ENGLISH-K'ICHE' DICTIONARY

A reveral of the K'iche'-English Dictionary by Allen J. Christenson Bringham Young Univeristy available at: http://www.famsi.org/mayawriting/dictionary/christenson/quidic_complete.pdf Introduction Allen J. Christenson prepared the K'iche'-English Dictionary while conducting field work in highland Maya linguistics and ethnography from 1978-1985. He elicited his entries through collaboration with native K'iche' speakers in the communities of Momostenango (as well as its dependent aldeas of Canquixaja, Nimsitu, and Panca) and Totonicapan (and its dependent aldeas of Nimasak and Cerro de Oro). The dictionary is unpublished and is offered to FAMSI as a tool for research. It is available at: http://www.famsi.org/mayawriting/dictionary/christenson/quidic_complete.pdf

In 2006, Richard Renner discovered the dictionary from the link at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27iche%27_language He reversed Christenson's K'iche'-English Dictionary, separating the English definitions into separate entries, and then recombining identical Engish entries that came from different K'iche' entries. It is also offered as a tool for research, and also for those Guatemalans and North Americans who want to better understand each other.

Notes on usage: 1. As with any translation dictionary, it is best to check a word on both sides before using it. That is, if you look up an English word to find a K'iche' word with the same meaning, it is best to check that K'iche' word on Christenson's original K'iche'-Engish Dictionary. This is especially true for Engish homonyms (words with different unrelated meanings; or different words with the same spelling), such as duck, lead and spring. 2. Since this English-K'iche' Dictionary is a reversal, and not independently editted, it is best to review all the entries that start with the same word to find which one best suits a particular need. Also, some meanings are best captured in phrases, such as those that start with "act of", "be", "cut", "do", "get", "go", "half", "have", "in", "keep", "large", "leave", "make", "not", "on", "one", "open", "person", "piece", "place", "put", "small", "something", "sound of", "take", "very", "walk" and "well" 3. Christenson's dictionary contains a pronunciation guide. As the K'iche' language has 32 letters, it uses a number of sounds that are unfamiliar to Engish speakers. In particular, novices should be aware that letters followed by a tz'ut (written as an apostrophe) are different than letters without one. So ch and ch' are different letters of the alphabet. Words with "tz'ut" letters may have no relation to the same word written without the tz'ut. For example, corn, soaked corn kernels (n) tzi and nixtamal (n) tzi are unrelated to: dog (n) tz’i’ The writer is unaware if either is related to: disobedient (child) (adj) tz’i’ In any event, vegetarians may want to be especially careful about their pronunciation before ordering tzi.

4. I have tried to be consistent in using the typeset apostrophe (’), but through searchers may try searching twice, once with a typeset apostrophe, and once with the regular 155 keyboard apostrophe ('). The difference is clearer in the Times New Roman font than in Arial. The apostrophes do not always copy and paste correctly. 5. Entries relating to corn, color, birds, earth, insect, snake, stone, tree and water, are copied into new entries that start with each of these words. So, by going to "corn," a reader can find 59 entries -- an obvious indicator of the importance of corn to K'iche' speaking people. 6. I welcome corrections and comments.

The current version of this English-K'iche' Dictionary is available at: http://www.taterenner.com/engkiche.pdf

Richard can be reached at: Richard Renner Kalijarvi, Chuzi, Newman & Fitch 818 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 1000 Washington, DC 20006 www.taterenner.com

156 1, one (n) jun a, one (adj) jun 2 (num) kieb a lot (adj) sibalaj 3 (num) oxib a lot, many (n) jumulaj 4 (num) kajïb a while ago (adv) mier 5 (num) job abandon (v) k’iäqtäj kan (oq), wonobaj, tzaq 6 (n) waqib kan, ya’ kanoq, xutuj 7 (n) wuqüb abandon (wife, children, work) (v) wonoba’ 8 (num) wajxaqib abandoned (adj) wonobam 9 (n) belejeb abdomen, lower (n) -xe’ -pam 10 (n) lajuj ability (n) kowinem 11 (n) julajuj able (adj) mak’alik 12 (n) kablajuj abort, have abortion (v) man -riq tä -q’ij ri -al 13 (n) oxlajuj abortion (n) tzaqinem 14 (n) kajlajuj above (adv) ajsik, chikaj 15 (n) o’lajuj above (prep) ch-wi’ 16 (n) waqlajuj abscess (n) ch’a’k, sipoj 17 (n) wuqlajuj absorb liquid (v) tz’ububej 18 (n) wajxaqlajuj abstain (v) q’ilonik 19 (n) belejlajuj abstain from something (v) q’il -ib 20 (n) juwinaq abundance (n) k’iyal 21 (n) juwinaq jun abundant (adj) nim, tz’abem 30 minutes, half an hour (n) nik’aj or abuse (power) (v) yojtajisaj 40, two children (n) kawinaq accept (v) k’amaraik, k’am, k’amowaj, k’ulaj 50 (n) nik’aj cient accident (n) toj 60 ("three children") (num) oxk’al accompany (v) uk’anik, achi’laj 70 (n) oxk’al lajuj accomplish (v) banowik 80 (lit. "one total") (n) jumuch’ accord (n) no’j jujunel 90 (num) jumuch’lajuj according to what is known or what can be 100 (n) jun toq seen (adv) q’alaj ch-e 120, six childen (n) waqk’al account (n) tzijobelil 140, seven children (n) wuqk’al accuse (v) ataj tzij, tzujuj, tzujunik 160 (n) kamuch’ accuse unjustly (v) käbaj 180 ("nine children") (n) belejeb k’al accuser (n) tzujunel 200 (lit. "ten childen") (n) lajujk’al accustom someone to something (v) naq’atisaj 220, 11 children (n) julajuj k’al accustomed to doing it a certain way (adj) 240 (n) oxmuch’ naq’atalik 300 (num) ox toq accustomed to something (adj) k’amaninaq 320, four totals (n) kajmuch’ ch-e 400, five totals (n) o’much’ accustomed, be accustomed (adj) k’ulam 800 (num) lajujmuch’ ache (head from too much sun) (v) bawik 1000 (num) chuy ache (n) q’oxowem 2000 (num) cab chuy ache (v) q’oxowik, rubuwik 3000 (num) ox chuy acidic (adj) ch’äm 60,000 (num) oxk’al chuy acne (n) t’orot’aq, wa 300,000 (num) ox toq chuy acontecimientos (n) pop 1,000,000 million (jun chuyil) (num) chuyil acorn (n) paxik’, pixik’ 157 acquaint one’s self (v) na’ additional (adj) tiqom acrid (adj) ch’äm adivino (n) tzajorin across (adv) ch’aqap adjournment, end (meeting) (n) to’tajem act in a mean way (v) k’a’nanik admire (v) may act like (v) ban je jas admire someone (v) mayij act of bathing (n) atinem adobe brick (n) xan act of being killed (n) kämisaxik adobe wall (n) xan act of being stuffed (n) balixik adobe, build with adobe (v) tz’aqanik act of being taught (n) tijoxik adobe, crumble (poorly baked adobe brick) (v) act of being useful (n) patanijik waqlajik act of being visitede (n) q’atuxik adopt (v) echbej act of burning (n) k’atik adorn (tv1) wiq act of climbing (n) paqalem adorn (v) wiqik, q’o’ act of counselling (n) pixabanik adorned (adj) wiqom, wiqtal act of crying (n) oq’ej adornment (n) etz’balil, q’o’oj act of curing (n) kunanik advantage (n) nabe chq’wäch act of doing (n) banowik advise (v) pixabaj act of eating (n) tijbem, tijbem, wa’im advocate) (v) to’ -wi’ act of feeding (n) tzuqik affirm, ensure (v) jikibanik act of giving thanks (n) maltioxinik affixed (adj) nak’alik act of going (n) benam afflict (v) rapuj, rapaj act of kneeling (n) xukulem afflicted severely (adj) räx ch’aych’obinaq act of learning (n) eta’manik after (adv) k’äte na act of living (n) k’aslem after that (conj) k’äte ri’ act of lying down (n) q’oyolem afternoon meal (n) wa re paq’ij act of meeting (n) k’ulik again (prep) chi act of passing (n) ik’owem age (v) ri’jobik act of separating wheat from chaff (n) jopinik aged, decrepit with age (adj) ri’jite’ act of shepherding (n) yuq’unem agile (adj) sak’äj act of turning green (from nausea or motion agile (v) sak’lajik sickness) (n) räxq’än agitate (v) tuk act of working (n) chakunem ago, in the past (adv) nabe kanoq act of worship (n) xukulem agorero bird (n) pich’ act of writing (n) tz’ibanik agree (v) koj pa junam action of asking (n) ta’nik aguardiente (n) ama’ ja’ action of shepherding (n) yuq’ aguardiente (n) tzam active (adj) k’äqät, sak’äj ahead (person going faster than group, fast active, not lazy (adj) sak’äj clock) (adj) nabejinaq activity, little (adj) tz’inilik ahead of (prep) ch-wäch Adam’s apple (n) xul air [Momostenango] (n) käq’iq’ add in number (v) k’iar air conditioner (n) turbal add lime (to tortilla dough) (v) chunaj air, wind [Totonicapán] (n) kiäqiq’ add to (as in salt to food) (v) tz’aqatisaj -uk’ albino (n) -alk’ual q’ij add to (v) ya’ -wi’, ya’ -uk’ alcalde auxiliar (small town) (n) ajch’ami’y added piece (metal, rope) (n) tiqbal alcoholism (n) q’abarik adding machine (n) ajilabal alder tree (n) lemob 158 algae (n) -wo saq ancient Maya temple (Tikal) (n) q’a’m ja alguacil (n) ajch’ami’y ancient pyramid (n) il ja alive (adj) k’aslik ancient type of axe (n) wit all (adj) komon anciently (adv) nabe kanoq all (n) -onojel anciently (adv) najtir all mountains (n) nima juyub ch’uti juyub and (achijab chi ixoqib--men and women) all of them (adv) juntir (conj) chi all of us (pro) uj qonojel and (conj) k’ut all together (adv) juntir and, but (conj) k’u allergy of the skin (n) pek’at anemia (n) nojim q’anil allergy, itch, mange (n) k’iaqat anger (n) oyowal alleyway (n) -xol ja anger (tv1) tzur alligator (n) ayin anger easily, quick to anger (n) tak allow (tv1) kuy, ya’ -q’ij, ya’ angle (n) tzuk almost (adv) säqi’n, xa jubiq’ -aj, xa jubiq’ angry (adj) k’a’n man ... angry dispute (n) ch’o’j alone (adj) sirilik, tukiel angry, very (adj) ch’o’j, tuxtik alone, by self (adv) chbil -ib animal fat (n) xepoyil alphabetize, put in order (v) chol, lem animal which tends to gore or butt (n) toq’onel already eaten (adj) wa’inaq chik animal who has lost its tail (n) kut also (Momostenango) (adv) xuqijelo animal, bloated (dead animal) (adj) xib also (Totonicapan) (adv) xuquje’ animal, domesticated animal (n) awaj re u-wo altar (n) porobal, teoxibal ja altar, Indian altar (n) tabal animal, little (n) chikop altar, native (n) tanabal ankle (n) -mop -aqan, -qul -aqan although (conj) pune annatto (Sp. achiote, a vegetable--Bixa altitude (n) aqän orellana) (n) k’oxob always (adv) amaq’el announce something (v) esaj -tzijol always has eyes closed (adj) yupulik announcement (n) bixik always munch (v) k’uxk’atik annoy (v) chuy, tzuruj amate (fig tree) (n) k’ux, p’o annoyed (adj) eyawarinaq ambrosia (n) boron anoint (v) soq’, tz’utuj ambush (v) laq’abej anoint (with medicine, oil) (tv1) bil amen (exp) are k’u ri’ anointed (adj) tz’utuninaq amen, may it be so (exp) are k’u ri’ anona (fruit) (n) k’awex, k’uwex among (prep) ch-xol, pa -nik’ajil anona (n) noxti’ among selves (adv) chbil -ib another (adj) jule’ chik an (adj) jun another (adv) nik’aj chik anaesthetize, give a pain killer (v) sikirisaj another (prep) chi ancestors, ancient (n) ojer taq qa chuch qa another (pro) jun chik qajaw, ojer taq qa tat qa nan, ojer taq qa answer (n) tzelebal -bixik mam answer (v) tzelej -tzij, tzelej -bixik ancestors, title used in prayers (n) Nantat answer something (v) tzalij -wäch ancient (adj) najtir ant (n) sanik ancient (adj) ojer kanoq ant hill (n) mul ancient history (n) ojer tzij ant, winged ant (n) tumuxux, cheq’en 159 antacid (n) nij argumentative (v) chomanik anterior fontanelle, soft spot on baby’s head arise (tv1) yak (n) ja’j arm, one armed (n) t’um Antigua city (n) Pan Choy armadillo (n) iboy antique güipil (n) q’o’m armpit (n) miskiel añublo (disease of domesticated plants) (n) ul armpit (n) -pa -k’alk’ax anus (n) xut’ armpit (n) -pam -k’alk’ax anything (adv) xapachike armpit (n) tlok aperture (n) tel armpit (n) tolok’ apex, point of a tree, hill (n) tzuntzuy aro de corona (n) sotoy appear (v) k’utwächinik, k’utunik, ka’yik aromatic (adj) k’ok’, q’om appear before (v) k’ut -ib aromatic plant (n) sukinay appear like (ri ali käka’y je käpe ri u nan) (adv) around (adv) sutij -ij je -petik arouse (v) tzurunik appear like (v) je -ka’y, je -wächin arrange (v) kolomaj, suk’umaj appear or be (sibalaj je’l käpe ri ali) (v) petik arrear (v) tuq appear or be the same (identical twins) (v) arrival (n) opanem, petem, petibal, ulik junam -petik arrive (v) ulik, opanik appear to be the same (v) junam -wächinik arrived (adj) petinaq appearance (n) ka’yibal, wäch, wächibal arrogant (adj) bitbik, sal, saramu’y appetite (n) numik arrow (n) ch’ab, chap, k’iäqbal appetite (of any sensation) (n) na’bal arson, to burn to the ground to ashes (house, or applaud (v) paq’apa -q’ab book in fire) (v) chajirik apple (n-esp) mansa’n, mansanix artery (n) iboch’ apply (tv1) bil articulation (n) ch’ek apprehend (v) chapik as though it were (adv) junam tä ruk’ apprehended (adj) chapom as, like, in accordance with (adv) je jas apprentice ("burden"--learning to be a diviner) ascent (n) paqalik (n) eqomal ascertain (v) tatabela’ apprenticeship, "work service"-- first training ash (n) chaj, xaq of apprentice ajq’ij (n) chak patan aside, to the side of (prep) ch-chi’ approach (season) (v) jetowik ask (v) k’ot -chi’, ta’, tz’onojik approach (v) naqajinik, qetetik, qatik, qeb ask directions (v) ta’ -tzijol appropriate (words at a blessing--kiaqal ask for a favor (v) ta’ toq’ob kätzijonik) (adj) k’iaqalik ask for information (v) ta’ -tzijol apron (delantal) (n-esp) lanta’r ask for the hand of a girl in marriage (v) ta’ apron (n) alanta’r ch-e -ixoqil apron (n) -wa ra ask humbly for something (Momostenango) arbol de llorona (n) saq’os (v) mej arbol espinosa tree (n) ixk’anal ask to borrow (v) ta’ pa qajik arbol rumoroso (n) jom che’ asleep (adj) warinaq arch (n) -chi’ be aspirin, Guatemalan brand name (n-esp) arched (adj) ch’okoch’ik Mejoral arch-shaped (adj) q’usulik assassin (n) kämisanel argue (v) yojkarik assaulter (n) q’atel winaq argument (n) k’ulelanik assemble, put together (bed) (adj) tunum 160 assignment (n) eqle’n auxiliar (post in canton government) (n) assorted (adj) xolotal tzanabe’ assuredly (adv) jik available time (rokik na kinbe--there’s time to ast (n) k’awex go) (n) rokik na asthma (n) jas u-qul, jasanik avenge (v) tzelej -wäch astrologer, reader of the stars (n) ajkajbalach avocado (n) oj astrology (n) kajbalach avoid (a fight) (v) q’il astronomical observatory (n) tanabal avoid (v) xutuj, q’at -wäch astronomy (n) no’j ch’umil await anxiously (v) k’ak’lej astronomy, study of the stars (n) no’j ch’umil awake (adj) k’aslik at (prep) pa awaken (v) k’astajik at dawn (adv) aq’abil awaken someone (tv2) k’asuj at first (adv) nabe kanoq awakened (adj) k’usum at home (adv) cho ja awakening (n) k’astajibal at its back (prep) ch-ij award (v) ch’ekenej at night (adv) chaq’äb, xq’eqal away (but nearby) (adv) apan<öq> at rest (adj) uxlaninaq away from speaker (adv) ubik at the corner of (prep) pa -xikin axe (also stone axe) [Momos] (n) ikaj at the edge (prep) ch-chi’ axe [Toto] (n) ikiäj at the foot of (prep) ch-aqan ayote (n) mukun at times (adv) jantaq ayote de la costa or melocotón (warty green atol of green corn (n) aja’n q’or squash--Cucurbita pepo) (n) k’um atole (n) q’or ja’ ayote pequeno (cucumber squash--Cucurbita atole (sweet corn gruel) (n) q’or pepo) (n) wikoy atole de habas or corn (n) pinol ayote squash (n) muqun atole de masa (atole made from corn dough) babble (baby) (v) wululik (n) q’or pa xaro baby (n) nuch’ atole de masa (n) joch’ baby boy (n) nuch’ ala atole de súchiles for festivals (n) q’atum baby chicken (n) ch’iw atole drink (n) uk’ia’ baby clothes (n) -uq ak’al atole of corn, zapote seed, cuchun root (drunk baby girl (n) nuch’ ali by new ajq’ij) (n) xchunaja’ baby, newborn (n) ne’, lo’ch, kieqalaj loch’ atole thick (n) tzatz q’or baby’s rattle (n) tzojtzoj atole, honey flavored corn atole (n) poko’l baby-sitter (n) chajil ak’al atole, sediment of atole (n) -xe’ joch’ back (n) ij atole, strained atole drink (n) joch’ back (n) worachal attain (v) ch’ek back away (v) jik’ -ib attentiveness (n) mach’ach’em back of a thigh (n) -pawa -aqan attitude (n) cholaj back of the hand (n) -ij -q’ab audacious (adj) nimol -ib back packer (n) eqanel augmented (adj) tiqom back, at its back (prep) ch-ij aunt (n) ch’utin nan, ik’an, wi’ ka’n backwards (adj) silikopim ixoq bad (adj) itzel, man utz taj, utz täj authorities (n) q’atbal tzij bad boy (n) itzel ak’al authority (n) eqle’n, taqanik bad breath smell (n) xex pa -chi’ autumn (n) ajtzi, q’änil bad child (n) xk’iaqat 161 bad ear (n) yul xkinaj baptize (v) qasaj xe’ ja’ bad fortune (n) kiäqal saqil baptize by sprinkling (v) qasaj ja’ p-wi’ bad influence (n) susum bar (door or window) (v) tok’opij bad luck, dobsonfly (n) istzal bar a door (v) tak’pij bad person (n) aqil bar on door (n) k’opibal bad tempered (adj) titatik bar on door (n) tok’opibal bad witch (n) ajitz bar to block door or window (n) tak’bal bad, very bad (adj) lawalo bar, cross bar (n) k’opibal badly dressed (adj) soposik barba de Sn. José (n) pum badness (n) etzelal, labal barbarism (n) labal no’jil, lablaj no’j badness, evil, devil (n) itzel barber (n) qupil wi’aj, sokabal, sokal wi’ bag for grain (costal) (n-Esp) koxtar bare teeth (v) qatzatzej -ware’ bag for holding seeds or planting (n) awabal bark (dog) (v) ti’onik, waq’awatik bag made of cords (n) k’at bark (n) -ij che’ bag, canvas carrying bag (capotera) (n) bark (ri jume’t or u jume’tal) (n) jume’t koxobaq bark (v) wanajik, jawajatik bag, shoulder bag (also see morale) (n) chim bark happily (dog) (v) waynajik bag, shoulder bag for carrying seed (n) chim bark of a puppy (v) ch’awch’atik rech awex bark with anger (v) tiyo’nik Baile del Pato (n) Yuqum jolom patax barn owl (n) k’urupup, muqur, xoch’ bake (bread) (v) tujaj basement (n) -xe’ ja balance (n) pajbal basket (n) chakäch, chaqäch, chikäch bald (adj) ch’an -jolom, ch’anach’oj, t’an basket, small basket with handle (to carry eggs, -jolom, t’ol -jolom, tol jolomaj etc.) (n) xu’k bale hook (n) xo’k bat (n) sotz’ ball (for playing games) (n) perik’ok bath (n) atinem, atinibal ball (n) juk’olaj, sirisik, sursik bathe (v) atinaj ball of fuzz (from blanket, wool kloth) (n) bathe one’s self (v) atinik, ch’aj -ib sälot bathe someone (v) atinsaj ball of soap (n) juk’olaj ch’ipaq bather (n) atinel ball of something (n) juk’olaj bathing place (n) atinibal ball of thread (n) sursik batz’ bathwater (n) ch’ajbal ballgame (n) poqwaj batterer, one who hits others (n) ch’ayanel balloon (n) pompo’, pupu, xipun battle (n) ch’o’j bamboo (n) ak, sin be (v) k’oli’k banana (n) inkine’y be a generous person (v) sipanik banana (n-esp) banano, ankane’y be a hypocrite (v) ban kieb -k’ux bananas, bunch of (n) jutzayaj be a person of means (v) k’o jastaq -e bandage (n) botz’obal be abandoned (orphan) (v) ch’ani’ kanoq bandage (tv1) pis, bätz’ be able to (v) na’w ch-e, kowinik, kuinik bandana (n) payu’ be able to withstand (v) ch’ijtajik banner (n) po’t be accustomed (adj) k’ulam banquet (n) ula’nem be active (v) miq’owik banquet, food given to visiting guests at be afflicted or in grief (v) q’oxow -anima’ wedding or other occasion (n) ula’bal be afraid (v) na’ -ib, xij -ib baptism (n) qasna’ be alarmed (v) jiq’aj -ib 162 be alone (due to death or abandonment) (v) be crippled or paralyzed (body part) (v) won wonokatik, wonwotik -ib be alone (v) k’o -tukiel be crumbled (v) muchuchik be amazed at (v) mayij -ib be cured (v) kunaxik be amazed at something (v) nim -el wi ch-e be cursed (v) k’oqotaj be amazed, surprised, wonder (v) may be dark (at end of the day) (v) moymot be an idiot (v) man -ta’ taj be deaf (v) man -ta taj be asked (v) tay be deep (ravine) (v) makakik be asked for (girl on behalf of relative) (v) be deep or steep (ravine, cliff) (v) lik’ik’ik tz’onik be delayed (v) beyik, beyetajik be backwards (v) silikopij be diligent (v) sak’lajik be begun (festival) (v) tikiritajik be dim (candle) (v) moymot ri kandela be blamed for something (v) q’abax ch-ij be dim (v) moymotik be boastful, proud (v) nimarisäj -ib be discovered (v) riqtajik be boiled (v) poq’owisaxik be disobedient (v) man -ta tä tzij, man -riq taj be bored (v) k’istaj -k’ux be disturbed (v) t’ujuwik be born (v) alaxik be done (v) bantaj be brilliant (shining metal or gold) (v) be done a second time (v) kamulixik ch’ublinik be dreamed about (v) achik’axik be brilliant (v) yamanik be drunken, half-drunk (v) silowik be buried (v) muqutajik be eager to do something (v) kämisaj -ib che be called (v) sik’ixik be edible (iv) tijowik be calm (adj) xa k’olik, nake’ik be embarassed (v) k’ixik be calm, placid (v) tz’inonik be emptied out (v) tojinik be calm, still (v) nake’ik be envious (of older brother, etc.) (v) be capable of (see kuinik) (v) kowinik k’ech’ketik be careful (v) ban kuenta, chajij -ib be equivalent (v) junamtaj -uk’ be certain (v) qastzij -bij be face up (v) pak’i’k be changed (v) jaltajik, k’ex be faithful (v) kojonik be chewed (v) ba’ik be fallen flat (tree after storm) (v) peri’k be chilly (from weather such as wind) (v) be fast (clock) (v) nabejik tewtatik be fat (animals) (v) bosbotik be chosen (v) cha’yik be feverish (v) k’o q’aq’ ch-ij be clarified (v) saqirisaxik be filled up (v) balixik be clear (v) q’alajinik be fine (in size as in delicate embroidery) (v) be cold (hands) (v) xu’wik, t’ajajik much’uch’ik be cold (hands, skin) (v) t’ajajik be finished (v) k’istaj be confident in something (adj) ku’l -k’ux be firm in work (n) jikanel be confused-- In sachinaq (I’m confused) (v) be flaming (v) nikowik sachik be flattened (grass when run over) (v) be constipated (iv) yitz’ -pam potz’pobik be contagious (illness) (v) oqanik, t’iq -ib be found (v) riqtajik be contagious (ri yabil kusipaj rib) (v) sipaj -ib be fragile (v) paxik be content (v) kikotik be fragrant (v) k’ok’otik be content, happy (v) tzetzat -wäch be friends (v) ch’abej -ib be cooked well (v) nebi’k 163 be from somewhere (in kinel wi pa ri tinimit) be jealous of someone (v) kiäqre’j (v) el wi be jealous of someone (v) kiäqwachij be full (water in a tub or jug) (v) chemowik be late (v) baitajik, bayataj, beyenik, be funny (v) manal -ban beyetajik be generous (v) sipanik be lazy or slothful about work (v) lach’ach’ik be glorious (v) juluwik be left an orphan (from death of parents) (v) be gluttonous (v) nojtaj menorij kanoq be gound (v) ke’xik be left over (food, etc.) (v) to’tajik be half-drunk (v) miq’ow -jolom be like (v) je -el be hanging (v) tzayi’k, xekik be loaded (v) balixik be happy (market with many people) (v) be loose (something that should be miq’owik secure--tooth) (v) tormayik, (v) be happy (v) kikotik torq’o’mik be happy, content (v) tzetzat -wäch be loose (v) cho’lik, telik be harmed by insect (v) chikopirik be loose (v) jey -ib be haughty (v) nimal -ban be loose or about to fall (pack on a horse) (adj) be heard (v) ta’tajik jeyjik be heavy (bag of grain, etc.) (v) bajowik be lost (v) sachik be hoarse (v) jok’ok’ik be married off (v) k’ulubaxik be hot (spicy) (v) t’iririk be mean, act in a mean way (v) k’a’nanik be humble (v) mach’ach’ik, noqokik, mach’ be mischievous (v) choqchotik -ib be motionless (v) tz’inilik be humid (v) tewtatik be mourned (v) oq’axik be hungry (v) numik be moved emotionally (v) salabaj -anima’ be hurried (v) kowixik be muddy (road) (v) xaq’aq’ik be hypocritical (v) ban kieb -k’ux be naked (v) ch’ani’k be idiotic (v) man -ta’ taj be nauseated (v) muluj -k’ux be idle (v) qasaj q’ij be necessary to (v) rajwaxik chi be in a certain place (chweq käk’ije’ ri achi be neighbors (ki-k’ul ja qu-ib-- they are (v) cho ja) (v) k’ije’k k’ul ja -ib be in a hurry (k’o kin-be wi) (v) k’o -be wi be nutritious (v) utz -tijowik be in a line (v) chololik be obedient (v) nimanik be in agreement (adj) junam -tzij, junam be obligated (käch’ij pa nu wi’ kinbek) (v) -chomanik ch’ij p-wi’ be in danger (adj) xa kieb kubij p-wi’ be oily, greasy (dirty shirt) (v) q’ach’ianik be in disagreement (v) yojkarik be on fire (v) nikowik be in love with someone (v) kajmaj -ib ch-e be on time (v) man -jal taj be in place (v) k’oji’k be opened (v) jaqtajik be in the action of (v) tajinik be or appear like (ri ali käka’y je käpe ri u nan) be in the process of doing something (v aux) (adv) je -petik tajin be ordinary (v) xa qi’ -bij be infested (v) chikopirik be packed (v) patzik be irritated (skin from rash) (v) lo’tajik be paid (pass v) tojik, tojbex be jealous (v) achixaj, pulputik, kiäqwachij be passed from one place to another (v) be jealous (v) kiäqrayij q’axexik be jealous about wife (v) pulput chrij ri -ixoqil be patient (v) oq’otanik 164 be peaceful (v) tz’ininik be slippery (from gravel or rocks in road) (v) be perplexed (v) sach -k’ux pilq’atinik be placed in (v) okisax be slippery (from water) (v) pilq’anik be placid (v) lilonik be slippery (road) (v) jililik be pleased with something (v) -be -anima’ be slippery (v) jelejobik -uk’, -be -k’ux -uk’ be soft (gives when something placed on be polished, shiny (shoes) (v) sulsutik it--cushion) (v) yababik be possible (v) ya’ be soft (the top of baby’s skull) (v) nababik be preoccupied with something (v) k’o’xmaj be sour, very sour (v) t’iririk be present (v) k’oli’k be sparse (wheat grains on a plant) (v) wololik be proud (v) nimal -ban be split or cracked (skin from cold or dryness) be punctual (v) man -jal taj (v) pa’kinik be put in (v) okisax be spoken to (v) bixtajik be putrid (smell of a skunk) (v) t’iqiqik be spongy (v) wososik be quiet (v) matzalik be squished (tomatoes under weight) (v) be quiet (v) nake’ik pitz’pobik be ready (person, food--xutzirik-he’s ready) be startled (v) jiq’aj -ib (v) utzirik be startled (v) xej -ib be refreshing (v) jororik be sticky (from fresh paint or glue) (v) be rent (v) tzertajik nak’ak’ik be resplendent (v) chuplinik be still (v) matzalik, nake’ik be responsible (v) k’o eqlem be stingy (v) xu’yaj be rich (v) k’o jastaq -e be stuck (in the mud, in the throat) (v) ch’api’k be robust (v) jiljitik be submerged in something (v) sach ch-pam be rough (cat’s tongue) (v) tzararik be substituted (v) jalatajik be rough (v) charanik be sunk in something (v) sach ch-pam be sad (iv) bisonik be sure (v) qastzij -bij be sad about something (tv2) bisoj be surprised, wonder, be amazed (v) may be said (v) bixik be temperate (climate) (v) jororik be scarce (v) kek’enik be thankful (v) maltioxinik be scraped (v) jostajik be the same in appearance (v) junam -ka’yik, be seen (v) ilitajik junam -wächinik be served (v) kajmaxik be thick and sticky (thick atole or heavy be shaken (v) birbatik cream) (v) t’aqaqik be shaken off, fall (dandruff, scales, down, be thirsty (v) chaqi’j -chi’ chaff, dust) (v) tototik be tipped (v) tzalma’yik be shiny or lustrous (washed coat dog) (v) be together (v) achi’lik pililik be torn (v) tzertajik be shocked with grief or fear (v) jiq’iq’ik be troublesome (v) choqchotik be shy (v) k’ixik be true or loyal to something (v) jikaba’ -k’ux be silent (adj) xa k’olik be twisted (tree) (v) kotokobik be silent (v) much’ik, tz’ininik, tz’inowik be twisty, have many bends, turns (road, be similar (v) junamtaj -uk’, junamtajik branch) (v) kotma’yik be sitting on eggs in nest (v) t’uquwik, be ugly (v) itzel -ka’yik t’uqanik be uncertain (v) tz’i’arik be uncomfortable (bed) (v) q’ironik 165 be uncomfortable (v) man utz taj -na’ beast, animal (n) awaj be uncovered (v) sursutik beat (as eggs) (v) yujanik be unkempt (v) chik’ikik beat (eggs) (tv1) ruj be upset (v) tzolq’omij -ib beat (heart) [Momos] (v) tujuwik be useful (v) chokonik, patanajik beat (heart) [Toto] (v) tuquwik be useful for (v) patanij beat (v) q’osij be very sour (v) t’iririk beat dough (v) tuk be very worried about something (v) q’aq’an beat down (fruit with a stick from a tree) (v) -anima’ bejoj be visited (v) q’atuxik beat down fruit from tree (tv1) buj be waiting for someone to harm them (taq na beat tree to get fruit (tv-1) bej che ri achi) (adj) taq na ch-e beat, constantly, against something (branch be weak (v) makalik against house) (v) qit’ -ib be wealthy in material goods (v) k’o jastaq -e beater (eggs) (n) puq’bal be weighed down (with a heavy load) (v) beater (n) tukubal peq’eq’erik beating stick (n) puq’bal be well fitted (planks for house’s walls) (v) beautiful (adj) jelelaj, mu’s tz’aktz’atik beautiful (baby) (adj) tz’uy be well-dressed (v) bititik beautiful, pretty (adj) je’l, mu’s be worried (v) t’ujuwik beauty (n) je’lal be wounded (v) solotäjik because (prep) -umal chi beads, string of beads (n) jut ch’ach’al because of (prep) -umal, -umal -ech beak (n) tza’m because, for that reason (adv) xa ba cha’ beam (n) -aqän ja become (adj) uxinaq bean (n) kinäq’ become (v) okik, uxik bean (n-esp) piley become a three-quarter moon (v) mirik ri ik’ bean of the palo de pito used for divination (n) become accustomed (v) k’am -wäch tzite become accustomed or used to something (v) bean, black bean soup (n) -wa’l kinaq’ q’eq naq’tajik ch-e bean, ejote (n) tzakoy become accustomed to something (v) k’amanik bean, frijol colorado (n) piley kinaq’ become angry (v) k’a’narik, pe -oyowal, bean, green beans (n) käxlan kinaq’, räx kinaq’ yaktaj -oyowal, yekataj -oyowal, bean, large bean (haba) (n) jawux kinaq’ ch’o’jinik bean, piloy (large bean) (n-esp) piley become annoyed (Momostenango--see also beans, colored (n) ixtapkal oyowarik) (v) eyawarik beans, mashed beans (n) kiem kinaq’ become annoyed (v) oyowarik beans, pito beans for divining (Erythrina become black with smoke (v) sVbarik corallodindron) (n) tz’ite become blind (v) moyirik, potz’irik beans, soup of haba beans (n) tzin kinaq’ become bored (v) baq’ek, k’is -k’ux beans, string beans (n) räx kinaq’, tzakoy, biloj become changed, transformed (v) k’extajik (ejote) become clear (as water or a day) (v) saqirik beans, title for tz’ite beans used in divination become clear (weather or a day) (v) pu saqirik (n) chak patan become clouded (eyes with age) (v) sutz’irik beans, tz’ite beans (n) mich become cold (v) jorobik beard, heavy (n) q’ux become crestfallen (v) yuxik bearings (n) k’olem become crowded or narrow (v) latz’obik 166 become dented (v) wotz’wobik become scarce (corn in bin) (v) k’isk’obik become dirty (v) tz’ilobik become scattered (people from wild bull, become dizzy (v) sutin -wäch bomb) (v) tukij qu-ib ri winaq become empty (v) tolonik become sick (v) riq yabil become entangled (v) baq’atij -ib become sick (v) yabinik become entangled (v) kutz -ib become silent (v) memarik become excited (with fear, apprehension) (v) become slippery (v) pililik kajmaj -ib become smelly (v) chuwirik become exhausted (v) tuqarik become strong (v) kowirik become fat (v) chomirik become stupid (v) payirik become filthy (v) pe’jenik become thin (from illness or dieting) (v) tzajik become foggy (v) qaj sutz’ become thin (v) baqirik become gravely ill (v) nimatajik become toasted (v) wotz’otz’irik become great or important (v) nimar -q’ij become twilight (v) moimatik become green (from motion sickness) (v) -ya’ become unconscious (v) naj -sachi’k -ib räxq’än become visible (v) q’alajinik become hard (v) kowirik become weak (v) tuqarik become heavier (v) alobik become widower or widow (v) malka’nijik become ill (v) qaj pa yabilal, yawajik become wormy (v) chikopirik become important (v) paqi’ -q’ij become worn out (v) jarik become infected (v) pujarik become wounded, to be cut (hand by accident) become infected (wound) (v) ch’a’kirik (v) sokotajik become late (v) ok aq’ab bed (n) ch’at become leathery (v) tz’umarik bed (n) sokaj become lost (v) sach -be bedbug (n) kisiy become manifest (v) k’utwächinik bedbug (n) xpinko’k become mentally unbalanced (v) moxirik bedroom (n) warabal become midday (v) nik’ajar -q’ij bee (n) wonon become mired (bus in mud) (v) jat’e’k bee, honey bee (n) us kab become moldy (v) pusirik bee, little (n) us kab become muddy (adj) xoq’oltajinaq beehive (honeybee) (n) k’o’xbin kab become muddy (clothes) (v) xoq’oltajik beetle which burrows underground and eats become nauseated (v) muluw -k’ux roots (gallina ciega) (n) ixpak’pan become nervous (v) sililik beetle, Cerambicid beetle (n) susum ixpach become numb or paralyzed (v) sikirik beetle, dung beetle (n) tuktul achaq’ become obscured by fog (v) sutz’irik beetle, June Beetle (n) q’os become pale (from fright) (v) ban saq pe’r beetle, scarab beetle (n) märin become pale (v) saqmaki’k before (adv) k’ä maja’ become paralyzed (v) che’chetik before (adv) kan<öq> become paralyzed (v) che’rik before (adv) majoq become preoccupied (v) ok il before (adv) nabe kanoq become rags (clothing) (v) ki’ynajik before (adv) najtir become reconciled with someone (v) utzir -uk’ before (prep) ch-wäch become rich (v) q’inomarik beg (v) molonik become rough or calloused (hands from work) beggar (n) ch’anal (v) mararik beggar (n) molonel 167 beggar, poor person (n) meba’ belt, piece of blanket used by men around begin (v) tikarik, xumajij, jeqenik waist (Nahuala) (n) xerka begin something (tv2) chaplej bench (n) ku’lbal begin to do (tv1) jeq bench (n) t’uyulibal begin to work (v) maj ri -chak bench (n) tem beginning (n) chaplebal bench, carpenter’s bench (n-esp) panku’ beginning (n) jeqbal bend (in the road) (n) kotokik beginning (n) tikibal bend (tv1) jech’ beginning (n) tikiritajik bend (v) mej beginning (n) tikitajik bend (wire) (v) sutij beguile (tv1) sub bend (wood of bench when weight placed on begun (adj) majim it) (v) luklubik behind (adv) kan<öq> bend into curved shape (wire, stick) (tv1) behind the knee (n) -pa -ch’ek q’us behind, around, near, on its back (prep) ch-ij bend over (v) pachaba’ -ib being (n) k’u’x bend over, lean over (v) pachi’k being (n-Span) anima’ bend, curve in the road (n) -ch’uk be being useful (n) patanijik bend, flex (flexible object when bejuco (n) xik’ay kumätz suspended-basket, pole) (v) lut’uwik belch (v) qalajik, pol -anima’, qablajik bend, twist (metal or a wax candle) (v) luk belief (n) kojobal bend, twist (v) jech’ba’ belief (n) kojonik bend, twist (wood beneath weight) (v) pek’i’k believe (v) kojonik, nimaj bend, warp (wood) (v) lukuwik believe in, have confidence in (v) jikiba’ -k’ux beneath, under (prep) ch-xe ch-ij beneath, under (prep) xe’ believe or accept (tv1) koj bent (adj) jech’ejik believer (n) kojonel bent (adj) lut’ulik belittle (v) ch’utinik bent (door) (adj) jech’ bell (n-Span) kampana bent (wood beneath weight) (adj) pek’elik bell striker (n) -baq’ kampana bent down (branch from much fruit) (adj) bell, sound of metal striking metal (bell jukulik ringing) (v) ch’inlijik bent over (adj) pachalik bellows (n) xut’ibal q’aq’ bent over (branch with fruit) (adj) luklubinaq belly, big bellied person (n) ripiri pam bent over (branch) (adj) pachipik belong to (group) (v) tan -uk’, tan ch-xol bent over halfway (adj) chiqichoj belong to (prep) -e bent up (cardboard box) (adj) xotoxik belonging to (prep) -ech bent, folded, twisted (adj) lukulik belongings (n) jastaq -e bent, twisted (nail or warped board) (adj) beloved (adj) loq’ kotokik beloved (adj) loq’alaj bentosiar (v) t’isinik below (adv) iqim bent-over (adj) q’usq’ik below (adv) qaj bent-over (tree branch with weight) (adj) belt (n) pas q’usulik belt (n) ximibal -pam beside (prep) ch-xkut belt (of horse) (n) arki’y bestow efficacy on something by carrying out a ceremony (bless) (v) awasij 168 betray (v) jach bird, humming bird (n) tz’unun better (adj) nim -banik bird, magpie (n) chiko’, pijuy between (prep) ch-xol bird, night bird (n) ixparpuaq between two rivers (n) xola’ bird, pijije bird (edible aquatic bird) (n) molay bewitch someone (v) itzij bird, quail (n) sajkor, saqko’r, sarawäch, Bible (n) loq’alaj tz’ibanik tinturin Bible (n) Loq’alaj Wuj bird, quetzal bird (n) q’uq’ biceps (n) ch’o bird, quetzal male (n) maq’uq’ big around (snake) (adj) yoloyik bird, quetzalillo bird (n) maq’aq’ big bellied person (n) ripiri pam bird, ring-dove (paloma torcaz) (n) tukmux Big Dipper (n) wuqüb kaqix bird, rock dove (torcaza--paloma silvestre) (n) Big Dipper constellation (n) much’ ut big toe (n) nima u wi aqan bird, scarecrow (n) poy big, fat (person) (adj) jusanaj bird, small hawk (n) bix wil bigger than (adj) nim ch-wäch bird, small nocturnal bird of pray (sigua bile (n) k’a monte) (n) buq bin, grain bin (n) k’äja, k’uja bird, small owl (n) kurupup bind (tv1) xim bird, sparrow (n) witz’itz’ik, ch’iq bind something up tightly (burden on a horse) bird, sparrow-hawk (n) xik (v) jat’at’ej bird, starling (n) tzintziboj bind up (money in cloth) (v) yut’ bird, swallow (n) kui kui binding (n) jat’ibal bird, trumpeter bird (zanate or clarinero--like a binoculars (n) ilbal small crow) (n) ch’ok bird (n) awaj aj uwo kaj bird, trumpeter bird (zanate) (n) ch’ok bird (n) chikop bird, tucan (n) tarbok bird (n) chikop ri cä-ripipik bird, turkey (n) no’s bird (n) tz’ikin bird, turkey buzzard (n) siol bird believed to announce spring (n) purpuwik bird, turtle dove (n) xunkur, muqux, ixmukur bird down (n) pu’yul bird, virguira bird (n) xirkuk bird that nestles in straw (n) ch’e’r bird, wading bird (n) xa’n bird trap (n) k’am bird, widgeon (gallareta bird) (n) okoq bird wildcat lion, imaginary animal (n) pich’ bird, wild pigeon (torcaza) (n) tukumux yak koj bird, wirwira bird (n) xuruk’uk’ bird, blue bird (urraca) (n) xar bird, young hawk (clis clis bird) (n) litz litz bird, clarinero--like a small crow (n) ch’ok birth (n) alaxibal bird, coronadito bird (n) sik’il teoj birth (n) alaxik bird, coronado bird (n) sik’il tiox birth (of a child) (n) tujanem bird, goldfinch (n) chiu chiu bit of bridle (n) jik’bal rij -wi’ bird, golondrina bird (n) xipikär bite (dog) (v) kayej, katz bird, guarda barrancos (n) chajil siwan, bite (dog) (v) tiyo’nik chajinel siwan, chajal siwan bite (insect) (v) k’iaqatik bird, guardabarranco (n) sik’il siwan bite (tv1) ti’, ti’ik, ti’onik bird, heron (garza) (n) sojsol bite (v) puxij bird, heron (n) atz’ bite hard (tv1) paq’ bird, highland dove (n) tukumux bite off only a small portion (v) purij bird, hoopoe (abubilla) bird (n) asich bite, dog bite (n) qäb 169 biting fly (n) üs blemished (n) amalo -pam bitter (adj) k’a bless (v) tewichinik, tewichij bitter (adj) sararik bless someone (prior to marriage) (v) mes -wi’ bitter (apple) (adj) chun bless, bestow efficacy on something by bitter water (n) ch’ama’ carrying out a ceremony (v) awasij bitterness (n) k’ail blessed (adj) tewichim black and white shoulder bag (n) par chim blessing (n) tewichibal black bean soup (n) -wa’l kinaq’ q’eq blessing (n) utzil black cockroach (n) kisiy blind (adj) moy black corn (n) räxwäch, mex ixim blind (adj) potz’ black mushroom (n) -unum q’eq blind person (n) moy black wasp (n) satal blind person (n) potz’ black, dark (adj) q’eq blink (v) yupik, yupya’, yupyuyutik black, or speckled corn (n) xolob blink frequently (v) yupyutinik blackberry (n) tukan blink of an eye (n) jaqow baq’wächaj blackberry bush (n) tuqan blister (n) peq blacken (wall from smoke) (v) xaqirisaj, xaqij blister (n) q’än ja’ blackened with soot (adj) xaq blister (n) sipoj blacksmith (n) ajch’ayal ch’ich’ bloated (dead animal) (adj) xib blacksmith (n) ch’ayal ch’ich’ block (v) q’atej bladder (n) k’olibal chulubal block (v) q’atij, q’atalik bladder (n) xipun blocked (adj) q’atejinaq bladder, gall bladder (n) k’a blocked (n) bajim blame (n) q’abam blonde (adj) saq -jolom blame (v) q’abanik blonde (n) me’x blame for something (v) q’abaj blood (n) kik’ blame someone (v) q’abej blood blister (n) kik’ poq’ blame someone or something (v) ya’ ch-ij blood, draw blood (v) choq’ik blanch (v) chikonisaj bloodletting instrument (n) tzitz bland (adj) ki’koj bloody (adj) kik’arinaq bland, half-tasty (lacking full extent of nature) bloom (flower) (v) poq’ik (adj) säq bloom (v) kotz’i’janik bland, no flavor (lacking salt) (adj) sirisik, säq blot out (tv1) chup tza blouse weaver (Momostenango) (n) ajkemal blanket (n) q’u’ po’t blanket (n) q’u’l blouse, long silk woman’s blouse (n) xa blanket weaver (n) ajkemal k’ul blow (on embers) (v) xut’ij blanket, horse blanket (n) su’bäl, tasbal kiej blow (on fire to make it burn hotter) (v) xut’uj blanket-coat (poncho) (n) q’u’l blow (v) xupuj, wupuj blare out (trumpet) (v) oq’esaj blow (wind) (v) xut’ut’ik blaspheme (v) etz’bej u-wäch ri Dios blow away (ri kiäq’iq’ xupaq ubik ri sutz’) (v) blaze of fire (n) -reb q’aq’ paq ubik bleat (goat, sheep) (v) memetik blow from elbow (n) t’ok bleed, shed (blood) (v) tix, turuwisaj blow from heavy object (n) q’osinik blemish, pock marks (on face) (n) -k’olibal blow nose (from allergy or cold) (v) sirnaj ri loq’obal uputza’m 170 blow nose (v) jisk’aj -pa tz’am bold (adj) nimol -ib blow out of the mouth (v) wupij bone (n) baq blow up (v) wupuj bone flute (n) ch’aw baq blow with an elbow (n) ch’ukaj bone, cheek bone (n) -xe’ -baq’wäch blow, fist blow (n) t’ok bone, collar bone (n) -baqil -teleb blowgun (n) pub "bone dresser"-- specialist diviner who treats blowgun (n) wub bone problems (n) wiqol baq blowgun (n) wububal abaj bones (n) baqil blue (adj) räx, je käka’y kaj bonfire (n) poro’n blue bird (urraca) (n) xar book (n) wuj blue like the sky (adj) räx räj u wo ri kaj book burning, burn book in fire (v) chajirik blue, dark blue (adj) kajkoj book of songs, hymns (n) bixobal blue, pale blue (adj) räxroj book spine (n) ij blue-eyed person (n) saqpo’r boot (n) xajäb blunt (as machete) (adj) xel u wi’ border (n) k’ulbal blunt edge (adj) q’ipin u wi’ border (n) k’ulbatil blurred (adj) sutz’ -wäch bore (v) wartisaj, k’is -k’ux blurred vision (n) sutz’ pawaq’ach boring (adj) pok’ blush (v) kiäqarik born (adj) alaxinaq boa constrictor (n) chiwekox borrage (plant--Officinalis) (n) ichäj cunabal board under grinding stone to catch corn dough borrow (v) qajaxtaj, ta’ pa qajomal, ta’ pa qajik (tabla de moler) (n) aq’en borrow, rent (v) qaj boarder (n) qajal ja borrowed (adj) k’asaj boarder, one who lives in the house (n) aj uwo borrower (n) qajanel -achoch boss (n) ajaw boat (n) jukub boss (n) nimal boat of reeds (n) tula’ boss (n) taqanel body (n) baqil both (adv) kiebchal body (n) tiojil both (e kiebichal xe pa tinimit) (n) e kiebichal body (n) ulk’ua’l both (n) e kieb body (n) xamabil bother (tv1) tzur body dirt (n) ch’iluj bother (v) tzuruj, chuy, body odor (n) xexal bottle (n) leme’t body, euphemism for body (n) juyubal bottle (n) limet bodyguard (n) tarnel bottle (n) limita bodyguard (n) terenel re bottom (u-k’u’x ja’) (n) k’u’x bog (n) paxq’ol bottom, on the bottom (adv) k’ä ch-pam boil (n) ch’a’k bought (adj) loq’om boil (n) kisq’ay boulder (n) pek boil (v) chuq’ka’nik, roqowik, poq’owik boulder (n) xäq boil something (v) poq’owisaj bounce (v) ch’opinik, tanij boiled (adj) poq’oj bound (adj) jat’im, ximom, yut’ulik boiled (adj) poq’owinaq bound up (adj) yut’um boiled water (n) saqli’ bound, well bound (adj) jat’ajik boiled, half-boiled (beans so still hard) (adj) boundary (n) k’ulbatil, tanalik räxk’ux 171 boundary marker (usually heap of stones) (n) branches (n) xik’ay k’ulbat bread (n) käxlan wa boundary stone (n) q’olbat bread basket, canasta with lid for bread (n) boundary wall, thick, made of earth (n) tanatik ch’ut boundary, limit of piece of land (n) k’ulbatil bread crumb (n) xe’r bouquet of flowers (n) jubatz’aj kotz’i’j bread dough when it is ready to be baked (n) bow (bow and arrow) (n) sk’op -k’u’x kaxlan wa bow (for arrows) (n) ch’ab bread, sweet bread made of coarse flour bow (for shooting arrows) (n) k’iäqbal ch’ab without egg yolks or shortening (n) bow (n) sqop, wiqibal xeka bow (v) chiqiq -ib, yuxba’, mej -ib, q’och -ib, break (v) q’ajik t’ur break or dislocate (bone) (v) q’upkiej bow head (v) pachaba’ -jolom break or fall apart (v) wulijik bow hunter (n) ajjub break or split, to burst open (v) raqij bow one’s self (v) luk -ib break, cause to break down (v) yojij bowed (adj) pachalik break (bone) (v) q’aj, q’ajik, tatz’ij bowl (n) tu’y break (egg) (v) poq’ bow-legged (adj) chkoj break (general term) (v) paxij bow-legged, standing like a spider or crab (adj) break (horse) (v) manxorisaj, ban manxo ch-e wak’alik break (plates, glass, stone, wall) (v) paxik box (n-esp) käxon break (pot when dropped) (v) puk’inik box for holding sacred image (n) k’olibal tiox break (pot) (v) ch’emij box of treasures (n) k’olibal meba’il break (rope) (v) t’oqpinik, sak’inik boy, bad boy (n) itzel ak’al break (something long and thin--tree, pole, boy, little boy when can walk (3-8) (n) lintat bone, bicycle) (v) q’upij brace, calzado de milpa (prop to brace corn break (thread or rope) (v) t’oqopij plants in wind) (n) aq’er break (tree branch), snap (v) jäq’ bracelet (n) pulse’r, xe’ q’ab break (tree from wind) (v) q’ajik brackish water (n) tzaya ja’ break down (radio) (v) yojinik brag (v) yel -ib, pelaj -ib break down (v) yojtajik braid (n) pach’un, p-ch’im -wi break in half (branches, toast) (v) q’ipij braid (rope or hair) (v) pach’uj break in half, divide (v) pa’ij braid (v) pach’utalik break in pieces (bread or fruit) (v) pirij braided (hope or hair) (adj) pach’um break in pieces something soft with hands braided hair (n) pach’un (bread or fruit) (tv1) pir braider (n) pach’unel break off (v) lomolisaj brain (n) salwato’, tz’antz’ q’or, tzantzaq’or break off (branch from tree) (v) jich’ij brake (v) tak’baj break off (ear of corn, or branch) (v) joq’ brakes, sound metal grinding or screeching break off (piece of hard things- sticks, panela) against metal (brakes) (v) qitz’najik (tv1) q’ip bramble (n) jakal break off branch (hand or lightning) (v) jaq’ij brambles (n) itzel q’ayes break off pieces of something (tv1) kech’ bran (n) salwa’t break open (mountain, skin) (v) paq’inik branch (tree) (n) -q’ab che’ break open (something made of clay like water branch, fork (branch of tree) (n) xa’t jug) (v) papobik branch, twig (n) -xik’ayil che’ break something (toy) (v) etzelaj 172 break something (tv1) pax brim of hat (n) -xaq pwi’ break something flexible (rope) (v) rach’qij bring (v) k’am uloq, k’am break something fragile in hand (egg) (v) bring to life (v) k’astajisaj waq’ij bristly (adj) k’ix break something soft (v) rich’ij broad (brim of hat) (adj) lotolik break something thin and cylindrical (such as a broken (adj) paxinaq stick, bone or reeds) (tv1) q’up broken (leg) (adj) q’ajinaq break something wooden (v) jaq’ij broken (machine) (adj) etzeltajinaq break up (earth) (v) puqu’ broken (rope) (adj) t’oqpininaq break up into pieces (v) much broken bone (n) tatz’in baq break with pressure, shatter (something fragile broken in two (something hard like stick) (adj) like glass) (v) waq’inik q’iptajinaq break wood (v) jaq’aq’ik broken open (adj) pirom break wooden object (door) (v) joq’ broken or dislocated bone (n) q’ajinaq baq breakdown, go mad, crazy (v) moxirik broken potsherds (n) ch’em breaker, person breaking something (n) broken up (road) (adj) kotokäq q’iponel broken, has pieces broken off (edge of table) breakfast (n) wa re nimaq’ab (adj) wach’om -ij breakfast, morning meal (n) wa re nimaq’ab broken, something with pieces broken off (adj) breast (n) tu’, tz’um,-wo -k’ux kech’kobinaq breast dribble (n) turuwik -tu’ Bromelia plant (tree parasite) used on arches breast feed (v) tz’umanik, tu’nik, tu’nik, (n) ek’ tz’umaj brood (v) t’ujuwik breast milk (n) tu’ brooding hen (n) tuq breast, dry breast (n) k’äm broom (n) mesabal breast-feeding woman (n) ajtuj broom, Spanish broom (plant) (n) tzaj breasts (n) tz’u’m brother (n) achalal breath (n) uxlab, uxlabal brother of a female (n) xibal breath heavily (from exertion), pant (v) brother, older brother of boy (n) ätz posowik, polowik brother, older brother of male (n) achalal breath with difficulty (v) jasanik brother, younger brother or sister of same sex breath, smell of bad breath (n) xex pa -chi’ (n) chaq’ breathe (v) uxlabinik brother-in-law of a female (n) echam breathe hard (v) uxlabin ko brother-in-law of a male (n) baluk breathe in (v) jik’ -uxlab brown (adj) k’aqoj breeze (n) ux brown (adj) k’iaqo’j briar, thorn (n) k’ix brown (adj) ka’qoj briars (n) itzel q’ayes brown cotton (n) met bricklayer (n) yakal ja brown, pale brown (adj) q’akoj bricks to put cooking pots on (n) xuk’ub bruise (n) soltajnaq -ij bridegroom (n) ji’ ätz bruise (v) räxarik bridge (n) q’a’m bruise or other sign of being stricken (n) bridle of horse (n) jik’bal rij -wi’ potz’bal bright (adj) saq brush (v) xaybal brilliant (adj) kulkutik, req’apunik bubble (medicine or soda) (v) wososik brilliant (v) juluwik bubble (n) wuqoj chi paq 173 bubo (n) kisq’ay buried (adj) muqulik bucket (n) penabal buried (adj) muqum bud (branch) (v) tuxik burier, one who buries (n) muqunel, muqunijel bud (n) poton burlap (n) k’a’m bud (n) tux burlap (n) por bud (potato only) (v) xuminik burn (n) k’atinaq bud (v) tuxanik burn (v) k’atik, polik, qalajik bud of branch from which twigs sprout (n) -tux burn book or house in fire (v) chajirik che’ burn something (v) poroj bud, flower bud (n) -boxonil kotz’i’j burn to ashes (v) qawik bud, shoot (n) t’ux burn to the ground to ashes (house, or book in build (tv1) yak fire) (v) chajirik build (v) yek burn to the ground to ashes (house, or book in build (with wooden planks) (tv1) wok fire) (v) chajirik build a fire (tv1) kuch q’aq’ burn with pain (v) juluwik, q’aq’anik build a fire (v) box, nuk’ ri q’aq’ burned (adj) k’atinaq build with adobe (v) tz’aqanik burned (adj) k’atom builder (of ancient pyramids) (n) bitol burned (n) k’atom building (n) ja burner (n) k’atonel built, well-built (plant, person) (n) biribik burner (n) poronel bulky (adj) bonbik burning (n) k’atik bull (n) ama’ wakäx burning place (n) porobal bullet (n) -baq’ q’aq’ burr (n) tzakäm bullet (n) k’iäqbal burro (n-Span) bur bullfighter (n) tzurunel burst (v) juxuxik bully (n) ch’ayanel bury (v) muqunik, muqik, tik bum (n) xepu’ bury in tomb (v) yoq bumblebee (n) wonon bury something (tv1) muq bump into (v) puyij bus (n) ch’ich’ bunch (bananas, grapes), cluster (n) jutzayaj bush (n) q’ayes bunch (fruit) (n) rasim bush, blackberry bush (n) tuqan bunch (n) yataj busy (adj) latz’ -wäch bunch (vegetables) (n) manoj but (conj) k’ut bundle (grain, green onions) (n) yataj but (conj) tzare bundle (n) eqa’n but (conj) xane bundle (n) yut’uyik but, and (conj) k’u bundle (wheat, twigs) (n) yatoj butcher (n) ch’olonel bundle of divining paraphernalia (tz’ite beans, butcher (n) pilonel crystals, etc.) (n) baraj butcher (n) poch’onel bundle of firewood (n) k’ale’n butcher (tv1) pil, poch’ bundle of wound flowers used when asking butcher (v) poch’onik, poch’ik hand of girl (n) botz’oj butcher animal for meat (tv1) ch’ol bundled (green onions tied together) (adj) butcher, meat seller (n) poch’onel yatom butchered (meat) (adj) pilom burial (n) muqnajik butt (ram) (v) paqchinik buried (adj) muqtalik butt (v) toq’ik 174 butt with horns (tv1) toq’ caite (n) pera’j xajäb butt with horns (v) toq’onik, toq’oj cake, corn cake (n) chojim wa butterfly (Momostenango) (n) pempen calabaza squash (n) tz’etz’ butterfly (Toto) (n) pape calcite (n) saq choq’ butting animal (n) toq’onel calendar (n) etajbal q’ij buttocks (n) achaq calendar, solar, of 365 days (n) masewal q’ij buttocks (n) ch’ench’kil calf (leg) (n) pa ra button (shirt) (v) chap boton ch-e calf (n) alaj wakäx button (v) koj -boton calf (n) ch’ek buy (tv1) loq’ call for something (v) sik’ij buy (v) loq’owik, loq’omanik, loq’omik call someone by whistling (v) xulq’ubej, buy for resale (v) yak xulq’abej, xulq’abik buy something on credit (tv1) k’as call upon someone (amorously) (v) ch’abej buyer (n) loq’omanel call, shout (v) sik’ij buyer (n) loq’ominel called (k’o jun achi u bi’nam Carlos) (adj) buzz (fly, mosquito, bee) (v) rininik bi’nam buzz like a bee or cicada (v) sumumik called for (adj) sik’italik buzzard (n) k’uch callous (on hands from work) (n) peq buzzing (n) rininem callous or corn (n) pek buzzing insect from coast (cicada?) (n) calm (n) jamaril ch’ikirin calm (sea with no wind) (adj) qajinaq -wäch buzzing of electrical apparatus (n) tz’ininik calm (surface of lake) (adj) remanik by (prep) -umal calm (v) jorojobik, q’ilik, jamarik, silanik by choice (n) ajawam calm someone (v) q’il, qasaj -wäch by day (adv) pa q’ij calumny (n) tzijtal by hand (adj) q’abaj calzado de milpa (prop to brace corn plants in by self (adv) chbil -ib wind) (n) aq’er by the river (adv) pa nima’ calzontes (n) k’ixk’ob cabbage (n) qulix camote (n) tz’in cabbage (n-Esp) repo’y canasta (n) chaqäch cabbage heart (n) purnum canasta (n) chikäch cacao (n) kakaw canasta with lid for bread (n) ch’ut cacao (n) kakow caña brava tree (n) tar cackle (hen after laying eggs) (v) toqtoqinik caña silvestre (n) äj cackle (hen after laying eggs) (v) tzarqi’nik cancer (n) bur cackle (hen before laying eggs) (v) toqtotik Candelaria (n) Kante’l cackle (hen) (v) karakatik candle (n) kotz’i’j cackle (hen) (v) qarqatik candle (n-esp) kantela cactus (n) k’ix che’ candlestick (n) tzuk’ulibal cactus fruit (see also noxti’) (n) nachti’ candy (n) kab cactus, fruit of the saguaro (pitahaya) (n) cane (n) ch’ami’y takrabaj cane (n) patz’an cactus, organ cactus (n) wanok cane, sugar cane (n) äjij cactus, prickly pear cactus (n) noxti’ canine tooth (n) nim -ware’ cafeteria (n) wa’ibal cannon (n) bolom ch’ich’ cage (n) ko’k canoe (n) jukub 175 canteen (n) pump carry hanging from hand or on shoulder (bag canvas carrying bag (capotera) (n) koxobaq or hawk with prey) (v) tzayej canyon (n) siwan carry hanging from shoulder (v) xekej canyon, narrow (n) jut’ siwan carry in arms (v) yuq’unik cap (n) ch’uqbal carry in palm of hand (v) lot’ej cap (n) pänet carry on back (v) eqaj cap (n) pune’t carry on head (basket, jug) (v) ikiraj cap (n) tzapibal carry on shoulders (v) telej cap (worn when cold) (n) robe’t carry on shoulders (v) xekeba’ p-wi’ -teleb capable (adj) mak’alik carry something round with arms held against capable of (see kuinik) (v) kowinik chest (v) setej capital (n) nim tinimit carry something thin in hand (book) (v) tz’arej capital (n) yakbal carry under arm (radio) (v) latz’ej capitol (n) Armita cart (from carreta) (n-esp) kare’t capped (adj) ch’uqum cart (n) juyukibal capstan used to twist thread (n) pätet carve (stone) (tv1) tzok’ capture (tv1) chap carve (tv1) jos captured (adj) chapom carved (stone) (adj) talom car (n) ch’ich’ carved (stone) (adj) tzok’om car (n-esp) karrok carved (wood, stone) (adj) ajan carcass, bloated (dead animal) (adj) xib carved silver (n) ch’ayom puaq carcass, shell of a dead animal (n) k’o’xal cascade down (water down mountainside) (v) card wool (v) xiyoj tojojik care for cultivated plot (v) josq’ij cast out (v) esaj apanoq care giver, one who looks after someone or castrate (v) q’atij, poch’ -oj something (n) ilol -ech cat (n) me’s careful about food (adj) ch’il cat (n) sia’ caress (v) bochi’j cataract (n) pulch’ich’ caress, pet (animal) (v) koloq’aj cataracts in eye (n) saq pa ri bäq’wäch cargo (n) eqa’n cataracts in eye (n) sutz’ pa -baq’wäch carpenter (n) ajanel catch up (v) riq carpenter (n) josol che’ caterpillar of moth (wooly bear) (n) ch’alakan carpenter’s bench (n-esp) panku’ caterpillar that infests pines (n) xaq’e’chaj carpenter’s wood plane (n) josbal che’ caterpillar, fuzzy (n) ixq’ayichäj carried on the head (adj) ikiram caterpillar, pine caterpillar (n) sichan, saq noy, carrier (n) eqanel ixq’el chäj carrier of the litter on which saints borne in Catholic confraternities of town (n) Oxlajuj procession (n) telenel Ch’ob carry (firewood) (v) erej Catholic Mass (n-esp) mixa carry (in hand) (v) uk’a’j Catholic priest (from padre) (n-Esp) pare carry (v) eqanik caucasian (n) mu’s carry away (v) k’am ubik cauliflower (n) saqi’chaj carry away bound (v) yut’ cause damage to something (v) etzelaj carry away in teeth (v) kayej bik cause harm (v) ban k’ä’x ch-e carry by hand (plate) (v) tik’ej cause pricking sensation (cut hairs in shirt collar) (v) chak’anik 176 cause pricking sensation (wool or stinging certain (jikilik käban ri k’ulanem chweq) (adj) nettle) (v) chak’ak’ik jikilik cause to be delayed (v) beyetajisaj certainty marker (adv) na cause to be done (v) banowik cessation (n) yaqalem cause to be taken away (v) sachaba’ chaff (from grain) (n) sälot cause to be wet (v) ch’aqaba’ chaff (wheat) (n) -ij triko cause to break down (v) yojij chaff, corn chaff (n) solot cause to burn (v) k’atisaj chain (n) tiqom ch’ich’ cause to collapse (v) wilij chains (n) ch’ich’ -aqan cause to happen (v) tz’aqatisaj chair (n) ku’lbal cause to remember (v) natajisaj chair (n) t’uyubal cause to wither (v) bayij, q’ayaj chair, seat (n-esp) xila’ cave (n) jul chair, sedan chair (n) patal cave (n) pek challenge (n) tzurik cease (v) to’taj, tani’k challenge (tv1) tzur cease doing something (v) tani’ che challenge (v) tzurunik ceased (adj) tanalik chancre (n) xilim ceased (adj) tanalinaq change (money) (n) k’exbal cedar (Cedrella) (n) teox che’ change (money) (tv1) k’ex cedar (n) k’is che’ change (n) q’axbal cedar (n) tiox che’ change (n) tzelem rajil ceiba (n) inup change (tv1) jal ceiling (n) -wi’ ja change (v) jalwächij, q’axaj, k’ej celebrate (holiday) (v) ok’owisaj change clothes (v) jal -ij celebrate birthday (v) k’ul -q’ij change dentition (from baby to adult teeth) (v) celebration (n) ula’nem ch’otinik -ware’ celebration of a holiday (n) q’axbal nimaq’ij change mind or ways (v) k’ex -k’u’x celestial (n) ajchikaj change mode of dress (v) po’ -ib census (n) tz’iban bi’aj change one’s self (v) k’ex -ib, k’exik census (n) yakow bi’aj change place (v) jalk’atij center (n) -nik’ajal change way of dressing (like a foreigner) (v) center (n) -nik’ajil poysaj -ib center, very center (n) qas -pam changed (adj) jalwächim centipede (n) ixtzol chapel (n) ochoch re Dios centipede, scorpion (n) sina’j character (n) banik Cerambicid beetle (n) susum ixpach character (n) no’j ceremonial washing of saint’s clothing (n) charcoal (n) aq’a’l ch’ajbal atz’iaq charcoal (n) xaq ceremony to ask hand of girl in marriage 40 charge (n) chilab days before wedding (n) tz’onoj charge (n) oqxa’n ceremony--cut two geraniums and tie up charge with responsibility for something (v) during marriage (n) qopinik kotz’i’j chilbej Cerro Quemado (volcano) (n) K’atinaq Juyub charity (n) -utzil -anima’ certain (adj) tzij charley horse cramp (seen as calling to become certain (jik kinopan chweq) (adj) jik diviner) (n) chokej charlie horse (n) cho kiej 177 chase (v) terenej, oqataj, koqotajik chicken louse (n) sis chase away, shoo (v) yo’j chicken pox (n) binel loq’obal chased (adj) oqatam chicken pox (n) loq’obal chastise (v) k’äjisaj -wäch chicken with messed up feathers (n) k’ix ak’ cheap (adj) xu’y chicken with no feathers on neck (n) peluk ak’ cheap person (n) xu’y chicken with no feathers on neck (n) qul ak’ cheat (v) ban -qul chicken without feathers (n) ch’anax checha tree (n) ch’iyut chicken, brooding hen (n) tuq cheek (n) q’o’tz chicken, deformed (n) tu’x äk’ cheek (n) -xe’ we chicken, deplumed chicken (n) ch’anax cheek bone (n) -xe’ -baq’wäch chicken, gallina espinuda (n) chinchin ec’, cheer up (v) kikotisaj -anima’ ch’il ek’ cheese (n) kexo’ chickpea, garbanzo bean (n) karawan cheese (n) kexu’ chicqen slop (n) -q’or ek’ cherry (cereza silvestre) (n) k’uxk’abel chief (n) nimal cherry (n) k’ixk’obel chigger (garrapata) (n) sip cherry (n) k’uxumk’el chigger (n) sison cherry (n) kaplin chilacoyote (white bottle gourd--Cucurbita cherry (n) t’ub ficifolia) (n) q’oq’ cherry (n) tup child (boy or girl) of a female (n) al cherry tree (n) ixpusqel child (n) ak’al cherry tree (n) k’uxk’abel child (n) alk’ual chest (for clothes) (n) alma’r child born one year after sibling (n) ajchaq’im chest (n) k’u’x ak’al chest (n) -wa k’u’xaj child who has or is going to have a baby chest (n) -wäch -k’ux brother (n) ajchaq’im chest (n) -wo -k’ux child who is weaned and eats regular food (n) chew (cud) (v) käch’unik ajwi’l chew (gum, something chewy) (v) käch’uj child, bad child (n) xk’iaqat chew (v) k’ächukunik, k’äch, baj child, small child (n) nuch’, noya chew helote (dog) (v) purinik child, young child (n) k’ak’al chew on something (tv1) mach’ childhood (n) ak’alil chew something (v) ba’ childhood (n) ch’utinal chew something hard (habas) (tv1) k’ux children, "ten childen" (200) (n) lajujk’al chicharrón (fried pork rinds) (n) r-i’j aq children, ritual name for good things of chiche (insect) (n) ch’ut marriage (kids) (n) wuqub utzil wuqub Chichicastenango (n) Chuwila chomal Chichicastenango (n) Max children, seven children (n) wuqk’al chick (n) alaj ek’ children, six childen (n) waqk’al chick (n) ch’iw chile (n) ik chicken (blue and white feathers) (n) xep chile grinder (n) q’utbal ik chicken (n) ek’ chile sauce (n) q’utu’m ik chicken (see also ek’) (n) äk’ chile verde (undried green chile) (n) q’ax chicken coop (n) kabal chile, dried chile (n) chaqi’j ik chicken droppings (n) bix chile, fragrant chile (n-esp) chiltep chicken lice (n) sip chile, ground chile (n) kiem ik’, uk’aj ik’ 178 chile, hot chile (n) q’ax church (n) komon tiox chile, sauce of ground chile and tomato (n) church (n) ochoch re Dios q’utu’m church community (n) winaqil chili, powdered chili (n) k’ajk’aj ik cicada (n) kätet chill (hot drink) (v) jorobisaj cicada, buzzing insect from coast (n) ch’ikirin chill (v) bajajik cigar (n) sik’ chilled (liquid) (adj) jorobinaq cigarette (n) sik’ chilliness (n) tewal cilantro, coriander (n) kulante’ chills (n) tew cinnamon (n-esp) kanela chiltepe (n) -baq’wäch ch’o circle (n) juk’olaj chiltepe (n) q’ax circle (n) sutibal r-ij chin (n) kakate’ circle (n) sutinaq chinchín (fruto del pino--juniper berry?) (n) circular (adj) sutinaq ch’akuy circumcise (v) koj retal ri -kuerpo chíntalo (n) -xe’ k’ix circumference (n) baltisaj chip (tooth, stone) (v) lomolisaj city (n) tinimit chip from bottom of a pot (n) xut’, teq’ City of Antigua (n) Pan Choy chip off (tv1) q’ip civilization (n) saqil k’aslem chip off a piece (edge of pot on stone by clam (n) xkin accident) (v) q’ipq’obik clamber up (cat up a tree) (v) racakik chipilin (vegetable used in tamales) (n) much’ clan (n) alaxik chipilín (n) putz clap hands (v) boq’abaj -q’ab chipped (vessel) (adj) ch’em -chi’ clap hands (v) paq’apa -q’ab chipped on edge (cup or other vessel) (adj) clarifier, one who clarifies (n) q’alajisanel ch’aqap -chi’ clarify (v) saqirisaj, q’alajisaj jas u suk’ chips, wood chips (from cutting), slivers (n) clarify, make clear (v) q’alajisaj muchu’l clarinero bird (n) antun chips, wood chips (n) -webal che’ clarinero--like a small crow (n) ch’ok chirimia flute (n) su’ clarinet (n) cho’k chirimía (n-esp) charmiy clarity (n) saqil chirp (cricket) (n) xiririk class (n) -ach’ chirp (v) tz’iririk class of poisonous mushroom (n) -baq’wäch choice, by choice (n) ajawam käminaq choke (v) jiq’, jiq’ik classroom (n) tijobal choke someone (v) jiq’isaj claw (bird), nail (finger), talon, hoof (n) cholera (n) ik’ow pomaj y xa’wem ixk’iaq choose (v) cha’, cha’nik claw (crab or scorpion) (n) tuxe’r chop (tv1) tam claw (crab) (n) ti’obal täp chop up (firewood or coconut) (v) paq’ij claw (n) tuxe’rix chopped (adj) tamom clay (n) q’än ulew chosen (adj) cha’om clay cup (n) xa’r chosen (adj) cha’tal clay for potter (n) ralawal boj chosen (adj) kojom clay griddle (comal) (n) xot