DOCSLIB.ORG

Title Chinese Capitalism in Dutch Java(<Special Issue>Oei Tiong Ham Concern: the First Business Empire of Southeast Asia)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Title Chinese Capitalism in Dutch Java(<Special Issue>Oei Tiong Ham Concern: the First Business Empire of Southeast Asia) Chinese Capitalism in Dutch Java(<Special Issue>Oei Tiong Title Ham Concern: The First Business Empire of Southeast Asia) Author(s) Onghokham Citation 東南アジア研究 (1989), 27(2): 156-176 Issue Date 1989-09 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/56364 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 27, No.2, September 1989 Chinese Capitalism in Dutch Java ONGHOKHAM* In Indonesia, a legend often grows around a man of great success, and this is certainly true I Introduction in the case of Oei Tiong Ham. Therefore one There are not many writings on Indonesian should not always accept everything that has business. Even the writings on Indonesian been written about him at its face value. For Chinese have been mostly on their politics, example, his daughter Oei Hui Lan's descrip­ despite the often-stated importance of their tion of her father's elaborate morning toilet role in the economy. Indonesia today con­ and gargantuan breakfast reminds us more of siders economic development as its main aim, a mandarin than a businessman [Koo 1943: and has been relying more and more on the 34-35], for the typical picture of a Java-Chinese private initiative of its citizens in achieving businessman is that he did everything fast, this aim. It is in this context that it might be though in his days life was indeed much useful to draw attention to the rise of Oei slower than today. Oei Tiong Ham's father, Tiong Ham Concern in the prewar period. Oei Tjie Sien, might also have had some share Engaged in international trading, sugar mill­ in this legend-making. A typical new im­ ing, banking, shipping, and some other trade­ migrant from China was poor and illiterate, related activities, it was the first modem but Oei Tjie Sien, who was the first of the fam­ business conglomerate in Southeast Asia. ily to come to Java, might have been an excep­ The founder of the Concern, Oei Tiong Ham, tion. However, Oei Hui Lan's story of the was an exception among the Chinese who ran aura of light around him during sleep [Koo small businesses relying on family members. 1943: 6] was probably not true, for it was Oei Tiong Ham was not what L. Williams probably borrowed from Javanese society in calls a mere business manager [Williams which such a story has old and deep roots 1952], or even a simple bearer of risk, but a [Koo 1943: 7]. Even today Oei Tiong Ham leader in economic development as well as a is still talked about in Indonesia. He is said to modernizer of business in the region. His have been a persuasive and sweet-talking achievements contradicted the prewar colo­ diplomat, somewhat of a financial raider, and nial order and J.H. Boeke's dualistic theory a charmer of women. Unfortunately, there is [Boeke 1931]. Ironically, it was the passing no way of knowing today how much of it is a of that order which caused the decline of Oei myth and how much of it was reality. Tiong Ham Concern. Oei Tiong Ham's life and career can be * Faculty of Letters, University of Indonesia, Jakarta understood better if we know the social and Indonesia. economic environment of his period. But 156 ONGHOKHAM: Chinese Capitalism in Dutch Java since we cannot discuss every aspect of it, we money. The Dutch founder of Batavia, J.P. would like to narrow our discussion to what Coen, who was Governor General of the col­ had direct bearings on his life and career, ony from 1919 to 1923, thought of the Chinese namely: the formation of the Chinese, in the city as an essential economic asset. especially peranakan society in Java; the rise The Chinese formed a majority in Batavia's of capital in this society; and Dutch colonial population, living as artisans, traders, contrac­ policy which shaped these developments. tors, and coolies. And in the 18th century, And then we want to focus our attention on they began operating sugar mills in the en­ Semarang, where Oei Tiong Ham grew up, virons of the city. They were its middle class and view his business expansion against the as well as its proletariat. The traders were business and social background of the city. intermediaries between the Dutch and the indigenous people as well as between city and hinterland [Blusse 1986: 78-79]. II Peranakan Society under Dutch In early colonial days, the Dutch tried to Colonial Policy populate Batavia with free burghers, by en­ Although the Chinese began coming to couraging immigration