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Maria Skłodowska-Curie W Wikipedii Maria Skłodowska-Curie Maria Skłodowska-Curie w Wikipedii Maria Skłodowska-Curie w Wikipedii Maria Skłodowska-Curie w Wikipedii Stowarzyszenie Wikimedia Polska Łódź 2011 Autorzy Wikipedyści, zobacz strona 235 Redakcja Patryk Korzeniecki Christine Rageul Julia Maria Koszewska Małgorzata Wilk Anastasija Lwowa (Анастасия Львова) Andrij Makucha (Андрій Макуха) Jurij Perohanicz (Юрій Пероганич) Karol Dąbrowski Patryk Michalski SAC Projekt okładki Przemysław Rataj Projekt graficzny wnętrza Marek Kozakowski Skład i łamanie Hadrian Kamiński Niniejsza publikacja, z wyłączeniem okładki, jest udostępniona na wolnej licencji Creative Commons — Uznanie autorstwa — Na tych samych warunkach — 3.0 (CC-BY-SA 3.0 — pełny tekst licencji dostępny w Internecie na stronie http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/pl/legalcode) Wszystkie zdjęcia pochodzą z zasobów Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org Wikipedia oraz jej logo to zastrzeżone znaki handlowe należące do Wikimedia Foundation ISBN 978-83-931454-1-6 Nakład: 1000 egz. Publikacja bezpłatna Druk: Przedsiębiorstwo Poligraficzne „MODENA” Sp. z o.o., Cieszyn, ul. Mała Łąka 17 Stowarzyszenie Wikimedia Polska ul. Tuwima 95, pok. 15 90-031 Łódź, Polska http://pl.wikimedia.org KRS: 0000244732 SpiS treści 5 Spis treści �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 Wstęp / Introduction / Avant-propos / die Einführung / Введиение / Вступ �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Język polski Maria Skłodowska-Curie . 13 Pierre Curie . 21 Polon ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 Rad . 25 Irène Joliot-Curie. 27 Ève Curie . 29 Instytut Radowy w Warszawie . 35 English language Marie Curie . 41 Pierre Curie . 55 Polonium . 59 Radium . 69 Irène Joliot-Curie. 75 Ève Curie . 79 Curie Institute, Warsaw . 85 Le Français Marie Curie . 89 Pierre Curie . 99 Polonium . 105 Radium . 109 Irène Joliot-Curie. .113 Ève Curie . 115 Institut du Radium de Varsovie ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 119 Die deutsche Sprache Marie Skłodowska-Curie . 123 Pierre Curie . 145 Polonium . 147 Radium . 151 Irène Joliot-Curie. .155 Ève Curie . 159 Radium-Institut Warschau ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 161 6 SpiS treści Русский язык Склодовская-Кюри, Мария. 167 Кюри, Пьер ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 173 Полоний . 175 Радий. 181 Жолио-Кюри, Ирен ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 187 Кюри, Ева Дениза . 191 Центр онкологии — институт имени Марии Склодовской-Кюри в Варшаве . 193 Українська мова Марія Склодовська-Кюрi . 197 П'єр Кюрі . 211 Полоній . 215 Радій ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 219 Ірен Жоліо-Кюрі ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 223 Ев Кюрі. 227 Інститут імені Марії Склодовської-Кюрі у Варшаві ������������������������������������������� 231 Autorzy / Authors / Die Autoren / Les auteurs / Авторы . 235 Język polski . 236 English language . 238 Le français . 245 Die deutsche Sprache ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 248 Русский язык . 251 Українська мова . 252 WStęp introduction AVANT-PROPOS DIE EINFÜHRUNG ВВедиение Вступ ok 2011 jest poświęcony Marii Skło- and will deepen your knowledge about Rdowskiej-Curie, fizyczce i chemicz- this unusual woman. ce polskiego pochodzenia, dwukrotnej The editors laureatce Nagrody Nobla. Dlatego też redaktorzy Wikipedii — internetowej 'année 2011 est dédiée à Marie Cu- encyklopedii — ponownie postanowili Lrie (née Skłodowska), physicienne podzielić się wspólną wiedzą w formie et chimiste d'origine polonaise, lau- książkowej. W niniejszym tomie znajdą réate de deux prix Nobel. Par consé- Państwo hasła oraz ilustracje związane quent, les rédacteurs de Wikipédia — z Marią Skłodowską-Curie, jej rodziną encyclopédie disponible sur le Web i odkryciami, które zaczerpnięto z 6 wer- — ont décidé, une fois de plus, de par- sji językowych Wikipedii. Mamy nadzie- tager leurs connaissances sous la forme ję, że lektura niniejszej publikacji będzie d'un livre. Dans ce volume, vous trou- przyjemnością i pogłębi Państwa wiedzę verez tous les articles et les illustra- o tej niezwykłej kobiecie. tions relatifs à Marie Curie, sa famille Redakcja et ses découvertes tels que vous pou- vez les trouver, en six langues, sur le he year 2011 is dedicated to Maria site de Wikipédia. Nous espérons que TSkłodowska-Curie, chemist and vous apprécierez la lecture de cette pu- physicist of Polish origin, two-time