Christmas Eve (Noche Buena) (n) Alaxibal clay whistle (n) xul chunk of meat (n) -nak’ ti’j clean (land before planting) (v) sek’ajaj chunk, piece (of wood, etc.) (n) bolaj clean (v) su’ 179 clean well (baby) (v) josq’ij clothes for mourning (n) waqwoj atz’iaq clean, very (adj) xaxtzintzoj clothing (n) atz’iäq cleanse (v) ch’ajch’ojirik clothing to be mended (n) t’iso’n clean-shaven (adj) t’an -palaj cloud (n) sutz’ clean (adj) ch’ajch’oj cloud of dust (n) poqlaj clean (adj) josq’ij clouds at sunset or sunrise (n) sutz’ q’an clean (adj) saq cloudy (adj) sutz’ -wäch clean (adj) saq -pam cloudy (n) muqul sutz’ clean laundry still wet (n) ch’ajon clown (n) chaqab cleaned (adj) josq’im club (n) q’osibal cleaning rag (n) su’bal atz’iaq cluck (hen) (v) ch’e’rerik cleaning, thorough (n) josq’inik cluster of stars (n) mutz cleanliness (n) ch’ajch’ojil cluster, bunch (bananas, grapes) (n) jutzayaj cleanliness (n) josq’il coagulate (v) wayik cleansing, ritual cleansing of lineage shrine coals, hot coals (n) -achaq q’aq’ prior to ceremony (n) mesabal coarse (adj) charan clear (adj) q’alaj, sanalik, saq coarse (adj) rora’ clear head (v) ul pa saq coarsely ground (adj) chaqo’n clear out something (tv1) jam coarsely ground cornmeal (n) mal clear throat (v) ch’ij ojob coast, valley (n) taq’aj clear, disperse impediments (clouds) (v) coastal person (n) ajtaq’ajanik, ajtaq’ajal pakanik coastal plain (n) taq’aj "clear light" ritual term for divinatory message coastal, something which pertains to the coast or revelation (n) saq q’alaj (n) taq’ajal clearly (adv) q’alaj coat, blanket-coat (poncho) (n) q’u’l client in divination ceremony (n) -winaqil coati (Sp. pizote-- small squirrel-like animal) cliff (adj) juyub (n) si’s cliff (n) pek coax (v) bochi’j climb (n) paqalem cob, corn cob (olote) see also pi’q (n) pe’q climb out with arms and legs (v) xa’ko’pik cochineal fig (n) nochti’ climb up (v) aq’anik cochineal insect (n) malin clock, solar clock (n) kajbal cockroach (n) chjal clod of dirt (n) k’olok’ik ulew cockroach (n) pachach close (adj) naqaj cockroach (n) pixlanko’k close (v) tz’apij cockroach (n) tuktul close eyes (v) yupuba’ ri -baq’wäch cockroach (n) xpin closed (eyes) (adj) yupulik cockroach (n) xwi’l closed, always has eyes closed (adj) yupulik cockroach, black cockroach (n) kisiy closet (n) alma’r coconut (n-esp) koka cloth (n) kiemom coconut (n-esp) koko cloth (n) su’t coffee (n-Span) kape cloth (n) tz’iäq coffee grounds (n) -xe’ kape cloth used to wrap bundle (n) pisbal coffee strained (adj) cha’om cloth, piece of cloth (n) tz’iäq cohabit (v) joch’ojik cloth, wool cloth (n) atz’iaq k’ul, is coil up (v) sotoyik clothes chest (n) alma’r coiled (adj) kotolik 180 coitus (n) patzoj color, red [Momos] (adj) käq cold (adj) tew color, red [Toto] (adj) kiäq cold (illness) (n) q’osibal tew color, smoky-colored (adj) sib cold (n) jorön color, tan (egg-colored) (adj) q’änq’oj cold (n) oj re tza’m color, very white (adj) saqloloj cold (n) ojratza’m color, white (adj) saq cold (n) tew color, yellow (adj) q’än cold drink (n) jorön color, yellowish-brown (adj) q’änq’oj cold season (winter) (n) tatajik colored beans (n) ixtapkal cold sore (n) -pa chi’aj, q’aq’ pa -chi’ colored corn grains (n) xilo’p ixim cold water (n) jorona ja’, jorön colored egg (n) tz’iltzoj cold, very cold (adj) juch’uch’ik colored stone (n) chachal coldness (n) tewal column (n) -aqän ja colewort (nabo--a vegetable) (n) jawux ichaj column (n) bolobik collapse (v) wulij comb (n) xiyäb collapse (wall, building) (v) tilitob uloq comb (v) xi’ collapse, cause to collapse (v) wilij comb (v) xiyoj collapse, fall (building, wall) (v) tilitobik comb hair (see also xiy) (tv1) xay -wi’ collapse, fall down (badly built wall) (v) comb hair (v) xiy -wi’ wilijik comb of rooster (n) pärek’ collapsed (house) (adj) wilijinaq comb of weaving machine (n) xep collar bone (n) -baqil -teleb combed (hair) (adj) uxiyom -wi collect (money) (tv1) mol combine (v) k’ulajij -ib collect (seeds) (v) sik’oj come (adj) petinaq collect (taxes, debt) (v) toq’ij come (v) petik collect (tv1) kuch come back (v) tzalijik collect (v) mulij come forth (v) poq’obisaj uloq collection (money) (n) kuchuj come near to (v) qeb collector (taxes) (n) toq’il come off (wheel from bus) (v) tortajik collector of fees, taxes (n) toq’inel come out (v) poq’obisaj uloq color, blue (adj) räx, je käka’y kaj come out from (toward speaker) (v) el uloq color, blue like the sky (adj) räx räj u wo ri kaj come out well (as a business trip or marriage, color, blue, dark blue (adj) kajkoj etc.) (v) el pa saq color, blue, pale blue (adj) räxroj come to an agreement (v) junamtaj -wäch color, brown (adj) k’iaqo’j come to an agreement (v) koj pa junam color, gray (adj) chaj r-ij, sibsoj come to an end (v) k’istaj color, green color (adj) k’el come to the end of a job (v) to’tajik color, grey (adj) chaj r-ij, sibsoj come together (v) tuni’k color, light green (adj) räxroj come towards (v) qeb color, off-white (adj) saqsoj come unstuck (v) k’otk’obik color, orange (adj) q’än kiäq come untied (from being poorly knotted) (v) color, pale blue (adj) räxroj kirkobik color, pale brown (adj) q’akoj come! (imperative phrase) tasaj color, pale purple (adj) moratoq -pam comet (n) ch’umil k’o u je’ color, pink (adj) kiäqkoj comfort (v) bochi’j color, purple (adj) mo’r, mora’t 181 comfort someone (v) ku’bisäj -k’ux, ku’b complete (v) bantajik -k’ux complete something (v) to’tajik coming (n) petem complete, fulfill (v) tz’aqatik coming (n) petibal completed (adj) bantajinaq command (n) taqanik comprehend (v) ch’ob command (n) taqbal compress making it less spongy (dough) (tv1) command (v) taqanik pen command to come (v) taq uloq conceal (secret or sin) (v) q’abanik command, send, force, to compel to do conceal truth (v) q’abaj something (v) taq conceive (child) (v) tojilabik commanded (adj) taqom conclude (v) chomaj commanded from heaven (adj) taqom chi kaj conclusion (n) k’isbal commander (n) nim reqle’n condition (n) wäch commander (n) taqanel cone (n) bolobik ja commandment (n) pixab confess sin (v) q’alajisaj ri -mak commandment (n) taqanik confidant (n) -ach’ ch’aben commandment (n) taqbal confidant, one in whom you can confide (n) commence (v) xumajij -ach’ ch’aben commend (v) nimarisaj -q’ij confirm (v) suk’ubik commission (n) chilab conflagration (n) poro’n commission (n) oqxa’n conflagration (n) porom commit adultery (v) k’atik -aqan confused-- In sachinaq (I’m confused) (v) commit suicide (v) kämisaj -ib sachik community elders (permanent office) who confused (adj) sachinaq choose auxiliary officers (n) ajawab confused (adj) sachinaq -k’ux community, of a church (n) winaqil confusion (n) sachabal companion (n) achi’l congestion (animal) (n) xib companion (n) k’ulaj congregation of believers (n) komon tiox companion (n) tz’aqat conjugation (n) ch’abalil compare selves (tv2) junamtaj -ib conquer (tv1) ch’äk compare something (tv2) junamtaj conquer (v) ch’äkanik compassion (n) elibal k’uxaj conscience (n) ajawam compel (v) puersij constable (n) ajch’ami’y compel (v) taqchi’j constantly beat against something (branch compel to do something, force, send, command against house) (v) qit’ -ib (v) taq constellation (n) ch’umil complain (about illness) (v) jilowik constellation of Great Bear (Ursa Major) (n) complain (to authorities) (v) tz’ujunik wuqüb kaqix complain (v) ch’a’, ch’eqowik, tzujunik constellation of Orion (n) q’inobal complain about (v) wixwitik constellation of Sirius (n) Kab Q’ij complaint to Dios Mundo against someone (to constellation of the "brillante león," near Orion cause illness) (n) cha-q’abaj (n) saq koj complement (v) nimarisaj -q’ij constellation of the "great white dog" complete (a term in office or jail term) (v) (Aldebaran) (n) saq nima tz’i’ suk’ubij Constellation of the Pleiades (n) Ix Motz’ complete (adj) tz’aqat constipation (n) tzapatajik -pam 182 construct (v) yek coral snake (n) xop construction (n) banbal cord (n) k’a’m consumed (adj) k’isinaq cord (n) k’am contagious, be contagious (ri yabil kusipaj rib) cord (n) k’at (v) sipaj -ib cord (n) kolob contend with verbally (tv1) yaj cord (n) xax kolob contentment (n) kikotemal cord, strong and hard cord (n) k’uläm continue (v) terenej coriander (Sp. cilantro) (n) kulante’ continue doing something (v) taqej, terembej corn (v) poq’ik -q’ab contract work (v) chok corn atole, honey flavored (n) poko’l contradiction (n) k’ulelanik corn cake (n) chojim wa contribution (n) kuchuj corn chaff (n) solot conversation (n) ch’awem corn cob (olote) see also pi’q (n) pe’q conversation (serious) (n) tzijonem corn dough (n) q’or, q’or re ixim converted to being (adj) uxinaq corn dough drink (n) räx q’or convince (v) ch’ekenik ch-e corn flour, fine (n) k’äj convince someone about something (v) koj corn flower, flor de milpa (n) witzik’ -k’ux corn from the coast (n) taq’ajal ixim convulsion (n) itzel kiaqiq’ corn harvest (n) jäch’ coo (dove) (v) bixonik corn husk (n) jo’q cook (usually by by boiling or steaming) (v) corn in general (n) ixim tzak corn kernels (dry) (n) ixim cook (v) chäq’ajisaj, chäq’ajik corn leaf (n) -xaq abix cook well done (v) chikonik corn leaf used to wrap tamalitos (n) tz’alik cooked (adj) chäq’ corn on the cob (still on the plant, or unripe) cooked grains of elote placed in atole de elote (n) och’ (n) mux corn plant (n) abix cooked, medium (adj) k’at tuquch’ corn planting (n) awex cooking hearth (n) miq’bal corn root worm (n) ikan cool (a hot liquid) (v) yujaj corn silk (n) tzämiy, -wi’ jäl. tz’amiy cool (adj) joror corn silk insects (n) ixparpäjoq cool (hot things) (v) jorobik corn smut (n) ch’ajach’ cool (v) jorobisaj corn stalk, dry (n) patz’an cool, chill (hot drink) (v) jorobisaj corn, black corn (n) räxwäch, mex ixim cool, half-cold (adj) säq corn, black, or speckled corn (n) xolob coolness, freshness, something refreshing (n) corn, callous (n) pek jororik corn, colored grains (n) xilo’p ixim coop, chicken coop (n) kabal corn, cooked grains of elote placed in atole de copal incense (n) pom elote (n) mux copal incense, type of (n) kotz’i’j corn, ear of corn (dried) (n) jäl copper (n) kach ch’ich’ corn, ear of corn (ripe, undried) (n) äj copper (n) kiäq puaq corn, ear of corn with few grains (n) matz’ coppersmith (n) ajqan puaq corn, ear of corn with grains which are copulate (v) reqlej ixoq underdeveloped (n) tur coquette (n) tzurunel corn, ear of green corn (n) piqal, pi’q coral snake (n) kiaq chib corn, first grinding of corn (tv1) chaq 183 corn, food (corn or in general) (n) wa costly, expensive (adj) paqal -ajil corn, husked (adj) jach’om costly, expensive (adj) paqalik corn, last grinding of corn (v) kok’isaj cotton, brown cotton (n) met corn, leaf of ear of corn (n) jo’q cotton, harvest with fingers (n) makow corn, maiz de la costa (n) taq’ajal ixim cotton, white cotton (on plant) (n) bot corn, new (n) ak’ie’l Cotzal (n) Kzal corn, newly harvested corn (not yet hard) (n) couch (n) ch’at ak’ie’l couch (n) q’oyobal corn, portion of corn dough (n) jubotaj couch (n) sok corn, second grinding of corn (v) kok’isaj, tzi’ cough (n) oj re tza’m corn, see also atole (sweet corn gruel) (n) q’or cough (n) oj corn, seed corn (n) awex cough (v) t’ujt’utik, t’oxnobik, tojnabik, corn, soaked corn kernels (n) tzi tujututik, t’ujnubik corn, soaked corn ready for grinding (n) cough, dry cough (n) chaqi’j ojob ke’ counsel (n) pixab corn, sound of fingers in corn dough (n) sq’om counsel (n) tzij corn, sweet corn on the cob (boiled, roasted) counsel (v) tzijobej, pixabaj, ya’ no’j, pixabik, (n) äj pixabanik corn, tamalito of corn (n) süb counsel, honored (n) loq’ pixab corn, tender (n) ak’ wa counselor (n) pixabinel corn, third and final grinding of corn (v) tzi count (n) -ajilbalil corn, toasted corn grains (n) k’ilim ixim count (v) ajilaj, ajilanik, ajilabik corn, toasted yellow corn (n) pol countenance (n) wäch corn, very tender corn (not yet dried) (n) puch’ counter (person) (n) ajilanel corn, white corn for tortillas (n) saqpor country (n) amaq’ corn, white corn grains (n) saq ixim country (n) nimalaj ulew corn, yellow corn (n) wa’il countryman (n) -winaqil corn, yellow corn on the cob (n) q’än jal countrymen, people of a country (n) winaqil corner (inside house) (n) latz’ couple (n) juk’ulaj corner (n) tza’m couple, pair (n) k’ulaj corner (n) tzuk couple, two of them, both (n) e kieb corner (n) xikin court (v) takej corner of eye (n) jutz court, plead, demand, promise (v) tz’onoj cornfield (n) abix courthouse (n) q’atbal tzij cornfield (n) awex cousin (n) -al -ch’utin nan cornmeal, coarsely ground (n) mal cousins, distant family members (n) q’ab coronadito bird (n) sik’il teoj alaxik coronado bird (n) sik’il tiox covenant (n) k’amowabal correct (v) yajtioxik cover (book) (n) ij correct something (v) suk’uba’ cover (n) ch’uqbal correct with discipline (v) q’il cover (tv1) buk, ch’uq correct, honest (Toto), just (adj) suk’ cover (v) muqtajik, ch’uqik, rayij, moyik corridor (n) pa raqan ja cover (with sweater or blanket) (v) q’u’j cost money (v) jarik cover self (to keep warm) (v) ch’uq -ib costly (adj) paqal -ajil cover self well (with blanket from cold) (v) costly (adj) paqalik buk -ib 184 covered (adj) ch’uqum crashed on the ground (pig in shade) (adj) covered (cloud covers mountain) (adj) punulik muqulik, jäpalik crate for carrying goods (n) eqbal covering (n) ij crave (v) jiq’jitik covering (n) q’u’ crawl (v) juruj -ib covey (n) jupuq crawl on chest (v) jupma’yik cow (from vaca) (n-Span) wakäx crawl on hands and knees (baby, people) (v) cow udder (n) ajyitz chaqänik coward (n) ajxib crayfish (n) ch’om coyol palm (fruit) (n) mop crayfish (n) sak’ coyol palm tree (n) tut crayfish (n) xtob coyote (n) utiw crazy (adj) ch’u’jarinaq crab (n) top crazy (adj) mox crab (n) xtob crazy (person, animal) (adj) ch’u’j crab (see also top, ixterix and xtop) (n) tap crazy person (n) mox crab that lives on land in cold areas (n) ixterix crazy, go mad (v) moxirik crack (n) q’atq’ik crazy, somewhat crazy (n) tak crack (pot) (v) raqinik creak (furniture) (v) mäk’ crack (wood, house, pot) (v) raqij creak (tree) (v) k’ätz’ crack, crevice (n) paxinaq creaking of a tree (v) k’atzitzik cracked (adj) raqininaq cream-colored (adj) saqsoj cracked (pot) (adj) paxinaq create (iv) bitanik cracking sound or of breaking bone or stick (v) create (v) tik, winaqirik q’uplajik creation (n) bantajibal crag (n) pek creation (n) tiko’n cram into, force (v) min creator (n) winaqirisanel cramp (n) cho kiej credit (n) k’as cramp (n) cho’kiaj creep (v) juruj -ib cramp (n) cho’kiaq crest of chicken’s head (n) perpex cramp (n) cho’kiej crest of rooster (n) pärex cramp, charley horse (seen as calling to crestfallen (sadness) (adj) yuxulik become diviner) (n) chokej crevice, crack (n) paxinaq cramps in stomach (if recurrent, calling to be cricket (Momostenango) (n) lol ajq’ij) (n) yitz’inaq pamaj cricket (n) sik’il aq’ab cramps, strong cramps (stomach or menstral) cricket (n) xi’l (n) yitz’itz’ cricket (n) xir crane fly (madre de la culebra) (n) i’j cricket chirp (n) xiririk crane fly (n) xam cricket, Jerusalem cricket (n) ak’al crash (as a stack of items imperfectly cried for (adj) oq’etalik balanced) (v) tulututik criminal (n) banal etzelal crash (car against something) (v) puk’ij -ib criminal (n) banal k’ä’x crash (car) (v) chikoj cripple (n) ch’oka crash (sound of something heavy dropping) (v) cripple (n) ch’oko’ jilik crippled (adj) jech’ -aqan crash together (two cars) (v) potz’ -ib crippled person (n) ch’akoj cripples (n-plural) ch’okojib 185 critic, person who criticizes (n) yuch’unel crucify (v) q’oskäbik criticism (n) yoq’bal crumb (n) muchu’l criticism (n) yoq’onik crumb (of bread) (n) xe’r criticize (directly not behind back) (v) crumble (dry cheese) (v) wachachik yoq’owik crumble (poorly baked adobe brick) (v) criticize (tv1) yoq’ waqlajik criticize (v) yuch’unik crumble (v) muchu’lulik, ban muchul criticize something (v) yuch’uj crumble to dust (v) poqlajirik croak (frog, toad) (v) q’ururik crumble, fall to pieces (v) muchmubik croak (v) q’alaq’atik crumble, sink (earth in earthquake) (v) crocodile (n) ayin jobjobik crooked (adj) balom crumbled (adj) muchum crooked (adj) jech’ejik crumbled (bread) (adj) muchmubinaq crooked (adj) q’usq’ik crumbs (of bread) (n) xarak’ crooked (pack on animal) (v) jech’najik crumbs, leftovers (n) muchu’l taq wa crooked (pack on horse) (adj) jech’ crumple (v) bach’uyirik cross (n) kajbal crumple up (paper) (tv1) jech’ cross (n) ripibal crumple up (tv1) q’uch cross (sea, river, road) (v) ok’owik crumpled (adj) q’ochq’obinaq cross (v) q’axaj crumpled (paper) (adj) bach’uy cross bar (n) k’opibal, tok’opibal crumpled up (paper) (adj) jech’ cross legs (v) ch’oqej -aqan crunch (sound of eating something hard) (v) cross out (tv1) chup muk’uk’ik cross over something (v) q’eba’ crunch (v) muq’uk’ej, muq’uk’ik cross street, river or lake (v) q’axik crunch (with mouth) (v) mutzutzik cross, wooden cross (n) kajbal che’ crunching sound (n) mutzutz cross-beam, lintel (n) wapalil crush (as in a body part) (v) pach’alej cross-eyed (n) jech’ -baq’wäch crush (person by heavy object) (v) xuklej cross-eyed (n) -riqom rib u boq’och crush (tv1) pach’ crossroads (n-Esp) krus be crush (v) paxij crotch (n) -xol ri -achaq crush (v) wach’ crouch (v) ch’ucubaj crush clots, clusters (milk) (v) tukuj crouch, squat (v) wuch’baj crush with fingers or fingernails (ant, flea) (v) crow (as a rooster) (v) oq’ik puch’ crow (n) joj crushed (adj) wach’om crow (rooster in morning) (v) tzintzirqi’nik crushed rock (n) muchu’l abaj crow (rooster) (v) tziq’irinik crushed, flattened (hat when sat on) (adj) patz’ crowd (v) latz’obik crutch (n) mulet crowded (adj) latz’ crutches (n) binabal crowded (adj) latz’ -wäch cry (animal) (v) witz’itz’ik crowded (adj) tzatz cry (dog) (v) wayanik crown (n) ja’j cry (dog) (v) wayayik crucified (adj) ripilik cry (dog) (v) wayinik crucifier (n) ripinel cry (v) oq’ik crucifixion (n) ripinem cry bitterly (v) juyuwik, k’uyuwik crucify (tv1) rip cry for someone or something (v) oq’ej 186 cry for something (v) oq’etaj curse (v) itzelxik cry of horror (n) itzel sik’ curse (v) k’oqoj, k’iäq pa itzel, k’iäq itzel tzij cry out in grief (v) k’is -ib che oq’ej p-wi’ cry, whine (from illness, pain) (v) puch’inik curse to Dios Mundo against someone (to cry-baby (adult) (n) koq’ik cause illness) (n) cha-q’abaj cry-baby (n) puch’ curser, person causing evil eye (n) k’uxunel crybaby (adj) ch’e’r curve in the road (n) -ch’uk be crystal clear (water) (adj) xaxtzintzoj curved (adj) ch’okoch’ik crystalline clear (adj) ch’ajch’oj curved (adj) q’usulik cuatrojos bird (blue) (n) xkur custom (n) k’amaninaq cubic (adj) kajkaj custom (n) naq’atisabal cudgel (n) ch’ami’y cut (adj) qupim cudgel (n) q’osibal cut (adj) sokotajinaq cuilin fish (n) mutzutz cut (branch from tree) (tv1) ram culebra voladora (n) susum kumätz cut (flowers) (v) qopinik culebron snake (large snake) (n) ralxik cut (flowers, fruit) (tv1) tam cultivate a plot of land (v) abixinik cut (harvest) corn (v) jäch’anik cultivated garden (n) xoral cut (harvest) wheat (v) q’atanik cultivated plot (n) tiko’n, tikonijibal cut (hay, wheat) (adj) q’atom cultivation (of land) (n) tajin cut (leather, meat) (tv1) q’at Cunen (n) Kunen cut (paper, cloth, rubber-- as with scissors--see cup (n) qumbal also qupij) (v) qopij cup (n) sel cut (tree branch) (adj) ketkobinaq cup (n) uk’iabal cut (wheat) (v) q’atoj cup of something (n) jupaj cut away (peal, cut grass) (tv1) jos cup, clay (n) xa’r cut by machete (adj) toyon cup, gourd cup (often used to hold water) (n) cut cloth (v) t’oyenik k’o’x cut down (adj) ch’oyom cup, gourd cup (to carry seeds, water, food) (n) cut down (tree) (adj) ketom tol cut down (tree, corn plant) (v) ch’oy curdle (milk) (v) wuyij -ib cut down (v) ramij cure (n) kunabalil cut fruit or flowers one by one by hand (v) cure (n) utzirik ch’up cure (tv2) kunaj cut hair (v) esaj -wi’ cure (v) kunanik cut hair (v) sokaj -wi’ cured (adj) kunabexik cut hole in something (mouse) (v) teq’etobik curl (v) bototej cut in pieces (v) pusik curl up (dog) (v) kotolik cut in two (fruit or wound) (tv1) paq’ curled up (animal with legs folded under the cut meat with a dull knife (v) q’ataq’atik body) (adj) kotolik cut meat with a sharp knife (v) pejejik curly headed (adj) muru’x cut off (adj) ketom curly-headed (colocho) (adj) k’olo’t ri -wi’ cut off (arm or branch) (v) ramij curly (adj) bototik cut off (tv1) q’at curse (n) itzinik cut off (v) ket apan curse (n) k’oq cut or chop in two (wood) [Toto] (cf. paq’) (v) curse (n) -wäch -q’ij toch’ 187 cut planks from a tree (v) serenik dancer who represents eagles in mythic dances cut self (v) sok -ib (n) ajk’ot cut self deeply (hand) (v) ketkobik dancer who represents lion in mythic dances cut short (clothing) (adj) tzok’ (n) ajkoj cut something evenly (grass) (tv1) set dancer who represents the sun (n) ajq’ij cut something in pieces (bread) (tv1) pus dancer who strikes with chicotes (n) ajpätzkar