from their country. Southeast Asia a long time ago (probably as But this failed because the VOC did not really far back as the dawn of history), the structure want to develop a city of free burghers from of the Chinese community in Indonesia today the fear that such a city would threaten its started to develop only after the advent of trade monopoly and its authoritarian political Dutch colonialism in the region. In 1619, the structure [Taylor 1983]. Ultimately, the VOC (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, VOC preferred forming an economic partner­ or Dutch East India Company) made Batavia ship with the Chinese, and this became a its headquarters for its trading operations in permanent aspect of the Dutch colonial order. Asia, and Java, where Batavia was located, Early Batavia was already what J .5. Fur­ became the cradle of Dutch colonialism in the nivall later called a pluralistic society [Fur­ Indonesian archipelago [Masselman 1963]. nivall 1939]. Each group tended to have an Colonization of the Philippines, however, independent social life and was administered started earlier than that of Java, but compared by its own headman. In Jakarta today, the with the Dutch, the Spaniards who colonized pattern of residence developed in early the Philippines were less commercially Batavia is still reflected in such locational oriented and less efficient in exploiting their names as Kampung Cina, Kampung Bali, colony. Because of this, they had less need Kampung Melayu, and Kampung Arab. Un­ for Chinese labor. At the end of the Spanish til 1740, however, the Chinese seemed to have period, there were about 40,000 Chinese there been able to live anywhere in the town. They [Purcell 1980: 496], but around the same were, however, managed by their own time, there were 300,000 Chinese in Java headmen-the so called officers, such as [Purcell 1980: 386]. Like the Dutch, they kapitan, lieutenant and quartermaster. The came to the Indonesian archipelago to earn officers were appointed by the Dutch and usu- 157 ally selected on the basis of wealth-the source Dutch and the Chinese seemed to have been of respect and influence in merchant com­ restored within one or two years, even sooner munities· like that of the Chinese. Later, in Batavia, but one permanent effect of the when the local Chinese developed a sense of 1740 massacre was that the Chinese were solidarity among themselves as peranakan from then on assigned to their own residential and established themselves as a group quarters, called Chinese kamp [de Haan different from the newly arrived Chinese 1935: 376-395], and were forbidden to live (singkeh/totok), Chinese officers were ap­ elsewhere. The quarters were called Chinese pointed only from them. ghettos, or Chinatown, and this residential pat­ The existence of the Chinese officer system tern led to a zoning system. In Dutch it was did not mean that the VOC did not intervene called wijkenstelsel, which together with the in Chinese community affairs. In 1655, the passenstelsel, which required a pass for the Dutch established the Council of Chinese planning to travel outside, restricted Boedelmeesters (Trustees), consisting of both their freedom of movement. However, it was Dutchmen and Chinese, to administer the in­ not until 1830 that these restrictions were heritance of the Chinese who died without rigorously enforced by Dutch officials [Rush issue or without children who had come of 1977: 95-96]. age. The fund the trustees came to ad­ Even before 1740, the Dutch tended to keep minister was used to build hospitals and or­ the various ethnic groups they ruled separate phanages. The Dutch and the Chinese also from each other. In the beginning, this had to jointly deal with some other problems tendency was derived more from religious con­ such as sanitation and debtor-creditor rela­ siderations than from racial ones. This is not tions involving both. And also, from early too difficult to understand if we remember the days, the Chinese could take advantage of the fact that the Dutch came from the Europe of Dutch commercial law which gave protection the 17th century, when religious intolerance to their property. Being the headquarters of was at its zenith. The term "peranakan," for the VOC, Batavia enjoyed the best legal pro­ example, reflected the Dutch religious bias. tection, so many Chinese preferred to stay Until the early 19th century, the term was there [Blusse 1986: 85]. used to refer to the Chinese who became From the founding of Batavia in 1619 to the Moslems, or the shaven Chinese-the Chinese end of the VOC in 1800, the relations between who shaved off their pigtails when they the Dutch and the Chinese seemed generally became Moslems. Their number seems to good, but in 1740 there occurred a massacre have been quite large. The VOC segregated of Chinese in Batavia. This was followed by them from the non-Moslem Chinese and ap­ the so-called Olanda-Cina (Hollanders­ pointed their own officers. The position of Chinese) war, which in tum led to a war of suc­ major in the Moslem Chinese community in cession among the Javanese princes, dividing Batavia was, however, abolished in 1827 them into the pro-Chinese and pro-Dutch when they became indistinguishable from the groups.