton Wildlife I Sanctuary and Wilderness Trust and is contiguous with the Locally Signifcant Area - MARITON SLOPES. 5 ANGLE SWAMP This site is a small shrub swamp with pockets of open marsh and (Washington Twp.) clumps of trees. It supports a fair quality population of a PA-Rare I shrub species. 5 FOX GAP POND This site is a small, shallow pond near the base of the Blue (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) Mountain. A PA-Threatened aquatic plant species occurs along I the edges of the Dond. LAKE POCO This site supports two plant species of special concern one of (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) which is a PA-Endangered herb. There is potential for these species of concern to occur in other springs and seeps in the I vicinity. LI’ITLE OFFSET SWAMP A fair population of a PA-Rare shrub species occupies the (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.; Hamilton ecotone between the swamp and the xeric oak forest surrounding Twp., Monroe Co.) it. The swamp is near the Appalachian Trail, and partly owned by I the National Park Service. LOHMAN SWAMP This site supports a fair to good quality example of a Calcareous (Upper Mt Bethel Twp.) Seepage Swamp Natural Cornmunity. Although this site is I relatively small and surrounded by roads, fields. and residences it is a relatively mature intact example of this natural community. POLLY ACRES SWAMP This site is a 3-5 acre broadleaf-conifer swamp. A good quality (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.) population of a PA-Rare shrub species occurs here. Keeping I ATV’s out of the swamp and maintaining a small forested buffer would help preserve the integrity of the site and the rare species it contains. I ROSETO POND This site supports a small but healthy population of a PA-Rare (Washington Twp.) plant. Tliis site is located immediately adjacent to a road and therefore roadside cutting and spraying in the pond are should be avoided. An individual of a PA-Endangered animal species was I found along a roadside at this site in 1995. A survey of the site in 1998 found no amropriale habitat for this species. I 17 I .I _. .. ..
County Site Name Rank' (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description 5 TOTEGAP This site consists of several shrub dominated rocky summit (Upper Mt. Bethel Twp.; outcrop areas located on the ridge east of Totts Gap. It supports Smithfield & Stroud twps.. poor to fair quality populations of a PA-Threatened plant and a Monroe Co.) PA-Rare plant. This site occurs within the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. 5 TO'TTSGAPSWAMP This site supports a PA-- plant species. Leaving this site in its (uuuer Mt. Bethel current condition should help the rare species to persist here. I , . -. TwP.)-. Sites are ranked from 1 to 5 with 1 indicating the higliest priority sites for protection based on state or national significance, and 5 indicating the lowest priority for protection. Ranks take into account potential threats, management needs and existing protection. Sites of similar rank are listed alphabetically by quadrangle.
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18 AREAS OF LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE
Listed below, by county, are areas of local significance based on size, diversity of wildlife and plant life, water quality pmtection, and recreation potential. (These sites do not include high quality natural communities and- no species of special concern have been documented at the sites although several of the areas have potential for rare species to occur.) EEHIGH COUNTY County Site Name Rani? (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description HIGH WE JUNGLE lliis very unusual locally significant area occurs on a floodplain :Lower & Upper Macungie twps.) n the vicinity of the confluence of Spring Creek and Iron Run. 4long with the creeks flowing through it also receives significant input from several springs. Historic records indicate this site has jupported possibly as many as sis state listed plant species in the mst. No species of concern were observed at the site during field surveys. HIGH LEHIGH MOUNTAIN This locally significant area is a large and relatively contiguous [Salisbury Twp.) second growth forest that occurs on a north facing slope above the Lehigh River. The forest supports a large number of nesting and migratory bird species and is also good habitat for many reptile and amphibian species. This site is important because it is me of the largest tracts of relatively undi-ed forest left along the Lehigh River south of Blue Mountain. Part of this site is jointly owned by Allentown, Salisbury Township, and Lehigh County. (see also LEHIGH MOUNTAIN SEEPS SITE) HIGH BLUE MOUNTAIN This locally significant area is the most extensive relatively contiguous area of natunl habitat in the two counties. It is one of the major comdors for the movement of biota in eastern Pennsylvania. It includes estensive forests with stream. seeps, springs, vernal pools, rock outcrops, and boulder fields. It has long been recognized as one of the major east coast fall flyways for migrating raptors. Conserving sites on the mountain as highlighted in this report must be considered as part of the effort to conserve the greater natural functional value of the mountain ridge. Preserving the ecological integrity of Blue Mountain should be considered an important component in preserving the biodiversity of the two counties. HIGH TROUT RUN WOODS This locallv sidicant area is a seepy woodland located along
(Heidelberg Twp.) Trout Run >t $e base of Bliic Mount&. The woods contain ~ numerous streamlets, seeps. and several vernal ponds. This forested segment of Trout Run is good habitat for numerous plants and animals. There are historic records for species of concern at this site although none were observed during our 1997 field survey. This site is partly on State Gamelands #217. MED . MEST MARSH This locally significant afea includes several acres of cattail- (Upper Saucon Twp.) sedge marsh and an adjacent segment of swampy floodplain along Saucon Creek. This site provides habitat for numerous bird species as well as many types of amphibians and reptiles. Open marsh habitat of tlus quality is uncommon in the county. This site has potential for rare species.
19 1 County Site Name Rank’ (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description MED . LEASER LAKE WOODS This locally significant site is a relatively diverse second growth I (Lynn TV.) Torest. Along with its plant diversity the site is significant for the many types of habitat it supports including streanis. seeps. lake shore. forest, and boulder fields. The site is partly owned by LeMgh County and by the PA Fish and Boat Commission. I MED . JORDAN CREEK SLOPES/ This locally significant area is a series of steep forested slopes STATE GAMELANDS #205 occurring adjacent to Jordan Creek. These second growth forests (Lowhill Twp.) are relatively mature and help create wildlife habitat along the Jordan Creek corridor. I MED. MILL HILL This site is a several mile long diiibase ridge which is partly in (Lower Milford Twp.) both Lehigh and Montgomery counties. It has extensive diverse second growth forest with good potential for several plant species I of special concern. The majority of the Montgomery County portion of this site has been acquired by Upper Hanover Township and designated for conservation and recreation purposes. I MED. BIG BEECH WOODS This site is a southeast-facing slope along Hosensack Creek with (Lower Milford Twp.) a maturing second-growth forest. Some of the trees are over two feet in diameter -most similar, mesic sites in the county are in agriculture or younger woodland. Protecting the site would allow I this natural comniunity to mature further. as well as benefit the water aualiw of the Hosensack Marsh site downstream. I NORTHAMPTON COUNTY County Site Name Rank’ (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description HIGH BINNEY AND SMITH WOODS This iocally significant area supports a relatively mature. 100 to (Palmer Twp.) 150 year old, undisturbed forest. It has a good diversity of trees and shrubs, and also supports a wide diversity of herbs and fens. The site is excellent habitat for a variety of bird species wluch prefer riparian corridors. This woodland is probably the best quality woodland remaining in Palmer Township. This tract as well as other nearby woods to the east would make an excellent addition to Hackett Park. HIGH MARITON SLOPES This locally sigruficant area is a series of forested slopes and (Williams Twp.) shaded escarpments above the Delaware River. The cool heavily I shaded outcrops at this site are good habitat for numemus fern species as well as spring wildflowers. The site is also valuable as migratory habitat for numerous bird species that use the river conidor. 1 HIGH BLUE MOUNTAIN This locally significant area is the most extensive relatively contiguous area of natural habitat in the two counlies. It includes extensive forests with streams, seeps. springs, vernal pools. rock outcrops, and boulder fields. It has long been recognized as one of the major east coast flyways for migrating raptors. Conserving sites on the mountain as listed in tlus report must be considered as part of the effort to conserve the greater natural functional value of the mountain ridge. Preserving the ecological integrity of Blue Mountain will be an important component in preserving the biodiversitv of the two counties.
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Counhi Site Name Rnn k2 (municipality) Natural Feature and Brief Description HIGH ACOBSBURG rhis locally significant area consists of over 150 acres of mostly ZNVIRONMENTAL forested lands, bisected by Busllkill Creek and Sober's Run. The ZDUCATION CENTER 3ark has a wide diversity of habitats. from shaly rock outcrops Bushkill Twp.) and hemlock forests to mesic forests of red and wlute oaks. white ash, shagbark and bitternut hickories. and red maple. Much of the i forest is fairly mature with good- structure and a diverse groundcover persists despite invasion in some areas. MED . WEAVERSVILLE PONDS This locally significant site includes an area of isolated forest II :Allen Twp.) with 12 v&l-ponds. Vegetation in and around the ponds varies. with some ponds having littlc or no vegetation (dead leaf ponds), and others having numerous species of wetland grasses and herbs. and eve shrub thickets. These ponds are a significant resource for i1 the reproduction of amphibians. MED. STEEL CITY SLOPES This locally significant area is a steep rocky north facing forested (Lower Saucon Twp.) slope above the Lehigh River. The second growth forest supports a moderate herb diversity. Extensive rock outcrops midway up i the slope are habitat for ferns and other herbs. This site is partly I owned by the City of Bethlehem. MED. This locally significant area is a notch on the Blue Mountain I ridge on the Cahon/Northampton county line. The area is dominated by a xeric hardwood forest community. Heaths such as mountain laurel and bluebemes predominate in the ground-cover. The Appalachian Trail bisects the site. A small but expanding B population of a PR plant species and a small but diverse acidic shrub/marsh occur on the Carbon County side of the gap. MED. HEXENKOPF SLOPES This locally significant area is a broad southeast facing forested 1 (Williams Twp.) slope. The sumnut of the ridge includes a large linear rock outcrop formation (see GE529). Areas adjacent to the summit have large and sinal1 boulders making up the substrate. The site also includes several seeps and at least one vernal pool. II MED. GRAND CENTRAL WOODS This locally significant area is a mesic hardwood forest dissected (Plainfield Twp.) by the headwaters of Little Bushkill Creek. The area has a good diversity of tree species and is fairly mature (80-100 yrs.). The forest shows no signs of recent disturbance, and has an uneven I age structure. Sevexal standing dead trees were observed - these are important for cavity nesting bird and bat species. A section of the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad has been converted to a walking I trail through the woods. 'Ranks are very approximate and are based primarily on the quality of the habitat. Sites with more intact natural communities (on a counties-wide scale) are given highest priority. Other sites represent areas with locally i significant woodlands or wetlands or sites that support a particularly rich or uinsual flora or fauna Areas that are already protected as park land or open space may be assigned lower rank to reflect lower urgency for protection I action. Sites of similar rank are listed alphabetically by quadrangle. i 1 I 21 I i I I GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS I Lehigh and Northampton counties have a number of groups pursuing the protection of natural areas within the counties. The following are general recommendations for protecting biological diversity in the Lehigh Valley. I
1. All sites that are ranked 1 or 2 should be targeted immediately for protection and/or management of the site and the surrounding lands. Privately-owned lands at these sites I may be protected through a combination of conservation easements and acquisition to encourage,current land use or make improvements in land use where needed. I 2. Management plans on public and private lands should address species of special concern and natural communities and assess the need for additional acres to complete protection. Each element located within a given site will need to be addressed in new I management plans for that area. Many of the already-protected sites are in need of additional land to complete protection and/or are in need of management to ensure the continued existence of the associated natural elements. Efforts are already underway to I refine management plans €or some of the high quality natural areas on public lands in the counties. I 3. Conservation easements or other low cost protection can be pursued on lower-ranked sites. All sites of lower rank but with good to excellent populations of species of special concern or good natural communities on private land should receive protection too, but a I conservation easement or some type of tax incentive may be more appropriate. Conservation easements are designed to allow landowners the current use of their land while protecting the owner and the resource from outside development pressure. Management plans will be needed to ensure that these sites remain high-quality natural I areas. Where easements are not possible, any proposals for significant land use changes should be scrutinized carefully by county and municipal planners. I 4. Low quality sites (e.g., with marginal or poor populations of listed species in marginal areas) should be carefully assessed before pursuing protection or management efforts. The rare elements may be important for the maintenance of biological diversity at the local I level, but costs and efforts for protecting these sites need to be weighed against other sites that will be left unprotected and which truly have the potential for long-term viability of elements. However, these sites may have other qualities such as scenic or recreation value 1 that make them worth protecting.
5. Locally significant sites may be protected as sites of statewide significance are I completed or as new information emerges. These are sites that do not have exemplary natural communities or known occurrences of rare species, but that could be excellent sites for county or township parks or as natural areas within existing parks (sites within existing I managed areas will need to be included in management plans). Those that can serve more than one purpose - recreation, environmental education, wildlife habitat, flood and sediment control, water supply, etc. - are ideal. Species of special concern which may be I found in some of these areas in future surveys can fit into counties’ park or preserve plans. ,
22 I i I .. I 6. Protection of the reservoirs, wetlands, rivers, and creeks of Lehigh and Northampton counties is vital, especially those that protect biodiversity, supply drinking water, and i are attractive recreational resources. Many of the sites containing rare species, natural communities or locally significant habitats in Lehigh and Northampton counties are associated with water. Protection of these watersheds is the only way to ensure the viability ff of natural habitats and water quality. Cooperative efforts on land use among municipal, county, state, and federal agencies, developers, and residents can lessen the impact of development on the watersheds and plant communities of the counties. Protecting natural areas around municipal water supply watersheds provides an additional protective buffer around the water supply, habitat for wildlife, and may also provide low-impact recreation opportunities.
7. Minimize encroachment on the parks and conservation lands throughout Lehigh and Northampton counties. Existing parks and conservation lands provide habitat for a number of plant and animal species and may be important not only on a county-wide level, but also on a regional scale. For example, they may serve as nesting or wintering areas for birds or as stopover areas during migration. Where appropriate, more land should be added or agreements worked out with abutting landowners to minimize encroachments that may threaten native flora and fauna.
8. County and municipai officials can encourage landowners whose land includes waterways to maintain vegetated buffer zones along shorelines. Vegetated buffers (preferably a PA-native plant species) help reduce erosion and sedimentation and help to shade and cool the water. This in turn benefits aquatic animal life, including the fisheries. These buffers also provide habitat for other wildlife species and help to create a diversity of habitats along the creek or stream.
9. Scrutinize development proposals for their impact on entire watersheds, not just the immediate impact area. Certainly, new housing and commercial development can be given close scrutiny before it is allowed in the areas outlined in this report and careful review can be required within any watershed in the county. Municipalities can also require minimum setbacks from all water bodies to help protect water quality. Landowners within any particular watershed can act on their own to protect water by forming watershed associations to voluntarily monitor and screen proposals in their localities.
10. Development plans should provide for creating iintural buffers between the development and the core preserve area, be it a barrens community, wetland, water body or forest. Care should be taken to ensure that protected natural areas do not become “islands” surrounded by development. When a wetland or woodland is completely surrounded by development, even if there are not direct impacts, the site is effectively isolated and its value for wildlife is reduced. Cluster development could be used to allow the same amount of development on much less land in such areas. Yet most importantly, much of the remaining forest lands should be left intact as corridors for wildlife and native plants.
11. Grassroots organizations are needed. These groups can assist with the identification of landowners who wish to protect their land, provide information about easements to landowners, perhaps acquire land, and provide management and stewardship once the land 23 -1 I is protected. Much of the work that needs to be done to protect and manage natural areas in Lehigh and Northampton counties can be done by county and municipal governments, park I managers, and conservation groups such as the Wildlands Conservancy, among others. However, these organizations will need the assistance of volunteers from grassroots organizations such as the Lehigh Valley Herpetological Society, Lehigh Valley Audubon I Society and local watershed associations and land trusts. We wish to emphasize that this Natural Areas Inventory is only a beginning. New sites 1 with good natural communities and species of special concern wait to be discovered. Plant communities and plant and animal populations are dynamic, constantly changing with time and conditions. As this information is received and updated in the PNDI data base, so too will the I Lehigh County Natural Areas Inventory. If there are any questions about the impact of the proposed development or other activity, we suggest that the Pennsylvania Science Offce of The Nature Conservancy be consulted. Questions regarding protection methods and tools for I planning should be directed to the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission. I I 1 I I I I I I I 1 24 I . .. ..
RECOMMENDED USES OF THE NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF LEHIGH AND NORTHAMPTON COUNTIES
This inventory is a snapshot of important natural areas found in the Lehigh Valley in 1997 and 1998. It can be viewed as a first step in protecting the region’s biodiversity -knowing what is important and worth saving. Local officials and citizens can plan in advance to preserve these sites. We should plan for two events.
1. The eventual transfer of the property from the current owner to a new owner, and the need to inform the new owner of the county’s and municipality’s interest in preserving existing natural areas.
2. The potential change in use of a property, either through development or management practices. Existing land owners, whether they are private citizens or a local government, need information on how they can manage natural areas to insure their continuance. Also, landowners who may be interested in developing their property can work with a municipality or the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission to prepare a creative development design that preserves the natural area.
This section of the report details specific actions that municipal and county leaders should undertake or support to preserve the identified natural areas within the Lehigh Valley. While regulatory techniques may first come to mind, there are many non-regulatory means to promote natural areas preservation.