cut something not thick (with machete or axe) dancers (n) ajxojolab (tv1) ket dancing, sound of feet dancing (n) xajoj cut something with machete (vines, grass or dandruff (n) solot cane) (tv1) choy dandruff (of person or animal) (n) -sal tz’i’ cut up (adj) pilom danger (n) toj cut up into pieces (bread) (adj) pusum dangerous (adj) xibibal cut up tree into logs (tv2) bolajij che’ dangle (v) tzayaba’ cut with a sharp knife (v) tzilnäjik dangling flesh of turkey’s beak (n) -chachal cut with dull machete (v) k’osnäjik no’s cut with machete (vines, grass) (tv1) chet dangling, hanging (adj) tzayalik cut with scissors (v) qupij dare (n) tzurik cutete fish (n) ixtilom dare (tv1) tzur cutting (n) ch’upum dare (v) tzurunik cylindrical (adj) bolobik dare to do something (tv1) koch’ cypress (n) k’isis dark blue (adj) kajkoj daddy long legs (n) chu awäj dark red color (adj) kiäq q’equm dahlia (n) tz’oloj kotz’i’j darkness (n) imuch’ dahlia flower (n) tuney darn (tv1) t’is daily (adv) pa q’ij date (calendar) (n) ajilabal daily (adv) ronojel q’ij date (fecha) (n) r-ajilabal q’ij daisy (n) xup date (n) -ajilbalil dalia silvestre (n) tuney date (n) q’eq ulew dam (n) q’atbal ja’ daub (mud on wall) (tv1) pil damage (n) kiäqasaq daughter firstborn (n) nabeal -mial damage something (v) ban itzel ch-e daughter of a female (n) al ali dammed (adj) chemelik daughter of a male (n) -al ali damp land (n) bulij ulew daughter of a male (n) mial dance (n) xajoj daughter-in-law (n) mialabal dance (n) xojoj daughter-in-law of female (n) alib dance (v) xojowik daughter-in-law of female (n) alibätz dance caller, person in charge of a dance dawn (dispersing darkness) (v) pakpatik performance (n) -xeel dawn (v) saqirik dance director (n) ajwäch dawn, at dawn (adv) aq’abil dance pole, palo volador (pole used for the day after tomorrow (n) kabij dance) (n) kaj che’, -che’ k’oy day before yesterday (n) kabijir dance socially (v) xajarik day in sacred calendar (n) Aq’abal dancer (n) ajxojoj day in the sacred calendar (n) Aj dancer (n) xojol day in the sacred calendar (n) Ajmak dancer in the Baile de Convites (n) ajxi’n day in the sacred calendar (n) Batz’ day in the sacred calendar (n) E 188 day in the sacred calendar (n) Imox declared (adj) q’alajisam day in the sacred calendar (n) Iq’ decompose (v) q’ayik day in the sacred calendar (n) Ix decorate (tv1) wiq day in the sacred calendar (n) Junajpu decorate (v) wiqik, wiqiqij day in the sacred calendar (n) K’at decorated (adj) wiqom day in the sacred calendar (n) Kame decorated (adj) wiqtal day in the sacred calendar (n) Kan decoration (flowers in house) (n) wiqibal day in the sacred calendar (n) Kaweq decorations (house for wedding) (n) etz’balil day in the sacred calendar (n) Kej decrepit with age (adj) ri’jite’ day in the sacred calendar (n) No’j dedicate self (v) jach -ib day in the sacred calendar (n) Q’anil dedication (n) yakik day in the sacred calendar (n) Tijax deep (adj) cho day in the sacred calendar (n) Toj deep (adj) cho -pam day in the sacred calendar (n) Tz’i’ deep (adj) naj -pam day in the sacred calendar (n) Tz’ikin deep well (n) pos day job (n) mokokil deer (n) masat day laborer (n) ajchiq’ij defeat (v) ch’äkanik Day of Rest (n) uxlanabal q’ij de-feather (tv1) boq day, by day (adv) pa q’ij defecate (v) chulunik day, designated day (n) q’eq ulew defective ear (n) yul xkinaj day, next day (adv) chukab q’ij defend (v) chajij day, same day (adv) junam q’ij defend (v) kolonik day, sun (n) q’ij defend self (v) to’ -ib daykeeper (n) ajq’ij defend someone (as a lawyer) (v) to’ -wi’ days, long days (n) nim u-pam q’ij defender (n) kolonel dead (adj) käminaq defender (n) to’l re dead person (n) käminaq deflate (ball) (v) so’sobik deaf (adj) so’r deflate (v) yobtajik, yobyobik deaf (adj) t’or deflated (adj) yobtajinaq deaf (adj) t’oy deformed (adj) yojoyik deaf [Toto] (adj) so’r deformed chicken (n) tu’x äk’ death (n) kämikal degrain (corn from cob) (tv1) biq death, image of death (n) kämpuch degrain (like corn grains from cob) (tv-1) deathly ill, near death (person) (adj) q’in k’et, beq debility (n) tuqar degrain corn cob (v) k’etenik debt (n) k’as Deity guardian of ancient customs, messenger debt, large (n) nimalaj k’asaj (n) Mam K’oxol debt, old debt (n) nimalaj k’asaj deity who comprises powers of world and decay (body) (v) poqlajirik tradition (n) Dios Mundo deceased, one who dies (n) kämel delay (v) beyesaj deceive (tv1) sub delay someone (tv-1) bey deceive (v) k’ajisaj, ban -qul delay, cause to be delayed (v) beyetajisaj deceive (v) subuj delicacies (n) jastaq re jiq’ol deceiver (n) subunel delicate (adj) t’on deception (n) subunik delicious (adj) je’lik kätijowik declare (v) q’alajisaj delicious (adj) ki’ 189 deliciousness (n) ki’l destiny (n) -ech -q’ij delinquent (n) xk’iaqat destiny (n) -ech wi delinquent juvenile (n) itzel ak’al destroy, take down (v) wulij deliver (v) jach destroy, wreck (v) yoj, sach -wäch, yojij deliver (v) ya’ pa q’ab destroyer (n) sachinel wächaj deltoid muscle of arm (n) -ch’o -q’ab detach (tv1) k’oq’ deluge (n) nimalaj jäb detach (v) k’ottajik demand restitution (for corn eaten by stray detach something hard (boards from a house) animal) (v) ch’a’ (tv1) k’ok demand return of something borrowed (v) ma’ developmentally disabled (adj) etzeltajinaq demand, plead, court, promise (v) tz’onoj -jolom demolish (v) qasaj, wulijik devil (n) itz demon (headless horse) who lives in devil (n) sachinel wächaj cemeteries (n) kiej maj u jolom devil (n) xut’äx demon (n) qoxtok devil, evil (n) itzel demon, large black goat demon with fiery eyes devour hungrily (v) webej (n) -ajaw chaq’ab dew (n) räxq’ab demon, whispering demon (n) witz’itz’il dew at night (seen as unhealthy) (n) räxq’ab demonstrate (tv1) k’ut diabetes (n) ki’ chulaj demonstration (n) k’utbal diaper (n) chocho’ dense (n) much’ulik diaper (n) is dent (v) yoq, wotz’wobisaj diaper (n) su’t dented (adj) wotz’wobinaq diaper (n) -uq ak’al dentist (n) ajware’ diarrhea (n) ik’ow pamaj dentition (n) wareyaj diarrhea (n) pomaj denude, uncover (v) sanaba’ diarrhea (n) torotaj pomaj departure (n) benam diarrhea, dysentary (bloody diarrhea) (n) kik’ deplumed chicken (n) ch’anax pomaj depth (n) najil dice (game) (n) sak descend (v) qajik dice (n) tzaqibal descend by foot (v) xulik dictionary (n) mululik tzij descended (adj) qajinaq die (v) kämik descendent (n) ija’l die of hunger (v) kämik che numik desert (n) k’olibal kätz’inowik Diego (n) Te’k deserving (adj) taqal ch-e difference (appearance or nature) (n) deserving (adj) ya’tal che -ok’owbem -ib deserving of pity (adj) toq’ob -wäch difference (n) jalbem -ib designate to do (v) chilbej different (adj) jalajoj designated day (n) q’eq ulew different (adj) jalan desire (n) rayi’n different (adj) man junam taj desire (n) rayibal difficulty (n) toj desire (v) rayij dig (tv1) k’ot desolate (adj) tz’inilik dig below something (dog digging beneath despise (v) k’ululaj wall) (v) räch dessert (n) kab dig out (v) k’otij destiny (n) ch’umilal dig up (v) k’otij 190 dig up dirt (v) lu’nik discuss (v) tzijonik digger (n) k’otonel disease on sheep’s mouth (n) suq digging, preparation of the fields for planting disemboweled (adj) pach’om by digging (n) joxk’im disentangle (tv1) sol dignitary (n) ajpop disgraced (adj) joxol diligence (n) sak’ajil disgusting (adj) xa’oj -ilik diligent (adj) sak’äj disgusting (adj) xa’ojbal diminish (v) ch’utinik disgusting (adj) xababal diminutive (used with animals) (adj) k’in disgusting (dog droppings, etc.) (adj) o’ dimly lit (v) moymotik disgusting (n) ajxi’n dimple (n) yob dish (n) laq diner (n) tijol dish of food accompanying tortillas (n) riki’l dining room (n) wa’ibal ja dishes (n) chokonisa’n dinner, evening meal (n) wa’im re xq’eq’al dishonor (a girl sexually) (v) eqlej dinnerware (n) laq dishonored (adj) joxol Dios Mundo (n-esp) Tiox Mundo dishwater (n) ch’ajbal dip between furrows (n) -xol q’et dislike (v) ila dip in thick liquid (tv1) t’in dislocate (v) salabataj dip, sop (bread in honey) (tv1) t’in dislocate (v) selebatajik dipper, ladel (n) pak’ dislocated or broken bone (n) q’ajinaq baq direct (v) k’am -be dismay (v) qajbej directional particle (part) wi dismiss (tv1) jach ubik directly (adv) jusuk’ disobedient (adj) man -niman taj directly (adv) kolom disobedient (adj) sal directly [Toto] (adv) suk’um disobedient (child) (adj) tz’i’ director (of a dance) (n) ajwäch disobey (v) k’ululanik dirt (n) tz’il

disorderly (adj) man k’o taj -suk’ dirt, body dirt (n) ch’iluj disorientation (n) sachbal ib dirt, clod of dirt (n) k’olok’ik ulew disparage (v) xutuj dirty (adj) tz’il disperse (v) tukij dirty (clothing) (adj) tz’ilobinaq disperse impediments, to clear (clouds) (v) dirty something (v) tz’ilobisaj pakanik dirty, has been made dirty (adj) tz’ilobtajinaq dispute (n) ch’o’jibal disabled person (n) ch’akoj dissolve (salt, sugar in water) (v) järik disappearance (n) sachikal distaff (for holding wool in spinning) (n) disarm (tv1) tur q’inobal disassebled, taken apart (car or machine) (adj) distance (naj u-xol -- far away) (n) xol turtubinaq distance between places (n) xol disassemble (tv1) tur distinct (adj) jalajoj discarded (adj) punulik distinct (adj) jalan disciple (n) tijoxel distinct (adj) jule’ chik disconnect (tv1) sol distinct (adj) xolotal discourse (n) tzij distribute (land to sons) (v) jach discover (v) eta’m chik distribute among (v) jach ch-wäch discovered (adj) ch’analik distributes effect of verb on various objects discovered (adj) riqtajinaq (part) taq 191 distributor (n) jachonel do a favor (v) ban toq’ob disturb (child in class) (v) xi’nik do a second time (v) kamulij disturb (v) tukij do good (v) utzinik ditch (n) k’otom do something in spare time (v) xolbej -q’ab dive (v) nim -ib pa ja’ do something little by little (v) wikiaj dive into water (v) puq’ij ubik -ib do something slothfully (v) saq’orij diversion (n) etz’anem do something with reluctance (work when divide (tv1) tas cold) (tv1) k’ey divide (v) toqkiej, jach, jach ubik do something with strength (v) kowij divide up unevenly (inheritance) (v) jech’ba’ do something without direction (v) t’it’obik divide, to break in half (v) pa’ij do well (v) utzinik divided (adj) pirom do witchcraft (v) itzinik divided (adj) tasalik dobsonfly (bad luck) (n) istzal divider (n) tasbal doctor (n) ajkun divination by stars (n) kajbalachil doctor (n) kunanel divination by tz’ite beans (n) baraj punto doctrine (n) ch’abal divination, title for tz’ite beans used in doer (n) banal divination (n) chak patan doer (n) banol divine (v) ch’obonik doesn’t remember (v) man käna’taj tä ch-e divine with tz’ite beans (v) ch’obonik dog (n) tz’i’ diviner (n) ajq’ij dog bite (n) qäb diviner (n) ch’obonel dogfight (v) waqatij diviner apprentice (n) eqomal doing, act of doing (n) banowik diviner specialist uses elegant prayers and doll (n) ala’s Latin liturgy (n) ajbix doll (n) poy diviner, "bone dresser"-- specialist diviner who doll, puppet (n) ala’s treats bone problems (n) wiqol baq domesticated animal (n) awaj re u-wo ja diviner, small idol used by diviners (n) alxik dominate (v) kuin ch-e diviner, spiritualist (revered specialist diviner dominion (n) q’ab conducts seances) (n) ajnawal mesa don, señor, sir (n) tat divining bundle (tz’ite beans, crystals, etc.) (n) done (adj) banom baraj done (adj) bantajinaq divinity (n) teojil donkey (n) pur division (n) ch’ob donkey (n-Span) bur division (within a community over doodle (tv1) juch’ controversy) (n) tasow ib door (n) -chi’ ja divorce (v) jach ubik door (n) okibal divorce (xujach rib ruk’ ri rixoqil) (v) jach -ib door (n) tz’apibal -uk’ door (n) tz’apip divulge (tv1) k’ut double over (paper or cloth) (tv1) bus divulge (v) esaj -tzijol double over (tv1) bot dizziness (n) k’ulum double over (v) mej dizziness (n) moxirik yabil double vision (n) ilokab dizziness (n) petibal wi’ double-edged (machete) (adj) kieb -ware’ dizzy, nausea (n) sutin -wäch doubt (n) sachibal k’ux do (v) ban, banik 192 doubt (v) ban kieb -k’ux, kiebalaj, kiebalaj dream something (see also achik’aj) (v) -k’ux, sach -k’ux ichik’aj, wachik’aj doubtful (adj) kieb -k’ux dreamt (adj) wachik’am doubtful (adj) ko dress (v) atz’iäqij, koj atz’iaq dough, bread dough when it is ready to be dress lavishly (for festival) (v) wiq -ib, wiqiqik baked (n) -k’u’x kaxlan wa dress, change way of dressing (like a dough, corn dough (n) q’or, q’or re ixim foreigner) (v) poysaj -ib dove (n) ixpumuy dressed heavily (many layers) (adj) soposik dove (n) palomäx dressed poorly (adj) yojoyik dove, rock dove (torcaza--paloma silvestre) (n) dressing (for wound) (n) yut’bal ut dribble (v) turuwik down (of bird) (n) pu’yul dried (fruit) (adj) yutu’t down below (prep) ikim dried (leather, old cloth) (adj) wotot down, below (adv) qaj dried chile (n) chaqi’j ik downhill grade (n) xulanik dried fish (n) pup dozen (adj) kablajuj -aqan dried mucous (n) jut drafter, person who scribbles, draws lines (n) dried plant for cleaning (n) q’ux juch’unel dried sap (n) wix drag (see chararej) (v) chorej dried tears (n) puruk drag away (child who doesn’t want to go) (v) drill (v) sutij charchatej ubik drill, instrument which makes holes or drills drag away (v) juruj (n) worol jul drag feet from fatigue (v) chararej -aqän drink (n) juqub drag something (tv2) chararej drink (v) kok’ja’nik drag yourself with one hand, seated (v) drink atole (v) uk’iaj, uk’ianik juqma’yik drink contents of vessel in one draught (v) drain (sore) (v) pujanik, pujaj takmij drain (tv1) tor drink fast (v) ch’obobej drain, storm drain (n) tz’ujbal drink made of corn dough and cacao (n) q’utuj draw (machete) (v) jusij drink slowly (liquids other than water) (v) draw (v) esaj -wäch ch-o wuj, esaj -ka’yibal qumuj draw (v) inchunik, juch’unik drink something (v) uk’iaj draw blood (v) choq’ik drink something thick (tv1) t’ab draw near (v) qibik drink thirstily (animal) (v) tz’ububej draw near to (v) qetetik drink voraciously (animal only) (tv1) chob draw on something (ri ak’al kujux u-wäch ri drink, cold drink (n) jorön xan) (tv1) jux -wäch drink, food and drink, general term (n) wa draw out a nail (v) torotobik uk’ia drawer half open (adj) wak’alik drink, hot drink (n) q’or drawing (n) juch’ drip (v) tz’uj, turuwik, tz’utuwik, tz’ujuwik drawn upon (adj) juch’um drip (water) (v) ch’etowik, ch’etetik dread (n) xibrib drive (car) (v) binisaj dread (n) xibrikil drive someone crazy (v) moxirisaj dream (n) achik’ drizzle (n) musmul dream (n) ichik’ drizzle (n) musmut jäb dream (v) achik’aj, achik’ik, wachik’ik drizzle (v) mususik, musmutik 193 drool (n) qaxaj during (prep) pa drop (n) juch’ut during the day (n) pa q’ij drop (n) jutz’ut dust (n) k’ajk’aj ulew drop (n) tz’uj dust (n) poq drop (v) tzaqik dust (n) poqlaj drop something (v) tzaq dust (n) qajqaj ulew drop something on the ground breaking it (v) dust (v) su’ pojij dust devil (n) sulk’um droplet (n) tz’et dust off feet (v) tot kan ri ulew che ri -aqan dropping (animal) (n) kis dust, rock dust (n) muchu’l abaj dropsy (n) sipojem dusty (road) (adj) puk’puj drown (v) jiq’ik, jiq’ dwarf (person, animal) (n) ponopik drum (n) -ij chij dwarfish (person) (adj) punupik drum (n) tun dye (for thread) (n) q’o’bal drum player (n) ajtunqul dye (n) tz’ajbal drum sound (n) tun dye (thread) (tv1) q’o’ drum, large drum (n) nim tum dye (v) tz’aj drum, small drum used in dances (n) la’j tun dyed (adj) tz’ajom drummer (n) ajq’ojom dyed (adj) tzajom drunkard (n) q’abarel dysentary (bloody diarrhea) (n) kik’ pomaj drunkenness (n) q’abarik dysentary (n) kik’ pamaj drunkenness, fallen (from drunkenness) (adj) each (adv) jujunal jalinik each one (adv) chkijujunal dry (adj) chaqi’j each one (adv) jujunal dry (v) tzajik, chaqi’jik, chaqi’jarik eagle (n) kot dry breast (n) k’äm eagles, dancer who represents eagles in mythic dry corn stalk (n) patz’an dances (n) ajk’ot dry cough (n) chaqi’j ojob ear (n) xikin dry out (v) wototik "ear armadillo" medicinal herb used to treat dry out by sun or fire (v) sa’lik, sa’ bone fracture (n) -xikin iboy dry season (n) saq’ij, saq q’ij ear of corn (dried) (n) jäl dry something (v) chaqi’jarisaj, chaqi’jisaj, ear of corn (ripe, undried) (n) äj tzaj ear of corn with corn grains which are dry with a cloth (v) su’ underdeveloped (n) tur dry, cracked skin (n) pa’k ear of corn with few grains (n) matz’ duck (n-esp) patäx ear of green corn (n) piqal, pi’q duck (v) wuq’wutik, pachi’k, chaqi’k ear wax (n) -xoq’olil -xikin, -achaq -xikin, Duck, Baile del Pato (n) Yuqum jolom patax -q’olaj -xikin, -q’olal -xikin dug (adj) k’otom ear, bad ear (n) yul xkinaj dull (adj) q’ipin u wi’ ear, defective ear (n) yul xkinaj dull (adj) xel u wi’ ear, having only one ear (adj) säluy dumb (adj) mem ear, missing one or two ears (adj) yul dumb, not clever (n) ajmox earache (n) toq’ xikin dump out (v) belowik earlier today (adv) mier dung beetle (n) tuktul achaq’ early (adj) a’tam dung fly (n) ixtuxutul achaq early (adj) libaj chi 194 early (adv) aq’ab ebony tree (n) -aqan k’uch early (adv) ata’m echo (n) -tun -tzij early (adv) chanim echo (v) tzalij u wäch -tzij, xojoj -tzij, early in the morning (adv) bajchi’ chojlinik early in the morning (adv) nim aq’ab eclipse (n) wäch t’oyom early in the morning (adv) nimaq’ab eclipse, solar (n) xkäm q’ij, käm q’ij early morning (n) aq’äb eczema (n) sal, tux earn (v) ch’elanik edge (blade) (n) -pu chi’ earn (wages) (v) ch’ek edge (knife) (n) ware’ earn a living (v) tzuqbej -ib edge (n) tza’m earring (n) -wi’ xikin edge (table) (n) chi’ earth (n) ulew edge eyelid (n) puq’ -baq’wäch earth shakes from thunder (v) tininik edge of town (n) tza’n ja earth tremor (n) yikiyot, kabraqan edge or tip of a hoe (n) -aqän rasrän earth, fertile or moist (soil) (adj) quq edible (adj) kätijik earth, hard earth (n) ixim ulew edible green (n) uq’ab earth, loose earth (n) poqlaj edible green leaf (n) ichäj earth, red earth (n) kiäq ulew edible shoots of the chayote (n) k’ixtan earthen wall (n-Esp) tapia’ educated (adj) nim -etamabal earthquake (n) kab raqan effervesce (v) wososik earthquake (n) kabraqan egg (n) saqmo’l earthquake sound (v) worq’otik egg white (n) -saqil saqmol earthworm (n) -unum ulew egg, colored (n) tz’iltzoj earwig insect (n) q’ipinel, tuxe’r awaj egg, spotted egg (n) ch’umil r-ij easily frightened (adj) xibrib egotistical (adj) xu’y east ("its coming out sun") (assoc. present or eight (num) wajxaqib future) (n) relibal q’ij eight hundred (num) lajujmuch’ east (n) urox xkut ri kaj eighteen (n) wajxaqlajuj Easter (n) Loq’alaj Q’ij eighteenth (num) uwajxaqlajuj easy (adj) katan -banik eighth (adj) uwajxaq easy (adj) man k’äx taj eighty (lit. "one total") (n) jumuch’ eat (v) tijik, wa’ik ejote (n) tzakoy eat delicately (like rabbit) (v) mutzmutik elastic (adj) ach’i’y eat leaves of plant (chicken to corn plant) (tv1) elbow (n) ch’uk t’ul elbow blow (n) t’ok eat leaves of stem leaving it barren (animal) elbow, blow with an elbow (n) ch’ukaj (v) t’ult’utej elder tree (n) tz’aloj che’ eat plants (rabbit or other animal) (v) elder tree (sauce) (n) tz’oloj che’ mich’mitik elder, old man (n) tata’, nima winaq eat something (tv1) tij elder, old person (n) ri’j winaq eat something (v) webaj elders, community elders (permanent office) eaten (adj) tijom who choose auxiliary officers (n) eater (n) tijol ajawab eater, picky eater (adj) nich’ che ri -wa elders, respected elders of community (n) eating place (n) wo’qibal k’amal be eating, the act of eating (n) tijbem, tijbem elected (adj) cha’om 195 elected (adj) kojom end (n) k’istajik elected (adj) tzukum end (v) k’isik electricity (n) q’aq’il end of the year (n) -k’isbal ri junab Elena (n) Auen end something (tv1) k’is elephant (n) r-aqän tix endure (v) ch’ij elephant ear plant (n) -xikin tix enduring, for a long time (adv) naj elevated, high (n) naj aq’aninaq enemy (n) xibal, k’ulel eleven (n) julajuj "great enemy" (Mam as sender of illness, eloquence (n) utzalaj bixik punishment) (n) Nimalaj K’ulel eloquent (adj) utzalaj -bixik energetic (adj) k’äqät emaciated (adj) q’itajnaq, nom engender (v) k’ojolaj embarassment (n) k’ix, k’ixbal engender children (man) (v) alk’ualaj embellish (v) wiqiqij engrave (v) ban -palaj embers, fan embers (v) xut’ij engulf with size (such as heavy load covers embers, hot coals (n) -achaq q’aq’ carrier) (v) lujujik embrace (parents) (v) laq’puj enjoy (v) kikot ch-e embrace (v) matz’ej enjoy hearing something (v) je’l -to embrace (v) q’alunik, q’aluj enjoy seeing something (v) je’l -il embrace, to hug (lovers) (v) takej -ib enlarge (v) nimarisaj, bonbik, nimarik embraced (adj) q’alum enmesh (tv1) xol embroider (tv1) q’o’ enough (adv) xuwi la’ embroidered güipil (n) q’o’m po’t ensure, to affirm (v) jikibanik embroidery (n) q’o’oj enter (v) ok, okik emerald (n) k’ua’l entering house, said when entering house (con employment, to offer a job or help (v) chi’j permiso) (exp) tar empower (v) ya’ chuq’ab entice (v) taqchi’j empty (adj) jamal -wäch entrance (act of entering) (n) okem empty (adj) man k’o taj -pam entrance (n) okibal, okbal empty (adj) tolonik entrust something to someone (v) oqxa’nij empty (field for house, land for a trail) (v) paq entrust something with someone (v) oqxa’nij empty (house, bath) (adj) jamalik -uk’ empty (house, market, city) (adj) tz’inilik entrusted something entrusted (n) oqxa’n empty (liquid from container) (tv1) yuj envious or jealous person (n) ajtititel empty (liquid) (v) yujunik envy (n) kisiyal, kiäqre’nik empty (of things) (tv1) jam envy (v) kiäqrayij empty [Toto] (adj) maj -pam envy someone (v) kiäqwachij, kiäqre’j empty something (v) esaj -wäch epilepsy (n) itzel kiaqiq’, nimalaj kaq’iq’ encino tree (evergreen oak) (n) baqit equal (adj) junam encircle (v) sutij -ij equinox (n) tz’aqat q’ij encircled (adj) sutim -ij equivalent (adj) junam, junam -uk’ encounter (v) riq, k’ulik erase (tv1) chup encounter illness, pain, trouble (v) riq k’ax erased (adj) josom -ij encourage (v) kikotisaj -anima’, ya’ chuq’ab erect (tv1) yak end (meeting) (n) to’tajem errand (mandado) (n) tajkil end (n) k’isbal errand (n) taqkil end (n) k’isik erroneous, in error (adj) sachinaq 196 erupt (v) xawik, xawaj q’aq’ example (which teaches something) (n) erupt (volcano-- xuporoj rib ri juyub) (v) poroj k’ambal no’j -ib exceed beyond (tv1) jal escape (v) toqij -ib, anej ch-wäch, to’taj excess (n) tz’abel, chibal, ch’aqat escape, flee, steal away (v) el chi –aqan exchange (v) k’ej, jalwächij esophagus (n) tunaq, tutu exchanged (adj) jalwächim espiritista, one who consults spirits, good excrement (human, animal) (n) achaq witch (n) ajmes excrement (n) kis esteemed (adj) loq’alaj excuse (n) esabal kib estimate (v) na’ execute by hanging (v) jitz’aj eternal (adj) junalik exhaustion (n) kosik eternity (n) chbe q’ij saq exhibit (n) ka’yem eunuch (n) tzeq’ exhort (v) bochi’j euphemism for body (n) juyubal exist (v) k’oli’k evaporate (v) tzajik existence (n) k’olem even though (adv) puch exotic plant (n) ula’ che’ even though (conj) pune expend (v) sach even though not (adv) punemna expense (n) sachom evening meal (n) wa’im re xq’eq’al expensive (adj) paqal -ajil evenly cut (bushes or trees) (adj) setom expensive (adj) paqalik evergreen oak (encina) (n) wit, skel, ponopik, expensive, costly (adj) paqalik kowilaj che’, räx che’ experience (v) riq no’j every day (adv) ronojel q’ij expert (adj) sibalaj -etam every month (adv) pa taq ik’, ronojel ik’ explain (v) ch’ob every once in a while (Jun taq pa’ kinbe pa ri explain (v) q’alajisaj, q’alajisaj jas u suk’ tinimit) (adv) jun taq pa’ explode (firecracker, bomb) (v) poq’ik every once in a while (tajin wi kinbek--I go explode something (v) poq’isaj once in a while) (adv) tajin wi explosion (n) poq’ik every time (adv) -onojel mul expression of doubt or repugnance (exc) chix evident (adj) q’alaj extend (cloth), stretch (v) lik’ -wäch evil (adj) itzel extend (v) riprobik, yuq evil (n) etzelal extended (adj) yuqum evil doer (n) banal k’ä’x extensive (adj) lik’ilik evil doer (n) banol k’ax, banal etzelal extensive (land owned by someone) (adj) evil eye (n) -baq’ winaq, k’uxum, -wi’ winaq, rit’irik -wa winaq extinguish (tv1) chup evil spell (n) itzinik extra (xuya’ jubiq’ u wi’ ri ixim--he gave a evil spirit (n) xibinel little extra corn) (n) wi’ evil witch (n) muqunel exudate (n) pus evil, devil (n) itzel eye (n) wäch, baq’wäch, boq’wäch, exact (adj) tz’aqat boq’äch exacting (adj) ch’ete’t eye infection (n) puch’ exaggerate (v) ya’ -wi’ ri kätzijonik, chaqi’ eye, corner of eye, nook (n) jutz -ya’ -wi’ eye, evil eye (n) -baq’ winaq, k’uxum, -wi’ examine (v) nik’oj winaq, -wa winaq example (n) k’utbal, k’ambal be eye, one-eyed (adj) potz’, tzoq’ 197 eye, sickness of the eye (n) yabwäch fall down, collapse (badly built wall) (v) eye, wall-eyed (leucoma of cornea) so has wilijik clouded eye (adj) po’r -baq’wäch fall down, collapse (wall, building) (v) tilitob eyebrow (n) metz’, -ismal -boq’ach uloq eyecolor other than brown (n) mex fall first drops of rain (v) mak’lajik ri jäb eyelash (n) -ismal -boq’ach, -ismal rij -boq’ach fall in love with (v) bochi’j eyelid (n) -ij boq’äch fall off (v) el ubik eyelid, edge eyelid (n) puq’ -baq’wäch fall off (wheel from cart) (v) jolkiej eyes, have blue eyes (v) qapow -boq’wäch fall on top of something (v) qajbej fabric or clothing left unfolded (adj) patz’alik fall to pieces, crumble (v) muchmubik fabricate (v) tz’aq, abanik fall, be shaken off (dandruff, scales, down, fabricator, one who fashions or fabricates (n) chaff, dust) (v) tototik tz’aqol fall, collapse (building, wall) (v) tilitobik face (n) wäch, palaj fallen (adj) qajinaq face of the earth (n) uwächulew fallen (from drunkenness) (adj) jalinik face of the sky (n) -wo kaj fallen (something large and cylindrical like a face to face (adv) wächaj cho wächaj log) (adj) jilinik face up, be face up (v) pak’i’k fallen over (tree in road) (adj) q’e’lik facial wrinkle (n) chukursal -palaj fallen to pieces (adj) muchmubinaq facing (prep) ch-wäch fallen to pieces (adj) muchum fade (beauty of woman) (v) bayij fallen, knocked down (adj) tzaqinaq fade (color when washed) (v) q’o’ -ib falling (n) q’abarik fade (v) q’ayaj falling meteor (n) sutz’ kumatz fail at something (v) ban itzel ch-e falling star (n) -achaq ch’imil fail to occur (wedding) (v) yojinik false (adj) poysaj, jalum, man k’o taj -cholaj, faint (n) petibal wi’ lawalo faint (v) chukuchubik falsehood (n) jalum faint from exhaustion (v) tuqarik family (n) achalaxik, chinamit, ja winaq, aj fair (n) me’x uwo -achoch faith (n) kojonik, kojobal family (of woman) (n) -wil faithful (adj) tz’aqat, jik family member (n) alaxik, achalal faithful (n) jikanel famine (n) wi’jal faithful person (n) kojonel famous (adj) etamatal -wäch faithful, have faith in something (adj) ku’l fan (n) xut’ibal, turbal -k’ux fan (v) turij fake (v) juluj fan embers (v) xut’ij fakial sore (from poor hygiene) (n) salpi’ch fan for fire (n) xut’ibal q’aq’ fall (v) qajik fang (n) nim -ware’ fall (v) tzaqik far, distance (naj u-xol -- far away) (n) xol fall across something (v) q’eba’ far, far away (adj) naj fall apart (v) yojinik farmer (n) tajinel, tikonel fall apart (v) yojtajik, waqlajik farmer peasant (n) ajpajuyub fall apart from over cooking (vegetables) (v) farmer, livestock farmer (v) tikol awaj lubi’k farmer, one who works fields in hills (n) fall asleep (foot) (v) sikirik ajpajuyub fall down (v) wolq’otila’ -ib farm-hand, laborer (n) tajinel 198 fashion (v) tz’aq feeder (n) tzuqunel fast (don’t eat, ayuno) (n) wemjik feeding (n) tzuqik fast (n) awamajik feeding trough (for animals) (n) echa’bal fast (v) mawanik feeding trough (for animals) (n) jukub fast ritually (v) mewa’ik feel better (v) nimajik fast, as a clock, or a person ahead of a group feel deeply about (v) salabaj -anima’ (adj) nabejinaq feel shame (v) k’ixik fastidious (adj) nich’, kich’ feel, to taste (v) na’ fat (adj) chom, chäq’, punupik feeling (n-Span) anima’ fat (animal) (adj) juponaj feet (tiny, as of baby) (n) pich fat (baby’s hand) (adj) sorosik fell (v) pulinik fat (n) cham fellow countryman (n) qa winaq fat (something small like a baby) (adj) bu’n fellow-man (n) -ach’ winaq fat and naked (adj) sanalik felt (adj) na’om fat, big (person) (adj) jusanaj female confraternity leader (wears veils and fat, from an animal (n) xepoyil burns incense) (n) chuchuxel fat, thick (adj) tebotiq female gender indicator (animals) (n) ati’t fat, very fat (adj) jilijik, sanasik female indicator (n) ixtu’x fate (n) -ech -q’ij, -ech wi, ch’umilal female quetzal (n) ati’ q’uq’ fate or luck (n) -wäch -q’ij feral, non-domesticated (adj) juyubal father (n) qajaw ferment (liquor) (v) q’obik father (n) tat ferment (v) mu’lik, ch’ämirik father (non-possessed form) (n) tat fertile (animals or people) (adj) alanel father or mother-in-law of a man (n) ji’ fertile (earth) (adj) q’obisam father-in-law of a female (n) alib tata’ fertile or moist (soil) (adj) quq father-in-law of a man (n) ji’ achi fertilize (fields) (v) ya’ mes, mesonik father-in-law of a man (n) ji’ tata’ fertilize (ground) (v) mesaj fatness (n) q’onq’otem, chomal fertilize (v) mesoj, chobresaj, koj mes fatten (animal) (v) q’obisaj fertilizer (n) mes fatten (v) chäq’ajisaj, chamarisaj, chäq’ajik festival (n) nima q’ij fatten something (animal) (v) chomirisaj fever (n) k’atän fatty (meat) (adj) q’än fever (n) q’aq’ fault (n) mak feverish (adj) k’atän ch-ij, q’aq’ ch-ij favor (n) utzil, toq’ob few (adj) jujun favored (adj) loq’ few days (n) kieb oxib q’ij, q’atatal q’ij, kieb favorite (adj) mas -qaj ch-wäch, loq’ ch-wäch oxib q’ij fear (n) xibrib, xim ib, xibrikil, xibinem fiance (male) (n) ji’ ätz fear (v) xej -ib fiance (n) ala bo’chi’nel, ali bo’chi’talik, ali fear, be afraid (v) na’ -ib, xij -ib ch’abem, ali -bo’chi’m, k’ulanem fearful person, scaredy-cat (adj) xibrib fiance, intended husband (n) ala bo’chi’nel feather (n) xik’ fiber of maguey (n) saq ki feathers (n) ismal fickle (adj) karasej fed, well-fed (animal) (adj) xinixik, xirxik fidget (as baby in crib) (v) tulku’ik fee, license fee (n) tojbal field mouse (n) saq ch’o feed (v) tzuqik, tzuq fiesta (n) ula’nem feed self (v) tzuq -ib fifteen (n) o’lajuj 199 fifteenth (num) ro’lajuj fine consistency (adj) kok’ fifth (adj) uro’ fine cord (n) k’a äm fifth (num) ro’ fine corn flour (n) k’äj fifty (n) nik’aj cient finely ground (adj) kok’ fig (n) wikox finger (n) -wi’ -q’ab fig tree (n) azete finger (v) ramij fig, cochineal (n) nochti’ finger, little (n) ch’i’p -q’ab, ukaj alk’ualaxel, fight (n) ch’o’jibal, oyowal ch’i’p kaq’ab fight (v) ch’o’jinik finger, middle finger (n) ukab alk’ualaxel fight against (v) q’atej finger, pinky (n) ch’i’p -q’ab fight bull (v) tzuruw ri wakax finger, ring finger (n) urox alk’ualaxel fight over something (v) ch’o’jij, t’ubij -ib finicky (adj) ch’il, ich’, nich’ puwi’ finicky eater (adj) nich’ che ri -wa fight to do something (v) tij -q’ij, tij -chuq’ab finish (a term in office or jail term) (v) suk’ubij fight, dogfight (v) waqatij finish (n) k’isbal fight, viciously (v) waqaqik finish (v) k’isik fighter (n) ch’o’jinel finish (v) to’tajik file (n) ware’ finish something (tv1) k’is fill (v) bitz’, nojik finished (adj) bantajinaq, k’isinaq fill by submerging vessel (in water to fill it) (v) finished eating (adj) tijom julq’upij fire (destructive) (n) k’atik fill completely (tv1) t’ok fire (n) porom, q’aq’ fill holes in adobe wall with mud (tv1) tz’aq fire someone (from job) (v) esäj bik xoq’ol pa ri jul cho ri xan fire someone (tv1) jach ubik fill in (v) tz’ekij fire sound (n) poroj fill one vessel from another vessel (tv2) bilij fire, blaze of fire (n) -reb q’aq’ fill out (v) sete’ik fire, burning place (n) porobal fill something (v) nojisaj fire, flame (r-ep q’aq-- flame of fire) (n) ep fill something well (net or bag) (v) xininej fire, place for fire (n) nuk’bal q’aq’ fill something with liquid (v) pulij fire, place where trash burned (n) porobal fill vessel by submerging it (v) puluj firecracker (n) ak filled (adj) xinixik, nojinaq firecracker, bombs used by the Catholics (n) aj filter, percolate (v) buxlunijik firefly (n) lem, q’aq’ chikop, kukuy, ch’um filth (n) tz’il
q’aq’, q’aq’ chikop filthy (adj) o’, xa’oj -ilik, xa’ojbal firewood (n) si’ filthy (clothing or person) (adj) pe’j firm (adj) ko fin, fish fin (n) xik’ re kär firmly fixed or planted (adj) tikilik final (adj) k’isbal, k’isik firmly founded (city amidst mountains) (adj) find (v) riq chak’alik find one’s self (in a new place) (v) k’am -wäch firmly set (adj) chak’alik find self in trouble or danger (v) ya’ -ib pa firmly set a day for something (v) ch’ik -q’ijol k’äx first (adj) nabe find shade (v) mujanik first appear (rays of sun in morning) (v) natatik fine (adj) nij first appear rays of sun (v) natat uloq ri u tun ri fine (n) tojbal mak, ja’e q’ij fine (writing ability, etc.) (v) mach’achik first days of summer (n) ajsikil saqil 200 first grinding of corn (tv1) chaq flat, laying flat (board on ground) (adj) peranik first ranked Mam (Year Bearer) (n) Kej flat-nosed (n) tzaratzik -tz’am first weeding (cornfield) (n) nabe chak flatten (v) qajbej, xuklej, li’lobisaj firstborn (n) nabeal flatten out something with a heavy object (v) firstborn daughter (n) nabeal -mial ripolobik firstly (adv) nabe flattened (hat when sat on) (adj) patz’ fish (n) kär flattened from blow or being trampled fish (v) chap kär, kärinik (trampled wheat) (adj) potz’pobinaq fish fin (n) xik’ re kär flautist (n) ajxul, ajelbal, ajsu’ fish hook (n) ch’ok flavor (n) ki’al fish little (n) ch’u’ flea (n) k’iaq fish net (n) k’at chapbal kär, chapbal kär flee (v) anejik fish, dried fish (n) pup flee (v) nimajik fish, minnow (n) ch’u’, say flee before (v) animaj ch-wäch fish, small fish from the coast (n) say flee, run away (v) animajik fisherman (n) chapal kär flee, to escape, to steal away (v) el chi –aqan fisherman, one who fishes (n) chapal kär flesh (n) tiojil, ti’jal, ti’j fishing pole (n) chapbal kär flex, bend (flexible object when fishy smell (n) xexal suspended-basket, pole) (v) lut’uwik fissure (n) q’atq’ik flicker (v) yubyutik, yupuyutik fist (n) k’olaj -q’ab flight (n) rapapem, rapinem fist blow (n) t’ok flint (n) wux, tok’, chay, wux abaj fistful (n) jumuq’, juloch flirt (n) tz’urunel, saramu’y fistfull (food for someone or something) (n) flirt (v) tzurunik, tzuj -ib jutzobaj flirt, one who flirts (n) tzujul rib fit, well-fitting (coat) (adj) taqal ch-e float (v) seyowik, binik p-wi’ ri ja’ five (num) job flock (n) jupuq five children (n) o’k’al flock of sheep (n) jumulaj chij five days ago (adv) ojbir flood (n) -wo ja’, peq’abala’, nima butik, five totals (n) o’much’ bulq’at ja’ fix (v) ban utz ch-e flood (v) nojik fix own food (v) tzuq -ib flood of tears (n) oq’ej fix something (v) ban -banik floor (kieb u-wiq we ja ri’--this house has two fixed firmly or planted (adj) tikilik floors) (n) wiq fixed in memory (adj) nak’al pa -jolom floor (n) tak’alibal, -pa ja fizz (v) wososik flop (v) luqulik flaccid (adj) poyopik flop about (because too large) (v) roqnajik flame (r-ep q’aq-- flame of fire) (n) ep floppy (dog’s ears) (adj) luqulik flare up (n) -reb q’aq’ flor de milpa (corn flower) (n) witzik’ flash on and off (v) yupnajik saqil flor granate amarillo (n) ch’ilip flat (as in land) (adj) lik’anik florid (person’s face) (adj) kiäq woywoj flat (land) (adj) taq’aj, li’lik, lia’nik flow (manar) (v) bulijik flat (land, table) (adj) lik’ilik flow in stream under pressure (water from flat (tray or plate) (adj) lapalik pipe) (v) toxoxik flat stones (used for washing clothes by river) flow slowly (large river) (v) bilbitik (n) tz’alam abaj flower (n) kotz’i’j, kotz’i’jal 201 flower (v) kotz’i’jik fold (tv1) bot, bus flower bud (n) -boxonil kotz’i’j fold (v) mej flower decoration (flowers in house) (n) fold arms (v) q’aluj -q’ab wiqibal fold hands (v) xim -q’ab flower garden (n) xoral, kotz’i’jbal, tikbal folded (adj) busulik, busum kotz’i’j folded in two (blanket) (adj) kieb -wäch flower nectar (n) -kab kotz’i’j folded, twisted, bent (adj) lukulik flower petal (n) -xaq kotz’i’j, kotz’i’jal folds (n) lichilik flower, dahlia flower (n) tuney foliage (n) yojax flower, flor granate amarillo (n) ch’ilip follow (v) k’ulmatäjik, terenik, terenej flower, gladiola flower (n) tzalon follow a certain path (v) chap -be flower, wild marigold (flor de muerto) (n) follow behind (v) teri’k parutz’ follow someone (v) q’atej flowers, bundle of wound flowers used when follow someone (v) terembej asking hand of girl (n) botz’oj follow someone without permission (v) flowers, white shrub flowers used medicinally nak’inik (n) -chachal be follower (n) terenel flowing water sound (v) roq’obala’ follower, one who follows (n) terenel flute (n) xul fondle, to rub, to stroke gently (head of baby) flute, bone flute (n) ch’aw baq (v) malama’ flute, chirimia flute (n) su’ fontanelle, soft spot on baby’s head (n) ja’j flute, Indian flute (chirimía) (n) ch’aw food (animal) (n) echa’ flutist (n) ajxul, ajelbal, ajsu’ food (corn or in general) (n) wa flutter (heart) (v) yupnajik food (n) tzuqubal fly (n) amolo, amalo food (possessive form) (n) -webal fly (v) rapapik, xik’inik, rapinik, ripipik, food and drink, general term (n) wa uk’ia xik’ik’ik food given to visiting guests at wedding or fly high in sky (bird) (v) paqi’ chikaj other occasion (n) ula’bal fly like a butterfly (v) raparatik food of the gods (n) boron fly, crane fly (madre de la culebra) (n) i’j food, careful about food (adj) ch’il fly, crane fly (n) xam food, non-corn (n) riki’l fly, dung fly (n) ixtuxutul achaq fool (n) nakanik fly, firefly (n) lem, q’aq’ chikop, kukuy, ch’um fool around (v) xaqenik q’aq’, q’aq’ chikop foolish (adj) tz’i’ fly, sand fly (n) okonel k’iaq foolishness (n) konil fly, small fly believed to contain the souls of foot, leg, step (nabe r-aqan ri ne’-baby’s first ancestors (n) natup step) (n) aqän fly, tábano (horsefly that bites horses) (n) footed bowl (n) ixkuri’l ixkatz footfalls, sound of walking (v) pok’naj -xäjäb foam (as in rabid dog) (n) wususik footpath (n) ch’utin be, alaj be, -q’ab be foam (drink or food) (n) puluw footprint (n) -etal -aqän foam (soap) (v) woqowik footprints (n) -k’olibal -aqan foam (v) puluwik footsteps sound (v) k’ojnojik u pa raqan foam, suds (soap) (n) woqow footsteps sound on hard surface (v) tanlajik fog (n) sutz’, sutz’ u-wächulew, mayul for (prep) ch-e fold (n) jumulaj chij, jupuq for (prep) -ech 202 for (prep) -umal -ech founded firmly (city amidst mountains) (adj) for a long time (adv) naj chak’alik for that reason (adv) xa ba cha’ fountain (n) relibal ja’ forage (n) q’ayes fountain of water (n) bulbux forbidden (adj) man ku-ya’ taj four (num) kajïb, kiejeb force (n) chuq’ab four totals (n) kajmuch’ force into (v) titz’ fourteen (n) kajlajuj force, cram into (v) min fourteenth (adj) ukajlajuj force, send, commant, compel to do something fourth (adj) ukaj (v) taq fourth ranked Mam (n) Iq’ forehead (n) -krusil ri -palaj fourth time (adv) kajmul forehead (n) -tz’alamal -palaj fox (n) yak, ati’t par forehead (n) -tzalam palaj fracture (bone), break (v) q’ajik foreign (adj) käxlan fractured (adj) q’ajinaq foreigner (n) ajbe’il, jule’ winaq, ula’ winaq fragrance (perfume, rain) (n) k’ok’ foreigner (n) käxlan winaq fragrant (adj) k’ok’ forest (n) k’ache’laj, kechelaj fragrant chile (n-esp) chiltep forest, land dedicated for wood (n) siwabal Francisco (n) Si’s forever (adv) amaq’el frankly (adv) q’alaj forever (n) chbe q’ij saq fray (pants with wear) (tv2) le’j forget (v) sach fray (rope or stalk) (tv1) laj forget (v) sach ch-e , sach pa freckle (n) ak’ <-palaj> -jolom freckles (n) ek’, xok q’eq’ -palaj forgetful in tasks (adj) käminaq free (adj) man tojotal taj, jamalik, sipam forgetful person (n) mox free (from jail) (tv1) tor forgets, doesn’t remember (v) man käna’taj tä free (horse in meadow) (adj) tzoqopitalik ch-e free, without cost (adj) man tojotal taj, sipam forgive (tv1) kuy freeway (n) nim be forgive (v) kuy -mak, sach -mak freewill (n) ajawam forgiveness (n) sachbal mak, kuyubal mak freeze (v) kowirik r-umal tew fork (branch of tree) (n) xa’t frenzy (n) ch’u’j fork of tree (n) -xa’til che’ frequently (adv) amaq’el forked pole (to prop branch, a symbol of man) fresh (adj) joror (n) kab che’ freshness, coolness, something refreshing (n) form (tv1) wok jororik form a dust cloud (v) puk’inik ulew fried (n) bolom form principles (v) jeqbej friend (n) achi’l, loq’ achi fornicate (v) riq -ib friendly (adj) kame’l fortify (v) kowirik fright (n) xibin ib fortunate (adj) utz -e frighten (v) xibinik, xibij fortune (u-k’u’x puaq) (n) -k’u’x puaq frightened (adj) xiribib fortune teller (n) ajkajbalach frightened, easily frightened (adj) xibrib forty (n) kawinaq frightening (adj) xibibal foul smelling (adj) xex frightening, something which is frightening (n) found (adj) riqtajinaq, riqom xibibal foundation (n) tikilibal, -xe’ ja frijol colorado (n) piley kinaq’ 203 fringe (edge of cloth) (n) chi’y, chiyichik gall (n) k’a fringe (on edge of shawl) (n) kiykik gall bladder (n) k’a frog (n) ixtutz’, tikoy gallina ciega (animalito eats rotten tree from (prep) ch-e stumps) (n) ikan from (prep) -e gallina espinuda (n) chinchin ec’, ch’il ek’ from (prep) pa gallop (v) xik’inik from afar (adv) naj game (n) etz’anem from now on (adv) kamik k’a che junalik game of the bull (n) tzuruj from there (adv) ajchila’ game with rubber ball (n) kik’ tz’enem from way over there (adv) ajchila’ gangrene (n) ch’äq front of a thigh (n) -wowa -aqan gaping (adj) k’abal -chi’ frost (n) tew, abäj tew, saq tew gaping (mouth) (adj) k’abak’ik frown (bis nu-wäch) (v) bis -wäch garbage (n) mes frozen (adj) ja’ tew garbanzo bean (n) karawan fruit (n) wächinik garden (n) tikonijibal fruit (n-esp) pruta garden, cultivated (n) xoral fruit of a tree (v) -wäch che’ garden, flower garden (n) xoral, kotz’i’jbal, fruit of the saguaro (pitahaya) (n) takrabaj tikbal kotz’i’j fry (egg) (v) polij garden, patch of ground reserved for garden fry (meat) (v) k’ilij (wheat, flowers, vegetables) (n) loch’oj