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bangsawan Prampoewan Enlightened Peranakan Chinese Women from Early Twentieth Century Java
    422 WacanaWacana Vol. Vol.18 No. 18 2No. (2017): 2 (2017) 422-454 Bangsawan prampoewan Enlightened Peranakan Chinese women from early twentieth century Java Didi Kwartanada ABSTRACT The end of the nineteenth century witnessed paradox among the Chinese in colonial Java. On one hand, they were prospering economically, but were nonetheless held in contempt by the Dutch, encountered legal discrimination and faced challenges if they wanted to educate their children in European schools. Their marginal position motivated them do their utmost to become “civilized subjects”, on a par with Europeans, but they were also inspired to reinvent their Chinese identity. This contribution will highlight role played by “enlightened” Chinese, the kaoem moeda bangsa Tjina. Central to this movement were the Chinese girls known to the public as bangsawan prampoewan (the noblewomen), who wrote letters the newspaper and creating a gendered public sphere. They also performed western classical music in public. Considering the inspirational impact of bangsawan prampoewan’s enlightening achievements on non-Chinese women, it is appropriate to include them into the narrative of the history of the nation’s women’s movements. KEYWORDS Chinese; women; modernity; progress; newspapers; Semarang; Surabaya; western classical music; Kartini. Didi Kwartanada studies history of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, especially Java. He is currently the Director of the Nation Building Foundation (NABIL) in Jakarta and is preparing a book on the history of Chinese identity cards in Indonesia. His publications include The encyclopedia of Indonesia in the Pacific War (Leiden: Brill, 2009) as co-editor and contributor, and the most recent work Tionghoa dalam keindonesiaan; Peran dan kontribusi bagi pembangunan bangsa (3 vols; Jakarta: Yayasan Nabil, 2016) as managing editor cum contributor.
    [Show full text]
  • $Tuilia I$Lailiii(A Volume 16, Number 1,2009 INDONESIAN Rcunxn- Ron Tslamlc Studres
    $TUilIA I$LAilIII(A Volume 16, Number 1,2009 INDONESIAN rcunxn- ron tsLAMlc sTUDrEs DtsuNIt"y, DlsrnNcr, DISREGARo' THE POLITICAL FAILURE OF ISMVTSU IN LATE CoI-oNnr INooNnsrn Robert E. Elson THB Tno oF IsIAM: CneNc Ho nNo THE LEGACY OF CHINESE MUSLIMS IN PRE-MODERNJAVA Sumanto Al QurtubY THnAucuENTATIoN oF RADICAL lonRs eNo THE ROLE OF ISI-AMIC EOUCNTIONAL SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA Mohd Kamarulnizam Abdullah ISSN 0215-0492 STI]ilIA ISTAilIIKA lndonesian Joumd for lslamic Studies Vol.16. no.1,2009 EDITORIALBOARD: M. Quraish Shihab (UlN lakarta) Taufik Abdullah (LIPI lakarta) Nur A. Fadhil Lubis (IAIN Sumatra Utara) M.C. Ricklefs (Melbourne Uniaersity ) Martin aan Bruinessen (Utrecht Uniztersity) John R. Bowen (Washington Uniuersity, St. Louis) M. Atho Mudzhar (IAIN logyaknrta) M. Kamal Hasan (International lslamic lJniaersity, Kuala Lumpur) M. Bary Hooker (Australian National Uniaersity, Australi.tt) Virginia Matheson Hooker (Australian National Uniaersity, Australin) EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Azyrmardi Azra EDITORS lajat Burhanuddin Saiful Muiani lamhari Fu'ad labali Oman Fathurahma ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORS Ady Setiadi Sulaiman Teslriono ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR Dickaan der Meij ARABIC LANGUAGE ADVISOR Masri el-MahsyarBidin COVER DESICNER S. Prinkn STUDIA ISLAMIKA (ISSN 021 5-0492) is a journal published by the Center for the study of Islam and society QPIM) lIlN Syarif Hidayatullah, lakarta (sTT DEPPEN No. 129/SK/ bnlfN5ppC/sTi/1976). It specinlizes in Indonesian lslamic studies in particular, and South- east Asian Islamic Studies in general, and is intended to communicate original researches and. current issues on the subject. This journal watmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. AII articles published do not necessarily represent the aiews of the journal, or other institutions to which it is affitinted.