Non-Regulatory Protection Programs
Environmental education programs
Community awareness of the significance of local natural areas is an important first step in the protection of these areas. The Lehigh Valley Planning Commission intends to hold one or more workshops to present the Natural Areas Inventory and to discuss implementation measures. The workshop will be for municipalities and landowners. Environmentally oriented organizations such as the Wildlands Conservancy and the Lehigh Valley Audubon Society also may want to sponsor programs that promote the preservation of important natural areas.
Landowner stewardship and registry programs
Stewardship programs encourage conservation of important natural lands in private or public ownership. These programs rarely require public fhding. And they have great public relations potential. Locally, Eastern Industries has been very active in protecting important natural areas that are owned by the company. In 1996 Eastern Industries gave The Nature Conservancy 30 acres in the Mt. Bethel Fens, Northampton County’s most significant natural area. Eastern Industries, PP&L, Tnc., and GPU Energy have had successful osprey nesting sites 25 ., I I on their properties along the Delaware River. PP&L, Inc. has committed matching dollars to help the Wildlands Conservancy obtain a state grant to study the bog turtle population at a PP&L property in Lehigh County. I
Landowner registry programs involve a nonbinding promise by the owner of a natural area to preserve and protect the area to the best of their ability. Any threats to the area, such as I pollution, rights-of-way, or drainage, are reported to the appropriate local government or conservancy. Owners also provide notice when they intend to sell or transfer ownership of the property. Typically, landowners enrolled in registry programs are provided information on land I management techniques and land protection options, such as conservation easements, limited development, and donations. I Partnership with Conservancies I The Lehigh Valley is fortunate to have an excellent local conservancy with a great deal of experience in acquiring and managing open space. The Wildlands Conservancy, with headquarters in Lower Macungie Township, has been preserving land in the two-county area I since the mid 1970s. Some of their notable efforts have involved important natural areas such as Robert Rodale Reserve, Lehigh Mountain Seeps, and the Rockdale Cliffs. The Wildlands Conservancy should be expected to play an important role in preserving other important natural I areas in the Lehigh Valley.
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is another organization that has been active in preserving important natural areas in the region. The Nature Conservancy is an international membership I organization committed to the global preservation of natural diversity. Locally, The Nature Conservancy has been very active in helping to preserve the Mt. Bethel Fens in Upper Mt. Bethel Township. TNC may be able to help preserve other important natural areas in our region. I
Farmland Conservation Plans I
Farmland protection and natural area protection need not be mutually exclusive. A few natural areas within the inventory may be incorporated into a conservation plan prepared by the I County Conservation District at the request of the landowner. Natural areas within a farm parcel can be eligible for the state agricultural conservation easement purchase program (Act 149 of 1988) if they are included in the conservation plan and do not represent more than 50% of the I land area.
Acquisition Programs I
Probably the best way to make sure an important natural area is protected is to have some government body or a conservancy buy it. One of the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission’s I recommendations is that all top priority natural areas should eventually be in public or conservancy ownership. The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources’ Keystone Grant Program is available on a competitive basis to help fund the acquisition of I important natural areas. Lehigh County also has a program that provides county financial support
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for local park and open space acquisition. To obtain county funds, municipalities must be willing to participate in the purchase.
Sketch Plans
Municipal governments can promote the preservation of important natural areas by encouraging landowners who intend to develop their property to participate in a sketch plan review. A sketch plan is a general layout of a subdivision used to determine the use of all the land in the property being subdivided. The sketch plan is an informal stage of design to show the relationship of the subdivision to the adjacent land, the road network, and the natural features of the land area.
The Lehigh Valley Planning Commission staff is available to make unofficial evaluations of sketch plans. This service is available by appointment only and is free. This evaluation by the LVPC staff does not replace its required official review under the Pennsylvania Municipalities I' Planning Code. A memorandum of suggestions and comments is prepared as a summary of the I review and mailed to both the property owner and the municipality. I' Regu iatoPy Protection Paog rams The focus on this section is to describe how information on rare and endangered species and habitats is currently used by federal and state agencies, and how it may be used by local I' governments utilizing powers granted by the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (MPC).
I1 Current Uses by State and Federal Agencies STATE LEVEL
I The state Bureau of Forestry, in conjunction with The Nature Conservancy and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, maintains the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI). The PNDI is a database containing records of occurrences of I rarejendangered species of flora and fauna 'ad important natural communities. In keeping with a 1987 state policy statement, this database is regularly used by the state's I' permitting agencies to determine if actions affect PNDI sites. The most notable examples of permits for which such. a review regularly takes place include activities such as new sewage faciiities, extensions of existing systems, and encroachments (wetlands, stream I: crossings, floodplains, etc.) If the agency determines that an activity is located on a PNDI site, the applicant is asked by the permitting agency or PNDI to provide more detailed information on the site. I' The applicant may be required to hire a botanisthiologist to field survey the site to verify the nature and location of the species reported on the PNDI. If the species is found, PNDI will recommend to the permitting agency that, as a permit condition, the proposed plan or I( development be modified to avoid or minimize destruction of the species. Although a permit may still be issued without requiring such modification or possible mitigation, the I 27 I PNDI strongly encourages the developer to undertake some sort of salvage or relocation effort (as a last resort) to preserve the resource.
It should be noted that all efforts are made to guarantee protection of any existing PNDI sites on state-owned property.
FEDERALLEVEL
At the federal level, review procedures similar to those conducted by the state are required. If the resource in the path of development is on the Federal Endangred Species List and the project is using federal money or is on federal lands, permits may be denied if modifications or mitigation do not take place. I
Municipal Policies and Ordinances I Even when state permits or federal monies are involved in a project, there is no guarantee that PNDI sites or the locally important sites identified in this inventory will be protected. I Therefore, if a community desires to preserve or protect these significant natural areas, it is recommended that municipalities exercise existing powers granted under the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code to provide such protection. I
Comprehensive Plan I
Natural resource areas, such as steep slopes and floodplains, are typically considered when a community prepares its comprehensive plan. The important natural areas identified in I this inventory provide a community with additional data that can be used when drafting a land use plan and community facilities plan within the Comprehensive Plan. Natural areas information in the comprehensive plan helps to: I
e Identify resources which require more stringent environmental protection standards; 1 e Identify limitations and opportunities for development associated with natural areas; Establish the foundation for protection policies to be carried out through I municipal ordinances; and, e Define future land use patterns and open space objectives. I Park, Recreation and Open Space Plan I In the Lehigh Valley, both counties and many municipalities have completed park, recreation and open space plans. Updates to current plans and new plans should include a map of 28 I I .- .. .- .. .- -. .. .;., . ..
important natural areas within their borders. These park, recreation and open space plans also should contain goals, policies and implementation strategies for protecting important natural areas.
Zoning Ordinance
Municipalities can provide for natural area preservation through various provisions in their zoning ordinance. Section 603(b)(5) of the Municipalities Planning Code (MPC) allows for zoning ordinances to permit, prohibit, regulate, restrict and determine “protection and preservation of natural resources and agricultural land activities.” Also, Section 604( 1) of the MPC states that “the provisions of zoning ordinances shall be designed to promote, protect and facilitate any or all of the following: .. . preservation of the natural, scenic and historic values in the environment and preservation of forests, wetlands, aquifers and floodplains.”
Zoning ordinance provisions need not preclude development from lands containing important natural areas, but they can allow for flexibility and creativity in the design of development near these areas. Clustering is an example of a zoning provision that can steer development away from important natural areas.
Subdivision Ordinance
The subdivision ordinance can require that natural area sites be mapped on subdivision or land development plans submitted for municipal review. This provision ensures that natural areas are considered early in the development process. The ordinance can further require the developer submit a statement listing an probably adverse effects on a species or natural community and proposed mitigation efforts, as well as any irreversible impacts on a species or community.
Official Map
Natural areas that a municipality or county may wish to acquire can be shown on an official map, as allowed by Article 4 of the Municipalities Planning Code. An official map legally reserves the location of proposed public lands and facilities. The map gives the municipality or county one year after receipt of written notice from a landowner of their intent to subdivide or develop land reserved for public use on the oficial map. A relatively accurate mapping of the area proposed for acquisition is important.
Act 537 Plan As described above, state permitting agencies evaluate proposed actions for their consistency with a state policy to consider impacts on PNDI resources. In the Act 537 Sewage Facilities Planning module, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) verifies the location of proposed development with the PNDI. If development is proposed on a PNDI site, DEP encourages the developer and PNDI to work on a mitigation plan for the site. Oftentimes a developer is unaware of PNDI sites within a project area until DEP responds to their Act 537 module request. 29 -. - ...... I I To avoid unnecessary review delays, municipalities should reference the Natural Areas Iiivenlory of Lehigh and Northamptoir Counties, Peniisyhania in their Act 537 plans, and evaluate whether their 537 plan is consistent with any community objectives for natural areas I preservation. I I I i I I I 1 I 1 I I I I
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i GLOSSARY
anthropogenic - human caused.
ATV - all-terrain-vehicle.
barrens - areas that are naturally infertile as a consequence of nutrient-poor soils; often form on resistant rock such as quartz, sandstone or highly weathered and leached glacial material.
canopy - the layer formed by the tallest vegetation.
circumneutral - pH between 5.5 and 7. i co-dominant - where several species together comprise the dominant layer (see “dominant” below).
DCNR - Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
DEP - Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. I’ diabase - a dark gray igneous rock. Soils derived from diabase have an unusual chemistry and may be habitat for rare plant species or communities.
dominant - the species (usually plant) exerting the greatest influence on a given community either by numerical dominance or influence on microclimate, soils and other species.
element - all-inclusive term for species of special concern and exemplary natural communities.
ericaceous - members of the heath family, including blueberries, huckleberries, rhododendrons, and azaleas; these plants are adapted to living in acidic soils.
Exceptional Value Waters (EV) - DEP designation for a stream or watershed which constitutes an outstanding national, state, regional or local resource. Examples include waters of national, state or county parks or forests, or waters which are used as a source of unfiltered potable water, or waters of wildlife refuges or State Game Lands, or other waters of substantial recreational or ecological significance. For more detailed information about EV stream designations, the reader is referred to the Special Protection Waters hplemeritation Handbook (Shertzer 1 992).
exotic - non-native; used to describe plant or animal species that were introduced by humans; examples include Japanese honeysuckle, purple loosestrife and grass carp. Exotics present a problem because they may out-compete native species. I’ extant - currently in existence, floodplain - low-I ying land generally along streams or rivers that receives periodic flooding.
forb - non-grass herbaceous plant, such as goldenrod.
31 'I I graminoid - grass or grass-like plant such as a sedge or a rush ground cover - low shrubs, herbs and mosses that are found at or close to the ground surface. I High-quality Coldwater Fisheries (HQ-CWF) - DEP designation for a stream or watershed which has excellent quality waters and environmental or other features that require special water 1 quality protection. For more detailed information about HQ-CWF stream designations, the reader is referred to the Special Protection Waters Implementatioti Hmidbook (Shertzer 1992). hydrology -water system of an area including both surface water and ground water. I lepidoptera - moths and butterflies. I littoral - the area where water meets land; shoreline. mesic - moist, not saturated. I natural area - as used in this study, a site with either an exemplary natural community or species of special concern; not to be confused with-the State Forest Natural Areas which are I specific management units designated by DCNR Bureau of Forestry. non-point - refers to diffuse sources of pollution such as storm water runoff contaminated with I oil or pesticides. POSCfP -Plant of Special Concern in Pennsylvania. I Potential Natural Area - used by The Nature Conservancy to denote an area that may have desirable environmental characteristics to support rare species or exemplary natural communities, but which needs a field survey to confirm; a preliminary category given to sites I prior to field survey (see METHODS section).
riparian - streamside. 1 ROW - right-of-way, usually referring to powerlines or pipelines. I seeps - where water flows from the ground in a difkse pattern and saturates the soil; lush herbaceous vegetation often grows in these wet areas. soil association - a group of soils that are geographically associated in a characteristic repeating 1 pattern and defined and delineated as a single unit. soil series - groups of soils which have vertical profiles that are almost the same, that is, with I horizons (layers) that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. succession - natural process of vegetation change through time; over time, the plant species of a I site will change in composition and structure as light and soil conditions change (e.g., a field that is left alone may, over time, be taken over by shrubs, then small trees and eventually a woodland). I
32 I I talus - slope formed of loose rock and gravel that accumulates at the base of mountains or cliffs. understory - layer of shrubs and small trees between the herbaceous layer and the canopy. xeric - extremely dry or droughty.
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APPENDIX I
FEDERAL AND STATE STATUS, AND THE NATURE CONSERVANCY (TNC) RANKS
Federal Status
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE CATEGORIES OF ENDANGERED AND THREATENED PLANTS AND ANIMALS The following definitions are extracted from the September 27, 1985 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service notice in the Federal Register:
LE - List Endangered - Taxa in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their ranges.
LT - Listed Threatened - Taxa that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future through all or a significant portion of their ranges.
PE- Proposed Endangered - Taxa proposed to be formally listed as endangered.
PT - Proposed Threatened - Taxa proposed to be formally listed as threatened. c1- Taxa for which the Service currently has on file substantial information on biological vulnerability and threatfs) to support the appropriateness of proposing to list them as endangered or threatened species. c2 - Taxa for which information now in possession of the Service indicates that proposing to list them as endangered or threatened species is possibly appropriate, but for which substantial data on biological vulnerability and threats are not currently known or on file to support the immediate preparation of rules. c3 - Taxa that are no longer being considered for listing as threatened or endangered species. Such taxa are further coded to indicate three categories, depending on the reason(s) for removal from consideration.
3A - Taxa for which the Service has persuasive evidence of extinction.
3B - Names that, on the basis of current taxonomic understanding, usually as represented in published revisions and monographs, do not represent taxa meeting the Act’s definition of “species”.
3C - Taxa that have proven to be more abundant or widespread than was previously believed and/or those that are not subject to any identifiable threat. N- Taxa not currently listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
35 State Status - Native Plant Species Legislative Authority: Title 25, Chapter 82, Conservation of Native Wild Plants, amended June 18, 1993, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources.
PE - Pennsylvania Endangered - Plant species which are in danger of extinction throughout most or all of their natural range within this Commonwealth if critical habitat is not maintained or if the species is greatly exploited by man. This classification shall also I include any populations of plant species that have been classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated, but which subsequently are found to exist in this Commonwealth. D PT - Pennsylvania Threatened - Plant species which may become endangered throughout most or all of their natural range within this Commonwealth if critical habitat is not rnaintained to prevent further decline in this Commonwealth, or if the species is greatly i exploited by man. PR - Pennsylvania Rare - Plant species which are uncommon within this Commonwealth. I All species of native wild plants classified as Disjunct, Endemic, Limit of Range and Restricted are included within the Pennsylvania Rare classification.
PX - Pennsylvania Extirpated - Plant species believed by the Department to be extinct I within this Commonwealth. These plant species may or may not be in existence outside this Commonwealth. If plant species classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated are found to exist, the species automatically will be considered to be classified as Pennsylvania D Endangered.
PV - Pennsylvania Vulnerable - Plant species which are in danger of population decline I within Pennsylvania because of their beauty, economic value, use as a cultivar, or other factors which indicate that persons may seek to remove these species from their native habitats. 1
TU - Tentatively Undetermined - Plant species which are believed to be in danger of population decline, but which cannot presently be included within another classification I due to taxonomic uncertainties, limited evidence within historical records, or insufficient data. 1 N- None - Plant species which are believed to be endangered, rare, or threatened, but which are being considered by the required regulatory review processes for future listing. I D D
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State Status - Animals The following state statuses are used by the Pennsylvania Game Commission for (1990, Title 34, Chapter 133 pertaining to wild birds and mammals) and by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (1991, Title 30, Chapter 75 pertaining to fish, amphibians, reptiles and aquatic organisms):
PE - Pennsylvania Endangered
Game Commission - Species in imminent danger of extinction or extirpation throughout their range in Pennsylvania if the deleterious factors affecting them continue to operate. These are: 1) species whose numbers have already been reduced to a critically low level or whose habitat has been so drastically reduced or degraded that immediate action is required to prevent their extirpation from the Commonwealth; or 2) species whose extreme rarity or peripherality places them in potential danger of precipitous declines or sudden extirpation throughout their range in Pennsylvania; or 3) species that have been classified as “Pennsylvania Extirpated”, but which are subsequently found to exist in Pennsylvania as long as the above conditions 1 or 2 are met; or 4) species determined to be “Endangered” pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, Public law 93-205 (87 Stat. 884), as amended.
Fish and Boat Commission - Endangered Species are ail species and subspecies: (1) declared by the Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior to be threatened with extinction and appear on the Endangered Species List or the Native Endangered Species List published in the Federal Register; or, (2) declared by the Executive Director (PaFC) to be threatened with extinction and appear on the Pennsylvania Endangered Species List published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin.
PT - Pennsylvania Threatened
Game Commission - Species that may become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout their range in Pennsylvania unless the causal factors affecting the organism are abated. These are: 1) species whose populations within the Commonwealth are decreasing or have been heavily depleted by adverse factors and while not actually endangered, are still in critical condition; or 2) species whose populations may be relatively abundant in the Commonwealth but are under severe threat from serious adverse factors that have been identified and documented; or 3) species whose populations are rare or peripheral and in possible danger of severe decline throughout their range in Pennsylvania; or 4) species determined to be “Threatened” pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, Public law 93-205 (87-Stat. 884), as amended, that are not listed as “Pennsylvania Endangered”.