fry (plantains or elote) (v) bol gardener (n) chajil kotz’i’j, chajal kotz’i’j fry (v) ch’ititij, wolqitila’ garlic (n) axux frying pan (n) kukub garlic, string of garlic hung on wall (n) ak’an frying pan (n-esp) xoltin gas (body) (n) sutz’ frypan for frying chile (n) k’ilibal ik gateway (n) -chi’ be fulfill (v) tz’aqatisaj gather (firewood) (tv1) k’al fulfill, to complete (v) tz’aqatik gather (tv1) mol full (adj) nojik, nojinaq gather (v) molotaj, sik’oj, mulij, mululik, full moon (n) tikilik ri ik’, nojinaq ik’ sik’ik full, stuffed full (bag, net of corn) (adj) gather fallen things w/ fingers (v) sik’ xaq’axik gather together (tv1) kuch fundamental (n) jeqbal gather together (tv1) mol funeral (n) muqnajik gather together (v) mulanik, mulij -ib funny (adj) kachik gather together and tie up (wheat, etc.) (tv1) funny, very funny joke (n) puk sibalaj tze’bal yat fur (n) ismal gather together, sew up (v) yuch’uj furrow (land) (n) bolaj gather up dough (tv1) yoq’ furrow (n) umul, mul, k’otom gathered (adj) molotaj, sik’om fury (n) ch’u’j gathers (n) lichilik fussy (about dress) (adj) ch’ete’t gavilansillo (n) wiswil fuzz (peach, person) (n) pu’y gelatinize (v) jajotik, jajoj fuzz ball (from blanket, wool kloth) (n) general term for food and drink (n) wa uk’ia sälot generation (n) ija’l fuzzy caterpillar (n) ixq’ayichäj generous (not puffed up) (adj) man nim tä gain (v) ch’ek -k’ux gain (v) ch’eki’k generous person (n) sipanel 204 genitals, polite term (n) awas get sharp pain (as tooth when drink cold) (v) gentleman (n) tata’ yuq’ukik gently (wind blowing) (adv) nojim get sick, become ill (v) qaj pa yabilal, yawajik gestures or hand signals (used when can’t get soaked (from rain) (v) ma’matik speak) (n) memal get stuck (v) jat’e’k get a rash (v) poparik get tangled up (sheep in thicket) (v) ra’lij -ib get angry (v) oyowarik get together (to do something) (v) kikuch get better (v) utzirik u-banik get blisters (v) poq’ik get twisted (v) jech’najik get blisters on feet (v) poq’ -aqan get up (v) walajik get body odor (v) xexanik get up early (v) walijik get close (v) naqajinik get up slowly (v) wakakik get cold (liquid) (v) bajajik get wet (v) ch’aqi’k get cramp in leg (v) k’am kumätz ri -aqan get wormy (corn) (v) pok’irik get dark (v) ok aq’ab get worse (v) nimatajik get dirty (v) tz’ilonik get wrinkled (v) bach’uyirik get dizzy (from sun, fear) (v) pe -wäch getting up (after being ill) (v) walijik get dizzy (v) sututik ghost (n) subunel, xibinel, busunel, muj get dressed up (v) patzik giblets (n) ch’olom sikil get drunk (v) q’abarik giblets (usually referring to beef) (n) -pam ti’j get fat (v) bosbotik gift (n) sipanik, sipabal get fat (v) q’obik gift from girlfriend or boyfriend (n) oqbal get free (cow from fenced area) (v) gift given before asking for something (n) tabal tzoqopitajik toq’ob get goosebumps (v) muxirik -baqil, sililik gift given to obtain the favor of a person (n) get grimy (v) xaqij ch’ababal get grimy (v) xaqirisaj gift of food at festival time (n) sipbal get hemorrhoids (v) sipojik -xut’ ginger (jengibre) (n-esp) xinxipre get hot (v) k’atänirik girl friend (n) sijuan, xinul get late (v) najtin ri q’ij, be q’ij girl ready for marriage, ripeness (n) q’änal get light (day when sun rises) (v) muqmutik girl who always walks with friends (n) get lost (v) jal -be wa’katel get mixed up in something (that shouldn’t) (v) girl, little girl when can walk (3-8) (n) nu’y titz’ -ib xol give (v) ya’ get mud on something (v) xoq’olij give a hard time (v) yoq’ik get naked (v) ch’anataj give a large crop (v) sibalaj -wächinik ri tikon get out of (rain) (v) to’taj give a shot (v) chuq’ get out of bed, throw self (out of bed) (v) k’äq give abundantly (blessings or food) (v) tojojej loq -ib give an account (v) ajilaj get ready (v) kolomaj -ib give an account (v) tzijonik get ready (v) suk’umaj -ib give an angry look at someone (v) ban -palaj get red from bite (or eyes from crying) (v) ch-e kiäqmomoj give an illness (v) sipaj -ib get revenge (v) ya’ -k’exel give as a gift (v) sipaj get revenge for (v) tzelej -wäch give authority (v) koj -eqle’n give back (v) tzelej 205 give birth (animals or people) (v) alanik gnaw on (animal on cloth or leather) (v) give birth to a child (v) alaj, il -wäch jun ne’ quch’ give credit (v) ya’ k’asaj gnaw on (rat on corn) (tv1) k’ux give fruit (v) wächinik go (iv) bek give fruit abundantly (crop) (v) wächinik ri go (Totonicapán) (v) ek tikon go about naked (v) ch’anch’atik give in excess (v) tz’abej go about spying (v) yak’unik give permission (v) ya’ -q’ij go across (v) q’ebaj give respect (v) nimaj go and (jaloq’o-- go and buy or jawila’-- go give shade to something (v) mujaj and see) (v) j- give something reluctantly or with stinginess go and (jaya’- go and give) (v) ja- (v) k’am -ij go and get something (v) jok give something stingily (food to workers) (v) go away (v) el ubik k’ek’etej, k’etetej go away you all! (phrase) jix give sparingly (food to hired laborers) (v) go away you! go! (phrase) jat k’amej rij go beyond (v) xalq’atij give stingily (v) xu’yaj go down (away from the speaker) (v) qaj ubik give thanks (v) k’amowaj go down (by foot from a mountain) (v) xulik give up (v) esaj -ib ch-e go down (v) qajik give water to (v) ja’aj go down (v) xulanik give with promise of replacement (tv1) jal go fast (bus) (v) jukukik given (adj) ya’tal, sipam go fast (v) anik giver (n) ya’nel, ya’xel go first (v) nabejik gizzard (n) pitz’k’iy go hurriedly (v) be anim gizzard (of bird) (n) pätzki’y go in fear (tv1) xibla -ib gladiola flower (n) tzalon go mad (dog) (v) ch’u’jarik glare (silver, glass) (v) req’apunik go mad, crazy (v) moxirik glare, stare without listening (v) tabatik go on horseback (v) kejbej glass (n) uk’iabal, buk’ul, sel go sitting every once in a while (due to age or glass, piece of broken glass (n) cha weakness) (v) t’uyma’nik glasses (n) ilbal go tick tock (clock, watch) (v) tzak’tzatik glitter (v) yamanik go to work on the coast (v) taq’ajanik globe (n) sirisik go together (v) junam -bek glorify (v) juluwirisaj go up high (bird in sky) (v) paqi’k glory (n) juluwem go with someone (v) terenej glue (n) nak’bal goad to make walk (v) yo’j glue (v) nak’, nak’aba’ goat (n) k’isïk’ glue something (v) nak’ba’, nak’ gobble (turkey) (v) kolokotik glued (adj) nak’om, nak’alik God (n) Qajaw glutton (n) jiq’ god (n) teox, teoj gnash (teeth) (v) quch’uch’ej God the Father (n) Qajawaxel gnat (n) üs God, Deity guardian of ancient customs, gnaw (v) k’ux, k’uxk’atik, kuluka’ messenger (n) Mam K’oxol gnaw off (bits from something hard with teeth) God, sacred, church (n) tiox (v) qul God, World Deity ("Round World"?) (n) Pachulum Mundo 206 god-daughter (of woman) (n) alabal ali gourd cup (often used to hold water) (n) k’o’x god-daughter, niece (of man) (n) gourd cup (to carry seeds, water, food) (n) tol mialabal gourd rattles (n) soch god-father (n) chuchtat gourd tree (guacal) (n) tzim godfather ("father before God") (n) tat cho tiox gourd used for cup or pitcher (jícara) (n) mulul godfather in baptism (n) q’alunel gourd, chilacoyote (white bottle godly person (n) tioxalaj winaq gourd--Cucurbita ficifolia) (n) q’oq’ god-mother (madrina) (n) nan cho Dios, gourd, large gourd (n) tzim nanyox gourd, seed of gourd (often toasted and eaten) godorniz (n) räk’ juyub (n) sikil god-son (n) k’ojolabal government (n) q’atbal tzij god-son (of woman) (n) alabal ala governor (n) q’atal tzij goiter (n) boj, wewech, bo’j, wäwech, tuyuq grab (tv1) chap gold (n) q’aq’ puaq grab (v) majanik gold mine (n) relibal oro grabbed (adj) chapom gold, copper (n) q’än puaq grackle (n) ch’ok goldfinch (n) chiu chiu graft (tv1) wiq golondrina bird (n) xipikär graft onto (v) nak’ gone (adj) benäq, binaq grain (n) ak’ gone (food) (adj) k’isinaq grain bin (n) k’äja, k’uja gone out (adj) elenaq grain given to pigs (n) salwa’t good (adj) utz grain of wheat (n) baq’wäch triko good afternoon (phrase) xeq’ij grammar (n) saqal ch’abal good evening (phrase) xok aq’ab grammatical conjugation (n) ch’abalil good morning (phrase) saqarik granadilla fruit (n) karna’t good! (exp) k’amo granary (n) k’uja, k’äja good, very good (exp) qis utz grandchild of man (n) -wi’ -mam goodbye (another speech) (phrase) ch’abej grandchild of woman (n) -wi’ -ati’t chik granddaughter (n) i’mam goodbye (another tomorrow) (phrase) chue’q grandeur (n) juluwem chik grandfather (n) nim -qajaw, mam goodbye (don’t fall down) (phrase) matzaqik grandfather, great grandfather (n) nim -mam goodness (n) utzil grandmother (n) ati’t, noy goods (n) jastaq grandmother, great grandmother (n) nim -ati’t goosebumps (n) maramaq ri’j, ek’ ri’j grandson (n) i’mam gopher (taltuza) (n) ba granulous (adj) bulij gopher hole (n) -jul ba grap something to take it away (v) majij gore (bull) (v) toq’onik grapes, bunch of (n) jutzayaj gore (tv1) toq’ grapple hook (n) xo’k gore (v) toq’ik, toq’oj grasp (tv1) chap, chap gossip (n) riq’ol tzij, ajtzijtal grass (n) q’ayes gossip (v) ban tzij grass, long (n) k’im gossip about (v) ch’aw ch-ij grass, to cut (tv1) jos gossip about someone (v) wixwit ch-ij grasshopper (n) sak’, kächo’pinik, lok gossipy person (n) riq’ol tzij grassy field (n) saq’umbal gotten worse (adj) nimatajinaq 207 grate, be gritty (poorly sifted grain) when eaten grind half-fine (grain) (tv1) tziya’ (v) mach’owik, mak’lajik grind something (tv1) waq grave (n) jul, muqul wi, muqubal, nimatajinaq grind something crunchy with teeth (tv1) gray (adj) salsoj, räx wa’choj muk’ gray (adj) sibsoj grind teeth (v) juch’uj -ware’, quch’uch’ gray haired (adj) saq wi’ -ware’ graze, eat plants (rabbit or other animal) (v) grind with feet (v) q’uchuq’a’ chaqan mich’mitik grinder, chile grinder (n) q’utbal ik grease (n) xepoyil grinder, hand mill or grinder (for chile) (n) grease (n-esp) manteka’ mulni’y grease (sebo) (n-esp) xepo’ grinding stone (n) ka’ greasy (soup) (v) kenketik grinding, second grinding of corn (v) kok’isaj, great (adj) nim -q’ij tzi’ great effort to save money for something (n) gristle (n) tiojilal jal k’as groan (n) jilowem "great enemy" (Mam as sender of illness, groan (pain) (v) jilowik punishment) (n) Nimalaj K’ulel groan (v) ch’iqik, sik’inik, oq’ik great grandfather (n) nim -mam groom, bridegroom (n) ji’ ätz great grandmother (n) nim -ati’t gross person (n) ajxi’n great man (n) nimalaj achi ground (adj) waqwoj great many (n) jumulaj ground (coffee) (adj) jok’om great power (n) nimalaj chuq’ab ground cacao (n) kiem peq great wall of stones (n) tz’aq ground chile (n) kiem ik’, uk’aj ik’ great-grandson or great-granddaughter (of ground finely (adj) kok’ man) (n) -xikin -mam grounds, coffee grounds (n) -xe’ kape greatness (n) amaqil, nimabal, nimal group (n) jumulaj greedy, not charitable (adj) ko -anima’ group (n) winaqil, ch’ob, juq’at, jupuq, juch’ob greeens, edible green (n) uq’ab group (persons or animals) (n) jule’ green (adj) räx group of five (n) q’ab, jobichal green bean, ejote (n) tzakoy group of four persons (n) kajichal green beans (n) käxlan kinaq’, räx kinaq’ group of persons who agree to help each other green color (adj) k’el at certain times (n) q’uch green color light (adj) räxroj group, large group of people (n) komon green like the grass (adj) räx räj u wo ri q’ayes grove (n) k’ache’laj green parrot (n) k’el grow (corn plants) (v) k’iyik green snake (n) räx aqan grow (plant over the earth) (v) riprip cho ulew grey (adj) chaj r-ij grow (v) k’i’yik grey (adj) salsoj, räx wa’choj grow fuzz (v) pu’yuyik griddle, clay griddle (comal) (n) xot grow in number (v) k’iyarik grieve (v) t’uyuwik grow in number (v) poq’ik grimace (v) jech’ -palaj grow old (v) ri’jobik grind (as in beans) (v) q’osinik grow, increase in number (v) k’iarik grind (beans, corn, sugar cane) (v) kie’j grow, increase in size (town, river with water) grind (coffee, beans) (v) jok’ (v) nimarik grind (corn) (v) ke’j, ke’, ke’nik growl (stomach) (n) q’ululik -pam grind finely (v) kok’isaj growl (stomach) (v) q’ururik 208 growl (v) jininik gulp something down (water when thirsty) (v) grown, matured (corn plant which has formed toblej ears) (n) balabik gulp water (v) ch’obobej grudge (n) muqul pa -anima’ gum (n) käch’ grumble (n) wixwitem gum disease (n) muq’e grumble, quarrel (v) yajonik gums (dental) (n) -tiojil ware’ grumbler (n) yajonel gun (n) q’aq’ grunt (v) chqowik gusano alambre (worm that eats planted corn grunt, howl (v) wetz’ seed) (n) baq chikop guard (police guard a building) (v) laq’abej gush (water, blood) (v) pixkonik guard (v) chajij gushing, sound of gushing liquid (water from a guard (v) chajinik pipe) (v) woxoxik guard, night watchman (n) waranel gust (wind) (v) xut’ut’ik guarda barrancos (bird) (n) chajil siwan, guts (n) pam chajinel siwan, chajal siwan gutted (adj) pach’om guardabarranco bird (n) sik’il siwan gutter (n) tz’ujbal guarded (adj) k’olotalik gypsum, piece used by weavers to dry fingers guardian (n) chajinel (tizate) (n) saqkab guardian of mountains (title of Dios Mundo) haba (n) käxlan kinaq’ (n) Juyubal haba bean (n) jawux Guatemala City (n) Armita, Ermita haba, soup of haba beans (n) tzin kinaq’ guava (from guayaba) (n-esp) wayawa habas (v) bol guava (n) ikiaq, kaq’ habas, pulique de habas (thick drink made of guava pequeña (n) kiaq’ ch’am habas) (n) tzäyam guess (v) ch’ek habitation (n) k’olem guess (v) ch’ob, chäk hacerse panda (v) mejmobik guest (n) sik’im, ula’ had intended (n) chomam guicoy squash (güicoy or ayote) (n) mukun haggle for price (v) chuinik guide (n) k’amal be, k’amol be hail (n) saqbach, ismal guide (v) jach bik pa ri be, k’am -be hail (v) saqbachinik guide (v) yuq’ej hair of arm (n) -ismal q’ab guileless (adj) xa jun -wäch hair of the head (n) wi’ guilty party, person at fault (n) makunel hair, comb hair (v) xiy -wi’ guilty person (n) makunel hair, combed (adj) uxiyom -wi guilty, one who is guilty (n) ajmak hair, white haired (adj) saq wi’ guipil (Toto) (n) pe’r hairy (adj) k’ix, patzapik, patz -wi’, patz r-ij güipil blouse (Momostenango) (n) po’t hairy person (long hair, bearded) (adj) patz güipil with ancient-style adornment (n) q’o’m -jolom guisquil shoots, tender and edible (n) -tza’m half (n) nik’aj, junik’aj, nik’iaj ch’ima half an hour (n) nik’aj or güisquil (n) k’ix half bent over (adj) chiqichoj güisquil (Sechium edule) (n) ch’ima half moon (n) nik’aj ri ik’ gully (n) siwan half open (adj) k’abal gulp (n) jujek’o, juqub half open drawer (adj) wak’alik gulp (tv1) biq’ half-boiled (beans so still hard) (adj) räxk’ux gulp (water when thirsty) (v) turq’ij 209 half-burned wood from fire (u-tza’m si’) (n) hang something (coat on tree limb) (v) -tza’m si’ tzayaba’ half-cold (adj) säq hang up (piece of meat) (v) xekeba’ half-do something (adv) säqi’n hang up (v) xekebaj, tzaibaj half-grown plant (n) kamow hanging (adj) xekelik half-heartedly (adv) kieb -wäch hanging out, not tucked in (shirt tail) (v) telik half-hot (adj) säq hangnail (n) buk half-open (door or gate) (adj) takalik happen (v) k’ulmatäjik half-tasty (lacking full extent of nature) (adj) happenings (n) pop säq happiness (n) kikotemal, bix half-untied (adj) kirkobinaq happiness (n) meq’owemal hallway (n) ch’utin be ja harass (brother) (tv2) le’j hammer (n) q’osibal klawux, bajibal, q’osq’ob, harass (v) ya’ latz’ ch-e, tzurunik q’osibal harass or molest (little brother) (tv1) yuch’ hammer (v) q’osij harassed (adj) quch’um hammer in (nail) (tv1) ch’ik harassment (n) tzurunik hammer, nail, screw, put on tightly (v) bajij hard earth (n) ixim ulew hammock (n) k’a’m, ab hard working, not lazy (adj) sak’äj hand (n) q’ab hard, very hard (adj) kowilaj hand mill (n) q’utbal ik, tukubal harden (v) abäjirik, ko -elik hand mill or grinder (for chile) (n) mulni’y harden something (v) kowirisaj hand over (v) ya’ pa q’ab, jach pa -q’ab hard-hearted (adj) ko -anima’ hand signal (n) membal hard (adj) ko hand writing (n) tz’ib hardly cooked (adj) sanko’ch hand, back of the hand (n) -ij -q’ab hare (n) imul hand, by hand (adj) q’abaj harm, injury (n) il hand, left hand (n) q’ab re ri moxq’ab harmful weeds (n) itzel q’ayes hand, on the other hand (adv) -jolom r-ib harness (of horse) (n) xalma’ hand, one handed (n) kut -q’ab harness, horse harness (n) eqanbal kiej handed over (adj) jachtajik harp (n) kopetz handful (n) jutzobaj, jumulaj q’abaj, harrow (n) yoq’oj jumuq’, jumuq’ q’abaj, juyut’aj, harvest (coffee, fruit) (v) q’oloj k’olaj q’abaj harvest (n) wächinik handful (sticks) (n) juk’alaj harvest (v) yak, q’atoj handful of something (n) juloch harvest (wheat) (n) q’atoj handicapped person (n) ch’akoj harvest of things picked with fingers (coffee or handkerchief (n) su’t cotton) (n) makow handle (basket or pot) (n) q’ab harvest or pick something with fingers (cotton handle (tool) (n) aqän or beans) (tv1) mak handleless (pot) (adj) kut harvest, corn harvest (n) jäch’ hang around (v) tzukuj jas -ban harvest, cut (corn) (tv1) jäch’ hang by a nail (colgar) (v) kolobaj harvest, the day draws near for the harvest (v) hang out (v) saq’orinik qetet ri q’ij re ri jach’ hang out, just hang out (v) qasan q’ij harvested (wheat) (adj) q’atom hang self (v) jitz’aj -ib harvester (n) jäch’anel has been made dirty (adj) tz’ilobtajinaq 210 has pieces broken off (edge of table) (adj) have mercy (v) toq’obisaj -wäch wach’om -ij have mercy, compassion (v) elik -k’ux ch-ij has rash (skin) (adj) lo’tajinaq have patience (v) oq’atanik haste (n) aninäqil have patience with someone (tv1) koch’ hat (n) pwi’ have remorse about something (v) q’atut hat, brim of hat (n) -xaq pwi’ -anima’ ch-e hate (v) etzelaj, itzelxik, itzel -il, erej have sole ownership, monopolize (v) laq’puj hate someone (v) etzelaj -wach have something bad happen (v) taqalbej hatred (n) itzel k’uxaj have something happen by accident (v) haughtiness (n) nimal ri -k’amowik, nimal ri taqalbej -banik have split ends (hair--chetechik ri u tza’m ri u have (v) k’oli’k wi’) (adj) chetechik have a callous (v) poq’ik -q’ab have stomach cramps (iv) yitz’itz’ -pam have a child (v) k’oji’ alk’ual have threads coming loose (v) xiloxobik have a fever (v) k’o q’aq’ ch-ij, q’aq’arik have uncombed hair (v) chik’ikik have a good time (v) etz’anik having only one ear (adj) säluy have a happy face (v) ja’jat -wäch hawk, small (n) bix wil have a miscarriage (v) man -riq tä -q’ij ri -al hawk, young hawk (clis clis bird) (n) litz litz have abortion (v) man -riq tä -q’ij ri -al hawthorne (n) -chul kiej have air let out (v) yobtajik, yobyobik hay (n) saj k’im have an appetite (v) aj -wa haze (mist believed to carry divine knowledge) have been somewhere (adj) k’olinaq (n) mayul have been written (v) tz’ibaxik he, she, him, her, it (pro) are’ have birthday (v) tz’aqat -junab head (n) jolom have blue eyes (v) qapow -boq’wäch head ache (n) q’oxow jolomaj, q’oxowinaq have compassion, to have mercy (v) elik -k’ux jolom, k’ax jolom ch-ij head bowed (from humility, shame) (adj) have confidence in (v) jikiba’ -k’ux ch-ij yuxulik have confidence in (v) ku’b -k’ux ch-ij head of family (u wi’ u jolom ri have desires to eat something (v) jiq’jitik Antonio--father of Antonio) (n) -wi’ have diarrhea (v) k’o ja’ ch-pam -jolom have difficulty speaking (v) t’orlaj head of native auxiliary council (alcalde have faith in something (adj) ku’l -k’ux auxiliar) (n) ilol rech tinimit have hair stand on end (man or dog) (v) head priest-shaman of an entire town (usually wik’ik’ -baqil 2) (n) chuchqajaw rech tinimit have heartburn (v) jixix u-wo -k’ux headdress used in Sacapulas (n) xäq’ab have hiccups (v) pe tok’ox ch-e headless horse demon who lives in cemeteries have illicit sex (v) riq -ib (n) kiej maj u jolom have importance (Man k’o taj w-e ch-e) (v) k’o heal (tv2) kunaj -e ch-e heal (v) utzirisaj have indigestion (xch’eqi’ nu wa cho nu pam) heal self (v) kunaj -ib (v) ch’eqi’k, q’apirik health (n) utzil, -utzil wächaj have luster (v) qopkatik, tzururik healthy (adj) man k’o ä -yab, ko have many bends, turns (road, branch) (v) heap (n) mol kotma’yik heap of something (incense, corn) (n) chim have many teeth (adj) qatzatz -ware’ hear (v) ta 211 hearing impaired, someone hard of hearing (n) hen, brooding hen (n) tuq tak hen, cackle (hen after laying eggs) (v) hearken (v) tatabej toqtoqinik, tzarqi’nik heart (n) k’u’x hen, cackle (hen before laying eggs) (v) heart (n-Span) anima’ toqtotik heart (of lettuce or cabbage) (n) purnum hen, cackle (v) karakatik heart of corn grain (n) -anima’ ixim hen, gallina espinuda (n) chinchin ec’, ch’il ek’ heartburn (n) q’ipip hen, sound of hen before lays (v) qalaqatik hearth of a ritual shrine (n) awas her, he, she, him, it (pro) are’ hearth, cooking hearth (n) miq’bal herb (n) ichäj heat (of sun, fire) (n) -q’aq’al herb, "ear armadillo" medicinal herb used to heat (temperature outside) (n) q’aq’ treat bone fracture (n) -xikin iboy heat (v) q’aq’aj, miq’ik herb, pericón (herb, used for stomach aches) heat something (food, water) (tv1) miq’ (n) iya’ heat something with fire (v) ya’ q’aq’ ch-xe’ herd (cattle) (n) q’at heated (adj) miq’om herd (n) jupuq