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Lower and Middle Jurassic Ammonoids of the Shemshak Group in Alborz, Iran and Their Palaeobiogeographical and Biostratigraphical Importance

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Lower and Middle Jurassic Ammonoids of the Shemshak Group in Alborz, Iran and Their Palaeobiogeographical and Biostratigraphical Importance Lower and Middle Jurassic ammonoids of the Shemshak Group in Alborz, Iran and their palaeobiogeographical and biostratigraphical importance KAZEM SEYED−EMAMI, FRANZ T. FÜRSICH, MARKUS WILMSEN, MAHMOUD R. MAJIDIFARD, and ALI SHEKARIFARD Seyed−Emami, K., Fürsich, F.T., Wilmsen, M., Majidifard, M.R., and Shekarifard, A. 2008. Lower and Middle Jurassic ammonoids of the Shemshak Group in Alborz, Iran and their palaeobiogeographical and biostratigraphical importance. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 (2): 237–260. The Shemshak Group at Shahmirzad (northern Iran) is characterized by the most frequent and extensive marine intercala− tions and contains the most abundant and diverse ammonite faunas hitherto known from the Lower and lower Middle Ju− rassic strata of the Alborz Range. So far, 62 ammonite taxa have been recorded from this area, including 25 taxa from ear− lier studies. The taxa belong to the families Cymbitidae, Echioceratidae, Amaltheidae, Dactylioceratidae, Hildoceratidae, Graphoceratidae, Hammatoceratidae, Erycitidae, and Stephanoceratidae with the new species Paradumortieria elmii and Pleydellia (P.?) ruttneri. The fauna represents the Late Sinemurian, Late Pliensbachian, Toarcian, Aalenian, and Early Bajocian. Palaeobiogeographically, it is closely related to the Northwest European (Subboreal) Province, and exhibits only minor relations with the Mediterranean (Tethyan) Province. Key words: Ammonitida, biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography, Jurassic, Shemshak Group, Alborz Mountains, Iran. Kazem Seyed−Emami [[email protected]] and Ali Shekarifard, School of Mining Engineering, University College of En− gineering. University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11365−4563, Tehran, Iran; Franz T. Fürsich [[email protected]−erlangen.de] and Markus Wilmsen [[email protected]−erlangen.de], Geozentrum Nordbayern der Universität Erlangen−Nürnberg, Fachgruppe PaläoUmwelt, Loewenichstraße 28, D−91054 Erlangen, Germany; Mahmoud R. Majidifard, Geological Survey of Iran [[email protected]], Box 131851−1494, Tehran, Iran. Introduction Institutional abbreviation.—BSPG, Bayerische Staatssamm− lung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany. All The Shemshak Group (Assereto 1966; Fürsich et al. in press) fossil material described in this paper belong to this collection is a thick siliciclastic succession, widely distributed across and institutional abbreviations are skipped (only specimen central and northern Iran (Fig. 1), the so−called Iran Plate. numbers are provided). The nature of this succession, with immense thicknesses up Other abbreviations.—D, diameter in mm; H, whorl height as to 4,000 m and rapid lateral and vertical changes, indicates % of diameter; U, umbilical width as % of diameter; W, whorl sedimentation in several foreland basins in front of tectoni− width as % of diameter. cally active, uplifted areas of the Cimmerian mountain belt to the north, created by Late Triassic movements (the Early Cimmerian Orogenic Event; e.g., Seyed−Emami 2003). The age of the Shemshak Group ranges from Late Triassic to Geological setting Early Bajocian, and sedimentary environments comprise deep to shallow marine shelf, deltas, paralic swamps, lakes In the area of Shahmirzad, 25 km north of Semnan, the and meandering as well as braided rivers (Vollmer 1987; Shemshak Group, with a thickness of up to 2,000 m, is widely Repin 1987; Seyed−Emami et al. 2001, 2005, 2006; distributed. It rests with erosional unconformity on Lower Seyed−Emami 2003; Fürsich et al. 2005; Fürsich et al. in and Middle Triassic limestones and dolomites of the Elikah press). Besides several short−lived marine ingressions in the Formation and is succeeded, apparently disconformably, by Norian, Late Sinemurian, and Late Pliensbachian (Dome− the marls and limestones of the Middle Jurassic Dalichai rian), the most conspicuous and long−lasting transgression Formation (Nabavi and Seyed−Emami 1977). The described within the Shemshak Group occurred during the Toarcian ammonites come from three stratigraphic sections east and and Aalenian, well documented by marine faunas (ammo− southeast of the small town Shahmirzad. Section 1 (Fig. 2) is nites) practically everywhere in the Alborz Range and cen− situated about 1.5 km east of Shahmirzad, north of the asphalt tral Iran (Seyed−Emami 1988; Fürsich et al. 2005). road to Sari (N 35°47’15’’, E 35°20’07’’). Here only the Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 53 (2): 237–260, 2008 http://app.pan.pl/acta53/app53−237.pdf 238 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA 53 (2), 2008 Fig. 1. Distribution of the Shemshak Group in the central