ACTA UNIVERSITATIS SZEGEDIENSIS ACTA MINERALOGICA-PETROGRAPHICA ABSTRACT SERIES Volume 4 Szeged, 2004 2ND MID-EUROPEAN CLAY CONFERENCE Miskolc, Hungary, 20-24 September 2004 Published by the Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry an Petrology, University of Szeged ACTA MINERALOGICA-PETROGRAPHICA established in 1922 ABSTRACT SERIES HU ISSN 1589-4835 HU ISSN 0324-6523 Editor-in-Chief Tibor Szederkényi University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary E-mail: szeder@geo. u-szeged. hu Associate Editor Elemér Pál-Molnár University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Magdolna Hetényi Gábor Papp University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Hungarian Natural History Museum. Budapest. Hungary Péter Árkai Csaba Szabó Laboratory for Geochemical Research, Hungarian Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary György Buda Gyula Szöőr Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Imre Kubovics István Viczián Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary Hungarian Institute of Geology, Budapest, Hungary Tibor Zelenka Hungarian Geological Survey, Budapest, Hungary Abbreviated title: Acta Mineral. Petrogr. Abstr. Ser., Szeged The Acta Mineralogiea-Petrographiea-is-published by the Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, University of Szeged On the cover: Glauconitic grains surrounding unaltered feldspar crystals (thin section, crossed polarisers; field of view 2.5 mm). Upper Oligocene Eger Formation, Nyarjas summit, Novaj, Hungary. Photo: Judit Fekete. Designed by: Elemér-Pál Molnár & György Sipos © MECC'04 2nd MID-EUROPEAN CLAY CONFERENCE Miskolc, Hungary, 20-24 September, 2004 ABSTRACTS Edited by Tibor Németh and Attila Terbócs Abstracts revised by János Földessy, János Kristóf, Imre Szabó, Géza Szendrei, Etelka Tombácz, István Viczián Scientific sponsors European Clay Groups Association (ECGA) Earth Science Committee of the Central European Initiative (CEI), Section "A" - Geology Commissions of Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) on Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology (CGMP) and on Colloids and Material Science IUGS Hungarian National Committee Sub-commission on Nano-Mineralogy of the CGMP of HAS General sponsors Agency for Research Fund Management and Research Exploitation, Hungary Hungarian Academy of Sciences Faculty of Earth Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, Hungary Department of Mineralogy, Eötvös L. University, Budapest Koch Sándor Foundation, Hungary Foundation "Industry for Engineering Education", Veszprém Füzérradvány Illite Mines (Cs.-Ker. Iliit Bt., Bekecs) Farma-Investor Ltd., Budapest Szeged, Hungary 2004 Organisers Faculty of Earth Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, Hungary Hungarian Clay Group, member of the Hungarian Geological Society Co-organisers Clay Groups of Slovakia, Poland and Croatia INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC BOARD Péter Árkai Budapest Derek C. Bain ^ Aberdeen Christopher Breen Sheffield Imre Dékány Szeged Celso Gomes ^Aveiro Ivan Kraus Bratislava Gerhard Lagaly Kiel David A. Laird ^ Ames, Iowa, USA Jana Madejová Bratislava Fernando Nieto Granada Sabine Petit Poitiers Jean-Louis Robert ^ Orléans Jan Srodon Kraków Vlado Sucha -v- Bratislava Darko Tibljas -y- Zagreb Asuman Tiirkmenoglu Ankara Zdenek Weiss Ostrava Andrzej Wiewióra -v* Warszawa LOCAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Chairman: István Viczián, Hungary Members on behalf of the organising societies: Krzysztof Bahranowski, Poland, Goran Durn, Croatia, Peter Komadel, Slovakia LOCAL ORGANISING COMMITTEE Chairman: Tamás G. Weiszburg Representatives of the organisers: József Bőhm, Dean (University of Miskolc), Endre Dudich, Vice- President (Hungarian Geological Society) Members: János Földessy (local co-ordination), Ferenc Mádai (Secretary; registration, local co-ordination), Ferenc Molnár (field trips), Tibor Németh (abstracts), Béla Raucsik (field trips), Géza Szendrei Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series 4, Szeged, 2004 PREDICTION OF PETROLEUM GENERATION INTERVALS IN THE SOUTHERN NIGERIA RIFT BASINS BY MEANS OF CLAY TRANSFORMATIONS, VITRINITE REFLECTANCE AND FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES AKANDE. S. O.,' VICZIÁN, I.,2 ERDTMANN, B.3 1 Department of Geology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, PMB 1515, Nigeria 2 Hungarian Geological Survey [Magyar Geológiai Szolgálat], Stefánia út 14., Budapest, 1143, Hungary 3 Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität, Str. des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, Germany E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Cretaceous to Tertiary rift basins in Southern Nigeria 2.46 to 4.30%. In the adjacent Anambra basin where palaeo- comprise of the Abakaliki and the Anambra basins, which temperatures vary