DOCSLIB.ORG

Social, Cultural, and Political Hierarchies in “The Tale of Sinuhe”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Social, Cultural, and Political Hierarchies in “The Tale of Sinuhe” Social, Cultural, and Political Hierarchies in “The Tale of Sinuhe” Mattias Karlsson Social, Cultural, and Political Hierarchies in “The Tale of Sinuhe” ii Abstract Karlsson, Mattias. 2016. Social, Cultural, and Political Hierarchies in “The Tale of Sinuhe”. vi+53 pp. Länna: utgivare Karlsson, Mattias. ISBN: 978-91-637-8243-5. This study focuses on “The Tale of Sinuhe”. Its overarching aim was to discuss different kinds of hierarchies in the tale, while the precise aim was to describe how (power) relationships between the officials, the deities, the king, the people, “the foreign lands” (high and low), and women (high and low, and of all ethnicities) are portrayed in the tale and in other, related primary sources. The analysis was made through a philological investigation and with the aid of certain keyconcepts (such as status, function, and theme) and theories (such as gender- and postcolonial theory). As for the power relationships where the official is the active part, Sinuhe displays blind loyalty towards the king and submission towards the deities. In his relation to the foreign lands, Sinuhe develops from being helpless to governing. In the power relationships where the king is the active part, the king displays a duty to provide towards Sinuhe, he is both pictured as an equal and as a human being (although a very special one) in relation to the deities, and he appears as both a universal and regional ruler in relation to the foreign lands. In the power relationships where the deities are the active part, the deities are described as paternalistic and thus superior to the king. The deities decide Sinuhe’s destiny, but they are the actual rulers of the foreign lands only here and there, testifying more of a regional than universal claim of power. Regarding the power relationships where the foreign lands are the active part, the picture is similar and divided into two parts in relation to Sinuhe and the king. On the one hand the foreign lands are imagined as hopelessly degenerated and culturally inferior, while on the other hand the foreign lands are described as inferior but not beyond salvation, provided that there was an Egyptian influence. The almost non- existent contact from the foreign lands to the deities tells of cultural subordination and relativism. As for the Egyptian people, they are expected to be obedient and loyal towards the officials and the king, while they in their turn are the beneficiaries of “vertical solidarity”. Concerning the power relationships of women, women appear as subordinate to men. Goddesses and court women make up special cases, but even they can be seen as subordinate in comparisons with their male equivalents. Moving from sex to gender, the masculine dominates the feminine. By contrast, the latter symbolizes anonymity, passivity, physical weakness, and (passive) reproduction. Keywords: Sinuhe, literature, ideology, propaganda Mattias Karlsson, Master of Arts in Egyptology at Uppsala University © Mattias Karlsson 2016 ISBN: 978-91-637-8243-5 iii Table of Contents Preface v List of illustrations vi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Sinuhe and his times 1 1.2 Aims of the study 2 1.3 Earlier research 2 1.4 Material 4 1.4.1 Résumé of The Tale of Sinuhe 4 1.4.2 The Tale of Sinuhe, literature, and ideology 6 1.4.3 Other primary sources 7 1.5 Method and theory 8 2. Social, cultural, and political hierarchies in The Tale of Sinuhe 11 2.1 Sinuhe/the Egyptian officials in relation to the others 11 2.1.1 The being and doing of Sinuhe/the officials in relation to the king 11 2.1.2 The being and doing of Sinuhe/the officials in relation to the deities 13 2.1.3 The being and doing of Sinuhe/the officials in relation to the foreign lands 14 2.1.4 Summary 16 2.2 The Egyptian king in relation to the others 16 2.2.1 The being and doing of the king in relation to Sinuhe/the officials 16 2.2.2 The being and doing of the king in relation to the deities 18 2.2.3 The being and doing of the king in relation to the foreign lands 20 2.2.4 Summary 22 2.3 The Egyptian deities in relation to the others 22 2.3.1 The being and doing of the deities in relation to Sinuhe/the officials 22 2.3.2 The being and doing of the deities in relation to the king 24 2.3.3 The being and doing of the deities in relation to the foreign lands 25 2.3.4 Summary 27 2.4 The foreign lands in relation to the others 27 2.4.1 The being and doing of the foreign lands in relation to Sinuhe/the officials 27 2.4.2 The being and doing of the foreign lands in relation to the king 29 2.4.3 The being and doing of the foreign lands in relation to the deities 30 2.4.4 Summary 31 2.5 The Egyptian people and women in relation to the others 31 2.5.1 The being and doing of the people in relation to Sinuhe/the officials 31 2.5.2 The being and doing of the people in relation to the king and the deities 33 2.5.3 Hierarchy and sex 34 2.5.4 Hierarchy and gender 35 2.5.5 Summary 37 3. General summary 38 4. List of references 41 5. Index and appendix 47 5.1 Discussed lines of The Tale of Sinuhe 47 5.2 Additions to the “Sinuhe-bibliography” 51 6. Illustrations 52 iv Preface This work is a revised edition of the book (with the same title) that was published in 2015. The revisions in question are of three different types. One type is that of corrections, mostly of language. A second type is that of clarifications, in