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Guide to Entering Unicode Characters and Combining Diacritics in Aleph

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Guide to Aleph Floating Keyboard and Direct Entry of Unicode values into Aleph November 15, 2010 Guide to entering Unicode characters and combining diacritics in Aleph This document describes how to enter Unicode characters in Aleph, including: precomposed characters (letter and diacritic together as a single Unicode character), special characters, and combining diacritics (used to modify a separate letter when a precomposed character is not available). Please note : Always use a precomposed character if available; if a precomposed character is not available, enter a combining diacritic following the letter it modifies. Characters may be entered via the Aleph floating keyboard or via direct entry of the appropriate Unicode value. 1. Aleph Floating Keyboard • The floating keyboard is divided into tabs, with letters arranged in alphabetical order. There is also a tab for special characters, and a tab for combining diacritics. Combining diacritics are used only where there is no Unicode value for a precomposed character (letter with diacritic). • Call up the floating keyboard by choosing Activate Keyboard from the Options Menu in the Cataloging module, or selecting the keyboard icon on the upper right of the screen. • Place the cursor in the appropriate place in an Aleph record. • Select the appropriate character from the floating keyboard. 2. Unicode Mode (Direct Entry) • Place the cursor in the appropriate place in an Aleph record. • Hit F11 to activate Unicode Mode. • Type the 4-character Unicode value for the selected character or combining diacritic (character is automatically pasted into record). • Hit F11 to exit Unicode Mode. Unicode characters may also be assigned to keyboard equivalents through the Hotkey function in the MacroExpress software. Availability of this software and its Unicode characters file is contingent on both installation and support by the library’s local IT department. Please see the MacroExpress documentation on the Aleph Documentation Center for more information. Harvard University Library, Office for Information Systems Page 1 of 11 Guide to Aleph Floating Keyboard and Direct Entry of Unicode values into Aleph November 15, 2010 ÁáĂăẮắẶặẰằẲẳẴẵÂâẤ 00C1 00E1 0102 0103 1EAE 1EAF 1EB6 1EB7 1EB0 1EB1 1EB2 1EB3 1EB4 1EB5 00C2 00E2 1EA4 acute acute breve breve breve and breve and breve and breve and breve and breve and breve and breve and breve and breve and circumflex circumflex circumflex acute acute dot below dot below grave grave hook hook tilde tilde and acute above above ấẬậẦầẨẩẪẫÄä Ȧ ȧ Ạ ạ À à 1EA5 1EAC 1EAD 1EA6 1EA7 1EA8 1EA9 1EAA 1EAB 00C4 00E4 0226 0227 1EA0 1EA1 00C0 00E0 circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex diaeresis diaeresis dot above dot above dot below dot below grave grave and acute and dot and dot and grave and grave and hook and hook and tilde and tilde below below above above ẢảĀāĄąÅåÃãÆæǢǣ 1EA2 1EA3 0100 0101 0104 0105 00C5 00E5 00C3 00E3 00C6 00E6 01E2 01E3 hook hook macron macron ogonek ogonek ring above ring above tilde tilde AE AE AE with AE with above above macron macron Harvard University Library, Office for Information Systems Page 2 of 11 Guide to Aleph Floating Keyboard and Direct Entry of Unicode values into Aleph November 15, 2010 ḂḃḄḅḆḇĆćČčÇçĈĉĊċ 1E02 1E03 1E04 1E05 1E06 1E07 0106 0107 010C 010D 00C7 00E7 0108 0109 010A 010B dot above dot above dot below dot below line below line below acute acute caron caron cedilla cedilla circumflex circumflex dot above dot above ĎďḐḑḊḋḌḍḎḏĐđÉéĔĕ 010E 010F 1E10 1E11 1E0A 1E0B 1E0C 1E0D 1E0E 1E0F 0110 0111 00C9 00E9 0114 0115 caron caron cedilla cedilla dot above dot above dot below dot below line below line below stroke* stroke* acute acute breve breve (see note (see note below) below) Ě ě Ȩ ȩ ÊêẾếỆệỀềỂểỄễ 011A 011B 0228 0229 00CA 00EA 1EBE 1EBF 1EC6 1EC7 1EC0 1EC1 1EC2 1EC3 1EC4 1EC5 caron caron cedilla cedilla circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex and acute and acute and dot and dot and grave and grave and hook and hook and tilde and tilde below below above above ËëĖėẸẹÈèẺẻĒēĘęẼẽ 00CB 00EB 0116 0117 1EB8 1EB9 00C8 00E8 1EBA 1EBB 0112 0113 0118 0119 1EBC 1EBD diaeresis diaeresis dot above dot above dot below dot below grave grave hook hook macron macron ogonek ogonek tilde tilde above above * Do not use for Faroese, Icelandic, Old English, IPA --> see special character Eth. Harvard University Library, Office for Information Systems Page 3 of 11 Guide to Aleph Floating Keyboard and Direct Entry of Unicode values into Aleph November 15, 2010 ḞḟǴǵĞğǦǧĢģĜĝĠġ 1E1E 1E1F 01F4 01F5 011E 011F 01E6 01E7 0122 0123 011C 011D 0120 0121 dot above dot above acute acute breve breve caron