    [Show full text]
  • Liem Thian Joe's Unpublished History of Kian Gwan
    Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 27, No.2, September 1989 Liem Thian Joe's Unpublished History of Kian Gwan Charles A. COPPEL* Studies on the role of the overseas Chinese sue the talent for writing which was already in the economies of Southeast Asia are rare evident in his schoolwork. A short ex­ enough, despite their generally acknowledged perience as a trader in Ngadiredjo soon con­ importance. This has been particularly true vinced him, however, that he should seek his of Indonesia, and consequently it is a matter livelihood as a writer. of some interest to discover an unpublished His career in journalism seems to have history of Kian Gwan (Oei Tiong Ham Con­ begun in the 1920's when he joined the staff of cern), the biggest and longest-lasting Chinese the Semarang peranakan Chinese daily, Warna business of all in Indonesia. Further interest Warla (although there is some suggestion that is aroused by the fact that the manuscript was he also contributed to the Jakarta daily, Per­ written by the late Liem Thian Joe, the well­ niagaan, at this time). In the early 1930's, he known Semarang journalist and historian. moved from Warna Warta to edit the Semarang This combination gives us promise of insights daily, Djawa Tengah (and its sister monthly into the firm itself, the Oei family which Djawa Tengah Review). In later years he established it and built it up, and the history of was also a regular contributor to the weekly the Chinese of Semarang where its original edition of the Jakarta newspaper, Sin PO.2) office was founded.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dark Side of the Lasem Maritime Industry: Chinese Power in Opium Business in the XIX Century
    Journal of Maritime Studies and Maritime Integration, 2 (2), 91-100 The Dark Side of the Lasem Maritime Industry: Chinese Power in Opium Business in the XIX Century Siska Nurazizah Lestari, Nara Setya Wiratama Universitas Nusantara PGRI, Kediri Indonesia Abstract Some of the issues discussed in this article are the shipyard industry Received: development at Lasem, and revealing the factors of Chinese traders conducted December 8, 2018 smuggling by sea. This study shows the dark side of the maritime industry found in Lasem mainly related to Chinese power in the opium business, XIX Revised: century. These problems analyzes with critical historical methods which December 22, 2018 consist of four stages, including a) heuristics, seeking and collecting historical sources, both primary and secondary sources; b) source criticism, the process Accepted: carried out to test the authenticity and credibility of the source; c) January 23, 2019 interpretations, interpret and compile facts from one another; d) historiography, the process of rewriting historical events. According to the Corresponding author: results, there was a concentration of Chinese residences during the colonial [email protected] period. Lasem’s Chinese settlements (Chinatown) had rapid growth after the migration of Chinese and the Chinese massacre as known as Geger, Pecinan. To maintain its existence, the Chinese in Lasem initiated the opium business, developed in the nineteenth century by sea. The presence of the Lasem River also strengthened this finding, became the lifeblood of economic activity in the past. The Lasem River also connects the hinterland with the coastal area, so it has a negative impact mainly related to the smuggling of opium.
