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Focal Spot, Spring 2006
Washington University School of Medicine Digital Commons@Becker Focal Spot Archives Focal Spot Spring 2006 Focal Spot, Spring 2006 Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/focal_spot_archives Recommended Citation Focal Spot, Spring 2006, April 2006. Bernard Becker Medical Library Archives. Washington University School of Medicine. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Focal Spot at Digital Commons@Becker. It has been accepted for inclusion in Focal Spot Archives by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPRING 2006 VOLUME 37, NUMBER 1 *eiN* i*^ MALLINCKRC RADIOLO AJIVERSITY *\ irtual Colonoscopy: a Lifesaving Technology ^.IIMi.|j|IUII'jd-H..l.i.|i|.llJ.lii|.|.M.; 3 2201 20C n « ■ m "■ ■ r. -1 -1 NTENTS FOCAL SPOT SPRING 2006 VOLUME 37, NUMBER 1 MIR: 75 YEARS OF RADIOLOGY EXPERIENCE In the early 1900s, radiology was considered by most medical practitioners as nothing more than photography. In this 75th year of Mallinckrodt Institute's existence, the first of a three-part series of articles will chronicle the rapid advancement of radiol- ogy at Washington University and the emergence of MIR as a world leader in the field of radiology. THE METABOLISM OF THE DIABETIC HEART More diabetic patients die from cardiovascular disease than from any other cause. Researchers in the Institute's Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory are finding that the heart's metabolism may be one of the primary mechanisms by which diseases such as diabetes have a detrimental effect on heart function. VIRTUAL C0L0N0SC0PY: A LIFESAVING TECHNOLOGY More than 55,000 Americans die each year from cancers of the colon and rectum. -
2016-2017 Year Book Www
1 2016-2017 YEAR BOOK WWW. C A R N E G I E S C I E N C E . E D U Department of Embryology 3520 San Martin Dr. / Baltimore, MD 21218 410.246.3001 Geophysical Laboratory 5251 Broad Branch Rd., N.W. / Washington, DC 20015-1305 202.478.8900 Department of Global Ecology 260 Panama St. / Stanford, CA 94305-4101 650.462.1047 The Carnegie Observatories 813 Santa Barbara St. / Pasadena, CA 91101-1292 626.577.1122 Las Campanas Observatory Casilla 601 / La Serena, Chile Department of Plant Biology 260 Panama St. / Stanford, CA 94305-4101 650.325.1521 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 5241 Broad Branch Rd., N.W. / Washington, DC 20015-1305 202.478.8820 Office of Administration 1530 P St., N.W. / Washington, DC 20005-1910 202.387.6400 2 0 1 6 - 2 0 1 7 Y E A R B O O K The President’s Report July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017 C A R N E G I E I N S T I T U T I O N F O R S C I E N C E Former Presidents Daniel C. Gilman, 1902–1904 Robert S. Woodward, 1904–1920 John C. Merriam, 1921–1938 Vannevar Bush, 1939–1955 Caryl P. Haskins, 1956–1971 Philip H. Abelson, 1971–1978 James D. Ebert, 1978–1987 Edward E. David, Jr. (Acting President, 1987–1988) Maxine F. Singer, 1988–2002 Michael E. Gellert (Acting President, Jan.–April 2003) Richard A. Meserve, 2003–2014 Former Trustees Philip H. Abelson, 1978–2004 Patrick E. -
Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf2p300278 No online items Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Processed by Ronald S. Brashear; machine-readable finding aid created by Gabriela A. Montoya Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague 1 Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Paper, 1940-1973 The Huntington Library San Marino, California Contact Information Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 Processed by: Ronald S. Brashear Encoded by: Gabriela A. Montoya © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, Date (inclusive): 1940-1973 Creator: Bowen, Ira Sprague Extent: Approximately 29,000 pieces in 88 boxes Repository: The Huntington Library San Marino, California 91108 Language: English. Provenance Placed on permanent deposit in the Huntington Library by the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection. This was done in 1989 as part of a letter of agreement (dated November 5, 1987) between the Huntington and the Carnegie Observatories. The papers have yet to be officially accessioned. Cataloging of the papers was completed in 1989 prior to their transfer to the Huntington. -
Volume LX I, I 9
