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978-951-44-8041-6.Pdf (2.972Mt) TARU TAPIOHARJU Tyttö kaupungissa Uuden naisen diskurssi Mika Waltarin 1920- ja 1930-luvun Helsinki-romaaneissa AKATEEMINEN VÄITÖSKIRJA Esitetään Tampereen yliopiston humanistisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi Tampereen yliopiston Pinni B:n luentosalissa 1096, Kanslerinrinne 1, Tampere, 17. päivänä huhtikuuta 2010 klo 12. English abstract TAMPEREEN YLIOPISTO AKATEEMINEN VÄITÖSKIRJA Tampereen yliopisto Taideaineiden laitos Myynti Puh. (03) 3551 6055 Tiedekirjakauppa TAJU Fax (03) 3551 7685 PL 617 [email protected] 33014 Tampereen yliopisto www.uta.fi/taju http://granum.uta.fi Kannen suunnittelu Juha Siro Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1511 Acta Electronica Universitatis Tamperensis 950 ISBN 978-951-44-8040-9 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-44-8041-6 (pdf) ISSN-L 1455-1616 ISSN 1456-954X ISSN 1455-1616 http://acta.uta.fi Tampereen Yliopistopaino Oy – Juvenes Print Tampere 2010 3 KIITTÄEN ......................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... 9 1 JOHDANNOKSI ..................................................................................... 12 1.1 Johdatus tutkimuskohteeseen ja –ongelmaan sekä avainkäsitteisiin....... 12 1.2 Käsitteistä, tulkinnan perustasta ja teoreettisesta viitekehyksestä .......... 15 1.2.1 Diskurssi .....................................................................................15 1.2.2 Fiktion monet diskurssin tasot ..................................................... 17 1.2.3 Fiktion hierarkkinen retoriikka ja kommunikaatio ....................... 22 1.3 Aikaisemmasta Waltari-tutkimuksesta .................................................. 28 1.4 Tutkimukseni rakenteesta ..................................................................... 29 1.5 Waltarin tuotannosta ............................................................................. 31 1.6 Avaus olennaiseen puheeseen: moderniin ja uuteen naiseen .................. 33 1.6.1 Moderni ...................................................................................... 33 1.6.2 Uusi nainen ................................................................................. 40 2 ENSIMMÄINEN KIRJAILIJAN TUOTTAMA TIETO UUDESTA NAISESTA ....................................................................................................... 59 2.1 Suuren illusionin Caritas....................................................................... 59 2.2 Caritas, minäkertojan sattumalta kohtaama uusi nainen ........................ 60 2.3 Ja rappukäytävässä sama tuoksu, joka symbolisoi kaupunkia: avaus naisen ja miehen maantieteeseen.................................................................... 63 2.4 Nainen, joka murskaa yhteiskunnan huulimaalipuikolla kertojan puhumana ...................................................................................................... 78 2.5 Pikkuveljen tyttöystävä, kertojan unelma uudesta ................................. 92 3 KERTOJAN HÄMMENNYSTÄ HERÄTTÄVÄ AVAUS ELÄVÄÄN UUTEEN NAISEEN, IRENEEN ................................................................... 100 4 IRENE KOHTAA NAISDISKURSSEJA ............................................ 117 4.1 Kertojan ääni kohtaamisissa ............................................................... 117 4.2 Mursa ja mami ................................................................................... 118 4.3 Appelsiininsiemen, Irenen oma äitiys ................................................. 136 4.4 Uudet naiset ....................................................................................... 142 4.4.1 Koulutyttö ................................................................................. 145 4.4.2 Farsan tyttö ............................................................................... 149 4.4.3 Mirre ja Annikki, opiskelijatytöt ................................................ 152 4.4.4 Bobbattu moottorimorsian vai tyttö vaaleanvihreässä metsässä? 162 5 KOTI JA IRENE .................................................................................. 172 5.1 Koti .................................................................................................... 172 5.2 Koti ja ruokapöytä, tyttö ja peili ......................................................... 173 5.3 Kurtin koti ja kylpyhuone ................................................................... 177 5.4 Ilmarin kodin turvallinen hiljaisuus .................................................... 181 5.5 Yhteinen koti, dubletti Etu-Töölössä ................................................... 182 5.6 Oma koti ja katulyhtyjen heikko, syksyinen valo ................................ 184 6 IRENEN AMBIVALENTIT PAIKAT JA TILAT .............................. 