    [Show full text]
  • Oei Tjong Tjay(<Special Issue>Oei Tiong Ham Concern: The
    Interview: Oei Tjong Tjay(<Special Issue>Oei Tiong Ham Title Concern: The First Business Empire of Southeast Asia) Author(s) Yoshihara, Kunio Citation 東南アジア研究 (1989), 27(2): 221-265 Issue Date 1989-09 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/56367 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 27, No.2, September 1989 Interview: Oei Tjong Tjay Date: April 17 and 18, 1988 Place: Hotel Tiefenau, Zurich, Switzerland Interviewer: Yoshihara Kunio A Brief Profile of Oei Tjong Tjay Oei Tjong Tjay is the last son of Oei Tiong Ham, born in Singapore in 1924. His mother is Ho Kiem Hoa Nio (or Lucy Ho), the seventh wife of Oei Tiong Ham. Oei Tjong Tjay received primary education in the Netherlands, and secondary and university education in Switzerland. He then went to the United States for graduate study in economics. He returned to Indonesia in 1948, and managed its operation for several years after his half-brother Oei Tjong Hauw died in January 1950. He left Indonesia in late 1957, but headed its board of directors until 1961 when the Indonesian government took over the Indonesian operation of Oei Tiong Ham Concern. In the next few years, he organized a legal defense to fight the confiscation in Indonesia. He now heads the Kian Gwan group in the Netherlands and lives in Switzerland. Interview 1. Mother could not have spoken Dutch at home during her childhood, because I know my maternal Could you tell me about your mother's family grandparents did not speak Dutch. They background? spoke Chinese and Malay.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oei Tiong Ham Concern and the Change of Regimes in Indonesia, 1931–1950
    CHAPTER EIGHT THE OEI TIONG HAM CONCERN AND THE CHANGE OF REGIMES IN INDONESIA, 1931–1950 Peter Post Introduction The central decades of the twentieth century posed tremendous chal- lenges for ethnic Chinese family firms in Indonesia. During this period the late colonial Dutch regime was forcefully replaced by a short-lived but highly significant Japanese military administration and followed by the independent Republic of Indonesia. Each of the regime transi- tions was accompanied by widespread anti-Chinese violence resulting in many deaths and great material damage to Chinese shops, trading firms, manufacturing industries, and agricultural enterprises. Since each of the regimes professed different economic policies and created highly different sets of economic institutions (partly because of the changes in the global economic environment, partly because of different ideolo- gies), ethnic Chinese firms were forced to adapt and adjust themselves constantly in order to sustain their businesses. Some were successful, others failed. The mechanisms underlying the various Chinese busi- ness responses towards the enforced institutional changes during these crucial decades in Indonesian history have so far hardly been studied, let alone understood. The major reason seems to be that most writ- ings on the ethnic Chinese experience during the Japanese military administration and the Sukarno regime have used political frameworks, rather than business perspectives. The powerful nation-state paradigm fitted the indigenous bourgeoisies and U.S. hegemonizing efforts in the region. In the post-war debates on modernization, development and nation-state building simplified dichotomic frameworks ruled the dice, and within these frameworks no need was felt to delve deeper into the experiences of the ethnic Chinese business elites, since they were simply seen as collaborators and profiteers of an unjust colonial order and exploiters of the indigenous populations, actually preventing their emancipation rather than supporting it.