the sense of changing uncertain parts of the text in order to clarify a point. A third type is that of polishing. I have made some stylistic changes, e.g. in the arrangement of the table of contents, the removing of underlined headings, and the reformatting of the list of references. In the same pursuit of polishing the first edition, I have also added some illustrations, and I have (quite logically) translated my Swedish abstract into English. v List of illustrations Figure 1: An excerpt from Papyrus Berlin 3022 Figure 2: A picture of Senwosret I Figure 3: The pyramid of Amenemhat I Figure 4: A picture of Amenemhat I with the gods Figure 5: A map of Sinuhe’s movements vi 1. Introduction This book centres on the famous literary piece The Tale of Sinuhe and the different kinds of power relations (social, cultural, political) expressed in it. The first chapter of this thesis begins with some notes on the literary hero Sinuhe, it goes on with stating the aims of the study, and continues with an overview of earlier research. Therefter, some sections deal with the material of the study, while giving a résumé of the tale, discussing the literary status and nature of the tale, and presenting other related primary sources. The chapter ends with a section on method and theory. 1.1 Sinuhe and his times The Tale of Sinuhe is generally considered a masterpiece of Egyptian literature (Simpson 1984, Lichtheim 2006: 222, Parkinson 2009: 2). It belongs to those texts from ancient Egypt which are known also by a wider public, albeit in an indirect, adapted form. The award-winning novel “Sinuhe, The Egyptian” by Mika Waltari (1990) is based on the character of Sinuhe, although being placed in a later period in Egyptian history. His book was later the basis of the high-budget Hollywood movie “The Egyptian” from 1954.1 Although the two Sinuhe (the one in the ancient sources and the one in Waltari’s adaptation) differ quite a lot, the character of Sinuhe remains legendary. Also the Egyptian Noble prize-winner Naguib Mahfouz (2002) has found inspiration from the ancient tale, and written a piece on the basis of it. Some biblical scholars compare Sinuhe with the patriarchs of the Old Testament (e.g. Bárta 2003). Sinuhe is “a resourceful man of his times, a prototype of the proper official at a time of rising prosperity in Egypt and its relations abroad” (Simpson 2003: 54). In the ancient tale, Sinuhe describes in first person himself as a courtier working for king Amenemhat I and the princess Nefru.2 After overhearing a message regarding the death of the king not meant for his ears, he flees from Egypt, and makes a name for himself in the Levant, experiencing foreign customs. In his mature age, he longs for his homeland, and his urgings are fulfilled when receiving a royal amnesty from the new king Senwosret I which makes it possible for him to return to Egypt as a respected person. As noted by Parkinson (2009: 21-26), the tale and Sinuhe’s actions are full of tensions between the ideal and the actual, it changes freely from one literary genre to another, and it even contains inner monologues. The tale is in other words a much complex and multi-faceted work well worthy of yet another study.3 The Tale of Sinuhe is dated to the early Middle Kingdom (2010-1875)4, to a time when Egypt underwent major socio-cultural changes, reflected not the least in the preserved literature, and telling of an emerging “middle class” in life and of a “democratization of the afterlife” in death (Parkinson 1996).5 Historic-politically, it was a time of change too, with the 12th dynasty-kings reestablishing royal authority throughout Egypt after the politically decentralized First Intermediate period (2125- 2010) (Quirke 1991b).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Geography and History of Ancient Egypt
    05_065440 ch01.qxp 5/31/07 9:20 AM Page 9 Chapter 1 Getting Grounded: The Geography and History of Ancient Egypt In This Chapter ᮣ Exploring the landscape of Egypt ᮣ Unifying the two lands ᮣ Examining the hierarchy of Egyptian society he ancient Egyptians have gripped the imagination for centuries. Ever since TEgyptologists deciphered hieroglyphs in the early 19th century, this won- derful civilisation has been opened to historians, archaeologists, and curious laypeople. Information abounds about the ancient Egyptians, including fascinating facts on virtually every aspect of their lives – everything from the role of women, sexuality, and cosmetics, to fishing, hunting, and warfare. The lives of the ancient Egyptians can easily be categorised and pigeonholed. Like any good historian, you need to view the civilisation as a whole, and the best starting point is the origin of these amazing people. So who were the ancient Egyptians? Where did they come from? This chapter answers these questions and begins to paint a picture of the intricately organ- ised culture that developed, flourished, and finally fell along the banks of the Nile river.COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Splashing in the Source of Life: The Nile The ancient Egyptian civilisation would never have developed if it weren’t for the Nile. The Nile was – and still is – the only source of water in this region of north Africa. Without it, no life could be supported. 05_065440 ch01.qxp 5/31/07 9:20 AM Page 10 10 Part I: Introducing the Ancient Egyptians Ancient Egypt is often called the Nile valley. This collective term refers to the fertile land situated along the banks of the river, covering an area of 34,000 square kilometres.