Fish and Boat Commission - Threatened Species are all species and subspecies: (1) declared by the Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior to be in such small numbers throughout their range that they may become endangered if their environment worsens and appear on a Threatened Species List published in the Federal Register; or, (2) have been declared by the Executive Director (PaFC)to be in such small numbers throughout their range
31 ...... ~. I I that they may become endangered if their environment worsens and appear on the Pennsylvania Threatened Species List published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin. I 1 TNC Global Element Ranks G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences or very few I remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor@) making it especially vulnerable to extinction.
G2 -- Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals or I acres) or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. I 63- Either very rare and local throughout its range or found locally (even abundantly at some of its locations) in a restricted range or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction throughout its range; in terms of occurrences, in the range of 21 to 100. I
G4 - Apparently secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. I
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. I GH - Of historical occurrence throughout its range, Le., formerly part of the established biota, with the expectation that it may be rediscovered (e.g., Bachman’s Warbler). I GU - Possibly in peril range wide but status uncertain; need more information. GX - Believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g., Passenger Pigeon) with virtually no I likelihood that it will be rediscovered. I
TNC State Element Ranks I S - Critically imperiled in state because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it especially I vulnerable to extirpation from the state. S2 - Imperiled in state because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals or I acres) or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state. S3 - Rare or uncommon in state (on the order of 21 to 100 occurrences). I S4 - Apparently secure in state, with many occurrences. 38 I I -_ . .. I I S5 - Demonstrably secure in state and essentially ineradicable under present conditions. 1 SA - Accidental in state, including species which only sporadically breed in the state. SE - An exotic established in state; may be native elsewhere in North America (e.g.. house I finch). SH - Of historical occurrence in the state with the expectation that it may be rediscovered
I SN - Regularly occurring, usually migratory and typically non-breeding species for which no significant or effective habitat conservation measures can be taken in the state. I SR - Reported from the state, but without persuasive documentation which would provide a basis for either accepting or rejecting (e.g., misidentified specimen) the report. 1 SW - Reported falsely (in error) from the state but this error persisting in the literature. SU - Possibly in peril in state but status uncertain; need more information.
I SX - Apparently extirpated from the state. I Note: A “T” appearing in either the G Rank or S Rank indicates that the intraspecific taxa is being ranked differently than the species. A “Q’ in the rank indicates that there is taxonomic I uncertainty about a taxa being ranked (i.e., taxa is being accepted as a full species or natural community in this list but may be treated as a variety or form by others). A “?” after a “G” or “S” I indicates that the rank is uncertain at this time. I I I I I I I 39 I ...... ~ I .. I APPENDIX IS i PENNSYLVANI.4 NATURAL DIVERSITY ELEMENT OCCURENCE QUALITY-RANKS I Quality Rank* Explanation i A Excellent occurrence: all A-rank occurrences of an element merit quick, strong protection. An A-rank community is nearly undisturbed by humans or has nearly recovered from early human disturbance; further distinguished by being an extensive, -i well-buffered occurrence. An A-rank population of a sensitive species is large in area and number of individuals, stable, if not growing, shows good reproduction, and exists in natural habitat. c B Good occurrence: protection of the occurrence is important to the survival of the element in Pennsylvania, especially if very few or no A-rank occurrences exist. A B- i1 rank community is still recovering from early disturbance or recent light disturbance, or is nearly undisturbed but is less than A-rank because of significantly smaller size, poorer buffer, etc. A B-rank population of a sensitive species is at least stable, in a I minimally disturbed habitat, and of moderate size and number. C Fair occurrence: protection of the occurrence helps conserve the diversity of a I region’s or county’s biota and is important to statewide conservation if no higher- ranked occurrences exist. A C-rank community is in an early stage of recovery from disturbance, or its structure and composition have been altered such that the original I vegetation of the site will never rejuvenate, yet with management and time partial restoration of the community is possible. A C-rank population of a sensitive species is in a clearly disturbed habitat, small in size and/or number, and possibly declining. i D Poor occurrence: protection of the occurrence may be worthwhile for historical reasons or only if no higher ranked occurrences exist. A D-rank community is I severely disturbed, its structure and composition been greatly altered, and recovery to original conditions, despite management and time, essentially will not take place. A D-rank population of a sensitive species is very small with a high likelihood of dying -c out or being destroyed, and exists in a highly disturbed and vulnerable habitat. E Verified as extant, but has not been given a rank; additional information needed to J evaluate quality. i *Intermediate ranks may also be assigned.
40 APPENDIX B
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I , I I I I Natural Resources Inventory of I Lower Saucon Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania I August 28,2000 I I I I I
I Ann F. Rhoads, Ph.D. and Timothy A. Block, Ph.D. Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania I 9414 Meadowbrook Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19118 1 I I I 1
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgments ...... 2 Executivesummary ...... 3 Introduction and Background ...... 4 Location ...... 4 Physiography and Geology ...... 4 Hydrology ...... 4 LandUse ...... : ...... 7 SurveyMethods ...... 7 Important Resources ...... 8 Species of Special Concern ...... 8 Forested Areas ...... 8 Deer Over-abundance ...... -9 Invasive Non-native Species ...... 9 RiparianCorridors ...... 10 Springs and Seeps ...... 10 Vernal Ponds ...... 10 Limestone Wetlands ...... 11 Important Natural Resource Areas ...... 11 General Recommendations ...... 16 Land Protection ...... 16 Riparian Protection and Restoration ...... 16 Township Ordinances ...... 17 Hydrological Study ...: ...... 17 References ...... 1 .. 18 Appendix A - Fact Sheets on Species of Special Concern Appendix B - Vernal Pool information Appendix C - Herpetological Survey Species List Appendix D - Fish Survey Species List by Stations Appendix E - Vascular Plants Species List Appendix F - Guidebook for Riparian Corridor Preservation
List of Figures Figure 1 Geological Map ...... 5 Figure 2 Watershed Map ...... 6 Figure 3 Important Natural Resource Areas ...... 12 'I .- .... I Acknowledgments I We want to thank all the residents of Lower Saucon Township who permitted members of the survey team to enter their properties. Concerned Citizens of Lower Saucon facilitated the process of obtaining I landowner permission, Tom and Keri Maxfield and Glen Kern were particularly helpful. Jeffrey Zettlemoyer, Township Zoning officer also I assisted in contacting landowners.
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Executive Summary This inventory was undertaken at the request of the supervisors of Lower Saucon Township and under a contract entered into between Lower Saucon Township and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania and dated April 5,2000. The work was canied out by Drs. Ann F. Rhoads and Timothy A. Block of the Morris Arboretum and subcontractors Reichard's Herpetological Services, who surveyed reptiles and amphibians, and Robert W. Criswell, who surveyed fishes.
Major natural resources of Lower Saucon Township are: water in the form of springs, seeps, and streams; the Reading Prong is the source of natural stream flow and provides water supply for the township and adjacent municipalities through reservoirs and protected watershed lands;
extensive forested slopes that provide habitat for a diversity of birds and other wildlife, protect water quality and quantity, and provide a prominent green matrix that is important to the quality of life for the people of the township;
vernal ponds and other wetlands that provide habitat for several state endangered plants and a variety of reptiles and amphibians.
No federal endangered species were found, however one bat and six plant species that occur in the township are listed as species of special concern by the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI).
Ten areas were identified in which conservation efforts should be concentrated to protect important natural resources. 1. Black River corridor 2. Cooks Creek tributary headwaters 3. Crestline Road ravine 4. East Branch Saucon Creek headwaters 5. Granite Hill 6. Kohlberg Hill 7. Lehigh River comdor 8. Saucon Creek comdor 9. Silver Creek wetlands (Cooks Creek watershed) 10. Swoveberg Hill
Methods of land protection include zoning, land acquisition (fee simple),'purchase or donation of conservation easements. We strongly recommend that the township initiate a program of riparian comdor preservation and suggest that guidelines recently developed by the Montgomery County, Pennsylvania Planning Commission are a good model. In addition we also suggest re- evaluation of the township's weed ordinance.
3 I Hntroduction/Bac kground I Location Lower Saucon Township is located in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. The township is bounded on the north by the Lehigh River and the boundaries of the city of Bethlehem and I Hellertown Borough. To east lies Williams Township, Northampton County. Bucks and Lehigh counties form the southern and western boundaries respectively. Interstate Route 78 crosses the I township from east to west, an extension of Route 33 which will link to Route 78 in Lower Saucon Township is currently under construction. Routes 378 and 412 are prominent north- I south roads. Physiography and Geology The township includes portions of the Reading Prong of the New England Province, the Great I Valley of the Ridge and Valley Physiographic province and a small comer of the Newark Basin of the Piedmont Lowlands. Each of these physiographic provinces has characteristic land forms and associated geology. The Reading Prong is geologically the oldest of these landscapes. It is I characterized by gneiss and quartzite hills of the Pochunk, Byram, and Hardyston formations which are Precambrian in age (figure 1). These hills rise 350-600 feet above the adjacent valleys dominating the landscape and providing a forested background. The top of Kirchberg Hill is the I highest point in the township at 1006 feet above mean sea level. Other prominent hills include Kohlberg Hill (981 ft.), South Mountain (980 e.),Swoveberg hill (850 ft.), Focht Hill (81 1 ft.), 1 and Granite Hill (800 ft.). The valleys are underlain by Cambrian and Ordivician era limestones and dolomites of the I Tomstown, Allentown, Epler, and Rickenbach formations (figure 1). Sinkholes are not unusual. The greatest expanse of limestone lies west of Hellertown extending to fhe Lehigh County line I comprising the drainage basins of Black River and Saucon Creek. In the southwest comer of the township the Piedmont physiographic province is represented by a small triangular portion of Triassic era quartz fanglomerate (figure 1) which extends south and I west into Lehigh and Bucks Counties.
Hydrology I Most of the township lies within the watershed of the Saucon Creek, a tributary of the Lehigh River or its sub-basins Black River, Polk Valley Run, and Silver Creek. The northeastern comer I drains directly into the Lehigh River and a small area along the southern boundary of the township is part of the Cooks Creek watershed (see figure 2). Streams originate in headwaters areas of springs and seeps on the gneiss slopes usually at contacts or faults (Miller et al. 1939). I Because of the limestone substrate, stream flow in the valleys can suddenly disappear into subterranean voids or sinkholes. A known limestone solution cave (Redington Cave) exists I along Bull Run east of Redington. I 4 I I Surface geology of Lower Saucon Township (fig. 1) Cambrian and Ordovician limestones and dolomites Allentown Formation Epler Formation Leithsville Format ion Rickenback Formatior I Precambrian gneiss uartzite Hardyston Formation Granitic Gneiss (Pochunk) Hornblende Gneiss (Byram) Triassic fanglomerate Quartz Fanoglomerate Watersheds of Lower Saueon Township (fig. 2)
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W 1 s .. Land Use The limestone valleys have been the most intensively used part of the landscape, having been farmed since the earliest days of European settlement. Little farming activity remains in the township, but the stone farmhouses and barns still stand. Many former pastures and farm fields have sprouted houses with manicured lawns, or tangles of multiflora rose. Several large golf courses are located in the township.
The hills, due to their steep, rocky character have remained primarily forested although most have been timbered repeatedly. In recent years residential development has resulted in homes being built farther and farther up the slopes and tucked back into the woods. Even in areas that remain mostly forested, the land ownership pattern is highly fragmented. The recent completion of Interstate 78 has resulted in an accelerated rate of development throughout the area. In April 2000, development proposals involving over 500 dwelling units were either approved and awaiting construction, or proposed (338 approved but not yet built, another 208 proposed) according to the draft comprehensive plan update.
The largest single landowner in the township is the Hellertown Borough Authority which maintains 2 reservoirs and 575 acres of associated watershed lands on Swoveberg and Kohlberg Hills. The City of Bethlehem owns a 221 acre tract along the Lehigh River west of Redington.
Abandoned quarries and mine holes dot the landscape reflecting the use of the geological resources of the area as a source of iron ore and limestone for the local iron industry, and limestone for lime and cement operations. In addition sand was quarried from areas of decomposed gneiss in several locations, A large landfill that serves the city of Bethlehem is located in the northern part of the township north of Applebutter Road. '
Survey Methods This inventory of natural resources was carried out by Drs. Ann F. Rhoads and Timothy A. 'Block of the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. Subcontracts were entered into with Reichard's Herpetological Services for a survey of reptiles and amphibians and Robert W. Criswell for a fish survey.
Procedures utilized included initial review of maps and aerial photographs, survey of earlier environmental reports available through the township engineer's office and the gathering of other relevant published and unpublished literature including the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) records, Northampton County Natural Areas Inventory (Cameron et al. 1999), Delaware and Lehigh Canal National Heritage Corridor Natural and Recreational Resources Evaluation (Mead et al. 1992), references on birds (Moms et al. 1984), geology (Miller et al. 1939) and flora (Schaeffer 1949) of the Northampton County area.
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Local birders were consulted regarding birding hot spots and a general appeal was made to I residents for information on important natural resources. I From all the above sources plus observations made while driving around the township, areas were targeted for field surveys. To the extent that permission could be obtained, surveys were carried out between April 22,2000 and August 11,2000. Altogether more than 80 sites were I surveyed: 30 by Rhoads and Block, 46 sites by Reichard's, and 7 sites by Criswell. Surveyors noted species of special concern (as classified by PNDI), unusual natural communities, areas of high biological diversity, and other features of local or regional significance. Fish surveys were 1 conducted of all significant streams in the township using a Coffelt backpack electrofishing unit. Locations of significant features were recorded using a hand held GPS receiver CMT MC-GPS 1 made by Corvallis Microtechnology, Corvallis, OR. I Important Resources Several types of features stand out as particularly significant natural resources. These include species of special concern, large forested areas, riparian corridors, water sources including .I springs, seeps and headwaters streams, limestone wetlands, and vernal ponds with adjacent forested habitat.
I Species of Special Concern Populations of the following plant species of special concern (PNDI 2000, DCNR 1988) were found in the township during the survey (for descriptions of each species see Appendix A): I official status ginseng Panax quinquefolia PA vulnerable goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis PA vulnerable I nodding trillium Trillium cernuum PA undetermined prairie sedge Carex prairea PA threatened 1 waterpod Ellisia nyctelea PA threatened Wood's sedge Carex tetanica PA threatened
I No new records of state or federally listed animal were found, however, a previous survey (Cameron 1999) reported the presence of a state-listed bat at Redington Cave.
I Forested Areas Because of the hilly nature of the Reading Prong and the limitations on building on steep slopes, the landscape of Lower Saucon Township still includes a number of extensive forested areas. i Most notable are slopes along the Lehigh River, Granite Hill, Kirchberg Hill, Swoveberg Hill and Kohlberg Hill. a Lower slope forests are mostly of the red oak-mixed hardwood type, with successional tuliptree I forests present in areas where timber harvesting was done in the past. Upper slopes tend to be of I 8 a I
the dry oak-mixed hardwood type (Fike 1999). Several plant species of special concern were I found on forested slopes in these areas during the survey. In addition large forested areas support populations of birds such as Pileated Woodpecker, Worm-eating Warbler, and Yellow Warbler I which need unbroken forest habitat. Flying squirrels, red squirrels and an occasional coyote and black bear also frequent these areas.
I Forested slopes are also essential to maintain the quality and quantity of water emanating from springs and seeps located on the lower slopes and prevent erosion and siltation of streams. These forested areas are also very important to the visual character of the township, they provide a I green background that contributes significantly to the quality of life for area residents.
Deer overabundance - Deer overabundance is a problem in many parts of Lower Saucon I Township as it is throughout Pennsylvania and the northeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Loss of natural predators, reduced hunting pressure, and abundant sources of food from agriculture and home landscaping have allowed deer populations to reach abnormally high levels. Browsing by I deer is selective initially, with highly preferred plant species sought out for consumption. Even at that early stage the diversity of wildflower and shrub species can be affected. As deer I numbers grow the animals begin to feed on everything they can reach creating a visible browse line at about 4.5-5 feet below which little green remains. Continued heavy browsing will completely eliminate the wildflower, shrub, and sapling tree layers of the forest and threaten the I ability of the forest to replace aging or harvested trees. Heavily browsed forests also support a lower diversity of birds, as those that nest in the understory and shrub layers are lost. Severely browsed forests with a distinct browse line and severely depleted ground layers are present in I many parts of the township. The most severe problem is on South Mountain where the forest
floor is essentially bare. 8
I Invasive non-native species - The presence of invasive, non-native species is another factor affecting forest integrity in the township. Competition from non-native species has been described as a serious threat to native biodiversity, second only to incompatible land use. Weedy 1 species that are particularly troublesome in Lower Saucon Township include the shrubs: multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), bush honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii), and autumn olive I (Elaeagnus umbellata), and herbaceous species: garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), and stilt grass (Microstegium vimineurn). Butterfly-bush (BuddZeja davidii), a popular landscape shrub that is in the early stages of establishing itself as an invasive weed, was found in several locations I throughout the township. Deer browse intensifies invasive species problems as deer rarely eat the non-native plants but in I consuming the native understory, make room for further expansion of the invaders. Outbreaks of gypsy moth may also have allowed species like garlic mustard to spread by opening up the canopy and allowing more light to reach the forest floor. Invasive species are most troublesome I in abandoned fields, pastures and other open or formerly open areas. Forest fragmentation II facilitates invasion by non-native species as forest edges are vulnerable to colonization. I 9 I - . .. . .- 7 .. .. _. . -_ .. i
Riparian Corridors Although stream valleys have been subject to intensive use over the years, some stream segments that are bordered by trees, shrubs and floodplain woodland or meadow habitat are still rich areas for reptiles and amphibians including frogs, salamanders, turtles, and snakes. Forest types include silver maple floodplain forest and sycamore-river birch-box elder floodplain forest (Fike 1999). Maintaining or restoring natural riparian vegetation and maintaining continuity with adjacent meadow and wetland habitat areas also contributes to stream quality and benefits aquatic organisms.