caron cedilla cedilla circumflex circumflex dot above dot above Ḡ ḡ Ḫ ḫ Ȟ ȟ Ḩ ḩ Ĥ ĥ Ḧ ḧ Ḣ ḣ 1E20 1E21 1E2A 1E2B 021E 021F 1E28 1E29 0124 0125 1E26 1E27 1E22 1E23 macron macron breve breve caron caron cedilla cedilla circumflex circumflex diaeresis diaeresis dot above dot above below below ḤḥẖÍíĬĭǏǐÎîÏïİ 1E24 1E25 1E96 00CD 00ED 012C 012D 01CF 01D0 00CE 00EE 00CF 00EF 0130 dot below dot below line below acute acute breve breve caron caron circumflex circumflex diaeresis diaeresis dot above ỊịıÌìỈỉĪīĮįĨĩ 1ECA 1ECB 0131 00CC 00EC 1EC8 1EC9 012A 012B 012E 012F 0128 0129 dot below dot below dotless grave grave hook hook macron macron ogonek ogonek tilde tilde above above Harvard University Library, Office for Information Systems Page 4 of 11 Guide to Aleph Floating Keyboard and Direct Entry of Unicode values into Aleph November 15, 2010 ǰĴĵḰḱǨǩĶķḲḳḴḵĹĺ 01F0 0134 0135 1E30 1E31 01E8 01E9 0136 0137 1E32 1E33 1E34 1E35 0139 013A caron circumflex circumflex acute acute caron caron cedilla cedilla dot below dot below line below line below acute acute ĽľĻļḶḷḺḻŁłḾḿṀṁṂ 013D 013E 013B 013C 1E36 1E37 1E3A 1E3B 0141 0142 1E3E 1E3F 1E40 1E41 1E42 caron caron cedilla cedilla dot below dot below line below line below stroke stroke acute acute dot above dot above dot below ṃŃńŇňŅņṄṅṆṇṈṉÑñ 1E43 0143 0144 0147 0148 0145 0146 1E44 1E45 1E46 1E47 1E48 1E49 00D1 00F1 dot below acute acute caron caron cedilla cedilla dot above dot above dot below dot below line below line below tilde tilde For n with grave, use combing diacritic: N + 0300 n + 0300 Harvard University Library, Office for Information Systems Page 5 of 11 Guide to Aleph Floating Keyboard and Direct Entry of Unicode values into Aleph November 15, 2010 ÓóŎŏǑǒÔôỐốỘộỒồỔổỖ 00D3 00F3 014E 014F 01D1 01D2 00D4 00F4 1ED0 1ED1 1ED8 1ED9 1ED2 1ED3 1ED4 1ED5 1ED6 acute acute breve breve caron caron circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex circumflex and acute and acute and dot and dot and grave and grave and hook and hook and tilde below below above above ỗ Ö ö Ȯ ȯ ỌọŐőÒòỎỏƠơỚớ 1ED7 00D6 00F6 022E 022F 1ECC 1ECD 0150 0151 00D2 00F2 1ECE 1ECF 01A0 01A1 1EDA 1EDB circumflex diaeresis diaeresis dot above dot above dot below dot below double double grave grave hook hook horn horn horn and horn and and tilde acute acute above above acute acute ỢợỜờỞởỠỡŌōǪǫØøÕõŒ 1EE2 1EE3 1EDC 1EDD 1EDE 1EDF 1EE0 1EE1 014C 014D 01EA 01EB 00D8 00F8 00D5 00F5 0152 horn and horn and horn and horn and horn and horn and horn and horn and macron macron ogonek ogonek stroke stroke tilde tilde OE dot below dot below grave grave hook hook tilde tilde ligature above above œ 0153 OE ligature Harvard University Library, Office for Information Systems Page 6 of 11 Guide to Aleph Floating Keyboard and Direct Entry of Unicode values into Aleph November 15, 2010 ṔṕṖṗŔŕŘřŖŗṘṙṚṛ 1E54 1E55 1E56 1E57 0154 0155 0158 0159 0156 0157 1E58 1E59 1E5A 1E5B acute acute dot above dot above acute acute caron caron cedilla cedilla dot above dot above dot below dot below Ṟ ṟ Ś ś Š š Ş ş Ŝ ŝ Ș ș Ṡ ṡ 1E5E 1E5F 015A 015B 0160 0161 015E 015F 015C 015D 0218 0219 1E60 1E61 line below line below acute acute caron caron cedilla* cedilla* circumflex circumflex comma* comma* dot above dot above (see note (see note (see note (see note below) below) below) below) Ṣ ṣ Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț ẗ Ṫ ṫ Ṭ ṭ Ṯ 1E62 1E63 0164 0165 0162 0163 021A 021B 1E97 1E6A 1E6B 1E6C 1E6D 1E6E dot below dot below caron caron cedilla* cedilla* comma* comma* diaeresis dot above dot above dot below dot below line below (see note (see note (see note (see note below) below) below) below) ṯ Þ þ 1E6F 00DE 00FE line below thorn thorn small capital * Use cedilla for most languages; use comma for Romanian. Harvard University Library, Office for Information Systems Page 7 of 11 Guide to Aleph Floating Keyboard and Direct Entry of Unicode values into Aleph November 15, 2010 ÚúŬŭǓǔÛûÜüṲṳỤụŰ 00DA 00FA 016C 016D 01D3 01D4 00DB 00FB 00DC 00FC 1E72 1E73 1EE4 1EE5 0170 acute acute breve breve caron caron circumflex circumflex diaeresis diaeresis diaeresis diaeresis dot below dot below double below below acute űÙùỦủƯưỨứỰựỪừỬử 0171 00D9 00F9 1EE6 1EE7 01AF 01B0 1EE8 1EE9 1EF0 1EF1 1EEA 1EEB 1EEC 1EED double grave grave hook hook horn horn horn and horn and horn and horn and horn and horn and horn and horn and acute above above acute acute dot below dot below grave grave hook hook above above ỮữŪūŲųŮůŨũṾṿṼṽ 1EEE 1EEF 016A 016B 0172 0173 016E 016F 0168 0169 1E7E 1E7F 1E7C 1E7D horn and horn and macron macron ogonek ogonek ring above ring above tilde tilde dot below dot below tilde tilde tilde tilde Harvard University Library, Office for Information Systems Page 8 of 11 Guide to Aleph Floating Keyboard and Direct Entry of Unicode values
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  • Orthographies in Grammar Books