    [Show full text]
  • Asia Public Policy Forum: Disaster Management in Asia
    Co-sponsors: Harvard University Asia Center and Harvard Kennedy School Program on Crisis Leadership Asia Public Policy Forum: Disaster Management in Asia Sunday, May 13, 2012 6:30 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. Networking Reception and Light Supper La Terasse, Level 2 Orchard Hotel 442 Orchard Road Singapore 238879 Monday, May 14, 2012 8:30 a.m. – 9:30 a.m. Registration and Continental Breakfast Oei Tiong Ham Building Lobby Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy (NUS Bukit Timah Campus) 469C Bukit Timah Road Singapore 259772 9:30 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. Session 1: Disaster Management and Public Policy in Asia Seminar Room 3-1, Level 3, Manasseh Meyer Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy Speakers: Stavros Yiannouka, Executive Vice-Dean, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore (Singapore) Arnold M. Howitt, Executive Director, Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation, and Faculty Co-Director, Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School (USA); Title: The Challenges of Disasters in Asia Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard, George F. Baker, Jr. Professor of Public Management and Faculty Co- Director, Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School (USA); Title: Acting in Time and a Comprehensive Risk Management Framework Caroline Brassard, Assistant Professor and Assistant Dean of Academic Affairs, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore (Singapore); Title: Humanitarian Aid, Charity Fatigue, and Community Resilience 10:30 a.m. – 10:50 a.m. Tea Break Oei Tiong Ham Building Lobby Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy 10:50 a.m. – 12:30 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Indonesian National Identity Through History Semarang As a Maritime City: a Medium of Unity in Diversity
    STRENGTHENING INDONESIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY THROUGH HISTORY SEMARANG AS A MARITIME CITY: A MEDIUM OF UNITY IN DIVERSITY Oleh: Dewi Yuliati Jurusan Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Diponegoro ABSTRACT This article talks about the dynamic of the formation of Semarang cultural identity especially Semarang arts and Semarang ritual tradition. Semarang is a city which has an unique growth and character. Based on traditional historical resources, Semarang had been already existed since the period of the expansion of Hindu culture. Its early development as a city ran parallel with the islamization in this region. Semarang was formed administratively on May 2 - 1547, when Ki Pandanarang II was chosen as the regent of this city by the Sultan of Pajang kingdom, Hadiwijawa. The administrative development of Semarang could not be separated from its good economic and geographical position. Because of its strategic position, the Dutch came to occupy this region and also spread its political, economic, social, and cultural influences in this region. To face these influences of foreign cultures, the people of Semarang took the way of peace and hybrid, so it could be argued that Semarang become a good medium of hybrid culture. This could also be concluded that Semarang is a maritime city which can be viewed as a good medium for strengthening Indonesian national identity: unity in diversity. Keywoords: Semarang, national identity, unity in diversity. A. INTRODUCTION National identity is distinctive elements, namely: (1) national culture, (2) feature of one nation. Various studies have nationalism, (3) national ethics, and (4) shown that a national identity is a direct national identity (Sartono Kartodirdjo, result of the presence of elements which 1993).
    [Show full text]
  • Liem Thian Joe's Unpublished History of Kian Gwan(Oei Tiong Ham
    Liem Thian Joe's Unpublished History of Kian Gwan(<Special Title Issue>Oei Tiong Ham Concern: The First Business Empire of Southeast Asia) Author(s) Coppel, Charles A. Citation 東南アジア研究 (1989), 27(2): 177-187 Issue Date 1989-09 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/56365 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 27, No.2, September 1989 Liem Thian Joe's Unpublished History of Kian Gwan Charles A. COPPEL* Studies on the role of the overseas Chinese sue the talent for writing which was already in the economies of Southeast Asia are rare evident in his schoolwork. A short ex­ enough, despite their generally acknowledged perience as a trader in Ngadiredjo soon con­ importance. This has been particularly true vinced him, however, that he should seek his of Indonesia, and consequently it is a matter livelihood as a writer. of some interest to discover an unpublished His career in journalism seems to have history of Kian Gwan (Oei Tiong Ham Con­ begun in the 1920's when he joined the staff of cern), the biggest and longest-lasting Chinese the Semarang peranakan Chinese daily, Warna business of all in Indonesia. Further interest Warla (although there is some suggestion that is aroused by the fact that the manuscript was he also contributed to the Jakarta daily, Per­ written by the late Liem Thian Joe, the well­ niagaan, at this time). In the early 1930's, he known Semarang journalist and historian. moved from Warna Warta to edit the Semarang This combination gives us promise of insights daily, Djawa Tengah (and its sister monthly into the firm itself, the Oei family which Djawa Tengah Review).