Springs and Seeps Water may be the single most important resource in Lower Saucon Township. Springs and seeps located on the lower (and occasionally upper) slopes of almost all of the hills in the township are notable for the amount of water they produce. The springs and seeps, which are primarily in the eastern part of the township, are the headwaters areas for the East Branch of the Saucon Creck, Silver Creek (Saucon Creek tributary), Polk Valley Run, and several tributaries of Cooks Creek including a second stream known as Silver Creek. The Hellertown Authority has recognized the importance of these areas by establishing two reservoirs and 575 acres of associated watershed lands in the township, mainly on Swoveberg and Kohlberg Hills. In addition several township residents draw their domestic water supply directly from surface springs on Swoveberg and Kohlberg Hills and perhaps other areas also. The survey teams observed areas of springs and seeps in numerous locations.
Natural communities present include skunk cabbage-golden saxifrage forest seep (Fike 1999). Springs and seeps are also important habitat for amphibians such as the northern spring salamander, northern two-lined salamander, northern red salamander, ahd northern dusky salamander, all of which are dependent on good water quality. Protection of up slope watersheds is critical to maintaining water quality and quantity of the springs and seeps.
Vernal Pools Vernal pools are depressions that are filled with water during the spring and early summer, but usually become dry later in the year, they are classified as wetlands. Vernal ponds, because of their intermittent nature, do not support fish. They are however, critical breeding sites for certain amphibian species including wood frog, spring peeper frog, spotted salamander, and red-spotted newt.
In order for ponds to support breeding populations of frogs and salamanders they must be located in forested surroundings which allow the movement of the amphibians from the breeding ponds where they spend their juvenile period to upland areas where they spend the remainder of their life cycle. Manmade ponds surrounded by mowed turf may be inhabited by a few bullfrogs or green frogs, but they do not substitute for the diversity of wildlife supported by vernal ponds in a woodland setting.
10 ~. .I ...... - . .. . -. . I .. I During the survey vernal ponds in appropriate forested surroundings were observed in several areas of the township, usually at the base of a slope. Because of their low elevation locations, I vernal ponds are very vulnerable to changes in land use. Recent site preparation for a 22 home development along the East Branch of the Saucon Creek has destroyed several vernal ponds that I were located along the south side of the creek. More information on vernal pools is available from an article in the Summer 2000 issue of Keystone Wildnotes (see appendix B) or from the Vernal Pool Association at I www.vemalpool.org. Local high school teacher, Lance Lenhardt, and his students have conducted surveys of vernal pools on Hellertown Authority lands and might be enlisted to do a I more comprehensive survey of vernal pool habitat throughout the township. Limestone Wetlands Wet meadows and marshes on limestone OCCUT in several areas of the township. These areas are I extremely rare throughout the region and provide habitat for several plant species of special concern as well as potential habitat for a wide range of reptiles and amphibians. Continuity I between wetland patches in the form of stream corridors or other natural connectors is extremely important for maintaining viable breeding populations of animals such as frogs and turtles that have limited mobility. Small isolated populations are unlikely to be able to survive in the long I run.
I Important Natural Resource Areas The ten areas described below were selected for their outstanding naturkl resource values, see I figure 3 for general locations. Sites are arranged alphabetically. Black River Corridor 1 Black River flows through a landscape of moderately grazed pastures, meadows, fragments of floodplain forest, and lawns between Surrey Road and the Hellertown Borough boundary. This area yielded the highest number of reptile and amphibian species of any area surveyed with 14 e species. The high species richness along this riparian comdor makes it significant. Black River lies in the most heavily developed section of the township, maintaining the continuity and diversity of riparian habitat along the stream corridor is essential to protecting the diversity of I reptile and amphibian species in the future.
Cooks Creek, headwaters I This site lies at the headwaters of a tributary of Silver Creek in the Cooks Creek watershed. A rocky, wooded hillside grades into swamp forest from which a tributary of Silver Creek flows I down the hill into SpMgtown. A vernal pond in a woodland setting provides a breeding site for wood frogs, spotted salamanders and other amphibians. A total of 13 reptile and amphibian I species and over 100 birds have been observed at the site. Unfortunately the diversity of plant I 11 I 1
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I species is being adversely affected by high deer numbers, a browse line is very evident throughout the forested areas. Many shrub and herbaceous species are in a suppressed state and I may be extirpated from the site if deer density remains high. Crestline Road Ravine An unnamed tributary of the East Branch Saucon Creek forms a rocky ravine at the southwest I end of Granite Hill north of Crestline Road. Augmented by springs and seeps, the stream flows through a very scenic wooded valley. Adjacent slopes at the west end of Granite Hill are covered with a red oak-mixed hardwood forest community. Although we were permitted to walk I only the lowest part of the ravine, it was clear that this site should be a high priority for preservation.
I East Branch Saucon Creek, headwaters This area, at the eastern edge of Lower,Saucon Township, consists of extensive wetland which I are part of the headwaters of the East Branch Saucon Creek. The mosaic of springs, seeps, streamlets, forested wetlands, and intervening upland forest provide a variety of habitats for wood frogs, spring peepers and other amphibians that live and breed in the vernal ponds and I wetlands. Wetland community types range from small sedge-dominated wetland openings to forested swamps with a dense ground cover of skunk cabbage. Several natural vernal ponds and I manmade ponds are also present. Granite Hill Of all the hills in Lower Saucon Township, Granite Hill offers the greatest natural habitat I diversity with its rocky spine and extensive north-facing talus slope. Although several houses have been located on the top of the hill, most of the hill remains in a natural condition. The rock- covered upper slopes grade into forested lower slopes that extend to the East Branch of the I Saucon Creek below. Despite some timber harvesting in the past, the forest is healthy and intact with a fair diversity of species present in the shrub and wildflower layers. A healthy shrub layer I is present as deer browse has not been so severe as to alter the forest structure. The rocky ridge top supports plant species such as Allegheny-vine (Adlumiafungosa) and herb robert (Geranium robertianum) not seen elsewhere in the township. Forest community types present include: red I oak-mixed hardwood forest, dry oak-mixed hardwood forest, &d birch-blackgum rocky slope woodland (Fike 1999).
I Kohlberg Hill Including Reservoir Park Kohlberg Hill on the BucksDJorthampton County line includes a large contiguous forested area. Both the north and south sides of the hill also contain important headwaters areas and water I sources for municipal use. The south side of Kohlberg Hill is part of the Cooks Creek watershed, several areas of springs and seeps supply water to tributaries of the Silver Creek that joins Cooks Creek in Springtown, Bucks County. Several residents along Springtown Hill Road draw their I domestic water directly from springs on the slopes of Kohlberg Hill. The Hellertown Authority owns land, including a site known as Reservoir Park, on the north side of Kohlberg Hill which is I in the watershed of Polk Valley Run, a tributary of the Saucon Creek. I 13 I -. I d
Reservoir Park is listed as one of 22 selected birding areas in the Lehigh Valley (Morris et al. I 1984). The extensive forested slopes of Kohlberg Hill provide nesting habitat for a high diversity of birds including Ruffed Grouse, Pileated Woodpecker, Acadian Flycatcher, Kentucky and Worm-eating Warblers, Black-billed and Yellow-billed Cuckoos, Oven Bird and Scarlet I Tanager. Wetland areas of seeps, tussock sedge marsh, streams, and impoundments provide habitat for a diversity of reptiles and amphibians. Plant diversity is also fairly high, 14 species of I ferns were identified in the Reservoir Park vicinity during a May visit. Deer browse has been excessive in some areas but not throughout. I Lehigh River Corridor Wooded slopes and forested floodplains along the Lehigh River in the northern part of the township should be protected. Although a cleared swath interrupts the continuity where Route I 33 will cross the river, this area still represents a significant forested riparian corridor. Downstream lies Hugh Moore Park in Easton and across the river is the wooded corridor along I the Lehigh Canal Towpath. The river corridor is listed as a hot spot for bird diversity in the Lehigh Valley (Moms et al. 1984). Osprey, orioles and many other nesting and migratory species are seen regularly. Other I wildlife including river otter also use the area (sill Sweeney, Environmental Education Specialist, Jacobsburg State Park, personal communication). A variety of riverine turtles were I observed along the river bank and islands during the herpetological survey including painted turtle, map turtle, common snapping turtle, and the non-native red-eared slider. A survey of fish species in the river indicated 7 species present in the vicinity of Lauback Island near Steel City, I however the diversity may be higher as the depth and current were to great for a comprehensive survey with the equipment available. Redington Cave, which houses a bat colony (Cameron I 1999) is located on the east side of Bull Run near its mouth. The forested slopes support a variety of habitats including rocky outcrops where turkey vultures nest and hillside wetlands of springs and seeps that provide water to Bull Run. Several plants of I special concern are present. Other plants that are locally uncommon include stands of the native rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum),the colorful rock harlequin (ColydaZis 1 sempervirem), and the attractive red and yellow native columbine (Aquilegia canadensis). Bull Run, appears to have been impacted by runoff fkom Interstate 78 as the lower portion of the creek below the highway crossing is severely scoured compared with the portion of the creek I immediately above the 1-78 crossing. I Saucon Creek Corridor Saucon Creek enters Lower Saucon Township from Lehigh County and flows through a golf course, residential area and along agricultural land. From the mouth of Polk Valley Run north to I Friedensville Road it forms the township boundary with Hellertown Borough. It is the most substantial waterway in the township other than the Lehigh River. The creek contains fairly I good numbers of native brown trout and 13 other fish species making it a popular area for I 14 I ._ ., .. I. -. .. _. .
.. .. I I..
fishing. Bird diversity is also good, a Great Blue Heron rookery is located along the creek just I upstream in Lehigh County and herons forage along the creek throughout the area. I Limestone outcrops are prominent in the vicinity of Old Mill Road and the golf course, where the ruins of lime burning kilns can also be seen. Recent construction activity along Old Mill Road has caused severe erosion and siltation in the creek corridor and may have triggered the recent I formation of a new sinkhole in the old mill race. The presence of a riparian buffer of native, or partially disturbed native vegetation is an I important feature of the Saucon Creek corridor. Although impacted by non-native invasive species including multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), shrub honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii), obtuse-leaved privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium), Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidaturn), I garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and dame's rocket (Hesperis rnatronalis),the vegetated buffer strip also contains many native floodplain plants and functions to filter runoff form adjacent lands and protect the stream banks. Between Walnut Street and Fnedensville Road, protected I lands on the west side of the creek lie opposite Hellertown Marsh, the site of an important natural wetland community noted in the county natural areas inventory (Cameron 1999). Every effort I should be made to protect andor restore a forested riparian buffer along the entire length of the Saucon Creek in the township. I Silver Creek Wetlands (Cooks Creek watershed) Located along Silver Creek in the Cooks Creek watershed is an area of open sedge fen/marsh/wet meadow characterized by tussock sedge (Carex strictu), sweet flag (Acorns calamus), cat-tail I (Typha latifolia), and scattered clumps of willow (Salix sericea) and shrub dogwoods (Cornus amomum and C. rucemosa). Spring, seeps and associated rivulets flow through the downstream part of the site, closer to Orchard Road, recent ditching along the road may have affected the I flow of water in the marsh by creating a channel directly into the creek.
The site, which extends into Bucks County, contains populations of two state threatened plants. I It also provides habitat for a diversity of reptiles and amphibians, 5 species were recorded during surveys. An important feature of this site is the connectivity it offers with marsh and wet meadow habitat located downstream in Bucks County. Too often wetlands like this become I separated &om similar habitat with the result that isolated reptile and amphibian populations are I too small to be viable breeding units over the long terrn. Swoveberg Hill Native red oak-mixed hardwood forest covers most of the rocky slopes of Swoveberg Hill. I Although the shrub layer has been somewhat browsed, a multilayered forest structure is present except where the forest is still recovering from a recent timber harvest, suggesting that hunting pressure is sufficient to prevent severe over browsing. The Hellertown Water Authority owns I land on the south slope of Swoveberg Hill including a reservoir surrounded by conifer plantations. Several vernal ponds are also located on the water authority lands which extend I across Lower Saucon Road and on the south side of Banko Lane. 1 15 I ...... ' .. ,...... I ..
The north side of the ill contains several areas of springs and seeps which are the headwaters of I Silver Creek in the Saucon Creek watershed. An artificial pond fed by springs is located mid- slope, outflow streamlets join tributaries of Silver Creek. Several vernal ponds and wet I depressions are located along the base of the hill on the north and east sides. The forest on the north side contains an excellent stand of native red oak-mixed hardwood forest I grading into successional tuliptree forest in some areas and a dry oak-mixed hardwood forest in the steepest, rockiest parts. Portions of the forest are gradually recovering fiom a timber harvest about 10 years ago. Three plant species of special concern are present on the forested lower I slopes on the northeast side of the hill however selective deer browse threatens one of them.
I General Recommendations Land Protection I An effort should be made to preserve the forested matrix that defines the character of Lower Saucon Township. Forest protection will also help to protect the hillside springs and seeps that I are the basis for important water resources and wetland habitat. Strategies for land protection are many and varied. Many counties and townships in eastern Pennsylvania have initiated referenda to authorize bond issues or taxes dedicated to open space I protection. In some cases these programs may provide local matching funds required under state Growing Greener grant programs or vice versa.
I Other possibilities include programs to encourage owners of larger properties to sell or donate conservation easements to protect all or part of their properties from hture development. Conservancies and land protection organizations such as the Wildlands Conservancy, Heritage I Conservancy, Natural Lands Trust, other local or regional land trusts may be helpful in identifying additional sources of assistance.
I Land protection is made more challenging by the fragmented pattern of land ownership that prevails in the township. The formation of watershed groups or other alliances of land owners I would help to coordinate land protection efforts. Riparian Protection and Restoration I In order to stabilize stream banks, prevent erosion and siltation, and reduce non-point source pollution, existing riparian vegetation should be protected by a buffer zone along all creeks including headwaters streams. A guidebook for riparian corridor preservation published by the I Montgomery County, Pennsylvania Planning Commission recommends a riparian buffer of at least 75 feet (Anonymous 1996). A copy is included in Appendix B. Restoration of riparian I vegetation should be encouraged in areas where the land has been cleared to the creek banks. I Watershed assessments and development and implementation of watershed protection plans and I 16 I . .. ._ - , 5 .. I
I restoration projects are major emphases of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's Growing Greener Program (www .Growing Greener. org). I Township Ordinances Several township ordinances have a direct bearing on natural resource protection. In addition to I ordinances dealing with noxious weeds and forestry which are discussed separately below, the town council and or planning commission may wish to explore alternatives to current standards for detention basins and road widths that would provide some flexibility when applied to forested I sites.
Chapter 59 Lower Saucon Township Noxious Weed and Visual Obstruction Ordinance - I Although the ordinance appears to be directed at legitimate health and safety issues, the list of prohibited plants is unrealistic. Many of the species targeted, such as buckhorn plantain, mouse- I ear and common chickweed, purslane, wild carrot, lamb's quarters, and several of the hawkweeds, are such common lawn, garden, and roadside weeds that they could not realistically I be eliminated from the township. The list also includes several native plants and could potentially conflict with the regulations protecting rare species under PA Code Title 17, Chapter 45 Protection of Pennsylvania Native I Wild Plants as it includes all species of dodder (Cuscuta), bedstraw (Galium), and hawkweed (Hieracium). Several species in each of these genera are classified as endangered or threatened species in the state (DCNR 1988, PNDI 2000). Oxeye daisy, another prohibited plant, is I routinely included in PennDOT roadside wildflower plantings. Perhaps a more defendable approach would be to reference the list of plants cited in Act 1982-74 Pennsylvania Noxious I Weed Control Act and subsequent amendments. Another potential outcome of the township weed ordinance is to force the premature mowing of I fields that might otherwise provide habitat for a diversity of birds, butterflies, and other wildlife. Grassland birds are declining throughout Pennsylvania due to habitat destruction. Mowing too early in the season while nesting is still underway is a serious problem (Crossley 1999). I Butterflies too depend on the herbaceous vegetation of old fields where milkweeds provide the larval food plant for monarchs, black swallowtails use wild carrot and its relatives, and the I goldenrods and asters of late summer and fall provide nectar for adults of many species. Forestry - The impact of deer overabundance on forests should be considered in evaluating proposals to harvest timber. The traditional reliance on natural regeneration to regenerate forest I tree cover is not applicable in heavily browsed areas. A forestry plan must include an evaluation I of the potential for deer impact to prevent or severely restrict regrowth of trees. Hydrological Study I Water is clearly an important natural resource in Lower Saucon Township, not only for the I 17 I I
residents of the township, but also for Hellertown Borough, portions of Bethlehem and the I Springtown area in Bucks County. The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, in provisions addressing zoning and subdivision ordinances, permits measures to "assure the I availability of reliable, safe and adequate water supplies to support intended land uses within the capacity of available water supplies" and "to promote, protect and facilitate ...p reservation I of. ..aquifers" (Municipalities Planning Code 603(d), 503( 10). A hydrological study should be undertaken to define recharge areas and other aquifer parameters affecting water quality and quantity as an important step toward a more comprehensive plan for I the protection of Lower Saucon Township's water resources. The Hellertown Borough Authority and the Springtown Water Company in Bucks County should be partners in such an effort. I
References I Anonymous. 1996. Guidebook for Riparian Corridor Preservation. Montgomery County I Planning Commission, Norristown, PA. Cameron, Donald S., Richard M. Ring, Anthony F. Davis, Nancy Clupper, Jenni L. Farber, Susan Klugman, John R. Kunsman, Andrea Leimanis, Betsy Ray. 1999. A Natural Areas 1 Inventory of Lehigh and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania. The Nature Conservancy, Middletown, PA.
