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WMO Bulletin, Volume VI, No. 2: April 1957

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WMO Bulletin, Volume VI, No. 2: April 1957 ORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION VOL. VI NO. 2 At all modern BAROGRAPHS Recording aneroids with continous meteorological stations cho rts ; adopted for over 40 years by the French Meteorological Service. Standard equipment in the French THE PRECISION Navy. INSTRUMENTS OF THERMOGRAPHS Which can 'be combined with our barometers and hygrometers. These JULES RICHARD instruments ore outstandingly sen· sitive. provide a permanent answer HYGROGRAPHS Direct recording of air humidity on ruled charts. All types of indicators a nd recorders, including upper·air a nd dew.point instruments. SOLARIMETERS Direct reading and recording ins· truments for measuring the intensity of solar radiation. Pyrheliographs. ANEMOGRAPHS All types of anemometers. including " Papill on" electro-magnetic instru­ ments for recording instantaneous wind speed at a distance. RAINGAUGES All types of float, balance and syphon raingauges, both recording and non-recording. upon request OFFICERS OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION President : Mr. A. VIAUT First Vice-President : Dr. M. A. F. BARNETT Second Vice-President : Prof. Dr. H. AMORIM FERREIRA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mr. A. VIAUT Dr. R. V. GARcfA Dr. F. W. REICHELDERFER Dr. M. A. F. BARNETT Mr. A. THOMSON Mr. A. A. SoLoToUKHINE Prof. Dr. H. AMORIM FERREIRA Dr. C. DEL RoSARIO Sir GRAHAM SuTTON Mr. J. RAVET Dr. A: NYBERG Mr. M. F. TAHA Mr. S. BASU Mr. L. DE AzcARRAGA Prof. Dr. J. LUGEON TECHNICAL COMMISSION PRESIDENTS REGIONAL ASSOCIATION PRESIDENTS Aerology : Prof. Dr. J. V AN MIEGHEM Africa (I): Mr. J. RAVET Aeronautical Meteorology: Mr. A. H. NAGLE Asia (II) : Mr. S. BAsU Agricultural.Meteorology : Mr. J. J. BuRGOS South America (III) : Dr. R. V. GARcfA Bibliography and Publications : Dr. M. M:EzrN North and Central America (IV): Climatology: Mr. R. G. VERYARD Mr. A. THOMSON Instruments and Methods of Observation : South-West Pacific (V) : Mr. A. PERLAT Dr. C. DEL RosARIO Maritime Meteorology : Mr. H. THOMSEN Europe (VI) : Dr. A. NYBERG Synoptic Meteorology : Prof. Dr. W. BLEEKER SECRETARIAT Secretary-General :Mr. D. A. DAvms Chief, Technical Division : Dr. K. LANGLO Deputy Secretary-General: Mr. J. R. RrvET Chief, Administrative Division: Dr. H. SEBASTIAN THE PURPOSES OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION "(a) To facilitate world-wide co-operation (c) To promote standardization of meteo­ in the establishment of networks of rological observations and to ensure stations for the making of meteorolog­ the uniform publication of observ­ ical observations or other geophysical ations and statistics ; observations related to meteorology (d) To further the application of meteor­ and to promote the establishment and ology to aviation, shipping, agricul­ maintenance of meteorological centres ture, and other human activities ; and charged with the provision of meteor­ (e) To encourage research and training in ological services ; meteorology and to assist in co­ (b) To promote the establishment and ordinating the international aspects maintenance of systems for the rapid of such research and training." exchange of weather information ; From the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization, Article 2. THE CONSTITUENT BODIES OF THE ORGANIZATION (a) The 'World Meteorological Congress one of the six meteorological Regions which meets at least once every four of the world. They meet as often as years; necessary to ensure compliance with (b) The Executive Committee, which the policies of the Organization. meets at least once annually ; (d) Technical Commissions composed of (c) Regional Associations made up of experts in the various meteorological Members of the Organization the fields which meet at least once every networks of which lie in or extend into four years. THE SECRETARIAT The Secretariat of the Organization is located at Campagne Rigot, Avenue de la Paix, Geneva, Switzerland. WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION APRIL 1957 VOL. VI NO. 2 THE PICTURE ON THE COVER TABLE OF CONTENTS Page One of the major problems facing mankind is how to feed the ever-increasing population Meteorological aspects of atomic energy 50 of the world. Although it is not possible to Association I . • 53 make a precise estimate of the population Second session of Regional years hence, it is quite clear that if the so International Geophysical Year 1957-58 . 56 present natural increase continues, there o-£ will by that time be many more millions Second session of the Commission for mouths to feed. Scientists are therefore Climatology . 59. endeavouring to find ways and means of increasing the productivity of existing Arid zone climatology . .62 agricultural land and of bringing into culti­ vation land which is at present unsuitable Technical Assistance Programme . 