    [Show full text]
  • Helsinki in Early Twentieth-Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940
    lieven ameel Helsinki in Early Twentieth-Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940 Studia Fennica Litteraria The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad. Studia fennica editorial board Pasi Ihalainen, Professor, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Timo Kaartinen, Title of Docent, Lecturer, University of Helsinki, Finland Taru Nordlund, Title of Docent, Lecturer, University of Helsinki, Finland Riikka Rossi, Title of Docent, Researcher, University of Helsinki, Finland Katriina Siivonen, Substitute Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Lotte Tarkka, Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen, Secretary General, Dr. Phil., Finnish Literature Society, Finland Tero Norkola, Publishing Director, Finnish Literature Society Maija Hakala, Secretary of the Board, Finnish Literature Society, Finland Editorial Office SKS P.O. Box 259 FI-00171 Helsinki www.finlit.fi Lieven Ameel Helsinki in Early Twentieth- Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940 Finnish Literature Society · SKS · Helsinki Studia Fennica Litteraria 8 The publication has undergone a peer review. The open access publication of this volume has received part funding via a Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation grant.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading G Uide
    1 Reading Guide Introduction Pharaonic Lives (most items are on map on page 10) Bodies of Water Major Regions Royal Cities Gulf of Suez Faiyum Oasis Akhetaten Sea The Levant Alexandria Nile River Libya Avaris Nile cataracts* Lower Egypt Giza Nile Delta Nubia Herakleopolis Magna Red Sea Palestine Hierakonpolis Punt Kerma *Cataracts shown as lines Sinai Memphis across Nile River Syria Sais Upper Egypt Tanis Thebes 2 Chapter 1 Pharaonic Kingship: Evolution & Ideology Myths Time Periods Significant Artifacts Predynastic Origins of Kingship: Naqada Naqada I The Narmer Palette Period Naqada II The Scorpion Macehead Writing History of Maqada III Pharaohs Old Kingdom Significant Buildings Ideology & Insignia of Middle Kingdom Kingship New Kingdom Tombs at Abydos King’s Divinity Mythology Royal Insignia Royal Names & Titles The Book of the Heavenly Atef Crown The Birth Name Cow Blue Crown (Khepresh) The Golden Horus Name The Contending of Horus Diadem (Seshed) The Horus Name & Seth Double Crown (Pa- The Nesu-Bity Name Death & Resurrection of Sekhemty) The Two Ladies Name Osiris Nemes Headdress Red Crown (Desheret) Hem Deities White Crown (Hedjet) Per-aa (The Great House) The Son of Re Horus Bull’s tail Isis Crook Osiris False beard Maat Flail Nut Rearing cobra (uraeus) Re Seth Vocabulary Divine Forces demi-god heka (divine magic) Good God (netjer netjer) hu (divine utterance) Great God (netjer aa) isfet (chaos) ka-spirit (divine energy) maat (divine order) Other Topics Ramesses II making sia (Divine knowledge) an offering to Ra Kings’ power
    [Show full text]
  • On Publishing Queer Topics in Finland 1–2/2015
    SQS On Publishing Queer Topics in Finland 1–2/2015 Alexandra Stang 48 Lectio Praecursoria Literature as history On Friday, the 28th of November 2014, the former Finnish parliament grow up alone; there is no history. […] It is as though, in Adrienne Rich’s approved same-sex marriage. Thousands of supporters of marriage equality phrase, if you were gay, ‘you looked into the mirror and saw nothing’. Thus had gathered around the Parliament, while opponents of the measure the discovery of a history and a tradition and a sense of heritage must be found themselves vastly outnumbered. It was a historical day of equal done by each individual […] (Tóibín, 14.5.2015).” rights in Finland. In naming the lack of an understanding and an awareness of a history of In May 2015, also the Irish people approved equal marriage. Before the queerness that prevails still today, Toíbín made an essential point. In order referendum in Ireland, the author Colm Tóibín was among the many to understand the character and significance of an event like approving activists who spoke for this change in law. In his speech at Trinity College, equal marriage, one needs to know the history of a minority, that has long Tóibín especially emphasised the importance of literature for society remained in the shadows of society and history writing in Finland as well. and the way it deals with its minorities. It is not only the legal status that generates change within the minds of people. Literature has long been And what could be more useful for making such a history visible than equally important for the visibility of queer people.
