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Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture Volume 3 Issue 3 2012 Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture (Volume 3, Issue 3) Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons Recommended Citation . "Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture (Volume 3, Issue 3)." Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture 3, 3 (2012). https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol3/iss3/20 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Art History at Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture by an authorized editor of Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. et al. Welcome Welcome to this issue of Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art & Architecture Current Issue featuring articles on a wide range of subjects and approaches. We are delighted to present articles that all call for a re­examination of long­held beliefs about such ideas as the origin Photo‐bank and development of horseshoe arches (Gregory B. Kaplan), how and whether one can identify a Cistercian style of architecture in a particular area (Cynthia Marie Canejo), About the whether late medieval wills are truly reflective of the wishes of the decedent and how that Society affected pilgrimage and art in late medieval England (Matthew Champion), and whether an identification of a noble horseman in an early­sixteenth century painting can survive Submission scrutiny (Jan van Herwaarden). We are also pleased to announce a forthcoming Guidelines enlargement of the Photobank database, featuring pictures of sculpture and architecture of the pilgrimage road to Santiago by Professor Francisco Javier Ocaña Eiroa. Call for Papers This issue also includes a lengthy Discoveries Publishing sections including information on new finds from Opportunities the Migration Period through the Renaissance. Reports of re­discovered treasures, hidden Conferences drawings, and heretofore unknown underground passages are disseminated. More links have been Organizations added to the Links page, and, as usual, list calls Exhibitions for papers, conferences, research announcements and more. Research Announcements Please note that our Photobank has undergone considerable renovation and should be much easier to use. Please click on the underlined phrase on its opening page that states Notices “Look for our new site design and features coming soon!” To see a demo, click here. The Photobank continues to grow with copyright­free images all downloadable for use in Related Links research and teaching. For future issues we are actively seeking articles on any aspect of medieval art and architecture, including: long and short scholarly articles, scholarly book reviews, review articles on issues facing the field of medieval art history, interesting notes and announcements, useful website recommendations, new archeological discoveries, and recent museum acquisitions as well as calls for papers and conference listings. We are interested in publishing articles that will undergo double­blind review as well as those which are subject only to regular editing process, including articles that are the result of preliminary research. We are also looking for images to add to our photobank, to be shared and used by anyone in the classroom and in their research. To round out the scholarly portion of the journal, we are also seeking short, amusing excerpts from medieval sources, comments on the Middle Ages in movies and popular culture, etc. Again, welcome to Peregrinations. Any suggestions or comments you have concerning Published by Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange, 2012 Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture, Vol. 3, Iss. 3 [2012] the journal would be most welcome. Please feel free to e­mail us at: Sarah Blick (editor). Our grateful appreciation and thanks for partial funding provided by Kenyon College. Technical Advisor: John Pepple Current Issue: Vol. 3, Issue 3 (2012) Vol. 3, Issue 2 (2011) Vol. 3, Issue 1 (2010) PLEASE NOTE THAT THE ISSUES BELOW DO NOT REQUIRE YOU TO CLICK ON THE FIRST PAGE. JUST SCROLL DOWN Vol. 2, Issue 3, 4 (2009) Vol. 2, Issue 2 (2007) Vol. 2, Issue 1 (2005) Vol. 1, Issue 4 (2004) Vol. 1, Issue 3 (2003) Vol. 1, Issue 2 (July 2002) Vol. 1, Issue 1 (February 2002) FABRICATI DIEM, PVNC ­­ The motto of the Ankh­Morpork City Watch (Terry Pratchett, Guards! Guards!) Publication Information Peregrinations, ISSN 1554‐8678 (online), is published periodically by the International Society for the Study of Pilgrimage Art. Topics of research include: art and architectural history, medieval history and religion. Currently indexed in Directory of Open Access Journals, Project Muse, etc. There are no subscription costs and no postage involved. For editorial and advertiser information, see http://peregrinations.kenyon.edu/vol3_1/about.html. https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol3/iss3/20 