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE Of TECHNOLOGY E N GI N E E Volume LX I, N II1llber 3, I 9 9 8 IN THIS ISSUE • Prosecuting Science Simulating Molecules Observing Anniversaries London Bridge? The Manhattan skyline? No, it's an oil refinery. figuring out how to squeeze more gasoline rrom a barrel or crude is just one project a group or theoretical chemists at Caltech have taken on in a series or academic industrial collaborations. for more on this partner sh ip, see the story on page 20. Photo courtesy or Chevron Corporation. \ California Inst i tute of Technology 2 Random Wa l k 10 Scie ntific Fraud and Misconduct in American Po litica l Cu lture : Reflections on the Baltimore Case - by Dan ie l J. Kevles Excessive zeal on the part of legislators and the media hyped public suspicion of scientists' behavior. 20 " H ave Method , Wi ll T rave l" - by Douglas L. Smi t h Computational chemistry ventures into the Real World as Cal tech theorists tackle industrial problems. 30 Tw o A s tronomical Anniv ers aries : Palomar at 50 Still going strong , the hale and hearty Hale Telescope hits the half century mark. 36 ... and OVRO at 40 Radio astronomers parry, too. On t he Cover: The six IO.4·meter antennas (one 42 Boo ks - The Earth in Tf{rmoil by Kerr y Si eh a n d S i mon LeVay is hidden behind the others here) of the Owe ns 43 Faculty Fil e Valley Radio Observat ory millimeter· wave array can receive signals from up t o Engineering & Science (ISSN 0013-7812) is published Warren G. -
Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
HISTORY Nuclear Medicine Begins with a Boa Constrictor
HISTORY Nuclear Medicine Begins with a Boa Constrictor Marshal! Brucer J Nucl Med 19: 581-598, 1978 In the beginning, a boa constrictor defecated in and then analyzed the insoluble precipitate. Just as London and the subsequent development of nuclear he suspected, it was almost pure (90.16%) uric medicine was inevitable. It took a little time, but the acid. As a thorough scientist he also determined the 139-yr chain of cause and effect that followed was "proportional number" of 37.5 for urea. ("Propor inexorable (7). tional" or "equivalent" weight was the current termi One June week in 1815 an exotic animal exhibi nology for what we now call "atomic weight.") This tion was held on the Strand in London. A young 37.5 would be used by Friedrich Woehler in his "animal chemist" named William Prout (we would famous 1828 paper on the synthesis of urea. Thus now call him a clinical pathologist) attended this Prout, already the father of clinical pathology, be scientific event of the year. While he was viewing a came the grandfather of organic chemistry. boa constrictor recently captured in South America, [Prout was also the first man to use iodine (2 yr the animal defecated and Prout was amazed by what after its discovery in 1814) in the treatment of thy he saw. The physiological incident was common roid goiter. He considered his greatest success the place, but he was the only person alive who could discovery of muriatic acid, inorganic HC1, in human recognize the material. Just a year earlier he had gastric juice. -
Scientific Fraud ) !J." } .::; :"I~ I ::.T:U!O L.~ 4-F, J T.F;;
California Institute of Technology Engineering & Science Winter 1991 7 _ 4 In this i.sue I;', ~l. 1,150/" q-, >'h 11 1,3t J,~, ~ ~ 0 '., ';.. '".l.l b: -)1 f' I.f): ., 0.',)9 First Lights > 1-" I , - , ,,LJ~'7 Scientific Fraud ) !J." } .::; :"I~ I ::.t:u!o l.~ 4-f, j t.f;; . - '-I~ /2.- .o1l-/r, I) .... ,; "'. t'+t -. 'b~, 1.1 If • ~ ~ ;,, ~I loJ I( 1",_ Technology Lf~IOr 3f7U " i~ "" If l!f Transfer /1 11 " • , ;,).lJ h~ ,, ~ ~ "!> ~, "_ /.>, Is ~I ).. a.- I ~ 4; 7 Semiconductor I I >'f , ,, 1> "II , .... ., Quality Control 'Is i" ,, 0,./, 'i 'l{'1- , ~ ' '''1 i' r 'I $7(, '>'/11 "-1, > • ~'i 1,0:, ~ ~ .., ~I -: /' q, ' " c. t. , u- f'! ~~~ ":lk.i e ... ,- , 11J 3 0 'f l.- , . fo'l' '" ~. "f I ~. (,. I ~ - '>- , ? tl6 . o I,! .,.!- .. - 31.r~{, ) .' J S"7 J. ) , F., a The 10·meter Keck Telescope saw first light in November 1990. California Institute of Technology Winter 1991 Volume LlV, Number 2 2 First Lights The lO-rneter Keck Telescope, with one quarter of its mirror segments installed, produces its first image; its predecessors had different definitions of "first light," as well as different problems. 10 Scientific Fraud - by David Goodstein Caltech's vice provost offers an opinion of what it is and what it isn't, and defends a couple of famous physicists against false charges. 20 Deposit Insurance The layers that make up a computer chip are deposited inside a sealed chamber. A new way to see what's going on within the chamber can improve chip quality. -