    Orthographies in Grammar Books

    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 30 July 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0565.v1 Tomislav Stojanov, [email protected], [email protected] Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistic Republike Austrije 16, 10.000 Zagreb, Croatia Orthographies in Grammar Books – Antiquity and Humanism Summary This paper researches the as yet unstudied topic of orthographic content in antique, medieval, and Renaissance grammar books in European languages, as part of a wider research of the origin of orthographic standards in European languages. As a central place for teachings about language, grammar books contained orthographic instructions from the very beginning, and such practice continued also in later periods. Understanding the function, content, and orthographic forms in the past provides for a better description of the nature of the orthographic standard in the present. The evolution of grammatographic practice clearly shows the continuity of development of orthographic content from a constituent of grammar studies through the littera unit gradually to an independent unit, then into annexed orthographic sections, and later into separate orthographic manuals. 5 antique, 22 Latin, and 17 vernacular grammars were analyzed, describing 19 European languages. The research methodology is based on distinguishing orthographic content in the narrower sense (grapheme to meaning) from the broader sense (grapheme to phoneme). In this way, the function of orthographic description was established separately from the study of spelling. As for the traditional description of orthographic content in the broader sense in old grammar books, it is shown that orthographic content can also be studied within the grammatographic framework of a specific period, similar to the description of morphology or syntax.
  • 1St Rule: FANBOYS and Compound Sentences FANBOYS Is a Mnemonic Device, Which Stands for the Coordinating Conjunctions: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So

    1St Rule: FANBOYS and Compound Sentences FANBOYS Is a Mnemonic Device, Which Stands for the Coordinating Conjunctions: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So

    1st Rule: FANBOYS and Compound Sentences FANBOYS is a mnemonic device, which stands for the coordinating conjunctions: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So. These words, when used to connect two independent clauses (two complete thoughts), must be preceded by a comma. A sentence is a complete thought, consisting of a Subject and a Verb. Conjunctions should not be confused with conjunctive adverbs, such as However, Therefore, and Moreover or with conjunctions, such as Because. 2nd Rule: Introductory Bits When using an introductory word, phrase, or clause to begin a sentence, it is important to place a comma between the introduction and the main sentence. The introduction is not a complete thought on its own; it simply introduces the main clause. This lets the reader know that the “meat” of the sentence is what follows the comma. You should be able to remove the part which comes before the comma and still have a complete thought. Examples: Generally, John is opposed to overt acts of affection. However, Lucy inspires him to be kind. If the hamster is launched fifty feet, there is too much pressure in the cannon. Although the previous sentence has little to do with John and Lucy, it is a good example of how to use commas with introductory clauses. 3rd Rule: Separating Items in a Series Commas belong between each item in a list. However, in a series of three items, the comma between the second and third item and the conjunction (generally and or or) is optional, whereas in a list of four items, the comma is necessary.