    [Show full text]
  • ME 3-7-2013 Met Illustraties
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21954 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Erkelens, Monique Title: The decline of the Chinese Council of Batavia: the loss of prestige and authority of the traditional elite amongst the Chinese community from the end of the nineteenth century until 1942 Issue Date: 2013-10-15 THE DECLINE OF THE CHINESE COUNCIL OF BATAVIA Cover photo: Major Khouw Kim An and Captain Tio Tek Soen, 1908 Source: Private collection of L. N. Goei Cover design by Uji Nugroho THE DECLINE OF THE CHINESE COUNCIL OF BATAVIA: THE LOSS OF PRESTIGE AND AUTHORITY OF THE TRADITIONAL ELITE AMONGST THE CHINESE COMMUNITY FROM THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY UNTIL 1942 PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. dr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op dinsdag 15 oktober 2013 klokke 15.00 door Monique Erkelens geboren te Rotterdam in 1981 Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof. dr. J. L. Blussé van Oud-Alblas Co-promotor: Dr. L. M. Douw Overige leden: Prof. dr. W.L. Idema Prof. dr. J. J. L. Gommans Prof. dr. K. J. P. F. M. Jeurgens Prof. dr. H. Schulte Nordholt Prof. dr. C. van Dijk Prof. dr. Nie Dening (Xiamen University, P. R. China) Dr. J. Th. Lindblad CONTENTS Acknowledgements 8 List of illustrations 11 List of abbreviations 13 Glossary 15 Introduction 23 Chapter 1: Batavia and Chinese settlement 48 1.1 Modern Chinese emigration to the Nanyang and early structures of ethnic
    [Show full text]
  • Dutch Commerce and Chinese Merchants in Java Verhandelingen Van Het Koninklijk Instituut Voor Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde
    Dutch Commerce and Chinese Merchants in Java Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Edited by Rosemarijn Hoefte KITLV, Leiden Henk Schulte Nordholt KITLV, Leiden Editorial Board Michael Laffan Princeton University Adrian Vickers Sydney University Anna Tsing University of California Santa Cruz VOLUME 291 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vki Dutch Commerce and Chinese Merchants in Java Colonial Relationships in Trade and Finance, 1800–1942 By Alexander Claver LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐ Noncommercial‐NonDerivative 3.0 Unported (CC‐BY‐NC‐ND 3.0) License, which permits any noncommercial use, and distribution, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. The realization of this publication was made possible by the support of KITLV (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies). Front cover illustration: Sugar godown of the sugar enterprise ‘Assem Bagoes’ in Sitoebondo, East Java, ca. 1900. Collection Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV), Leiden (image code: 6017). Back cover illustration: Five guilder banknote of De Javasche Bank, 1934. Front side showing a male dancer of the Wayang Wong theatre of Central Java. Back side showing batik motives and a text in Dutch, Chinese, Arabic and Javanese script warning against counterfeiting. Design by the Dutch artist C.A. Lion Cachet. Printed by Joh. Enschedé en Zonen. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Claver, Alexander. Dutch commerce and Chinese merchants in Java : colonial relationships in trade and finance, 1800-1942 / by Alexander Claver.
    [Show full text]
  • Wayang Potehi: Glove Puppets in the Expression of Sino-Lndonesian Identity Author(S): Josh Stenberg Source: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol
    Department of History, National University of Singapore Wayang potehi: Glove puppets in the expression of Sino-lndonesian identity Author(s): Josh Stenberg Source: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 46, No. 3 (October 2015), pp. 391-416 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of Department of History, National University of Singapore Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43863200 Accessed: 20-03-2021 23:44 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Department of History, National University of Singapore, Cambridge University Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Southeast Asian Studies This content downloaded from 49.181.51.63 on Sat, 20 Mar 2021 23:44:21 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 391 Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 46(3), pp 391-416 October 2015. © The National University of Singapore, 2015 doi:10.1017/S0022463415000314 Wayang potehi : Glove puppets in the expression of Sino-lndonesian identity Josh Stenberg Dedicated to the memory of Ki Sesomo This article examines wayang potehi, a cloth glove puppet theatre of southern Fujian origin performed on Java. It outlines the genre's emergence in Fujian , its arrival in the archipelago, and historical and contemporary practice.
    [Show full text]