    [Show full text]
  • ISI99 Daily Bulletin 8
    ISI99 Daily Bulletin 8 Monday 16 August, 1999 Contents Fortress tour • ISI in the media 2 • Call for registration to Heidelberg ISCB - GMDS - 99 2 • El Khowarizim Committee on Statistics for the Arab Countries 2 • Disasters and emergencies, risk 2 • Changes in the programme 3 • Corrections 3 • Open meeting of statistical societies 3 • Jean-Louis Bodin: Re-enforcing the unity of statistics 4 • Jean-Louis Bodin: Renforcement de l’unité de la statistique 5 • Literacy in use 6 • Milestones of the History of Statistics in Finland 7 • ISI Marco Polo Committee On STATISTICS OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM COSTT 7 • International Association for Official Statistics, IAOS 7 • IASE General Assembly 7 A sunny ferry-ride to Suomenlinna • Inventive Finns 8 • A technology-crazy nation 9 • My cottage is my castle 10 • Nyt on elokuu 10 • Our daily bread 11 • Time-travelling in the Finnish Science Center 11 • Discussion meeting on environmental statistics 12 • Open Meeting on Professional Ethics 12 • Guided nature tours 12 • Some Coming IASE Activities 12 Letkajenkka is a 1960’s version of a Finnish folk dance. ISI99 / Daily Bulletin / Monday, August 16 / 8 1 ISI in the media Good coverage for the Call for registration to Session Heidelberg ISCB - GMDS - 99 “The probability of running across a Monday 13 - Friday 17 September 1999 statistician on the streets of Helsinki is considerably increased during this week” 20th Annual Conference of the International Society for Clinical was the opening sentence of an article in Biostatistics, 14 - 17 Sept. 99 the leading Swedish-speaking newspaper 44. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie 13 - 16 Sept.
    [Show full text]
  • Soldiering and the Making of Finnish Manhood
    Soldiering and the Making of Finnish Manhood Conscription and Masculinity in Interwar Finland, 1918–1939 ANDERS AHLBÄCK Doctoral Thesis in General History ÅBO AKADEMI UNIVERSITY 2010 © Anders Ahlbäck Author’s address: History Dept. of Åbo Akademi University Fabriksgatan 2 FIN-20500 Åbo Finland e-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-952-12-2508-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-12-2509-3 (pdf) Printed by Uniprint, Turku Table of Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Images and experiences of conscripted soldiering 1 1.2 Topics in earlier research: The militarisation of modern masculinity 8 1.3 Theory and method: Conscription as a contested arena of masculinity 26 1.4 Demarcation: Soldiering and citizenship as homosocial enactments 39 2 The politics of conscription 48 2.1 Military debate on the verge of a revolution 52 2.2 The Civil War and the creation of the “White Army” 62 2.3 The militiaman challenging the cadre army soldier 72 2.4 From public indignation to closing ranks around the army 87 2.5 Conclusion: Reluctant militarisation 96 3 War heroes as war teachers 100 3.1 The narrative construction of the Jägers as war heroes 102 3.2 Absent women and distant domesticity 116 3.3 Heroic officers and their counter-images 118 3.4 Forgetfulness in the hero myth 124 3.5 The Jäger officers as military educators 127 3.6 Conclusion: The uses of war heroes 139 4 Educating the citizen-soldier 146 4.1 Civic education and the Suomen Sotilas magazine 147 4.2 The man-soldier-citizen amalgamation 154 4.3 History, forefathers and the spirit of sacrifice
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Book
    SESSIONS K Thursday 13:45–15:15 K1 Global cultures of masculinity Chair: Anna Hickey-Moody, Goldsmiths College, United Kingdom This panel brings together established and emerging scholars from a range of institutions that are renowned for their contributions to cultural studies in order to explore the politics of globalization through the lens of located studies of masculinity. Across lived and theoretical engagements with empirical, transnational business cultures, film, media, sport and philosophy, the scholars brought together here mediate lived practices and disciplines of thought located in very different cultures and contexts. Issues of identity politics such as disability, ethnicity, workplace culture and