et al. The Mozarabic Horseshoe Arches in the Church of San Román de Moroso (Cantabria, Spain) By Gregory B. Kaplan, University of Tennessee Introduction The emergence of medieval archaeology as an academic discipline has been tied to an increased appreciation for the wide range of perspectives from which to consider the cultural significance of objects from the Middle Ages, with medieval churches providing perhaps the most important resource. These concepts lie at the foundation of my recent book, El culto a San Millán en Valderredible, Cantabria: las iglesias rupestres y la formación del Camino de Santiago (The Cult of St. Millán in Valderredible, Cantabria: The Cave Churches and the Formation of the Way of St. James),1 in which I establish how an important pilgrimage route was forged through Valderredible—a valley through which the Ebro River runs in the southern part of the Spanish province of Cantabria—by the followers of St. Millán (474-574), a hermit who spent the last thirty years of his life in one of a number of caves located in the region. The early history of the cult of St. Millán is revealed in medieval texts and modern architectural theories, each of which provides a component of a vision of its evolution during the 6th and 7th centuries, when ascetics who imitated the hermit’s lifestyle transformed several caverns into cave (or rock- cut) churches by sculpting their interiors according to conventions common to Visigothic churches. After the Islamic conquest of the Visigothic kingdom in the early 8th century, Christians, or Mozarabs, influenced by the culture of their new rulers, fused these conventions with new techniques brought to Spain by the Muslims to form a Mozarabic architectural style. One technique involved the use of horseshoe arches, which had been employed in Iberian architecture since Roman times, but which underwent an evolution that is evident in churches built during the early centuries of Islamic rule. This study focuses on the nature of this phenomenon and its manifestation in the two horseshoe arches in the church of San Román de Moroso (figure 1), one of only a few surviving Mozarabic monuments in Cantabria. The Church of San Román de Moroso The Church of San Román de Moroso (declared in 1931 a national historic monument or “Bien de interés cultural”), is located three kilometers to the north of Bostronizo, a village situated some fifty four kilometers to the southwest of the city of Santander. Although the distance between San Román de Moroso and Bostronizo (and other nearby villages in the 1 Gregory Kaplan, El culto a San Millán en Valderredible, Cantabria: las iglesias rupestres y la formación del Camino de Santiago (Santander: Gobierno de Cantabria, 2009). Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art & Architecture Vol. III/No. 3 1 Published by Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange, 2012 Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture, Vol. 3, Iss. 3 [2012] FIGURE 1 The Church of San Román de Moroso. Photo: G. Kaplan. municipality of Arenas de Iguña) is not great, reaching the church can be difficult. Located in a region of elevated topography, it is situated between mountains, high above the valleys below through which the freeway and train tracks run, and beneath trees that render it almost invisible from above during the summer.2 The visitor to San Román de Moroso may wonder why a building of obvious spiritual importance is the only structure in the vicinity. The answer may be that the modern isolated appearance of San Román de Moroso conceals a much different history. Part of this history may have been detected during a major restoration of San Román de Moroso in the early 1980s, when a cemetery was discovered in the grassy field that surrounds the church.3 While some of the 2 The narrow road that winds its way toward the church from Bostronizo can be traversed by car, although during the winter months, which are typically cold and wet, this route must be navigated with caution. A pleasant way of arriving at San Román de Moroso is by foot, especially during the summer months when its tranquil setting in the shade near a small stream provides a welcome respite from the afternoon sun. 3 For more on this restoration, which took place over a period of four years (1980-84), see the comments made by Enrique Campuzano Ruiz, et al, Catálogo monumental de Cantabria II: Valles del Saja y del Besaya (Santander: Diputación Regional de Cantabria, 1991), pp. 341-42, and by Miguel Ángel García Guinea, et al, Historia de Cantabria: Prehistoria, edades Antigua y media (Santander: Estudio, 1985), p. 324. Campuzano Ruiz points out that the cemetery was discovered in 1981(342). Although the objects found in the cemetery have not yet been studied, 2 https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol3/iss3/20 et al.
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