190 6.1 Kaupunki vapaan, tuulisen taivaan alla ............................................... 190 6.2 Kahvilat, joissa tytöt istuvat ................................................................ 190 4 6.2.1 Fazer ......................................................................................... 191 6.2.2 Kulosaaren kasino ..................................................................... 192 6.2.3 Kappeli...................................................................................... 193 6.2.4 Särkkä ....................................................................................... 196 6.3 Raitiotievaunu ja ihmisten kiihdyttävä läheisyys ................................. 198 6.4 Auto: kaunis kiiltävä Buick ja kulkuväline vapauteen ......................... 200 6.5 Autobussi ja kuljettaja Lehtinen.......................................................... 210 6.6 Uuden naisen kaupunki ...................................................................... 214 6.7 Kohti Kuusisaarta ............................................................................... 219 7 MUIDEN PAIKAT ............................................................................... 225 7.1 Äidin paikat ........................................................................................ 225 7.1.1 Koti ........................................................................................... 225 7.1.2 Hautausmaa ............................................................................... 230 7.2 Kain paikat ......................................................................................... 233 7.2.1 Kai kompuroi kotiin .................................................................. 233 7.2.2 Kadut ........................................................................................ 234 7.2.3 Kapeassa, keveässä veneessä ..................................................... 237 7.2.4 Uida yöllä, tuntemattomasta rannasta ........................................ 240 7.3 Isän paikat .......................................................................................... 242 7.3.1 Koti ja kadut .............................................................................. 242 7.3.2 Uusi Stockmann; uudenaikaisen elämän keskus ......................... 245 7.3.3 Maalla: Rakas, vanha, tuttu Kesäniemi ...................................... 247 7.3.4 Minun Äitini Maa ...................................................................... 251 8 APPELSIININSIEMENEN KERTOJAN DISKURSSI UUDESTA NAISESTA ..................................................................................................... 257 8.1 Komplikaatio ...................................................................................... 257 8.2 Ratkaisu, eli toimenpiteet, joihin ryhdyttiin ........................................ 261 8.3 Kooda tai kertomuksen relevanssi....................................................... 262 8.4 Arvostelijoiden diskurssi .................................................................... 266 9 PALAVAN NUORUUDEN UUSI NAINEN KERTOJAN JA JUHANIN MIEHISENÄ DISKURSSINA ....................................................................... 270 9.1 Kertojan diskurssi ............................................................................... 270 9.2 Juhani kohtaa uuden naisen diskurssia:Annukka, Tina eli Annabel, medikofiliä lukenut hauska tyttö, Sara ja akateeminen eros sekä Kyllikki, vaalea, pitkä tyttö ........................................................................................ 272 10 SURUN JA ILON KAUPUNKI JA HILJAISEKSI VAIETTU UUSI NAINEN ......................................................................................................... 281 10.1 Surun ja ilon kaupunki ................................................................... 281 10.2 Kertojan kaupunki.......................................................................... 282 10.3 Kaupunki miesten diskurssina: Reppumiehen, Veli Sunnilan, Aarnen ja kirjailijahenkilön kaupunki ...................................................................... 284 10.4 Naisen kaupunki, sairaalan nainen ja tyttö kirjastossa..................... 294 11 KIRJAILIJAN VIIHTEEKSI MARGINALISOIMA UUSI NAINEN: nykyaikainen, sielullisesti kehittynyt, mutta kevättylsä tyttö....................... 299 12 LOPUKSI .............................................................................................. 306 TUTKIMUKSEN KOHDE JA LÄHDEKIRJALLISUUS ........................... 314 5 Tutkimuskohde ja vertailuaineisto ............................................................... 314 Painetut lähteet ............................................................................................ 314 Sanomalehdissä
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