and eastern Alborz, northern Iran. 1: Position of the Shahmirzad and Kuhe Bashm−e−Dehsufian sections; 2: Position of the Sharif Abad section. lower part of the Shemshak Group is exposed. The upper part ally coincide with transgressive episodes and tectonically rela− of the formation (Fig. 2) was studied at the Kuhe Bashm− tively quiet intervals with little siliciclastic input. These inter− e−Dehsufian pass (Kuhe Bashm), about 14 km further to the vals are often characterized by calcareous sandstones or silty− east, south of the road to Sari (N 35°49’35’’, E 53°25’09’’). sandy limestone intercalations, which are otherwise very sub− The third section (Sharif−Abad; Fig. 3) is situated about ordinate constituents within the predominantly siliciclastic 18 km NNE of Semnan, in a south−north trending valley ca rocks of the Shemshak Group. Taking into consideration the 2 km west of the classic section of Diktash (N 35°42’59’’, great thickness of the Shemshak Group (2,000 m and more) E53°26’01’’). Here again, only the upper part of the forma− and the discontinuous occurrence and scarcity of the fossils, it tion has been studied. was not possible to obtain a continuous, bed by bed collection of the fauna. Previous investigations.—Marine fossils from the Shemshak For a better characterization of the ammonite fauna from Group of the classical area north of Semnan (Diktash) were the Shemshak Group of the Shahmirzad area, also taxa from collected and recorded for the first time by Stahl (1897, 1911). earlier studies and collections by Nabavi and Seyed−Emami The few ammonites of this collection have been studied by (1977), Seyed−Emami and Nabavi (1985), Hosseinzadeh Pompeckj (1897) and Fischer (1914, 1915) and later were re− (2003), and Seyed−Emami and Hosseinzadeh (2006) have vised by Seyed−Emami (1967). More detailed stratigraphic been included in Table 1 and in the discussion. and palaeontological studies on the Shemshak Group of the Due the close relationship of the described fauna with that Shahmirzad area have been carried out by Nabavi and Seyed− of Northwestern Europe, the biozonation follows the stan− Emami (1977), Seyed−Emami and Nabavi (1985) Seyed− dard Northwest European ammonite zonation proposed by Emami (1985, 1987), Nabavi (1987), Repin (1987), Hossein− Dean et al. (1961) and Cariou and Hantzpergue (1997). zadeh (2003), and Seyed−Emami and Hosseinzadeh (2006). Level I (Shahmirzad) Ammonite levels and biostratigraphy.—The described am− Echioceras raricostatum Zone, Late Sinemurian. monite faunas are usually concentrated in certain succeeding Most ammonites are external moulds of small and juvenile levels of the three measured sections at Shahmirzad, Kuhe forms, scattered on bedding planes of several successive, Bashm, and Sharif−Abad (Figs. 2, 3). Each ammonite level very hard, bioclastic sandstones. consists of a single bed or of several beds, a few decimetres to The nearly monospecific fauna consists of Paltechioceras several metres or more in thickness. Between the levels in cf. oosteri. The Early Sinemurian ammonites, described ear− which ammonites are concentrated, there are many metres, or lier by Nabavi and Seyed−Emami (1977) from the same local− even tens of metres, of barren strata. The ammonite levels usu− ity, probably come from the same level. SEYED−EMAMI ET AL.—MIDDLE JURASSIC AMMONOIDS FROM IRAN 239 Table 1. Stratigraphic distribution and localities of the ammonite taxa from the Shemshak Group of the Shahmirzad area. Listed are all taxa from the present contribution (marked with *) and from previous publications (Nabavi and Seyed−Emami 1977; Seyed−Emami and Nabavi 1985; Seyed−Emami 1987; Seyed−Emami and Hosseinzadeh 2006). http://app.pan.pl/acta53/app53−237.pdf 240 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA 53 (2), 2008 SEYED−EMAMI ET AL.—MIDDLE JURASSIC AMMONOIDS FROM IRAN 241 This is the first record of the Late Sinemurian in Iran. The ammonites probably are evidence of the first marine ingres− sion within the Jurassic part of the Shemshak Group. Palaeo− biogeographically, Paltechioceras oosteri is a rather pande− mic taxon, being known also from Europe (Schlatter 1991; Blau 1998) and North and South America (Hillebrandt 2002). Level II (Shahmirzad); level A (Sharif−Abad) Amaltheus margaritatus Zone, Late Pliensbachian. This level consists of several layers of reworked, hard calcare− ous sandstone concretions in a matrix of fine−grained sand− stone. The scarce fauna comprises, besides large belemnites and bivalves, the following ammonites: Cymbites (Metacym− bites?) fuersichi, Amaltheus cf. stokesi, A. subnodosus, A. margaritatus, Oregonites cf. imlayi, Protogrammoceras (P.) cf. celebratum, P. (Matteiceras)cf.nitescens. Cymbites and Protogrammeras come from the lowest bed, below the beds with Amaltheus. This is the first record of these genera from Iran. So far only a few occurrences of Amaltheus have been re− corded from Shahmirzad (Nabavi and Seyed−Emami 1977), some localities in Central Alborz (Lorenz 1964; Allenbach
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