epistemic debates brought to the fore through philosophical investigations are explored side by side in this challenging and complimentary collection of works, to offer a global, practical and theoretical perspective on the lived experience of masculinity in contemporary cultural formations and practices. Masculinity Politics and the Jargon of Strategy Timothy Laurie, University of Melbourne, Australia It is a sociological commonplace to say that masculinity is articulated ?strategically? to achieve social or material rewards, and many critics have pointed to the impediments to social justice initiatives caused by the strategic possession of gendered social advantages. While valuing these insights, this paper interrogates the formula of MASCULINITY = STRATEGY as the sense making device through which masculinity is held ethically
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 75: Married Couples
    ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. 4, Issue 11, November 2018 Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 75: Married Couples Authorization Galal Ali Hassaan Emeritus Professor, Department of Mechanical design & Production, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt [email protected] Abstract— The ancient Egyptians paid great attention in wife, Pharaoh Amenhotep III and his wife Tiye, Pharaoh authorizing their marriage as a social process. The paper Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti, Pharaoh Tutankhamun presents different techniques used by ancient Egyptians to and his wife, Pharaoh Ramses II and his wife Nefertari, authorize their marriage. A historical era from Old to Pharaoh Ramses II and his wife Isetnofret and Pharaoh Kingdom is covered in the present study with a good number of Ramses III and some of his wives [5]. Li (2010) in his Ph. D. examples. The presentations are analyzed to depict the deep Thesis about elite Theban women of 8th-6th centuries BC meanings out of them. discussed the women roles by investigating the ways in Index Terms— Mechanical engineering history, ancient which elite Theban women constructed and displayed their nd th Egypt, married couples, marriage authorization. identities in their mortuary practices during the 22 -25 Dynasties. He presented a stele for the Singer of Amun I. INTRODUCTION Neskhonsupahered and her husband Priest of Amun Marriage between a man and a woman had a great Nes-pa-her-an [6]. Virtala (2013) in her paper about attention in the ancient Egyptian society.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Matti Itkonen Finnishness As a Soulscape Revisited A
    1 MATTI ITKONEN FINNISHNESS AS A SOULSCAPE REVISITED A mind’s journey into space, time and humanity MOTTO Time is porous, it has holes – it leaks. The future sneaked into the present in advance, too soon. Stepped in front of me and looked straight at me. I could do nothing presence seeped away. PRELUDE Dawn, daybreak, refers to freshness, to the state of being new: to a moment when something is still constructing its own beginning. The inner universe of the travelogue – or, maybe, rather, travelogues – becomes an existential cord plaited from the strands of lived time, lived space, lived body, and the lived other. Somewhere in the background there is music, the resounding refrain of the modern world. Time is young, as is the mind-person. The present is sought fervently, deliriously. The beautiful is adored, life is lived aesthetically. The 1920’s with their Torch Bearers [Tulenkantajat] and machine romanticists emerge as a counter-echo to the deathly whisper of weapons of the previous decade. The 1930's bask in the sun of bodyliness, the proud extolment of the physical. A brave new millenium rises, and suddenly existence starts with the number two. Virtuality, artificial reality, lives its days of glory. Meanwhile beauty, machine aesthetics and bodyliness breathe on with vigour. How deep do the roots of this new present reach? How far is it possible to follow them? Wishes and the reality of events do not, however, always reach out and touch. One year is unlike any other: the brightness of the morning and the clarity of midday light are followed by night's darkness.