I Crossley, Gary. 1999. A Guide to Critical Bird Habitat in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Audubon Society, Harrisburg, PA.
I Fike. Jean. 1999. Terrestrial and Palustrine Plant Communities of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Harrisburg, PA.
I Mead, Linda J., Patricia A. Pingel, Leon Kowalski, Sanford R. Bender and Florence Wharton. 1992. Delaware and Lehigh Canal National Heritage Comdor Natural And Recreational I Resources Evaluation. Heritage Conservancy, Doylestown, PA: Miller, Benjamin LeRoy, Donald McCoy Fraser and Ralph LeRoy Miller. 1939. Northampton I County, Pennsylvania, County Report 48. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Harrisburg, PA. Moms, Bernard L., Richard E. Wiltraut, and Frederick H. Brock. 1984. Birds of the Lehigh I Valley Area. Lehigh Valley Audubon Society, Emmaus, PA.
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. 1988. Conservation of Native I Wild Plants. Pennsylvania Code Title 17, Chapter 45. I Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. 2000. Endangered, threatened, and candidate species. I 18 I .. . .. d I I Appendix A Descriptions of Plant Species of Special Concern
I Ginseng Panax quinquefolia, Ginseng Family I Status: Pennsylvania vulnerable Ginseng was once widely distributed in Pennsylvania's forests, however unsustainable harvesting in many areas has nearly eliminated it. The market for ginseng roots is still strong, however, I interstate and international sale of the plant is closely regulated under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna treaty (CITES) in an effort to I prevent it from becoming totally extinct. Ginseng is an herbaceous perennial that grows in rich deciduous forests &om Quebec to I Minnesota and South Dakota and south to Georgia, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. It has become rare throughout its range. The plants, which are 8 to 24 inches tall, bear small greenish-white I flowers in June that are followed later by a cluster of red berries. Goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis, Buttercup Family I Status: Pennsylvania vulnerable
Goldenseal is an herbaceous perennial about 10 to 15 inches tall that bears a small greenish- I white flower in April or May followed by a raspberry-like red berry. Its name refers to the root which is a deep golden yellow inside. It grows in rich deciduous forest;. In Pennsylvania it is I found mainly in the southern half of the state. Goldenseal is believed to have medicinal properties, native Americans used it to treat a range of I ailments. The plant has been widely collected from the wild for use, leading to its decline in some areas. Although occasionally locally abundant, it needs to be protected from unsustainable harvesting. It occurs from Vermont to Michigan and Minnesota and south to North Carolina, I Tennessee and Arkansas.
Nodding trillium I Trillium cemuum, Lily Family Status: proposed for listing
I Nodding trillium is an herbaceous perennial of moist deciduous forests which often grows at the edges of forest wetlands. In Pennsylvania it is found mainly in the southeastern portion of the I state , but even there it is infrequent. I Like many forest wildflowers in Pennsylvania it is threatened by deer overabundance. Trillium I 1 I - .. . .. I ..
I is especially vulnerable as deer seem to seek out members of the Lily Family. With its three leaves clustered at the top of the stem, one bite removes them, stopping growth for an entire season. Overall, nodding trillium ranges from Newfoundland and Quebec to Maryland and 1 Delaware. Prairie sedge I Carex prairea, Sedge Family Status: Pennsylvania threatened
I This plant is an herbaceous perennial of calcareous marshes and fens. It flowers and bits in late May and June. As with Wood's sedge, its dependence on limestone wetlands is part of the reason for its rarity in Pennsylvania as much of that habitat has been destroyed. Historically prairie I sedge was known from 17 or 18 sites in the state, today it is limited to small populations in just a few locations.
I Considered secure globally, prairie sedge extends fiom Quebec to Saskatchewan and south to I New Jersey, Ohio, and Iowa. As its name suggests, in the Midwest it is a plant of the prairies. Waterpod, Aunt Lucy Ellisia nyctelea, Waterleaf Family I Status: Pennsylvania threatened
This plant is an herbaceous annual known fi rn only six other locations in Pennsylvania, and i apparently gone from nine additional sites in the state where it once grew. It grows OR river and canal banks and in moist alluvial woods. The small white flowers are produced in late April and May on plants that reach a height of 8 to 15 inches. By mid-June the plants have completed their I yearly life cycle. I Waterpod is primarily a plant of the Midwest, it ranges from Michigan and Indiana to Saskatchewan and the western mountains. In the east it occurs irregularly fiom New York to Virginia. It is considered secure globally, but endangered in Pennsylvania due to the small I number of sites and its decline at a number of previous locations. Wood's sedge I Carex tetanica, Sedge Family Status: Pennsylvania threatened
I Wood's sedge is an herbaceous perennial. Like other species of the genus Carex, it produces its inconspicuous flowering heads in late May and June.
I This state threatened sedge grows in wet meadows and swales on limestone, a habitat that was never abundant in Pennsylvania and has declined over the years as wetlands were filled or I drained. Because limestone wetlands are so scarce, this species and the natural community of I 2 I _. I . I I which it is a part needs protection. Although known historically from approximately 30 sites in eastern, south central, and western Pennsylvania, today it is present at only six or eight locations, three of them in Northampton Coqnty.
The total range of Wood's sedge extends from Massachusetts to New Jersey and west to Minnesota, Nebraska, and Alberta. It is considered secure at the global level.
3 I I Appendix IF3 I Vernal Pool Information I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I D = t7k:es the creepjt out ofthe crawlies Educating public is first step to conservation IlEN the Wild Resource Conservation Fund was formed in the early 1980s, the Iicatlw the of Fish Commission, Ralph Abe\e. dec\ared that the new organiza- tion had the toughest teaching job in the state. “You’ve got to educate the peo- ple,” the late Abele said, “aboiit the creepy crawlies of Pennsylvania.” The fund. after all, doesn’t deal with majestic game species such as deer, bear or trout. Nor does it inanage vast ,wood- lands or parks. Its rlom:iin is liigliliglitetl by the likes ol’ fungi. snakes, wootlrats, with some hutlerllies and iirds mixed in. The Fund supports research on the species tliat are neither hunted nor fished. That’s the viis t iii:i,jori t y of I’e n n s y I van i a’s 63 species of m:iinrnals; iihout 380 birds, 77 repriles and amphibians; IS9 fish: 2.500 native plants; and unknown nuni- bers of fungi, lichens, bryophytes and insects. l’liat includcs niany species - such ;IS bats and snakes - that people fear. So the Fund. which was legally prohih- itctl I‘rom receiving money from tlie si;itc Gcncl-al hncl. was in tlie position of collecting donations to study species rn:iny people loathed. It I-espontled by adopting tlie strate- gy once stated by foiwier Gov. Gifford l’iiicliot wlio advised that if‘ you’re try- iiip to do sonietliiti~tliat is right. hut the priblic “won‘t stand for it,” there El)UCKI.It IN conlinum on page 6 ..-...... y3:itjs pay :
I This is tiit world of the verniii pond. where many of the inhabitants are in ;I race asainst time. Vernal ponds are tem- I porary pools of water created by snow melt and spring rains (hence the name “vernal.“ which is derived from the Latin word for spring). In most years, I they dry up during the summer. Any salamander that hasn‘t metamorphosed into a ground-crawling adult will shriv- el up along with the pond. I Salamanders are carnivorous to begin with. But some, to increase their chance of survival, will even eat their brothers I and sisters. “The cannibals grow fast,” Maret observed. As part of a project supported by the Wild Resource Conservation Fund, I Maret and Wilson are worhng to docu- ment the abundance and survival of amphibians in a group of vernal ponds I in Michaux State Forest in Southcentral Pennsylvania. One way they do that is by taking standard five-minute samples in each pond, checking to see what they I catch; if the makeup of their catch changes over time, it could signal a change in the pond environment. 1 Harsh as pond life may sound, vernal pools are actually good places for many species of salamander. Because vernal ponds go dry, they don’t support fish that I would devour young salamanders. Most pools don’t support big, predatory bull- frogs. either. Bullfrogs need a pool to be continuously filled for three years before I they can metamorphose into adulthood. Certain species breed nowhere else. Vernal ponds are essential for mole sala- I manders such as the spotted, Jefferson and marbled salamanders. They live Despite their importance, no one knows how inany vernal ponds ure in Pennsylvania most of their lives underground in holes where they are located. ‘Tim Maret, a biology professor at Shippensburg Universi& I or burrows dug by other animals - studying how forestry practices affect vernal ponds. hence the name mole - but migrate Despite their importance, no one ponds remain. exclusively to vernal ponds to lay mass- knows how many vernal ponds are They can be built upon, bulldozed c es of eggs. The pools are also the only in paved over without anyone knowing th breeding sites for wood frogs, and are Pennsylvania or where they are located. I full of tiny fairy shrimp - so-called Because of their temporary nature, they ponds are present. Developers hav “sea monkeys.” The shrimp drop eggs can go unnoticed - and therefore unpro- sometimes turned the natural depre: which remain dormant in the sediment tected - by wetland regulatory pro- sions into stormwater ponds, directin I for months - even years - until the ,Tams. runoff from nearby roads and parkin pond refills. “They are the underdogs of wet- lots into them. “That,” McCarthy saic While mole salamanders, fairy shrimp lands,” said Mike McCarthy, a biologist “will not be very good for them. and wood frogs depend on vernal ponds, with the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service. Rainwater is not only unnaturally heate I the pools are also important for a host of “They are easily overlooked and easily when it hits pavement, it also picks u other wetland dwellers. Dragonflies, destroyed. By definition, they are small pollution and carries it along. damselflies, and other insects are abun- and isolated from other waterbodies, Protecting something no one kno~ I dant, as well as some species of snakes and at certain times of the year some of about is difficult. Some states are deve and turtles. Waterfowl are often seen them dry up, making them unrecogniz- oping volunteer progams, often usin stopping at them. Sometimes rare species able. That is why these habitats need high school biology classes, to fin turn up: Last year, Maret found northern some special protection.” ponds. In Massachusetts, wher 1 leopard frogs. which are declining in the In places where people have made McCarthy was once a high schoc region. “Vernal ponds are best known for estimates, the losses can be staggering. teacher, an entire manual has been deve their amphibians,” he said. “but they In California, it thought that less than 7 oped which students use to locate ponc I have all sorts of unique organisms.” percent of the state’s original vernal and certify - based on the species foun .. iiizr.? - [ilar tn~y3j-e in&L ‘\I----,;:-. lli. pool.:. . Mort tila!: i .O!M vtrn~ipo~!~ ip ‘tns PONDSfrom ~a,oe4 .. s[:i[e arc no%’ cenifiei mu 2~:special I prorecrior.. The program. initiated by habica: To: tnc northeastern, buirush. Reading Memorial High School biolo- which is listed federally as an endan- gy teacher Leo Kenney. has not only gered species, the U.S. Fish and I irovided the state with valuable infor- Wildlife Service protects the ponds mation, it has been a hit with students under the Endangered Species Act. and become a model for other pro- But for most ponds, McCartily said, grams across the nation. ”Students are the best form of protection is probably I so well-trained because of the efforts of education. “If they are on private Leo Kenney and others,” McCarthy lands.” he said, “it’s going to require a said. “that they are training teachers to full-time education project just to alert I go out and certify.” people to even the minimum .level of Vernal pond habitat can be de.stroyed environmental education, which is even if the pond itself is never touched. awareness.” Pennsylvania‘s vernal ponds are found Indeed, even the experts can be chal- I r almost exclusively in -woodlands, and lenged at finding the temporary ponds, the trees that surround the pools are which are rarely mapped. “The easiest dl essential for shading the water, reducing time to find these ponds is ‘in the spring, I evaporation and controlling silt runoff when the wood frogs are calling and into the pools. “Siltation is iery hard on then to track down the wood frogs,,” the eggs,” Maret said. “They can suffo- Ivlaret said, slinging his net over his cate.” Caterpillars falling from the trees shoulder and heading for another of the I into the water seem to be an important more than 30 ponds he’s monitoring. food for some species, especially mar- Over time, the work of Maret, Wilson bled salamanders. and a colleague, Randy Cassell, who is When trees are cut around a pond, pool studying adult salamanders on vernal 1 habitat can be destroyed. Direct sunlight ponds, will help to determine how impor- can cause the ponds to dry faster, reduc- tant buffers are to ponds; perhaps even ing the chance that larval amphibians will how wide they should be. Wilson’s work 1 emerge as adults. This is especially criti- has already indicated that ponds with cal for spotted salamanders, which are the wider buffers generally have more last to enter the pond and breed, leaving species. Many species their larvae in the tightest race to mature. Beyond that, it provides the start of I what Maret hopes will be a long-term ponds, but a tru Part of Maret’s study is aimed at bet- identified thougt ter understanding how forestry practices examination of an understudied Pennsylvania habitat. Besides the cut- “obligate” specir affect vernal ponds. A decade ago, a vernal pond dur ting of trees and development, vernal I clear cut exposed several of the ponds cycles. In this re he is studying. Though trees are regrow- ponds could face other threats. One con- include: ing, the ponds remain largely exposed to cern, Maret said, is acid rain. Although D MOLESAL. . the sun. In many of the more open ponds vernal ponds tend to be naturally acidic, their name frorr I they have looked at, iMaret has seen no the ponds he is studying - in a region of their lives livi ’ spotted salamanders escape during the hard-hit by acid rain - are even more forest floor. But . past two summers. acidic than expected, which may be rainy nights, the: 9 “The mortality rates seem to be very threatening eggs or larvae. I 1 high, probably because the animals Maret’s five-minute pond surveys ? aren’t getting out before the ponds don’t tell scientists every species that is - . . ..-- ...... dry,” Maret__ sad. wne tlllng.. mat will be inter- present. But ‘over time, the systematic I esting to see will be what happens as sampling will tell them if the abun- these forests recover.” He suspects the dance, or the types of species using the ponds will stay wet longer, and more ponds, begins to change. Then they can salamanders will survive. begin searching for reasons. I In Pennsylvania, the Department of Concern about vernal pond habitat, Conservation and Natural Resources’ and the species that use them, is likely to Bureau of Forestry today requires a “no- increase in the future. There are growing cut” buffer within 100 feet of vernal worries about amphibians in general, I ponds. and cutting is limited for an addi- which appear to be undergoing a world- tional 100 feet beyond that. “One thing wide decline, and some think it could be we have to give the Bureau of Forestry a sign of broader environmental prob- I\ credit for is that even in the absence of lems. The cause is unclear. Contributing regulations, they have decided to leave a factors could include everything from ’ buffer,” Maret said. thinning ozone layers affecting. their grams, no one can t Still, the vast majority of vernal sensitive skins, loss of habitats, disease, Long-term infor I ponds in the state are probably on pri- pollution - the list goes on. vate lands, and don’t get that kind of The problem seems less severe in the because amphibia protection. In areas where they provide Eastern United States than elsewhere. notorious for wid - .------But because amphibians have not been adults this year left I I PONDS continues nn nnrre 5 .- . .. .- - ...... T//?,/l.ii!r'c. .
li?C; WK,~.;(I W!/,YO/iiirs docurnejzri/!: the aI7uri- rlarice arid sun~iiulqf anipbihiaris in a group qf venial ponds in Michciiis State Forest. They do that by taking standard jivr-minute samples in each pond .and checking . to see what they catch; ifthe make- up of their catch changes over time, it could signal a change irz the pond environnient. I OBLKATESPECIES IN REGIONALVERNAL PONDS any species use temporary tions to the area where they were but a true "vernal" pond is hatched to mate and lay masses of ed though the presence of eggs, returning to their upland habitat Ime" sDecies which must use a within a few days.The eggs produce 2 pondduring parts of their life larvae which must develop into adults In this region, those species and begin their life as terrestrial ani- mais before the pools dry. I:MOLESALAMANDERS: These get Mole salamanders in the region ame from their spending most include the spotted salamander, the r lives living in burrows on the Jefferson salamander, and the marbled 90 oor. But each year, on certain salamander. nights, they make mass migra- WOODFROGS: They live in upland forests, but venture to vernal pools in early spring to lay masses containing hundreds of eggs before returning to the woodland for the remainder of the year.Tadpoles grow in the pool and eventually follow the adults to the adjacent woods. If the pool dries too soon, the tadpoles will become food for birds, reptiles and passing mammals. Spotted Salamander D FAIRYSHRiMp:These are small about an incn in size - seen in the crustaceans that spend their enure lives, spring. Females drop an egg case on the no more than a few weeks, in a vernal pool bottom, where it can remain dor- pool. Eggs may hatch in late winter or mant for months, or even years, until Wood Frog early spring, with adults - growing to water returns to the pool.