Dancing to the Tempo of LEP
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER VOLUME 40 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 2000 Dancing to the tempo of LEP SPIN SUPERSYMMETRY INTERNET Polarized protons accelerated Striking suggestions for How the Web was Born, a new in new RHIC ring p8 additional physics symmetry pl7 book p43 E RI Hew Gêner CES Creative Electronic Systems 70 route du Hunt-dun*! CH-1213 Petit-Uncy, Switzerland Internet: nttp://www.ces.cft I The Ultimate VME Machine CES Switzeriand The RI03 features a twin bus architecture, a Tel: ^41.22.879.51.00 ifque fnter-processor communication mechanism Fax: +4U2.792.57.4d Email; [email protected] for ultra-high-speed data acquisitions g and user-level load balance control CES.O Germany with dedicated hardware. Tel: +49.60.51.96.97.41 Fax; +49.60,51.96.97.33 Sheer Speed: Êttuiil: [email protected] # • VME - block transfers in 2eSST at CES MSâ 300 MBytes/s, single cycles at 20 MBytes/s Tel:+ 1.518.843.1445 Fax;+1.518.643.1447 * Memory - 400 MBytes/s average, Email: [email protected] 800 MBytes/s peak • Multi-Access - VME + PCM + PCI 2 + CPU without global degradation CPU Power: PowerPC 750 or 7400 at maximum available speed I Flexible: Two Independent 64-bit PCI with simultaneous access to the memory I Scalable: Up to four additional PMC's on a PMC carrier system MFCC 844x PMC PROCESSORS • 130 KGates user-FPGA • Continuous acquisition at 50 MBytes/s In 32 or 64~bit mode • Full 750 / 7400 computing core • Full network services on PCI * Complete multi-processing software with connection oriented high-speed data transfers SOFTWARE SUPPORT VxWorics®, Lynxob®, muecat® and LINUX® development software including support for hard real-time target machines. -
Physics 1928 OWEN WILLANS RICHARDSON
Physics 1928 OWEN WILLANS RICHARDSON <<for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially-for the discovery of the law named after him>> Physics 1928 Presentation Speech by Professor C. W. Oseen, Chairman of the Nobel Committee for Physics of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. Among the great problems that scientists conducting research in electro- technique are today trying to solve, is that of enabling two men to converse in whatever part of the world each may be. In 1928 things had reached the stage when we could begin to establish telephonic communication between Sweden and North America. On that occasion there was a telephone line of more than 22,000 kilometres in length between Stockholm and New York. From Stockholm, speech was transmitted via Berlin to England by means of a cable and overhead lines; from England by means of wireless to New York; then, via a cable and lines by land, over to Los Angeles and back to New York, and from there by means of a new line to Chicago, returning finally to New York. In spite of the great distance, the words could be heard distinctly and this is explained by the fact that there were no fewer than 166 amplifiers along the line. The principle of construction of an amplifier is very simple. A glowing filament sends out a stream of electrons. When the speech waves reach the amplifier, they oscillate in tune with the sound waves but are weakened. The speech waves are now made to put the stream of electrons in the same state of oscillation as they have themselves. -
Radiocarbon Revolution Chris Turney Applauds a Book on Carbon-14 and Its Key Applications
JAMES KING-HOLMES/SPL JAMES A human femur, thought to be from medieval times, being sampled for carbon dating. GEOSCIENCE Radiocarbon revolution Chris Turney applauds a book on carbon-14 and its key applications. t is nearly 80 years since the discovery — whose discoveries the carefully gathered sample and found that of carbon-14, a radioactive isotope of made possible the it was measurably radioactive. The story of the sixth element. Because its decay can theory, practice and 14C thus began with a dose of high drama. Ibe used to track the passage of time, radio- further findings we Originally expected to have a half-life of carbon has made myriad contributions now take for granted. just minutes or hours, this heavy form of car- across the Earth, environmental, biological There’s enough to sat- bon was considered a low research priority. and archaeological sciences. In the