from 100 to 140°C, S% range from 20 to form a part-of the Lower Benue Trough. While hydrocarbon 30% and IC values are between 1.4 to 1.6 °20, with maturity prospectivity in the Abakaliki basin was considered as high (Rom) values from 0.7 to 0.9%. If the zone of catagenesis, pet- risk in view of the shallow thickness (cca. 2000 m) of the roleum generation and expulsion is set at palaeotemperatures Pre-Santonian sediments, the adjacent Anambra basin with between 70°C and 130°C comparable with proportions of over 8000 m of both Pre-Santonian and Post-Santonian sedi- smectites in mixed layers (S% in I-S) between 40 to > 10% ments have estimated reserves of 1 billion barrels of oil and and maturity (Rom) values between 0.6 to 1.3%, our data 30 trillion cubic feet of gas. suggests that source rocks in the Abakaliki basin have under- A combined study of clay types especially smectite propor- gone burial diagenesis plus magmatic and hydrothermal tions in illite-smectite (S% in illite-smectite), mixed layers and effects leading to high palaeotemperatures. This level of illite "crystallinity" (IC) of clay constituents, vitrinite reflec- overmaturity on the major axis of the Abakaliki basin indi- tance (Rom) on coaly particles and fluid inclusions microther- cate that the Albian to Cenomanian source rocks have higher mometry in the intraformational vein minerals from the Creta- chances of generating only gas. In the adjacent Anambra ceous to Tertiary sequences was carried out to evaluate the bu- basin, the successions have undergone normal burial diagene- rial stages and thermal maturation of the sediments in selected sis (consequent to subsidence). The level of maturity attained oil exploratory wells and traverses across the two basins. suggests that the sediments are dominantly within the zone of In the Abakaliki basin, where estimated palaeotempera- petroleum generation and source rocks here comprising the tures vary from 170°C to 230°C; the clays are devoid of smec- Albian through Maastrichtian sequences have continued to tites S = 0%; illite "crystallinity" (IC) values are between 0.4 generate hydrocarbons to date at stratigraphic intervals at least to O.9°20 and vitrinite reflectance in oil (Rom) vary from below the Cretaceous-Tertiary unconformity in the basin. www. sei. u-szeged. hu/asvanytar>/acta. htm 3 Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series 4, Szeged, 2004 QUANTITATIVE RECONSTRUCTION OF HOLOCENE CLIMATE CHANGES BY MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PALAEOSOLS IN THE STEPPE REGIONS OF EAST EUROPE ALEKSEEV. A. O..' ALEKSEEVA. Т. V.,1 MÄHER, B. A.2 1 Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science RAS [Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН], Pushchino, 142290, Russia 2 Centre for Environmental Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, Department of Geography, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LAI 4YW, United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] The steppe soil belt of Eurasia, which includes the north- lished for the area of the Russian steppe (Maher et al., 2002, ern Caucasus, the low Volga basin, the southern Urals, and 2003; Alekseev et al., 2003; Zavarzina et al.; 2003). Magnetic northern Kazakhstan, was investigated in this multidiscip- data, XRD, Mossbauer spectroscopy and analysis by electron linary study. Properties of palaeosols, as natural environ- microscopy show that the source of the enhanced magnetic mental recorders in the steppe belt, were compared with the susceptibility values in the Russian steppe soils is ultrafine- sequence of environmental events. The work has shown that grained magnetite-maghemite. There is a strong statistical cor- integrated mineralogical, magnetic methods can be used to relation between modern rainfall and the pedogenic magnetic obtain quantitative estimates of past climate, especially rain- susceptibility across the Russian steppe. This climofunction fall, changes, through both time and space. was then applied to the palaeosols of our study area to deter- About 6000 years ago, a new type of burial ceremony— mine palaeorainfall. Hence, palaeorainfall can be calculated for erecting of a soil hill over a grave pit—appeared among steppe each climate stage recorded in archaeologically buried soils. the tribes of the Eneolith epoch. Such archaeological monu- The rate of formation of secondary ferrimagnetic mine- ments, known in Russian scientific literature as khourgans, are rals in soils is connected with the flux of Fe from primary typical attributes of the southern Russian steppe landscape. Fe-bearing minerals. That is a function of the intensity and Some burial complexes consist of several dozens or over duration (time) of weathering. Once formed, Fe-oxides may hundreds of barrows, created within the Bronze Age (IV—II be the subject to continual modification in an approach millennia