IO one can be certain. that could be the lingering effects of the information now." rm information is important drought that hit the region last summer. amphibian populations are Sorting out what is causing changes, he f For information about venial pools, JS for wide fluctuations. The acknowledged. is a "statistical night- year left egg masses that were mare." But, he added. "we won't know Associarion Ean last year. Maret speculated anything if we don't start collecting the site at M'1i.)~:I'eriialpool.or~ I I Appendix C I Herpetological Survey Species List I prepared by Reichard's Herpetological Sevices I I I I 3
i .I . I I I I I I I I I I I Lower Saucon Township Herpetological Survey
I SPECIES LIST I Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded During 2000 Survey I Caudata-Salamanders Ambystoma maculatum Spotted Salamander I Desmognathus furcus Northern Dusky Salamander EuTycea bislineatcp Northem Two-lined Salamander Ewycea 1. longicauda Longtail Salamander I Gyn’nophilus p. porphyriticus Northern Spring Salamander Notophthalmus v. viridescens Red-spotted Newt Plethodon cinereus Northern Redback Salamander I Plethodon glutinosus Northern Slimy Salamander Pseudotriton r. ruber Northern Red Salamander
I Anura-Fro g;s I B$o a. americanus American Toad Hyla versicolor Gray Tree Frog a Pseudacris c. crucifer Northern Spring Peeper I Rana catesbeiana BuWog Rana clamitans melanota Green Frog Rana paluspis Pickerel Frog I Rana sylvatica Wood Frog I Testudine-Turtles - Chelydra s. serpentina Common Snapping Turtle Chrysemys p. picta x marginata Painted Turtle (hybrid) I Clemmys guttata Spotted Turtle Clemmys insculpta Wood Turtle Graptemys geographica Common Map Turtle I Sternotherus odoratus Common Musk Turtle Terrapene c. Carolina Eastern Box Turtle I Trachemys scripta elegans Red-eared Slider I I 8 I .. -. . -. .. . --... - . - .. 1. I
I Serpentes - S nakes I Coluber c. constn’ctor Northern Black Racer Diadophis punctatus edwardsii Northern Ringneck Snake Elaphe 0. obsoleta Black Rat Snake I Lampropeltis t. triangulum Eastern Milk Snake Nerodia s. sipedon Northern Water Snake Storeria d. deknyi Northern Brown Snake I Thamnophis s. sirtalis Eastern Garter Snake I I I I- I I I I I I I I 9 I 1
Appendix D I Fish Survey Results and Sampling Station Descriptions
I prepared by Robert W. Criswell I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I .. .* . .. . -- _. I -. . . . : Lower Saucon Twp. I Northampton County Fishes By Station I I I I I I I I I I I I A = abundant I C = common U = uncommon I R = rare I I I I I STATION DESCWTIONS Lower Saucm Township - Northamption County I Station 1: Saucon Creek - at Bingen Rd. (SR 3003) bridge. 300 meters upstream Hard-bottomed section whbstrate of boulder/rubble - some areas impacted with I silt and sand. 70% pool - 20% run - 10% riffle, Mean width approx. 7m. Total fish numbers relatively low. 12 species present, Electrohhing time = 15'56".Lathng: 40- I 34-41 & 75-19-22. Station 2: Saucon Creek - at Meadows Rd. bridge. 300 meters - both upstream & downstream. I Hard bottom - cobble/boulder with gravel/cobble rifnes. Mean width approx. 7m. Total fish numbers hirly good. 10 species present. Electrofishing time = 15'44". I Latllong: 40-33-55& 75-20-26. Station 3: Black River - at bridge on Bingen Rd. near intersection with Black River Rd. (SR 3002). 200 meters upstream. I Hard bottom of cobble/rubble impacted with silt and sand. Low flow. Mean width approx 2m. Total numbers relatively high. 4 species present. Electrofishhg time I = 8'09''.LatAong: 40-34-25& 75-22-11. Station 4: Polk Valley Run - at SR 412 (Main St.) bridge. 100 meters upstream. I Hard bottom of cobble/rubble impacted with silt & sand; pools silted. Mean width approx. 1Sm. Total numbers relatively low. 5 species preseTt. Electrofishing I time = 9'39". Laflong: 40-34-05& 75-20-24. Station 5: East Branch Saucon Creek - along SR 2006 (Easton Rd)just downstream of intersection whwer Saucon Rd. (SR 2001). 250 meters. I Pools & runs with cobble/ rubble and sand substrate. Somewhat impacted with silt. Coarse woody debris provides additional cover. Mean width approx 4m. .Water cold Total numbem faitly high. 7 species present. Electrofishing time = 13'57". I Lat/l~q:40-36-23 & 75-17-09. Station 6: Lehigh River - at Laukh Island, Steel City. 450 meters. I ' Hard bottom of boulder/rubble and bedrock. Prhmrily one long run w/some riflle habitat. Flow moderately high. Total numbers low. 7 species present. Electrofishhg PI time = 28'34". Latflong: 40-37-48 & 75-19-54. Station 7: Silver Creek - upstream of Reservoir Rd. bridge. 60 meters. Hard bottom of cobble/nibble w/some silt. Mean width approx. 1.4m. Water cold. Total numbers I moderate. Station abbreviated due to impenetrable vegetation 4 species present. Electrofishing time = 6'0"'. Latllong: 40-34-41& 75-19-22. I I I I ._
Appendix E I Lower Saucon Township Vascular Plants Species List I * denotes nun-native species Acer negundo box-elder "Acer platanoides Norway maple I Acer rubrum red maple Acer saccharinum silver maple I Acer saccharum sugar maple Acer spicatum mountain maple "Achillea millefolium yarrow I *Acarus calamus sweetflag Actaea pachypoda doll's-eyes Adiantum pedatum maidenhair fern I Adlumia fungosa allegheny vine Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye Agrimonia pawiyora agrimony I Agrostis perennans autumn bent "Ailanthus altissima tree-o f-heaven Alisma subcordatum water-plantain I *Alliaria petiolata garlic mustard Allium canadense wild onion 1 "Allium vineale field garlic Alnus serrulata smooth alder c Alopecurus aequalis short-awned foxtail I Amelanchier arborea shadblow, serviceberry Amphicarpa bracteata hogpeanut Anemone quinquefolius wood anemone I *Anthoxanthum odoraturn sweet vernal grass Aquilegia canadensis columbine Arabis canadensis sicklepod 1 Arabis laevigata var. lamgata smooth rockcress Aralia nudicaulis sarsaparilla Aralia racemosa spikenard I *Arctiurn minus burdock *Arenaria serpyllifolia thyme-leaved sandwort I Arisaema triphyllum j ack-in-the-pulpit AristoIochia serpentaria Virginia snakeroot Aronia arbutfolia red chokebeny m Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry "Arrhenathenim elatius var. elatius tall oatgrass Asarum canadense wild ginger I Asclepias tuberosa butterfly weed Asplenium platyneuron black-stemmed spleenwort I I .... I
Aster acuminatus wood aster I Aster divaricatus white wood aster Aster lateriforus calico aster I Aster ma crophyllus big-leaf aster Aster puniceus purple-stemmed aster Athyrium felixyemina lady fern I "Barbarea vema spring cress *Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry Betula lenta sweet birch I Betula nigra river birch Betula populifolia gray birch Boehmeria cylindrica false nettle I Botrychiurn virginianum rattlesnake fern Brachyelytrum erectum brachyelytrum *Buddleja davidii butterfly-bush I Callitriche heterophylla wat er-starwort Callitriche terrestris water-starwort I Caltha palustris marsh marigold * Cardamine hirsuta hairy bittercress Cardamin e pensylvan ica Pennsylvania bittercress Cardamine rotundifolia mountain bittercress 31 Carex abscondita a sedge Carex aestivalis a sedge I Carex aggregata a sedge Carex albicans a sedge Carex amphibola a sedge I Carex annectens a sedge Carex appalachica a sedge Carex blanda a sedge I Carex bromoides a sedge Carex cephalophora a sedge 1 Carex communis a sedge Carex crinita var. crinita a sedge Carex digitalis a sedge I Carex glaucodea a sedge Carex gracilescens a sedge Carex gracillirna a sedge I Carex granularis a sedge Carex grayi a sedge Carex gnsea a sedge I Carex hirsutella a sedge Carex hirtifolia a sedge Carex inturnescens a sedge I Carex laxiculrnis a sedge I Carex 1axijZor-a a sedge I .. 1 .. t. .. I . .- -
Carex lupulina a sedge I Carex lurida a sedge Carex nigromarginata a sedge I Carex normalis a sedge Carex pallescens a sedge Carex pellita a sedge I Carex pensylvanica a sedge Carex prairea prairie sedge Carex prasina a sedge I Carex radiata a sedge Carex rosea a sedge Carex scabrata a sedge I Carex squarrosa a sedge Carex stipata a sedge Carex striatula a sedge I Carex stricta a sedge Carex swanii a sedge Carex tetanica Wood's sedge I Carex trichocarpa a sedge Carpinus caroliniana ironwood, hornbeam I Cava cordifomis b itternut hickory Cava glabra pignut hickory Cava ovata shagbark hickory I Castanea dentata American chestnut *Catalpa speciosa catalpa -# * Celastrus orbiculatus oriental bittersweet 1 Celtis occidentalis hackberry Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush * Cerastiumfontanum mouse-ear chickweed I *Chaenowhinurn minus dwarf snapdragon *Chelidonium majalis greater celandine Chelone glabra Mlehead I Chenopodium album lamb'S-qUarterS Chimaphila maculata pipsissewa I Chrysosplenium americanum golden saxifrage Cimicifuga racemosa black snakeroot Cinna arundinacea wood reedgrass I Circaea lutetiana enchanter's nightshade * Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Claytonia virginica spring beauty I Clematis virginiana virgin's-bower Collinsonia canadensis horse-balm, stoneroot * Commelina communis blue dayflower I Conopholis americana squawroot I Cornus alternifolia alternate-leaved dogwood I . _- ...... -......
Cornus arnornum red-stemmed dogwood, lunnikinik Corn us jlorida flowering dogwood Cornus racemosa silky dogwood Corydalis sempewirens rock harlequin Corylus americana American hazelnut Corylus cornuta beaked hazelnut Crataegus sp. hawthorn Cryptotaenia canadensis honewort Cynoglossum virginianum wild comfrey Cyperus strigosus false nutsedge Cystopteris fragil is fragile fern Cystopteris tenuis fragile fern *Dactylis glomerata orchard grass Dennstaedtia punctilobula hayscented fern Deparia acrostichoides silvery glade fern *Descurainia sophia herb-Sophia Desmodium glutinosum sticky tick-clover Desmodium nudijlorum naked-flowered tick-trefoil Diewilla lonicera bush-honeysuckle Dioscorea villosa wild yam Dryopteris carthusiana spinulose wood fern Dryopteris cristata crested wood fern Dryopteris goldiana Goldie's wood fern Dryopteris intennedia evergreen wood fern Dryopteris marginalis marginal wood fern I *Elaeagnus umbeIlata autumn olive Eleocharis obtusa tubercled spike-rush Eleocharis tenuis slender spike-rush Ellisia nyctelea waterpod, Aunt Lucy Equisetum arvense field horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum woodland horsetail
Erigeron annum daisy fleabane '' Erythronium americanum trout lily Eupatorium fistulosum Joe-pye-weed Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset Eupatorium purpurea Joe-p ye-weed Eupatorium rugosum white snakeroot Euthamia graminifolia grass-leaved goldenrod Fagus grandifolia American beech Festuca obtusa nodding fescue *Festuca trachyphylla hard fescue Floerkea proserpinacoides false mermaid Fraxinus americana white ash Fraxin us pensylvan ica green ash Galearis spectabilis showy orchis .,
I ..