wonder- isfy the most in satiable But Kamen and Ruben’s efforts proved that fully engaging Hot Carbon, oceanographer informavore. it would be stable over millennia, opening up John Marra takes this story much further, Hot Carbon starts a breathtaking number of research avenues exploring not just the science, but why we with the extraordi- (its half-life of 5,730 years was determined should care about it. nary story of chemist Hot Carbon: some years later). Kamen never received the Carbon-14 and Radiocarbon is scarce in nature, formed in Martin Kamen, born a Revolution in credit he deserved, becoming a victim of the the upper atmosphere through the interaction in Canada to Russian Science US anti-communist fervour of the 1940s and of cosmic rays with nitrogen. -
Inventory to the Herbert C. Brown Papers, 1928-2005
INVENTORY TO THE HERBERT C. BROWN PAPERS, 1928-2005 Purdue University Libraries Karnes Archives and Special Collections 504 West State Street West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2058 (765) 494-2839 http://www.lib.purdue.edu/spcol ©2008 Purdue University Libraries. All rights reserved. Compiled by: Margaret S. Morris, 2008 Revised by: Elizabeth M. Wilkinson, July 2008, May 2012, December 2012 Descriptive Summary Creator Information Brown, Herbert C., 1912 –2004 Title Herbert C. Brown papers Collection Identifier MSF 4 Date Span 1928-2005, predominant 1940s–1990s Abstract Business and personal papers of Herbert C. Brown, educator, chemist, and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize for Chemistry Extent 420 cubic feet (448 boxes) Finding Aid Author Margaret S. Morris, 2006 – 2008; Processing of additional materials and revisions made by Elizabeth Wilkinson, 2008, 2012 Languages English Repository Virginia Kelly Karnes Archives and Special Collections Research Center, Purdue University Libraries Administrative Information Location Information: ASCR Access Restrictions: Collection is open for research. The collection is stored offsite; 48 hours notice is required to access the collection. Some materials have been restricted due to privacy and legal issues Acquisition Donated by Herbert C. Brown and his son, Charles A. Information: Brown Custodial History: The Herbert C. Brown papers were donated to Purdue University by Herbert C. Brown when he was on the faculty at Purdue. Brown’s papers were originally housed in the small library room adjacent to his office that was provided to Brown when he became a Professor Emeritus in 1978. The papers remained as part of the Purdue Chemistry Department until Brown’s death in 2004, when they were transferred to the 12/21/2012 2 archives. -
(IKB): Absolute Dating Methods in Archaeology and the Basis Of
14C u okolišu 14C v okolju 14C in environment Ines KRAJCAR BRONIĆ i Jadranka BAREŠIĆ [email protected] IJS, Ljubljana, 9.12.2015. • 14C metoda – uvod, ciklus ugljika, produkcija 14C • Raspodjela ugljika u prirodi (atmosfera) • Određivanje starosti • Veličine i jedinice • Procjena doze • Mjerne tehnike određivanja 14C • Monitoring 14C u okolici NE • Monitoring u okolici NEK 2 Carbon isotopes 12C 13C 14C 98.89 % 1.11 % 10-10 % p = n = 6 n = 7 n = 8 T = 5730 y 1/2 3 U atmosferi - uglavnom kao CO2, 0,03 (0,04)% vol. - važna uloga za održavanje života na Zemlji - koriste biljke za proces fotosinteze ATMOSFERA 580 GtC (18.st) - 750 + (danas) 100 pMC (do 200 pMC u 20.st) Vraća se u -6,5‰ do -8‰ atmosferu disanjem biljaka i životinja, raspadanjem BIOSFERA vegetacija 600 GtC FOSILNA GORIVA biljnog i životinjskog 100 pMC Površinski ocean 10-20000 GtC tkiva, spaljivanjem (-25 ± 5)‰ 800 - 1000 GtC 0 pMC organskog 95 pMC (-25 ± 5)‰ (0 ± 2)‰ materijala, tlo 1600 GtC oslobađanjem iz <100 pMC (-25 ± 5)‰ tople morske vode i SEDIMENTNE STIJENE vulkanskim 66 - 100 x 109 GtC erupcijama. Duboki ocean 0 pMC 38-40000 GtC (0 ± 2)‰ <100 pMC 0 ‰ CO se otapa u morskoj vodi (veća 2 Izgaranjem fosilnih goriva oslobađa topivost u hladnijoj vodi), a i u vodi 4 se ugljik koji je milijunima godina koja prolazi kroz tlo, stvarajući bio spremljen u litosferi. ugljičnu kiselinu, koja može otapati vapnenačke stijene. Discovery of 14C Obituary Martin Kamen Scientist, co-discoverer of the isotope that gave archaeology carbon-dating, and innocent victim of America's Communist witchhunts (Pearce Wright , The Guardian, Monday 9 September 2002) The American scientist Professor Martin Kamen was the co-discoverer of the radioactive isotope carbon-14.