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Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS, ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS CASE CONCERNING THE CONTINENTAL SHELF (TUNISIA/LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA) JUDGMENT OF 24 FEBRUARY 1982 COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE RECUEIL DES ARRÊTS, AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES AFFAIRE DU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL (TUNISIE/ JAMAHIRIYA ARABE LIBYENNE) Officia1 citation: Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1982, p. 18. Mode officiel de citation : Plateau continental (Tunisie/Jamahiriya arabe libyenne), arrêt, C.I. J. Recueil 1982, p. 18. Sales number Node vente : 473 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE YEAR 1982 General ~iit No. 63 24 February 1982 CASE CONCERNING THE CONTINENTAL SHELF (TUNISIA/LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA) Interpretation of SpecialAgreement - Sources oflaw to be applied by the Court - Binding force of Judgment. Delimitation of continental sheif between adjacent States - Applicableprinciples and rules of international law - Concept of naturalprolongation of the land territory as defining thephysical object or location of rights of the coastal State - Role of the concept in delimitation - Effect of geological and geomorphological factors. Recent trends in the law admitted at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea - Articles 76 and 83 of draft convention. Claim to historic titlesjustifying (inter alia) drawing of straight baselines - land frontier and maritime limits. Application of equitable principles with a view to achieving equitable solution - Account to be taken ofrelevant circurnstances - Determination of area relevant for the delimitation - Criterion of proportionality as an aspect of equity. JUDGMENT Present : Acting President ELIAS; Judges FORSTER,GROS, LACHS, MOROZOV, NAGENDRASINGH, MOSLER, ODA, AGO, SETTE-CAMARA,EL-KHANI, SCHWEBEL; Judges ad hoc EVENSEN,JIMÉNEZ DE ARÉCHAGA; Regis- trar TORRESBERNARDEZ. In the case concerning the continental shelf, between the Republic of Tunisia, represented by H.E. Mr. Slim Benghazi, Ambassador of Tunisia to the Netherlands, as Agent, COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE 1982 24 février Rôle général 24 février 1982 no 63 AFFAIRE DU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL (TUNISIE/JAMAHIRIYA ARABE LIBYENNE) Interprétation du compromis - Sources de droit à appliquerpar la Cour - Force obligatoire de /'arrêt. Délimitation du plateau continental entre Etats limitrophes - Principes et règles de droit international applicables - La notion de prolongement naturel du territoire terrestre définissant l'objet matériel ou rassise des droits de /'Etat côtier - Rôle de cette notion en matière de délimitation - Effet des facteurs géologiques et géomor- phologiques. Tendances récentes du droit acceptées à la troisième conférence des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer - Articles 76 et 83 du projet de convention. La revendication de titres historiques notamment comme justification du tracé de lignes de base droites - Frontière terrestre et limites maritimes. Application des principes équitables en vue d'aboutir à une solution équitable - Prise en compte des circonstances pertinentes - Détermination de la région à considérer aux fins de la délimitation - Le critère de proportionnalité en tant qu'aspect de /'équité. Présents : M. ELIAS, Président en exercice ; MM. FORSTER,GROS, LACHS, Mo~ozov,NAGENDRA SINGH, MOSLER, ODA, AGO, SETTE-CAMARA, EL-KHANI,SCHWEBEL, juges ; MM. EVENSEN,JIMÉNEZ DE ARÉ- CHAGA,juges ad hoc ; M. TORRESBERNARDEZ, Greffier. En l'affaire du plateau continental, entre la République tunisienne, représentée par S. Exc. M. Slim Benghazi, ambassadeur de Tunisie aux Pays-Bas, comme agent, Professor Sadok Belaïd, sometime Dean of the Faculty of Law, Politics and Economics, Tunis, as Co-agent and Counsel, Mr. Néjib Bouziri, Diplomatic Counsellor and former Minister, Mr. Amor Rourou, Geologico-geophysical Engineer, former Minister of Industry, Mining and Energy, as Advisers to the Government, Mr. Robert Jennings, Q.C., Whewell Professor of International Law at the University of Cambridge, President of the Institute of International Law, Mr. René-Jean Dupuy, Professor at the Collège de France, Member of the Institute of International Law, Secretary-General of the Hague Academy of International Law, Mr. Michel Virally, Professor at the University of Law, Economics and Social Sciences, Paris, and at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Member of the Institute of International Law, Mr. Georges Abi-Saab, Professor of International Law at the Graduate Insti- tute of International Studies, Geneva, Associate of the Institute of Inter- national Law, Mr. Yadh Ben Achour, Professor at the Faculty of Law, Politics and Eco- nomics, Tunis, Mr. Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Professor at the University of Law, Economics and Social Sciences, Paris, as Counsel and Advocates, Mr. Habib Slim, Lecturer in the Faculty of Law, Politics and Economics, Tunis, Mr. Mohamed Mouldi Marsit, Director of Conventions in the Office of the Prime Minister, Mr. Jeremy P. Carver, Solicitor (Coward Chance), as Legal Advisers, Mr. Robert Laffitte, Professor emeritus at the French National Museum of Natural History, sometime Professor of Geology and former Dean of the Science Faculty, Algiers, Mr. Car10 Morelli, Professor of Applied Geophysics and Director of the Institute of Mines and Applied Geophysics at the University of Trieste, Mr. Habib Lazreg, D.Sc., Geologist, Ministry of the National Economy, Mr. Daniel Jean Stanley, D.Sc., Oceanographer, consultant in oceanography and marine geology at Washington, D.C., as Experts, Commander Abdelwahab Layouni, Ministry of Defence (Navy), Mr. Kamel Rekik, Engineer, alumnus of the Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, Ministry of the National Economy, as Technical Advisers, Mrs. Hend Mebazaa, Archivist, Ministry of the National Economy, M. Sadok Belaïd, ancien doyen de la faculté de droit et des sciences politiques et économiques de Tunis, comme coagent et conseil, M. Néjib Bouziri, conseiller diplomatique, ancien ministre, M. Amor Rourou, ingénieur, géologue-géophysicien, ancien ministre de l'in- dustrie, des mines et de l'énergie, comme conseillers du gouvernement, M. Robert Jennings, Q.C., professeur Whewell de droit international à l'Uni- versité de Cambridge, président de l'Institut de droit international, M. René-Jean Dupuy, professeur au Collège de France, membre de l'Institut de droit international, secrétaire général de l'Académie de droit internatio- nal de La Haye, M. Michel Virally, professeur à l'université de droit, d'économie et de sciences sociales de Paris et à l'Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales de Genève, membre de l'Institut de droit international, M. Georges Abi-Saab, professeur de droit international à l'Institut universi- taire de hautes études internationales de Genève, associé de l'Institut de droit international, M. Yadh Ben Achour, professeur à la faculté de droit et des sciences politiques et économiques de Tunis, M. Pierre-Marie Dupuy, professeur à l'université de droit, d'économie et de sciences sociales de Paris, comme conseils et avocats, M. Habib Slim, chargé de cours à la faculté de droit et des sciences politiques et économiques de Tunis, M. Mohamed Mouldi Marsit, directeur des conventions au premier minis- tère, M. Jeremy P. Carver, solicitor (Coward Chance), comme conseillers juridiques, M. Robert Laffitte, professeur honoraire au Muséum national français d'his- toire naturelle, ancien professeur de géologie et ancien doyen de la faculté des sciences d'Alger, M. Car10 Morelli, professeur de géophysique appliquée et directeur de 1'Ins- titut des mines et de géophysique appliquée de l'université de Trieste, M. Habib Lazreg, docteur ès sciences, géologue, ministère de l'économie nationale, M. Daniel Jean Stanley, docteur ès sciences, océanographe, consultant en océanographie et en géologie marine a Washington, D.C., comme experts, le commandant Abdelwahab Layouni, ministère de la défense (marine natio- nale), M. Kamel Rekik, ingénieur, ancien élève de 1'Ecole polytechnique de Paris, ministère de l'économie nationale, comme conseillers techniques, Mme Hend Mebazaa, documentaliste, ministère de l'économie nationale, Mr. Samir Chaffai, Secretary at the Embassy of Tunisia to the Nether- lands, Mr. Lazhar Bouony, Assistant Lecturer in the Faculty of Law, Politics and Economics, Tunis, Mr. Fadhel Moussa, Assistant in the Faculty of Law, Politics and Economics, Tunis, Mr. Ridha Ben Hammed, Assistant in the Faculty of Law, Politics and Eco- nomics, Tunis, Mr. Raouf Karrai, Assistant Lecturer in Geography at the University of Tunis, Mr. Farouk Saimanouli, Lawyer, Ministry of the National Economy, Mr. Zoubeir Mazouni, Lawyer, Ministry of the National Economy, as Assistants, and the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, represented by H.E. Mr. Kamel H. El Maghur, Ambassador, as Agent, Mr. Abdelrazeg El-Murtadi Suleiman, Professor of International Law at the University of Garyounis, Benghazi, as Counsel, Professor Derek W. Bowett, Q.C., President of Queens' College, Cam- bridge, Mr. Herbert W. Briggs, Goldwin Smith Professor of International Law emeritus, Corne11 University, Mr. Claude-Albert Colliard, Honorary Dean, Professor of International Law at the University of Paris 1, Mr. Keith Highet, Member of the New York and District of Columbia Bars, Mr. Antonio Malintoppi, Professor of the Faculty of Law at the University of Rome, Sir Francis A. Vallat, K.C.M.G., Q.C., Professor emeritus of International Law at the University of London, Member of the International Law Com- mission, Member of the Institute of International
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