Galium aparine bedstraw, cleavers I Galium circaezans wild licorice Galium lanceolatum wild licorice Geranium maculatum wood geranium Geranium robertianum herb-robed Geum canadense avens * Glechoma hederacea ground ivy Gleditsia triacanthos honey locust Glyceria striata fowl mannagrass Hackelia virginiana beggar's-lice Hamamelis virg'niana witch-hazel Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa round-leaved hepatica *Hesperis matronalis dame's-rocket *Hieracium sabaudum hawkweed *Holmlanatus velvet grass Huperzia lucidula shining clubmoss Hydrastis canadensis go ldens ea1 Hydrocotyle americana marsh pennywort Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia waterleaf Hypericum punctatum spotted St. John's-wort Hypoxis hirsuta yellow-eyed grass Hystrix patula bottlebrush grass Ilex verticillata winterberry holly Impatiens capensis j ewe1weed Iris versicolor blue flag Juglans cinerea butt emut Juglans nigra black walnut Juncus effusus soft rush Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel Laportea canadensis wood nettle Leersia virginica whitegrass *Lepidium campestre fieldcress *Ligustrum obtusifolium obtuse-leaved privet *Lipstrum vulgaris common privet Lilium superbum turps-cap lily Lindera benzoin spicebush Liriodendron tulipifera tuliptree Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower *Lonicerajaponica Japanese honeysuckle *Lonicera maackii Amur honeysuckle *Lonicera morrowii Morrow's honeysuckle Luzula multijrora wood-rush Lycopus virginicus water horehound Lysimachia ciIiata fiinged loosestrife *Lysimachia nummularia moneywort "Lythrurn salicaria purple loosestrife Maianthemum canadense Canada mayflower, false lily-o f-the-valley Malus sp. apple, crabapple Marrubium vulgare common horehound Medeola virginiana Indian cucumber-root Men ispemz urn canadense moonseed Mentha sp. mint Mertensia virginica Virginia bluebells *Microstegium vimineum stiltgrass Mimulus ringens monkey flower Mitchella repens partridgeberry Moehrin,oia laterijlora blunt-leaved sandwort Monotropa unifrora Indian pipes *Morus alba white mulberry *Myosotis arvensis forget-me-not *Myosotis scorpioides forget-me-not *Nasturtium oficinale watercress Nyssa sylvatica b lackgum Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern * Omithogalum umbellatum star-of-Bethlehem Oryzopsis racemosa ricegrass Osmorhiza claytonii sweet-cicely Osmorhiza longistylis anise-root Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern Osmunda claytoniana interrupted fern # Osmunda regalis royal fern Ostrya virginiana hop hornbeam Oxalis stricta common yellow wood-sorrel Panax quinquefolius ginseng Panax trifoliatm dwarf ginseng Panicum microcarpon panic grass Parietaria pensylvanica pellitory Parthenocissus quinquefolius Virginia creeper *Paulownia tomentosa empress tree Pedicularis canadensis wood betony Penthorum sedoides ditch stonecrop Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass Phegopteris hexagonoptera southern beech fern Phlox divaricatus blue phlox, wild sweet william *Phragmites australis common reed Phryma leptostachya fog fruit Phytolacca americana pokeweed *Picea abies Norway spruce Pilea pumila clearweed *Pinuspungens table mountain pine Pinus strobus white pine *Plantago major broad-leaved plantain Platanus occidentalis sycamore Poa alsodes woodland bluegrass *Poa trivialis rough bluegrass Podophyllum pelt atum mayapple Polygonatum pubescens solomon's-seal Polygonum arfolium halberd-leaf tearthumb *Polygonum caespitosurn low smartweed *Polygonum cuspidaturn Japanese knotweed Polygonum sagittaturn tearthumb Polygonum scandens climbing false buckwheat Polygonum virginianum jumpseed Polypodium virginianum rockcap fern Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern Potentilla simplex cinquefoil Prenanthes sp. rattlesnake-root *Prunella vulgaris heal-all *Prunus avium European bird cherry Prunus serotina wild black cherry Prunus virginiana chokecherry Pteridium aquilinum bracken fern Quercus alba white oak Quercus coccinea scarlet oak Quercus montana chestnut oak .# ' Quercus palustris pin oak Quercus rubra red oak Quercus velutina black oak Ranunculus abortivus small-flowered crowfoot Ranunculus caricetorum northern swamp buttercup Ranunculus recuwatus hooked crowfoot Rhododendron maximum rosebay rhododendron Rhododendron periclymenoides pinxter-flower azalea Rhus typhina staghorn sumac Ribes americana wild black currant Rosa Carolina pasture rose *Rosa multiflora multiflora rose Rosa palustris swamp rose Rubus allegheniensis blackberry Rubus occidentalis blackcap I Rubus odoratus flowering raspberry *Rubus phoenicolasius wineberry *Rumex crispus curly dock I *Rumex obtusifolius obtuse-leaved dock Sagina sp. pearlwort IC 1 Salk discolor pussy willow I Salix nigra black willow SaIix sericea silky willow I Sambucus canadensis black elderbeny Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot Sanguisorba canadensis American burnet I Sanicula canadensis snakeroot Sanicula odorata yellow-flowered sanicle Sassafras albidum sassafr as I Saxifyaga pensylvanica Pennsylvania saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis rock saxifrage Scirpus cyperinus wool-grass I Scrophularia sp. figwort Scutella~ialatifolia mad dog skullcap Sisyrinchium montanum blue-eyed-grass B Sisyrinchium mucronatum blue-eyed-grass Smilacina racemosa false solomon's seal I Smilacina stellata starflower Smilax herbacea carrion-flower Smilax rotundifolia greenbrier I *Solanum dulcamara purple nightshade Solidago arguta forest goldenrod Solidago caesia bluestem goldenrod I Solidago canadensis Canada goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis zigzag goldenrod / Solidago rugosa old field goldenrod I Sparganium americanum bur-reed Staphylea trsfoliata bladdernut *Stellaria alsine bog chickweed I *Stellaria media field chickweed Symplocarpus foetidus skunk cabbage Teucrium canadense germander 1 Thalictrum dioicum early meadow-rue Thalictrum pubescens tall meadow-rue 1 Thalictrum thalictroides rue anemone Thelypteris noveboracensis New York fern Thlaspi awense field pennycress 1 TiareIIa cordsfolia foam flower Tilia americana basswood Toxicodendron radicans poison ivy I Trillium cemuum nodding trillium Tsuga canadensis Canadian hemlock Typha angustifolia narrow-leaved cat-tail I Typha latsfolia broad-leaved cat-tail I UZmus americana American elm I ...... - ._ I
Urtica dioica stinging nettle I Uvularia perfoliata bellwort Uvularia sessilifolia sessile-leaved bellwort I Vaccinium angustifolium lowbush blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry Vaccinium pallidum lowbush blueberry I Veratrum viride false hellebore Verbascum thapsus common mullein Verbena hastata blue vervain I Verbena urticifolia white vervain Veronica anagallis-aquatica water speedwell Veronica arvensis corn speedwell I Viburnum acerifolium maple-leaved viburnum Viburnum opulus guelder-rose fiburnurn prun folium blackhaw I Vicia sativa common vetch Viola cucullata blue marsh violet Viola labradorica dog violet I Viola palmata early blue violet Viola pubescens downy yellow violet I Viola rostrata long-spurred violet Viola sororia common blue violet Viola striata striped violet I Vitis sp. grape .# I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I APPENDIX C I I- 1 i I I I I I I I I I I I . ..,...... - . ... .-
_- I I $$' *c-- "1 - ---. PHONE (61 0) 974-81 00 ~ ~ I- !C FAX (61 0) 974-81 04 .x_
NAME: Mr. Jim Birdsall I NV #: 195739 - 195743 OMPANY: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. DDRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 1 OF2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: (610) 691 -5644 RENE: (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#:
1 START START END ST RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. 0.32 sw 0.32 MG/L EPA 200.7 195739 09/13/00 1100 09/15/00 sw 0.031 MG/L EPA 200.7 195739 09/13/00 1100 09/15/00 sw
LKALlNlTY 150 MG/L SM#18 2320 B 195740 09/15/00 1300 09/15/00 MN cLUORIDE <0.1 MGA- EPA 300.0 195740 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS NITRATE AS N 2.7 MGR EPA 300.0 195740 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS ITRITE AS N <0.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 195740 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS cMONlA AS N <0.05 MG/L EPA 350.1 195741 09/13/00 1128 09/13/00 MH HENOLS <0.005 MG/L EPA 420.2 195741 09/14/00 0935 09/15/00 MH OTAL PHOSPHORUS AS P 0.21 MG/L SM#1945OO-P B,E 195741 09/15/00 0925 09/15/00 J LR
,fSSOLVED OXYGEN 7.9 MG/L SM#184500 O-G 195742 09/12/00 1143 09/12/00 MC
ECAL COLIFORM 520 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 D 195743 09/12/00 1230 09/13/00 MC
DATE: I p., [UF 35-40- 3 E r\l S kl IW, 2 K AN A L' 'TI 2 S r 4777 SkJG3N CREEK 33FL CENTER VALLEY. PA 18034-900L
I PHONE (61 0) 974-81 00 FAX (61 0) 974-81 04 &END DATA To: NAME: Mr. Jim Birdsall I NV #: 195744- 195746 COMPANY: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. ADDRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 20F2 1 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: IFENE: (610) 691 -5644 (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: ______--______------_------______--______------_------PROJECT NAME: GRAB SAMPLES: 195744-746 SAMPLED BY: C. MEDEVK. SEBRING COMPOSITE SAMPLES: NONE ILOCATl ON: SEE BELOW DATE RECEIVED BY LAB: 09/12/00 DATE: 09/12/00 TIME RECEIVED BY LAB: 1045 (TIME: 0935 RECEIVED FOR LAB BY: J. ALTEMOSE
STM RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE 1049 09/14/00 MC NON-COLIFORM >4,000 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 B 195744 09/13/00 1049 09/14/00 MC IHETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA
ITURBiDin 2.4 NTU EPA 180.1 195745 09/12/00 1314 09/12/00 JLR
PH 8.19 @ 17.4 O C UNITS EPA 150.1 195745 09/12/00 1147 09/12/00 MC TOTAL DISSOLVED 230 MGA- SM#18 2540 C 195745 09/13/00 1155 09/15/00 RP SOLIDS ITOTAL RESIDUAL c0.02 MGA- EPA 330.5 195745 09/12/00 1207 09/12/00 MC
IBACK-UP BOTE- 195746
'WEATHER: OVERCAST, 75 O F
DATE: I --_ 3enchmark Analytics CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD 114 N. Courtland Street Benchmark4771 Saucon Creek Analytics Road East Stroudsburg, PA 18301 Center Valley, PA 18034.9004 Phone (570) 421-5122 Fax (570) 421 '7''' Phone (610) 974-8100 Fax (610) 974-8104 Project Name: 'lient: 1 P.O. Number: n I I 1.
I I II I I I Relinquished By: (Sip) Date: Time: Received By: (Sig) Special Instructions: LJ 1 CMCC-~& '7 so F
Relinquished By: (Sip) Date: Time: Received By: (Sig) CENTER VALLEY, PA 18034-9004 '- I I -
PHONE (61 0) 974-81 00 FAX (610) 974-81 04 SEND DATA TO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 195846-195850 I:%ANY: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. AD DRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 1 OF2 Bethlehem, PA 18317-8937 PO #: (610) 691 -5644 (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: ...... GRAB SAMPLES: 195846-850 C. MEDEI/K. SEBRING COMPOSITE SAMPLES: NONE SEE BELOW DATE RECEIVED BY LAB: 09/12/00 09/12/00 TIME RECEIVED BY LAB: 1440 1430 RECEIVED FOR LAB BY: J. ALTEMOSE
START START END TEST RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INK.. 0.06 0.05 MANGANESE 0.005 IALKALINITY 85 MGP SM#18 2320 B 195847 09/15/00 1300 09/15/00 MN FLUORIDE 0.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 195847 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS NITRATE AS N 0.4 MG/L EPA 300.0 195847 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS a NITRITE AS N co.1 MGR EPA 300.0 195847 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS ~0.05 MG/L EPA 350.1 195848 09/13/00 1128 09/13/00 MH IEOOIEASN c0.005 MG/L EPA 420.2 195848 09/14/00 0935 09/15/00 MH TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AS P 0.02 MGR SM#19 4500-P B,E 195848 09/15/00 0925 09/15/00 JLR
IDISSOLVED OXYGEN 9.5 MG/L SM#184500 0-G 195849 09/12/00 1508 09/12/00 MC FECAL COLIFORM 240 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 D 195850 09/12/00 1546 09/13/00 MC
IRE MARKS :
WEATHER: OVERCAST, 83 O F I LOCATION: SURRY RD. BRIDGE; 60 METERS DOWNSTREAM
I . MANAGER: DATE: & v I i4.E \a?=3s-40 .- B EN (2 I+ MARK 4, N,4 L\TICI I CENTER VALLEY, PA 18034-9004
SITE #3, BLACK RIVER-UPSTREAM, STATION #3 I START I START 1 END 1 I RESULT I UNITS I METHOD I INV# I DATE I TIME I DATE 1 INIT.] TOTAL COLIFORM 1,500 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 B 195851 09/13/00 1049 09/14/00 MC dTESTNON-COLIFORM >4,000 PER 100 ML SM#189222B 195851 09/13/00 1049 09/14/00 MC HEiFROTROPHlC
ITURBIDITY 0.78 NTU EPA 180.1 195852 09/13/00 1000 09/13/00 JLR 8.54 @ 18.5 ' C UNITS EPA 150.1 I95852 09/12/00 1509 09/12/00 MC 210 MGL SM#18 2540 C 195852 09/13/00 1155 09/15/00 RP SOLIDS TOTAL RESIDUAL <0.02 MGL EPA 330.5 195852 09/12/00 1526 09/12/00 MC ,CHLORINE
IBACK-UP BOTE- 195853
IREMARKS:
WEATHER: OVERCAST, 83 ' F ILOCATION: SURREY RD. BRIDGE; 60 METERS DOWNSTREAM Benchmark Analytics 114 N. Courtland Street Benchmark4777 Saucon Creek Analytics Road CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD East Stroudsburg, PA 18301 Center Valley, PA 18034-9004 phone (570) 421 -5 122 Fax (570) 42 1 -5 70_-- 7 Phone (610) 974-8100 Fax (610) 974-8104 -
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CENTER VALLEY, PA 18034-9004
PHONE (610) 974-81 00 1 FAX (610) 974-81 04 ISEND DATA TO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 195747-195751 p&4Nl&: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 1 OF2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: IPHONE: (610) 691 -5644 FAX: (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: ...... PROJECT NAME: GRAB SAMPLES: 195747-751 (SAMPLED BY: C. MEDEI/K. SEBRING COMPOSITE SAMPLES: NONE ,TMION: SEE BELOW DATE RECEIVED BY LAB: 09/12/00 DATE: 09/12/00 TIME RECEIVED BY LAB: 1045 0945 RECEIVED FOR LAB BY: 4. ALTEMOSE
START START END EST RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. 0.33 0.94 MG/L €PA 200.7 195747 09/13/00 1100 09/15/00 SW IPRfENUMMANGANESE 0.084 MG/L EPA 200.7 195747 09/13/00 1100 09/15/00 SW
56 MG/L SM#18 2320 B 195748 09/15/00 1300 09/15/00 MN <0.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 195748 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS 1.o MGR EPA 300.0 195748 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS <0.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 195748 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS
8.5 MG/L SM#18 4500 O-G 195750 09/12/00 1147 09/12/00 MC OXYGEN IFECAL COLIFORM 940 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 D 195751 09/12/00 1230 09/13/00 MC IREMARKS: WEATHER: OVERCAST, 75 O F FAX (610) 974-81 04 Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 195752-195754 Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. DRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 20F2 Bethlehem, PA 18017 -8937 PO #: (610) 691 -5644 (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: START START END TEST RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. 1.6 NTU EPA 180.1 195753 09/12/00 1314 09/12/00 JLR 8.22 @ 15.7 O C UNITS EPA 150.1 195753 09/12/00 1153 09/12/00 MC 120 MG/L SM#18 2540 C 195753 09/13/00 1155 09/15/00 RP TOTAL RESIDUAL c0.02 MG/L EPA 330.5 195753 09/12/00 1211 09/12/00 MC (BACK-UP B0lT-E - 195754 IWEATHER: OVERCAST, 75 F I Relinquished By: (Sip) Date: Time: Received By: (Sig) _- Relinquished By: (Sig) Date: Time: Received For Laboratory1 By: (Sig) Condition upon arrival: Implemented n11 1111 i,")[' FAX (610)974-8104 Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 195755-195759 Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. DRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 1OF2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: (610) 691 -5644 (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: START START END RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. LUMINUM 0.16- 0.21 MG/L EPA 200.7 195755 09/13/00 1100 09/15/00 SW AN GAN ES E 0.016 MG/L EPA 200.7 195755 09/13/00 1100 09/15/00 SW FNITY 56 MGL SM# 1%2320 B 195756 09/15/00 1300 09/15/00 MN LUORIDE co.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 195756 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS 1.o MGR EPA 300.0 195756 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS c0.1 MGL EPA 300.0 195756 09/12/09 1507 09/12/00 KS ,AAF4;:AS N 0.06 MG/L EPA 350.1 195757 09/13/00 1128 09/13/00 MH ~0.005 MG/L EPA 420.2 195757 09/14/00 0935 09/15/00 MH OTAL PHOSPHORUS AS P 0.03 MG/L SM#194500-P B,E 195757 09/15/00 0925 09/15/00 JLR 8.4 MG/L SM#18 4500 O-G 195758 09/12/00 1150 09/12/00 MC OXYGEN rSsoLEDFECAL COLIFORM 230 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 D 195759 09/12/00 1230 09/13/00 MC - WEATHER: OVERCAST, 75 F I .. ; .. PHONE (61 0) 974-81 00 FAX (610) 974-8104 ISEND DATATO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 195760-195762 Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 20F2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: (610) 691 -5644 (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: START START END TEST RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. 1TURBIDITY 0.95 NTU EPA 180.1 195761 09/12/00 1314 09/12/00 JLR 7.83 @ 22.0 C UNITS EPA 150.1 195761 09/12/00 1156 09/12/00 MC TOTAL DISSOLVED 130 MG/L SM#18 2540 C 195761 09/13/00 1155 09/15/00 RP SOLIDS TOTAL RESIDUAL <0.02 MG/L EPA 330.5 195761 09/12/00 1215 09/12/00 MC I IBACK-UP BOTTLE - 195762 WEATHER: OVERCAST, 75 F IMANAGER: /rhcL -, Ok DATE: ,,($StbO,,L.v7i/ /- U- I .. I Benchmark Analytics Benchmark Analytics , 4777 Saucon Creek Road CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD 114 N. Courtland Street Center Valley, PA 18034-9004 East Sboudsburg, PA 18301 . Phone (610) 974-8100 Fax (610) 974-8104 Phone (570) 421-5122 Fax (570) 421-5707 I I Client: I P.O. Number: I Project Name: - Relinquished By: (Sig) Date: Time: Received For Laboratory By: (Sip) Condition upon arrival: hplernentetl ~v~~ 11’1 ii00 Lyj/lZ/Dd id95 I) - -,, 1 . -. .. ~ ...... -_. ----... -1...... ,.I .,, , - .