65 for food production. Climatic atlases . .69 . Among the international projects which have this object in view, mention must be United States automatic weather stations . 70 made of the Arid Zone Programme of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Publications of the WMO . .73 Cultural Organization (UNESCO), which has been referred to frequently in previous Members of the WMO . 76. issues of the Bulletin. The arid lands repre­ a very high proportion of the earth's Collaboration with other international organiz- sent 77 surface and even a marginal increase in their ations . agricultural productivity would be of great Activities of Regional Associations . 78 importance. As the lack of water is one be solved, it follows of the basic problems to Activities of the Technical Commissions . 8~ that meteorologists have a great responsi­ bility in this research programme. WMO has International Geographical Congress . 82 been collaborating with UNESCO in its programme for several years and has sent Membership of WMO . 83. representatives to all the major scientific gatherings which UNESCO has organized. News and Notes . .84 . A report on the most recent o-£ these meetings will be found on p. 62. News from the WMO Secretariat . 85 The picture on the cover, reproduced by Reviews . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 88 permission of La Guilde du LiJJre, Lausanne, shows a semi-arid district in Venezuela. Calendar of coming events . .90 The purpose of the WMO Bulletin is to provide a summary of the work of the World Meteorological Organization and of developments in international meteorology of interest to Members of the Organization and others concerned with the application of meteorology to human activity. The WMO Bulletin is published quarterly in two separate editions: English and French. The price is r Swiss franc per copy, including postage. Annual subscriptions (4 Swiss francs) and all other correspondence about the Bulletin should be addressed to the Secretary-General, World Meteorological Organization, Campagne Rigot, Avenue de la Paix, Geneva. Signed contributions do not necessarily represent the views of the Organization. 49 WMO Bull etin Apri l 1957 METEOROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ATOMIC ENERGY NE of the most significant of all I nter nahonal developments human activities in recent yea O rs A small number of countries have for has been the development of technique s several years given attention to the for the utilization of atomic energy for meteorological aspects of atomic energy peaceful purposes and it is well recog­ as part of their respective national nized on all sides that mankind is on activities in this field but a WMO the threshold of a new era in which policy on this question was first estab­ scientific and technological advances in lished b y the ViTMO Executive Com­ this fi eld can, if rightly used, bring vast mittee at its eighth session in April benefits to the whole world. The use r g56. The Secretary-General submitted of at omic reactor plants for the con­ t o the committee at that session a trolled generation of power is one of document which reviewed the develop­ the most important and well-known of ments which had t aken place in the such benefits. The use of radioactive international field. Such developments tracers for medical and ag ricultural included the establishment by the purposes are also of great significance United Iations of an advisory com­ and almost equally well known. Many mittee on atomic energy, from the other less obvious exampl es could be recommendations of which had stem­ given but it is quite impossible at the med the conference on the peaceful present stage to envisage the full scope uses of atomic energy held by the of future developments and applica­ United Nations in Geneva in 1955. tions in this fi eld. This conference, attended by a total of 1400 delegates including most of the To the meteorologis t, the question leading atomic physicists in the world, naturally arises as to where does the was a great success and must b e science of meteorology stand in relation regarded as one of the landmarks in to these new activities. He asks international co-operation in this field. himself what benefits can this new Meteorology did not figure greatly in knowledge pass on to the science of this conference. meteorology itself and in what way can meteorology assist in the a pplication The United Nations had also estab­ of such knowledge in other fields. lished a scientific committee on the From the \iVMO point of view, the effects of atomic radiation, with the additional questions arise as to how function of advising on possible dangers can international collaboration in the resulting from the uses of atomic meteorological aspects of atomic energy energy. There were indications that be fostered and in what directions meteorological
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