    [Show full text]
  • Joutsen Svanen 2016 Joutsen Svanen 2016
    JOUTSEN SVANEN 2016 JOUTSEN SVANEN 2016 Kotimaisen kirjallisuudentutkimuksen vuosikirja Årsbok för forskning i finländsk litteratur Yearbook of Finnish Literary Research Toimittaja/Redaktör/Editor: Harri Veivo JOUTSEN / SVANEN 2016 Kotimaisen kirjallisuudentutkimuksen vuosikirja Årsbok för forskning i finländsk litteratur Yearbook of Finnish Literary Research http://blogs.helsinki.fi/kirjallisuuspankki/joutsensvanen-2016/ Julkaisija: Suomalainen klassikkokirjasto, Helsingin yliopiston Suomen kielen, suomalais-ugrilaisten ja pohjoismaisten kielten ja kirjallisuuksien laitos. PL 3, 00014 Helsingin yliopisto Utgivare: Finländska klassikerbiblioteket, Finska, finskugriska och nordiska institutionen vid Helsingfors universitet. PB 3, 00014 Helsingfors universitet Publisher: Finnish Classics Library, Department of Finnish, Finno-Ugrian and Scandinavian Studies. P.O. Box 3, 00014 University of Helsinki Päätoimittaja / Chefredaktör / Editor: Jyrki Nummi (jyrki.nummi[at]helsinki.fi) Vastaava toimittaja (2016) / Ansvarig redaktör (2016) / Editor-in-Chief (2016): Harri Veivo (harri.veivo[at]unicaen.fr) Toimituskunta / Redaktionsråd / Board of Editors: Jyrki Nummi (pj./ordf./Chair), Kristina Malmio, Saija Isomaa, Anna Biström, Eeva-Liisa Bastman ISSN 2342–2459 URN:NBN:fi-fe201703225378 Pysyvä osoite / Permanent adress / Permanent address: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe201703225378 Taitto: Jari Käkelä SISÄLLYS INNEHÅLL Jyrki Nummi: Foreword ........................................................................................................7 Harri
    [Show full text]
  • The Gazelle in Ancient Egyptian Art Image and Meaning
    Uppsala Studies in Egyptology - 6 - Department of Archaeology and Ancient History Uppsala University For my parents Dorrit and Hindrik Åsa Strandberg The Gazelle in Ancient Egyptian Art Image and Meaning Uppsala 2009 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in the Auditorium Minus of the Museum Gustavianum, Uppsala, Friday, October 2, 2009 at 09:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Strandberg, Åsa. 2009. The Gazelle in Ancient Egyptian Art. Image and Meaning. Uppsala Studies in Egyptology 6. 262 pages, 83 figures. Published by the Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University. xviii +262 pp. ISSN 1650-9838, ISBN 978-91-506-2091-7. This thesis establishes the basic images of the gazelle in ancient Egyptian art and their meaning. A chronological overview of the categories of material featuring gazelle images is presented as a background to an interpretation. An introduction and review of the characteristics of the gazelle in the wild are presented in Chapters 1-2. The images of gazelle in the Predynastic material are reviewed in Chapter 3, identifying the desert hunt as the main setting for gazelle imagery. Chapter 4 reviews the images of the gazelle in the desert hunt scenes from tombs and temples. The majority of the motifs characteristic for the gazelle are found in this context. Chapter 5 gives a typological analysis of the images of the gazelle from offering processions scenes. In this material the image of the nursing gazelle is given particular importance. Similar images are also found on objects, where symbolic connotations can be discerned (Chapter 6).
    [Show full text]
  • Ahmose, Son of Ebana: the Expulsion of the Hyksos
    Ahmose, son of Ebana: The Expulsion of the Hyksos Ahmose, son of Ebana, was an officer in the Egyptian army during the end of the 17th Dynasty to the beginning of the 18th Dynasty (16th century BCE). Originally from Elkab in Upper Egypt, he decided to become a soldier, like his father, Baba, who served under Seqenenre Tao II in the early campaigns against the Hyksos. Ahmose spent most of his military life serving aboard the king’s fleet - fighting at Avaris, at Sharuhen in Palestine, and in Nubia during the service of Ahmose I, and was often cited for his bravery in battle by the king. These accounts were left in a tomb that Ahmose, son of Ebana, identifies as his own at the end of the water—for he was captured on the city side-and he Crew Commander Ahmose son of crossed the water carrying him. When it was Abana, the justified; he says: I speak reported to the royal herald I was rewarded with T to you, all people. I let you know gold once more. Then Avaris was despoiled, and what favors came to me. I have been I brought spoil from there: one man, three rewarded with gold seven times in the sight women; total, four persons. His majesty gave of the whole land, with male and female them to me as slaves. slaves as well. I have been endowed with Then Sharahen was besieged for three years. very many fields. The name of the brave His majesty despoiled it and I brought spoil man is in that which he has done; it will not from it: two women and a hand.
    [Show full text]