- -..I... "... 3EN !: 3!W,48 K ,4 y\1,4?!TI ",S; d7'77,i / i SAUGOh' CREEK ROAC CENTER VALLEY, PA 18034-9004 :, It 2.- I PHONE (610) 974-81 00 1 FAX (61 0) 974-81 04 SEND DATATO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 195763-195767 EEFANY: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. ADDRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 1 OF2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: (610) 691 -5644 (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: START START END TEST RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. 0.12 0.19 MG/L EPA 200.7 195763 09/13/00 1100 09/15/00 sw MANGANESE 0.013 MG/L EPA 200.7 195763 09/13/00 1100 09/15/00 sw 56 MG/L SM#18 2320 B 195764 09/15/00 1300 09/15/00 MN FLUORIDE 0.1 MGIL EPA 300.0 195764 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS NITRATE AS N 0 -8 MG/L EPA 300.0 195764 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS 8 NITRITE AS N <0.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 195764 09/12/00 1507 09/12/00 KS AMMONIA AS N <0.05 MGL EPA 350.1 195765 09/13/00 1128 09/13/00 MH PHENOLS ~0.005 MG/L EPA 420.2 195765 09/14/00 0935 09/15/00 MH TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AS P 0.03 MG/L SM#19 4500- P B,E 195765 09/15/00 0925 09/15/00 JLR 1DISSOLVED OXYGEN 8.2 MG/L SM#18 4500 0-G 195766 09/12/00 1154 09/12/00 MC 700 PER 100 ML SM#189222 D 195767 09/12/00 1230 09/13/00 MC IFECALCoL'FoRM I REMARKS: IWEATHER: OVERCAST, 75 O F 1 I START START END RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. BACK-UP BOTTLE - 195770 1 WEATHER: OVERCAST, 75 O F . Benchmark Analytics Benchmark4717 Saucon Creek Analytics Road CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD 114 N. Courtland Street Center Valley, PA 18034-9004 East Stroudsburg, PA 18301 Phone(610)974-8100 Pax(610)974-8104 phone (570) 421-5122 FU(570) 421-5'10'1 __ -. - .- - --. -- -- _I -. . . . . ..A -.- ...... _ . . ~~ Relinquished By: (Sit?) Date: Time: ' Received By: (Sig) I I I Specid Instructions: d\ t- ow cd ,soc I Relinquished By: (Si@ Date: Time: Received By: (Sig) _- __ Relinquished By: (Sip) Date: Time: Received For Laboratory By: (Sig) Condition upon arrival. Implemented 011 1 1!1 S/O0 D7/4*2 /LWT 4CrnL4 PHONE (61 0) 974-81 00 1 L, FAX (610) 974-8104 [ND DATA TO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV#: 196219-196223 Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 1 OF2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: ONE: (610) 691 -5644 F,: (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: SITE #2, SAUCON CREEK @ MEADOWS RD, STATION #2 START START END RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. LUMINUM 0.32 MG/L EPA 200.7 196219 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 SW 0.45 MG/L EPA 200.7 196219 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 sw ANGANESE 0.028 MGL EPA 200.7 196219 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 sw .MALINIP/ 110 MG/L SM#18 2320 B 196220 09/15/00 1300 09/15/00 MN ILUORIDE <0.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 196220 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS NITRATE AS N 2.2 MG/L EPA 300.0 196220 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS <0.1 MGL EPA 300.0 196220 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS As 9'"'"AMMONIA AS N ~0.05 MGL EPA 350.1 196221 09/20/00 1127 09/20/00 MH HENOLS ~0.005 MG/L EPA 420.2 196221 09/15/00 0835 09/15/00 MH 1OTAL PHOSPHORUS AS P 0.24 MG/L SM#19 4500-P B,E 196221 09/15/00 1240 09/15/00 JLR ISSOLVED OXYGEN 8.4 MGL SM#18 4500 O-G 196222 09/14/00 1114 09/14/00 LD P, ECAL COLIFORM 2.100 PER 100 ML SM#l8 9222 D 196223 09/14/00 1158 09/15/00 MC LMARKS: !EATHER: SUNNY 56 O F CENTER VALLEY, PA t 8034-9004 PHONE (61 0) 974-81 00 FAX (610) 974-8104 [FATE:DATA TO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 196224-196226 COMPANY: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. ADDRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 20F2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: IPHONE: (610) 691 -5644 (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: SAMPLED BY: R. PULLEY/K. SEBRING GRABCOMPOSITE SAMPLES: SAMPLES: 196224-226NONE Ii-F-rlON: SEE BELOW DATE RECEIVED BY LAB: 09/14/00 TIME RECEIVED BY LAB: 0954 TIME: 09/14/000847 RECEIVED FOR LAB BY: J. ALTEMOSE START START END RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INK. 4.1 NTU EPA 180.1 196225 09/15/00 1501 09/15/00 JLR 7.95 @ 20.9 O C UNITS EPA 150.1 196225 09/14/00 1121 09/14/00 LD 210 MG/L SM#182540C 196225 09/15/00 1145 09/19/00 RP SOLIDS TOTAL RESIDUAL c0.02 MG/L EPA 330.5 I CHLORINE REMARKS: I WEATHER: SUNNY 56 O F Benchmark Analytics CX.OF CUSTODY RECORD 114 N. Courtland Sweet 4717 Saucon Creek Road East Stroudsburg. PA 18301 Center Valley, PA 18034-9004 phone (570) 421-5122 Fax (570) 421-5707 Phone (610) 974-8100 Fax (610) 974-8104 -_ - A- Relinquished By: (Si& Date: Time: Received By: (Sig) .. Special Instructions: ~4E8WEj2 Sr)/VdY 56 ,C ,I Relinquished By: (Sip) Date: Time: Received By: (Sig) --- Date: Time: Received For Laboratory By: (Sig) Condition upon arrival: hplemenreii oil I I, I 5i"" .I//$hD - __.-___- I' CENTER VALLEY, PA 18034-9004 PHONE (610) 974-81 00 FAX (610) 974-8104 SEND DATATO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 196258-196262 &ziNY: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. ADDRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 1OF2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: LON,: (610) 691 -5644 (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: ______------______-_------EJECTNAME: GRAB SAMPLES: 196258-262 SAMPLED BY: K. SEBRING COMPOSITE SAMPLES: NONE OCATION: SEE BELOW DATE RECEIVED BY LAB: 09/14/00 ATE: 09/14/00 TIME RECEIVED BY LAB: 0954 IME: 1206 RECEIVED FOR LAB BY: J. ALTEMOSE START START END TEST RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. 0.05 MGIL €PA 200.7 196258 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 sw 0.14 MGL EPA 200.7 196258 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 sw 0.007 MGR EPA 200.7 196258 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 sw 98 MG/L SM#18 2320 B 196259 09/15/00 1300 09/15/00 MN FLUOMDE 0.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 196259 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS NITRATE AS N 0.6 MG/L EPA 300.0 196259 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS INITRITE AS N eo.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 196259 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS AMMONIA AS N €0.05 MG/L EPA 350.1 196260 09/20/00 1127 09/20/00 MH PHENOLS ~0.005 MG/L EPA 420.2 196260 09/15/00 08% 09/15/00 MH 0.04 MG/L SM#19 4500-P B,E 196ZO 09/15/00 1240 09/15/00 JLR IDISSOLVEDOXYGEN 9.5 MG/L SM#18 4500 O-G 1962161 09/14/00 1245 09/14/00 KS FECAL COLIFORM 420 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 D 196262 09/14/00 1600 09/15/00 MC IREMARKS: WEATHER: SUNNY 78 O F 1LOCATION: COLLECTED @ SURREY ROAD I MANAGER: DATE: $j&.L&+d7,* I /L/ PHONE (610) 974-81 00 FAX (610) 974-8104 SEND DATA TO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 196263-196265 EZANY: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. ADDRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 20F2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: 'PHONE: (610) 691 -5644 (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: ...... 1LJECTNAME: GRAB SAMPLES: 196263-265 SAMPLED BY: K. SEBRING CO MPOSITE SAMPLES: NONE 1lf2rlON: SEE BELOW DATE RECEIVED BY LAB: 09/14/00 09/14/00 TIME RECEIVED BY LAB: 0954 TIME: 1206 RECEIVED FOR LAB BY: J. ALTEMOSE RESULT UNITS METHOD I INV# 1 DATE 1 TIME I DATE I INK. ,liFiRfAROPHIC TURBl DIP/ 1.4 NTU EPA 180.1 196264 09/15/00 1501 09/15/00 JLR 8.25 @ 17.6 O C UNITS EPA 150.1 196264 09/14/00 1238 09/14/00 KS 1%TAL DISSOLVED 230 MG/L SM#18 2540 C 196264 09/15/00 1145 09/19/00 RP SOLIDS TOTAL RESIDUAL <0.02 MG/L EPA 330.5 196264 09/14/00 1240 09/14/00 KS CHLORINE I I BACK UP BOTTLE - 196265 I REMARKS: WEATHER: SUNNY 78 O F LOCATION: COLLECTED @ SURREY ROAD I IMANAGER: Benchmark Analytics C€€AINOF CUSTODY RECOF33 114 N. Courtland Street Center Valley. PA 18034-9004 East Stroudsburg, PA 18301 Phone(610)974-8100 Fax(610)974-8104 I Phone(570)421-5122 Faw(570)42I-570; I I .. .~ * .O. Number: Project Name: , Sampler's Name I Signature i I Site Date Time G c Sample Identification Site -If Description 11-- I II I Relinquished By: (Sig) Date: Time: Received By: (Sip) Relinquished By: (Sig) Date: Time: Received By: (Sig) . ~- Condition upon arrival: .. _- " .B4 c 3 MAR vi ANALYTI c,s N * 47ii SAUCON C.REEK RON3 CENTER VALLEY, PA 18034-9004 p,.-..-+ ., , , , . i fi ;; ;-$y: I .,.:i, . L , PHONE (610) 974-81 00 . <. i .. ... I L. FAX (610) 974-8104 SEND DATA TO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV#: 196235-196239 EEFANu: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. ADDRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 1 OF2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: (610) 691 -5644 AMPLE: SITE #4, POLK VALLEY RUN @ POLK VALLEY RD, STATION #4 1 START I START I END 1 I 0.03 0.46 MG/L EPA 200.7 196235 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 SW MANGANESE 0.060 MG/L EPA 200.7 196235 0911 8/00 0830 09/20/00 SW 34 MG/L SM#18 2320 B 196236 09/15/00 1300 09/15/00 MN K0.1 MGR EPA 300.0 196236 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS ITRATE AS N 0.5 MGIL EPA 300.0 196236 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS NITRITE AS N co.1 MGR EPA 300.0 196236 09f 14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS ~0.05 MGR EPA 350.1 196237 09/20/00 1127 09/20/00 MH ~0.005 MGR EPA 420.2 196237 09/15/00 0835 09/15/00 MH OTAL PHOSPHORUS AS P 0.02 MGR SM#19 4500-P B,E 196237 09f 15/00 1240 09/15/00 JLR 8.1 MG/L SM#18 4500 0-G 196238 09/14/00 1125 09/14/00 LD OXYGEN FECAL COLIFORM 400 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 D 196239 09/14/00 1158 09/15/00 MC WEATHER: SUNNY 59 F IMANAGER: DATE: //M J7,2& I PHONE (610) 974-81 00 FAX (610) 974-8104 ISEND DATA TO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 196240-196241 Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 20F2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: (610) 691 -5644 (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: _-______------_-______-_------_------GRAB SAMPLES: 196240-241 R. PULLEY/K. SEBRING COMPOSITE SAMPLES: NONE fAFON: SEE BELOW DATE RECEIVED BY LAB: 09/14/00 09/14/00 TIME RECEIVED BY.IAB: 0954 IME: 0858 RECEIVED FOR L4B BY: J. ALTEMOSE START START END RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. 2,300 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 B 196240 09/14/00 1618 09/15/00 LD 19,000 PER 100 ML SM#189222 B 196240 09/14/00 1618 09/15/00 LD ACTERIA URBIDIlY 1.5 NTU EPA 180.1 196241 09/15/00 1501 09/15/00 JLR 7.66 @ 18.3 O C UNITS EPA 150.1 196241 09/14/00 1128 09/14/00 LD 1IO MGP SM#18 2540 C 196241 09/15/00 1145 09/19/00 RP fOTAL RESIDUAL c 0.02 MGA- EPA 330.5 196241 09/14/00 1145 09/14/00 LD HLORINE kMARKS: WEATHER: SUNNY 59 F IMANAGER: DATE: ,-. / I Benchmark Analytics CI-IAIN OF CUSTODY Rl3COJXD 114 N. Courtland Streel 4717 Saucon Creek Road East Stroudsburg. PA 18301 Center, Valley. PA 18034-9003 Plioile (570) 321-5122 Fa(570) J21-570.7 - Site # F NONE I Relinquished By: (Sig)I Date: Time: Received By: (Sip) RJinquished By: (Si& Date: Time: Received By: (Sip) E.2: ,- ili-Jf' 3r-43 3EN c HMARK AI\J,~L:'-i-l cs 4777 SAUCON CREEK 83kZ CENTER VALLEY, PA 1803t.-9004 PHONE (61 0) 974-81 00 FAX (610) 974-81 04 1SEND DATA TO: AME: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 196242-196246 Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. g :;;::;: g:;;::;: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 1 OF2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: LONE: (610) 691 -5644 FAX: (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: ______-_------__------UPROJECT NAME: GRAB SAMPLES: 196242 - 246 SAMPLED BY: R. PULLEY/K. SEBRING COMPOSITE SAMPLES: NONE LOCATlON: SEE BELOW DATE RECEIVED BY LAB: 09114 /OO 09/14/00 TIME RECEIVED BY LAB: 0954 IME: 0927 RECEIVED FOR LAB BY: J. ALTEMOSE START START END TEST RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. 0.17 lPRLoUNMINUM 0.26 MG/L EPA 200.7 196242 og/ia/oo 0830 09/20/00 sw MANGANESE 0.016 MG/L EPA 200.7 196242 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 sw 66 MG/L SM#18 2320 B 196243 09/15/00 1300 09/15/00 MN <0.1 MGR EPA 300.0 196243 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS 1.5 MGIL EPA 300.0 196243 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS <0.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 196243 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS ,NvllCC~ AS N ~0.05 MG/L EPA 350.1 196244 09/20/00 1127 09/20/00 MH c0.005 MG/L EPA 420.2 196244 09/15/00 0835 09/15/00 MH TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AS P 0.03 MG/L SM#l9 4500-P B,E 196244 09/15/00 1240 09/15/00 JLR IDISSOLVED OXYGEN 9.3 MG/L SM#18 4500 O-G 196245 09/14/00 1128 09/14/00 LD FECAL COLIFORM 940 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 D 196246 09/14/00 1158 09/15/00 MC WEATHER: SUNNY 63 O F 1 MANAGER: AL' DATE: ,,dyddyi zdn, / I U / END DATATO: AME: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 196247-196249 OMPANY: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. @ PAGE: 20F2 ADDRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: PHONE: PWS ID#: ---__--_-___--_--_------_-___-__-___-_____------GRAB SAMPLES: 196247-249 COMPOSITE SAMPLES: NONE SAMPLED BY: R. PULLEY/K. SEBRING 09/14/00 FDOCIION: SEE BELOW DATE RECEIVED BY LAB: 09/14/00 TIME RECEIVED BY LAB: 0954 J. ALTEMOSE TIME: 0927 RECEIVED FOR LAB BY: START START END RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. SM#18 9222 B 196247 09/14/00 1618 09/15/00 LD EPA 180.1 196248 09/15/00 1501 09/15/00 JLR EPA 150.1 196248 09/14/00 1131 09/14/00 LD SM#18 2540 C 196248 09/15/00 1145 09/19/00 RP EPA 330.5 196248 09/14/00 1150 09/14/00 LD I I. I BACK UP BOlTLE - 196249 I REMARKS: I WEATHER: SUNNY 63 O F I I MANAGER: Benchmark Analytics Benclimark Analytics 4111 Saucon Creek Road CI-LtzIN OF CUSTODY RECORD I14 N. Courtland Street Center Valley. PA 18034-9004 Enst Stroudsburg, PA 18301 Phone(610) 974-8100Fax(610)974-8104 Phone (570) 421-5122 Fax (570) 421-5707 -. IL - 1L - 3 00 -ML 140 --ML 140 -h5. IL - IL Special Instructions: Relinquished By: (Sig) Date: Time: Received By: (Sig) / SEND DATA TO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 196250-196254 Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. ADDRESS : 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 1 OF2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: PHONE: (610) 691 -5644 0.05 MGR EPA 200.7 196250 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 sw IPRLOUNMiNUM 0.16 MG/L EPA 200.7 196250 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 sw MANGANESE 0.013 MGP- EPA 200.7 196250 09/18/00 0830 09/20/00 sw IALKALINITY 48 MG/L SM#18 2320 B 196251 09/15/00 1300 09/15/00 MN FLUORIDE co.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 196251 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS 0.9 MG/L EPA 300.0 196251 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS co.1 MG/L EPA 300.0 19625 1 09/14/00 1526 09/14/00 KS c0.05 MGb- EPA 350.1 196252 09/20/00 1127 09l20lOO MH <0.005 MG/L EPA 420.2 196252 09/15/00 0835 09/15/00 MH 0.02 MG/L SM#19 4500- P B,E 196252 09/15/00 1240 09/15/00 JLR IDISSOLVED OXYGEN 9.2 MG/L SM#18 4500 O-G 196253 09/14/00 1131 09/14/00 LD FECAL COLIFORM 740 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 D 196254 09/14/00 1158 09/15/00 MC IREMARKS: WEATHER: SUNNY 61 O F I CENTER VALLE?", ?I.. 18034-9004 PHONE (61 0) 974-81 00 FAX (61 0) 974-81 04 ISEND DATATO: Mr. Jim Birdsall INV #: 196255-196257 [%ANY: Hanover Engineering Associates, Inc. DDRESS: 252 Brodhead Road, Suite 100 PAGE: 20F2 Bethlehem, PA 18017-8937 PO #: IHONE: (610) 691 -5644 FAXI (610) 691 -6968 TEST REPORT PWS ID#: SITE #7, SILVER CREEK @ RESERVOIR RD, STATION #7 START START END RESULT UNITS METHOD INV# DATE TIME DATE INIT. OTAL COLIFORM 3,600 PER 100 ML SM#18 9222 B 196255 09/14/00 1618 09/15/00 LD CON-COLIFORM 14,000 PER 100 ML SM#189222 B 196255 09/14/00 1618 09/15/00 LD HETEROTROPHIC VACERIA TURBIDITY 1.4 NTU EPA 180.1 196256 09/15/00 1501 09/15/00 JLR 7.76 @ 19.7 C UNITS EPA 150.1 196256 09/14/00 1135 09/14/00 LD OTAL DISSOLVED 120 MG/L SM#182540C 196256 09/15/00 1145 09/19/00 RP tHOLIDS FLRESIDUAL 4.02 MG/L EPA 330.5 196256 09/14/00 1154 09/14/00 LD HLORINE IBACK UP BOULE - 196257 WEATHER: SUNNY 61 O F I MANAGER: DATE: i Benchmark Analytics Benchmark4177 Saucon Creek Analytics Road C€-€AINOF CUSTODY RECORD 1 I4 N Courtland Street Center Valley, PA 18034-9004 East Stroudsburg, PA 18301 Phoae(6lO) 974-8100 Fax(610)974-8104 Phone(570)42I-5122 Fax (570)421-5707 hTTP.O. Number: Project Name: E! 5) g '2 x G 5 I- i .--.. "03 NONE IL 1 H2SW 300 1 NONE kfL 140 1 NONE tvlL 146 1 NONE ML IL 1 NONE 1L 1 NONE < I .-.- . .I ~- . ....- . .-.. .- ____- -. ... .- . - - - .- .- I. Relinquished By: (Sig) Date: Time: Received By: (Sig) .. ~~i~~d Condition upon anivd: hnplemented IN I I/I 5P9 -- .- ......