win- blication, et qu'elle vous permettra ner of the Nobel Prize. Therefore, the edi- d'approfondir vos connaissances sur tors of Wikipedia — Internet-based ency- Marie Curie, grande scientifique et clopedia — once again decided to share femme extraordinaire. common knowledge in the form of book. Éditeurs In this volume you will find articles and illustrations related to Maria Skłodowska- as Jahr 2011 ist Maria Skłodowska- -Curie, her family and the discoveries she DCurie, Physikerin und Chemikerin had made, that come from 6 language polnischer Herkunft, zweimaliger No- versions of Wikipedia. We hope that the belpreisträgerin, gewidmet. Deshalb reading this publication will be a pleasure möchten die Redakteure von Wikipedia 8 — Internet-Enzyklopädie — ein ge- взятые из шести языковых разделов meinsames Wissen in Buchform noch- Википедии. Мы надеемся, что чтение mals teilen. Im vorliegenden Band fin- этой публикации доставит вам удо- den Sie Stichwörter und Illustrationen вольствие и углубит ваши знания об über Maria Skłodowska-Curie, ihre Fa- этой необычной женщине. milie und Entdeckungen, die von sechs Редколлегия Sprachversionen der Wikipedia kom- men. Wir hoffen, dass die Lektüre die- 011 рік — це рік, присвячений Ма- ser Publikation Ihnen viel Vergnügen 2рії Склодовській-Кюрі, фізикові та bringt und ihre Kenntnisse über diese хімікові польського походження, двічі außergewöhnliche Frau vertiefen wird. лауреатові Нобелівської премії. І тому Die Redaktion редактори Вікіпедії — Інтернет-енци- клопедії — вирішили знову поділити- 011 год посвящён Марии Склодов- ся спільними знаннями у формі кни- 2ской-Кюри, химику и физику ги. в новому виданні ви знайдете польского происхождения, дважды статті та ілюстрації, пов'язані з Марі- лауреату Нобелевской премии. Поэ- єю Склодовською-Кюрі, її сім'єю і від- тому редакторы Википедии — интер- криттями, взяті з шести мовних розді- нет-энциклопедии — снова решили лів Вікіпедії. Ми сподіваємось, що поделиться общими знаниями в фор- знайомство з новою публікацією буде ме книги. в этом издании вы найдёте приємним і поглибить ваші знання статьи и иллюстрации, связанные про цю незвичайну жінку. с Марией Склодовской-Кюри, её се- Редакційна колегія мьёй и сделанными ею открытиями, Nikomu z nas życie, zdaje się, bardzo łatwo nie idzie, ale cóż robić, trzeba mieć odwagę i głównie wiarę w siebie, w to, że się jest do czegoś zdolnym i że do tego„ czegoś dojść potrzeba. A czasem wszystko się pokieruje dobrze, wtedy kiedy najmniej się człowiek tego spodziewa. Maria Skłodowska-Curie List do brata Jakuba, marzec 1894. Źródło: Ève Curie, Maria Curie Maria Skłodowska-Curie aria Salomea Skłodowska- pomocą promieniotwórczości. Dwukrot- -Curie1 (ur. 7 listopada 1867 nie wyróżniona Nagrodą Nobla za osią- w Warszawie, zm. 4 lipca gnięcia naukowe, po raz pierwszy w 1903 M 1934 w Passy) — fizyczka z fizyki wraz z mężem i Henrim Becquere- i chemiczka polskiego pochodzenia. Więk- lem za badania nad odkrytym przez Be- szość życia spędziła we Francji, tam też cquerela zjawiskiem promieniotwórczości, rozwinęła swoją po raz drugi w 1911 z chemii za wydzie- karierę naukową. lenie czystego radu. Do dziś pozostaje je- Prekursorka no- dyną kobietą, która tę nagrodę otrzymała wej gałęzi chemii dwukrotnie, a także jedynym uczonym — radiochemii. Do w historii uhonorowanym Nagrodą Nobla jej dokonań nale- w dwóch różnych dziedzinach nauk przy- żą: opracowanie rodniczych2. teorii promienio- Żona Pierre'a Curie, matka Eve Curie twórczości, tech- i Irène Joliot-Curie. nik rozdzielania izotopów promie- 1. Życiorys niotwórczych oraz Maria Skłodowska-Curie odkrycie dwóch 1.1. Dzieciństwo i młodość w Polsce w 1911. Zdjęcie w dome- nowych pierwia- nie publicznej. stków — radu Maria Skłodowska urodziła się jako i polonu. Pod jej piąte dziecko w znanej rodzinie nauczyciel- osobistym kierunkiem prowadzono też skiej, wywodzącej się z drobnej szlachty. pierwsze badania nad leczeniem raka za Jej rodzina miała prawo do posługiwania 1 Janusz Kędracki, Znalazł grób babki podwójnej noblistki, kielce.gazeta.pl, 2010-07-23 (dostęp: 2011-04-10); Pisownia nazwiska jest przedmiotem sporu. Maria podpisywała się i Marie Curie (w tej wersji jest wypisany dyplom Nagrody Nobla z 1903) i Maria Skłodowska-Curie lub Marie Sklodowska-Curie (w tej ostatniej wersji jest wypisany dyplom Nagrody Nobla z 1911), czy wreszcie Maria Curie-Skłodowska (m.in. w korespondencji z władzami polskimi po odzyskaniu niepodległości przez Polskę). 2 Dwie nagrody Nobla dostali też: Linus Pauling, ale jedną pokojową i jedną z chemii; John
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