heater (n) miq’bal here (adv) jewa’, chiri’, waral, uloq heaven, windows of heaven (n) torbal kaj hermaphrodite (n) ixoq ama’ heavenly (adv) chikaj hermitage, life away from civilization (n) heavenly, in heaven (adj) chila’ chikaj k’ache’laj k’aslem heavenly, sent from heaven (adj) taqom chi kaj hero (n) q’alpul heavily dressed (many layers) (adj) soposik heron (garza) (n) sojsol heavily, with heavy tongue (v) t’ebnajik heron (n) atz’ heavy (adj) al hers, his, its (poss pro) u, r- heavy beard (n) q’ux hiccup (n) xtok’, xtuk’, tok’ox heavy rain (n) nimalaj jäb hiccup (v) ban tok’ox che heed, pay attention to someone’s counsel (v) ta hidden (adj) k’u’talik, awam, ch’aqataq -tzij hide (n) tz’um heel of foot (n) -xe’ -aqan, uxtu’xil hide (v) muqik, k’u’, owaj heel or sole of foot (n) -pa -aqan hide self (v) awaj -ib, k’u’ -ib, awaj height-- janipa r-aqan? how high is it (n) aqän hiding (so as to spy on something) (adj) height (n) aqänil wuq’ulik hell (n) xibilba, xibalba hierba de oveja (weeds which grow in shade help (n) to’banik used to feed horses) (n) säj help (v) chi’j hierba lechera plant (Euphorbia) (n) ixbut help (v) to’, to’ik high (adj) paqalik help one another to do something (v) to’ -ib high, elevated (n) naj aq’aninaq che u banik highland dove (n) tukumux helper (n) to’l re, to’banel highway (n) nim be helper, hired helper (n) to’banel highway robber (n) q’atel winaq hem (n) -chi’ ri -atziaq hike (n) wa’katem hemorrhage (n) toq’ hill (n) poj, mumus, juyub hen (n) ek’, ixtu’x ek’, xtu’x, let’ux, ati’t ak’, hill, anthill (n) mul tu’x, ixtu’x ek’ hilly road (n) tzalanik hen house (n) ochoch re äk’ him, her, he, she, it (pro) are’ hen sitting on eggs (n) t’uq ek’ hinder (v) titz’, q’atij 212 hinder (v) ya’ latz’ ch-e holely, something which has many holes (n) hire (v) mok worowobisam, worom hired (adj) mokom holiday (n) nima q’ij hired helper (n) to’banel holiday, celebration of a holiday (n) q’axbal his, hers, its (poss pro) u, r- nimaq’ij hiss (snake, cat) (v) jisisik hollow (tree) (adj) wok -pam history (n) ojer taq tzij holster (n) -achoch hit (adj) ch’ayom holy (adj) tioxalaj, tiox, loq’alaj hit (v) kajij, ch’ayinik, q’osij Holy Ghost (n) Loq’alaj Uxlabixel hit against something metal (knee against table Holy Week, Semana Santa (n) Awas Q’ij top) (tv1) wech’ home (n) -achoch, ochoch hit someone (tv1) tzaq’ home, at home (adv) cho ja hit something hard (v) xan, ch’ay home-made liquor (n) tzam re siwan hit with a stick (tv1) paq, tow, jich’ honest (adj) suk’ulik hit with elbow (tv1) t’ok honest (Toto), just (adj) suk’ hit with finger (v) t’in honest, saved, kept, honest (Momostenango) hive (honeybee) (n) k’o’xbin kab (adj) kolom hoarse (adj) ch’a’r pa -qul, chom pa -qul, ja’s honey (n) juyubal kab, räx kab -qul, ch’a’r honey bee (n) us kab hoarse, difficulty breathing (n) jasanik -qul honey flavored corn atole (n) poko’l hoarseness (n) jok’ok’ik honey made from sugar syrup (n) mu’ hoe (n-Span) asaron honey, wild honey (n) -wa’l che’ hoe ground (tv1) jos honor (n) no’jil hoe, edge or tip of a hoe (n) -aqän rasrän honor (v) nim -il wi, tz’aqatisaj, ya’ -q’ij hoe, sickle (n-Esp) jos honor with a festival (v) ok’owisaj hoeing ground process to make furrows (n) honored (adj) nim -q’ij majkolim taji’n honored counsel (n) loq’ pixab hold breath (v) q’atej -uxlab honored person (due to position) (n) tata’ hold hands (v) chap chbil -ib ri -q’ab hoof, talon, claw (bird), nail (finger) (n) hold in arms (v) q’aluj ixk’iaq hold it in low esteem (v) tzu’ -wäch hook (to hang clothes) (n) xekelibal hold on tight (on horse so don’t fall) (v) hook (to hang clothes, meat) (n) ch’ok matatej -ib hook, fish hook (n) ch’ok hold out (hand) (tv1) yuq hook, grapple hook (n) xo’k hold tightly (hand so don’t get lost) (v) matatej hook-shaped (adj) ch’okoch’ik hold tightly (v) xekej hoopoe (abubilla) bird (n) asich hold tightly in fist (v) muq’ej hoot (owl) (v) bixonik hold up (tv1) yak hop (rabbit) (v) pixk’anik hold up (v) uk’a’j hop (rapidly like a flea) (v) pixk’olajik hold with teeth (v) kayej hop (v) pixk’onik holder, one who holds in arms (n) q’alunel hope (n) ku’lbal k’ux hole (in wood, cloth) (n) teq’ horizon (n) -xe’ kaj, jula’ hole (n) jul horn, testicle (n) uk’a’ hole punched in it (adj) xortotik, xoroxik hornet (n) q’atzital hole, small hole (in door so can see out) (n) tel horror (n) xibinem horse (n) kej, kiej 213 horse blanket (n) su’bäl, tasbal kiej howl (v) awu’nik horse demon (headless) who lives in howl (v) wun cemeteries (n) kiej maj u jolom howl with pain (dog) (v) winik horse harness (n) eqanbal kiej howl, grunt (v) wetz’ horse stable (n) -wabal kiej Huehuetenango (n) Nabäjul horse strap (n) xk’iema hug (lovers), embrace (v) takej -ib horse, mare (n) ati’t kej hug (v) q’alunik, matz’ej horse, small (n) k’in kiej hug hard (v) matz’atz’ej horse, sobre sudadero of horse (n) tasbal huge (adj) bonbik horseback, go on horseback (v) kejbej huge jug for storing water (n) tinax horsefly (n) wonon, ixkatz hum (v) muyuyutik, riririk horsefly, tábano (horsefly that bites horses) (n) humanity (n) winaqil, saq winaqirem ixkatz humble (adj) kem, kame’l horseman (n) ajkiej, kiejenel humble self (before authority) (v) mek’ -ib horseshoe (n) ch’ich’ pa r-aqan kiej, -xajab humble self (v) mach’ -ib, matz -ib, won -ib kiej humbled, head bowed (from humility, shame) host (n) loq’oxik (adj) yuxulik hostel (n) oqxa’nibal humid (adj) räx hot (adj) k’atän humming bird (n) tz’unun hot (like chili) (adj) paqon hump (on animal or person) (n) wuq’uwik hot (liquids or food) (adj) meq’in hump-backed (person) (adj) q’usq’ik hot chile (n) q’ax hunchback (n) wuq’uwik uwo rachaq, pompik hot coals (n) -achaq q’aq’ r-ij hot drink (n) q’or hunched over (adj) wuq’ulik hot spring (n) wolqot hundred (jun toq--100) (num) toq hot sweat (n) k’atän hundred (n) o’k’al hot water (n) k’atän, meq’ina’ hunger (n) numik, wi’jal hotel (n) oqxa’nibal hunger, famine (n) wi’jal hotel, inn (n) oqxa’nibal hunt (v) chapik hour (n) ch’aqap q’ij hunt (v) k’iäqanik hour (n-Esp) or hunted (adj) tzukum house (n) ja hunter (n) k’iäqanel, tzukunel house steps (n) paqabilibal hurl self (v) k’iäq -ib house with gables (caballetes) (n) kiej ja hurl something (snake with a stick) (v) pichkij house with thatched roof (n) k’ima ja hurricane (n) salq’ut, nimalaj kaq’iq’, kiäqiq’ household shrine (often containing jab, sutul q’um, salq’um archaeological relics, papers) (n) mebil hurried, in a rush (adv) aninaq -ij how are you doing? (greeting) jasmächa’ hurriedly (adv) aninäq how many? (interrog) joropa? hurry (adv) chanim how much? how many? (interrog) janipa? hurry (n) anim how? (interrog) jas modo? hurry (v) sosotej, anik, kowij, animajik, koj however many (adv) janipa anim however many times (adv) janipa mul hurry at work (to finish early) (v) ch’uqbej however many times (interrog) joropa mul u-banik ri -chak howl (dog) (v) waynajik, wunik, awanik hurry over here (exp) tan uloq howl (n) itzel sik’, wayinik hurry self to do something (v) oqataj -ib ch-e 214 hurry someone (v) anej illness with vaginal flow (n) saq yabil hurry someone or something (v) anabej illnesses causing disorientation (n) q’abarik hurry to do something (v) sak’ajij illuminate (v) q’alajisaj, ya’ saq ch-e hurry up! (exp) wane’j, tan uloq illuminate something (v) tununej hurt (v) q’oxowik image of death (n) kämpuch hurt something (cargo hurts back) (tv1) juy imaginary animal--bird wildcat lion (n) pich’ husband (n) achajil yak koj husk (tv1) poch’ imaginary animal--winged monkey (n) pich’ husk, corn husk (n) jo’q k’oy husked (corn) (adj) jach’om imaginary, in imagination (adv) pa -k’ux husking tool (n) jach’obal imagine (v) k’utwächinik, ch’ob husky-voiced (adj) ja’s -qul imitate (v) ban we, esaj -wach hut (n) kabal imitated (adj) jalum hygienic (adj) ch’il imitator (n) elesal wächaj hygienic (upset by fly on plate) (adj) kich’ immediately (adv) aninaqil, aninäq, chanim hymnal, book of songs, hymns (n) bixobal immobile (adj) che’erinaq hypocrite (n) kieb -wäch, kieb -wäch, kieb immortal, siempre vive tree, flower -palaj (immortelle) (n) paxlaq I don’t know (exp) nik’ impede (v) q’atej I, me (pro) in impeded (n) bajim ice (n) abäj tew imperative, commanded from heaven (adj) icy (adj) juch’uch’ik taqom chi kaj idea (n) no’j, na’oj, no’jibal, chomanik important (adj) nim -q’ij, nim -banik, idealism (n) no’jil rajawaxik identical (adj) junam, xa junam, junam -wäch, important man (n) achi nim -banik junam -uk’ impossible (adj) man loq’ taj, man -ban taj identically (adv) xa junam kuinik idiot (n) nakanik imprisoned (adj) tz’apilik idol (n) iq, teox improvize something when not available (tv1) Idol worshipped in Santiago Atitlan (n-Esp) pon Maximon improvized (adj) ponom idol, small idol used by diviners (n) alxik impure (adj) tz’il idols, small stone idols (n) k’abawil impure (v) tz’ilonik if (conj) we impure, dirty (adj) xa manal if not (conj) wemna in (conj) chi ignorance (n) moxil, konil in (prep) ch-pam ignorant (adj) kon in (prep) pa iguana (n) o’on in a hurry (adv) aninaq -ij iguana (n-esp) iwan in a little while (adv) pa jun rato ill (adj) yawab in a moment (adv) kamik na ill, near death (person) (adj) q’in in a rush (adv) aninaq -ij illegal (adj) man chu-wäch taj ri q’atbal tzij in a week (adv) wuqubix apan illegal, not allowed (adj) man ku-ya’ taj in accordance with, like, as (adv) je jas illness (n) yabil in appearance (ri ali su’ulaj je’lik käpetik) illness from intestinal parasites (n) chikop (adv) su’ulaj yabil in error (adj) sachinaq 215 in four days (adv) kojej incubate (v) jupi’k in front of, next to (prep) cho le incubated (adj) jupulik in groups of three (adv) ox ox incurable (adj) man kunataj taj in heaven (adj) chila’ chikaj indecisive (n) kieb -wäch in heaven (adv) chikaj index finger (assoc. by ajq’ijab with in imagination (adv) pa -k’ux grandparents) (n) nabe alk’ualaxel in liquid form (ja’ u wäch ri cunabal) (adj) ja’ Indian altar (n) tabal -wäch Indian flute (chirimía) (n) ch’aw in middle of (prep) pa -nik’ajil indicate (tv1) k’ut in one year (adv) jun junab apan indication in sky that it will rain (n) raqbala’ in order that (adv) are chi indicator of doubt (adv) lo in pairs (adv) kakab indicator of feminine youth (adj) al in past times (adv) ojer indicator of interrogative (interrog) la in repose (adj) uxlaninaq indicator of negativity or doubtfulness (adv) taj in secret (adv) chi chawal, pa k’ask’atem indicator of ownership (prep) -e in the afternoon (adv) benäq’ij indicator of question [Totonicapán] (adv in the country (adv) pa juyub interrog) a in the night (adv) chaq’äb indigestion (iv) yitz’itz’ -pam in the open (adv) chi saqil indigestion (n) ajita’, ajit in the past (adv) nabe kanoq inept (adj) t’oy in the past (adv) najtir inexact weight (n) jik’om ri pajbal in the patio (adv) cho ja infant, newborn (n) kieqalaj loch’ in the sky (adv) chikaj infected (adj) puch’ in this way (adv) jewa’ infection in stomach (n) pamaj in three days (adv) oxij infection, urinary (n) q’än chul in, inside, in close (prep) köq inferior to (adj) ko’ol ch-wäch inability to speak (n) jasanik infested, worm-infested (wood) (adj) q’umar inability to urinate (n) tzapatajik -chul infinite (adj) nimabal incense (n) k’ok’, istorak inflame something (v) sipoj incense burner (n) tzaibal pom inflamed testicles (n) woq incense, copal incense (n) pom inflammation of the skin near fingernails (n) incense, small form of copal incense (n) k’o’x -boq’wäch top inch worm (n) etanel inflated (adj) pun incite to attack (v) tuwij influence, bad influence (n) susum incoherent (speech) (adj) man k’o taj -suk’ information (n) tzijobal incompetent (adj) pay ingenuous (adj) xa jun -wäch incompetent (n) pay ingrow (toenail) (v) pokopik ri -ixkiäq incomplete (adj) man tz’aqat taj inhabit (v) k’oji’k incorrect (adj) man qas tä je’, man je’ taj inhale, breathe in (v) jik’ -uxlab incorrect (adj) man qas tä suk’ inherit (v) echbej incorrect weight measurement (n) jik’om ri inheritance (n) jachibal, echbal pajbal initiate, do something without direction (v) increase (n) paqalem t’it’obik increase in number (v) k’iarik Initiation day for new diviners at increase in size (town, river with water) (v) Momostenango (n) Wajxaqib Batz’ nimarik inject (tv1) ch’ik 216 inject (v) chuq’ intended husband (n) ala bo’chi’nel injerto (type of fruit) (n) wa’is tulul intended, had intended (n) chomam injure (with knife, something sharp) (tv1) intention (n) chomam sok interest (n) tojbal injure something again which was previously interest (on debt) (n) -al ri puaq injured (tv1) ch’it interest on money (n) -al puaq injury, harm (n) il interior (n) pam inn (n) oqxa’nibal intermediary (n) q’axanel inner soul (receives supernatural messages) (n) interpreter (n) q’atal tzij, tzaqal tzij koyopa interpreter, translator (n) q’axal tzij innermost place (n) qas -anima’ interrogate (v) k’ot -chi’ innocent (adj) man k’o taj -mak interrupt (v) sach inquiry (n) ta’nik intestine, large (n) chomaq ixkolob insect (n) chikop intestines (n) ixkolob, ixko’l insect or worm which pertains to something intestines, small intestines (n) alaj taq ixkolob (grain, etc.) (n) -chikopil into (prep) pa insect, chiche (n) ch’ut introduce to someone (v) k’ut ch-wäch insect, cochineal (n) malin invent (v) abanik insect, earwig (n) q’ipinel, tuxe’r awaj invent something (v) nawalij insect, mariquita negra (biting insect) (n) investigate (crime) (v) sol -xe’ q’upunel investigate (v) tatabela’, tzukuj insect, sand fly (n) okonel k’iaq invisible (adj) man -ilitaj taj insecticide (n) kunabal invite (v) sik’ij insects that are found in corn silk (n) invited (adj) sik’im ixparpäjoq invited visitor (n) sik’im insecure, not confident (v) tz’i’arik iron (n) räx ch’ich’ inside (prep) ch-pam iron out wrinkles (v) esaj ri q’uchuq’iq’ inside, in, in close (prep) köq irritate (v) q’ironik insist (v) koj -chuq’ab irritated (adj) lo’tajinaq inspect (v) solij it (something close enough to be seen) (pro) ri’ inspect (v) tzolij, tzukuj, q’atuj, nik’oj it looks good (v) utz -ilik instantly (adv) aninaqil it, he, she, him, her (pro) are’ instrument used to winnow (n) jopibal itch (n) k’aqatik instrument which makes holes or drills (n) itch (on a person) (n) salk’äm worol jul itch (v) k’aqatik instrument which stirs or mixes (n) tukulibal itch (v) k’iaqatik instrument, jingling instrument (sonaja) (n) itch, mange, allergy (n) k’iaqat ch’inch’in its, his, hers (poss pro) u, r- instrument, sharpening instrument (n) banbal izote (n) k’oq ki, bokil u-ware’ ch’ich’, yekbal -ware’ jacket (n-esp) chake’t, koton insult (n) yoq’onik, yoq’bal jaguar (n) baläm insult (tv1) tzur, yoq’ik jail (n) che’, ko’k insult, speak badly of another (tv1) yoq’ jailed (adj) tz’apitalik intellect (n) k’u’x jar (n) xa’r, buk’ul, xaro’ intelligence (n) natabal, no’j, k’u’xilal, jar (n-esp) xaru’ no’jibal, chomabal 217 jar, large earthen jar (often used for water) (n) judicial staff (n) ch’ami’y q’ebal jug for straining nixtamal (n) ixchob jar, plastic jar for water (n) q’ayebal jug with handles (n) qebal jaundice (n) q’änal jug, huge jug for storing water (n) tinax jaw, lower jaw (n) kakate’, xere jug, large jug for storage (n) kukub jealous (adj) achixam juice (n) wa’l jealous about his wife (adj) achixam chrij ri jump (rabbit, frog) (v) ch’opinik rixoqil jump (v) pixk’onik jealous words (between spouses due to jump (when startled) (v) yatzlajik infidelity) (n) tz’i’alaj tzij jump over (v) chopinik jealousy (n) kiäqre’nik jump over something (fence) (v) xalq’atij jealousy (of brother) (n) ti’tem jump over something (v) xiq’apij, xiq’aj jelly-like (adj) jajoj jumping viper (n) timbo Jerusalem cricket (n) ak’al June Beetle (n) q’os jest (v) xaqenik, alachi’k jungle (n) itzel k’ächelaj, kechelaj jest, joke around (v) alachi’k juniper (n) k’isis jest, just be joking (v) xa -bij anaq juniper, chinchín (fruto del pino--juniper jewel (n) k’ua’l berry?) (n) ch’akuy jingling instrument (sonaja) (n) ch’inch’in just (adj) tz’aqat, suk’ulik, jik, suk’alaj job (n) mokokil just (adv) xa job, day job (n) mokokil just a little (adv) xa jubiq’ jocote (fruit--type of plum) (n) q’inom just be joking (v) xa -bij anaq Jocotenango San Bartolomé (n) Kampana abaj just hang out (v) qasan q’ij join (team or organization) (v) ok -uk’ just kidding (v) xa -bij anaq join (two wires, etc.) (tv1) nuk’ just, correct, honest (Toto) (adj) suk’ join things together (v) junamaj justice (n) suk’il, suk’umal join together (v) k’am -ib justice of the peace (n) q’atal tzij join two pieces together to lengthen (metal, juvenile delinquent (n) itzel ak’al rope) (v) tiq K’iche’ language (n) Katzijobal joint (n) ch’ek, q’osq’olik K’iche’ people (n) -al q’ij, ajk’iche’ winaq joke (n) etz’anem tzij, puk karma (debt accumulated to gods when commit joke around (v) alachi’k offenses) (n) k’asaj joke, just be joking (v) xa -bij anaq keep (tv1) k’ol joke, tell a joke (v) pukaj keep (v) k’olisaj joke, very funny joke (n) puk sibalaj tze’bal keep a vigil over (house) (v) loq’abej joker, practical joker (n) tz’urunel keep asking for a favor (v) xermij ri utzil José (n) Achep keep doing something (v) taqej journey (n) binem keep mouth closed to hold something in mouth joy (n) ja’jatemal (medicine) (v) muyej -chi’ Joyabaj (n) Xoy keep secret (v) man k’o tä -bij Juan (n) Xwan keep watch over (v) chajinik judge (n) q’atol tzij, q’atal tzij keep water in mouth (v) yumej judge (v) ch’ach’aj, q’at tzij p-wi’ keeper (n) chajinel judge someone (v) ban q’atow tzij p-wi’ kept (adj) k’olotalik judgment (n) q’atbal tzij, k’äjisabal wächaj, kerchief (n) payu’ chomanik kernels, corn kernels (dry) (n) ixim 218 kettle (n) bo’j, t’uy knocked down from blow (v) potz’pobik key (n) torobal knocked over (adj) pask’im key (n-Esp) lawe knot (n) wiqibal, t’orot’ik, yut’, ximon, K’iche’ language (n) Katzijobal ch’oxch’ik kick (in anger) (v) tultaj knot (rope) (n) ximom, t’or kick (n) qieq’ knot of tree or wood (n) kutz, k’ab kick (v) yaq’anik knotted (adj) ximitalik, ximom kidder (n) joso’nel knotty wood (n) kutz kidding around (n) etz’anem tzij know (v) eta’m kidnapper (n) majanel know someone (v) ch’ob -wäch, eta’m -wäch kidney (n) kinäq’ know, recognize (la kak’am u-q’ab ri xabano?) kill (v) kämisaj (v) k’am -q’ab killer (n) kämisanel knower (n) etamanel kind (n) -ach’ knowledge (n) etamabal, na’oj, natabal kindle (fire) (tv1) tzij, nuk’ knowledgeable person (n) etamanel kindle (fire) (v) nuk’ik known (adj) etamatal -wäch, etamatal king (n) ajawal, ajawinel, q’atal tzij, nima known, well-known (adj) q’alaj q’atal tzij, ajaw knuckle (n) q’atzq’alil kingdom (n) ajawibal kohlrabi (colinabo) (n) saqi’owaj kiss (n) tz’umanik laborer (farm-hand) (n) tajinel kiss (v) siq, tz’umaj, tz’umuj chi’ laborer, day laborer (n) ajchiq’ij kiss each other (v) tz’umaj -ib lack (käraj na jubiq’ atz’am --it needs a little kiss hard (v) tz’ububej salt) (v) aj na kiss passionately (v) tz’ub chi’ lack of sleep (n) k’ask’atem kisser (n) tz’umanel lacking (adj) man tz’aqat taj kitty (diminutive) (n) mix lacking confidence (adj) tz’i’arik -wäch knead (dough) (tv1) puq’ lacking plumage (adj) ta’n knead (dough) (v) yuq lacking salt (adj) säq tza knead (v) malalik, malama’ lacking sufficient sweetness (adj) säq ki’ kneaded (adj) yoq’om, puq’um lacking sugar (adj) ki’koj kneading instrument (n) puq’bal ladder (n) q’a’m, aq’anibal knee (n) ch’ek, -wi’ -a’ ladder step (n) -ware’ q’am knee cap (n) -jolom -ch’ek ladel, dipper (n) pak’ kneel (v) xuki’k, mej -aqän, ch’ekanik ladino (n) mu’s kneeling (adj) xukulik lady (n) nan kneeling, sitting on knees resting on crossed laid out (in coffin) (adj) tutz’ulik feet (adj) sepelik laid out flat (adj) lik’inik knife (n) q’atobal laid out flat (from illness) (adj) lia’nik knife, cut with a sharp knife (v) tzilnäjik lake (n) cho knock (as on a door) (v) k’ork’otik lamb (n) alaj chij knock (v) k’orok’ot lament (iv) bisonik knock down (flowers by wind) (v) talijisaj uloq lament (n) oq’ej knock down (house in wind) (v) q’olij lament (tv2) bisoj knock on something (v) k’ork’a’ lament bitterly (v) k’is -ib che oq’ej knock over (v) talkamij, wolqotij lamentable (adj) oq’ebal knock something over (v) takmij lamp (n) uk’abal q’aq’ 219 lance (n) bate’ largest crystal used by ajq’ij in divination (n) lancet, bloodletting instrument (n) tzitz ilol land (n) ulew laryngitis (n) jasanik, qulaj land dedicated for wood (n) siwabal larynx (n) xul land prepared with furrows for planting (n) lash, eyelash (n) -ismal -boq’ach, -ismal rij ch’loj -boq’ach land snail (n) t’ot’ lashing (n) jat’ibal land, damp land (n) bulij ulew lasso (n) -pu chi’ kolob landslide (n) ul lasso (v) k’äq kolob landslide (v) tilitob uloq last (adj) k’isba, k’isik language (n) ch’awibal, ch’abal last (n) k’isbal lantern (farol) (n) uk’abal q’aq’ last (v) man -ban taj itzel lard (n-esp) manteka’ last grinding of corn (v) kok’isaj lard from pig (n) tioxil aq last month (adv) jun ik’ kan large (adj) nim, nim -pam last night (n) chaq’ab iwir large (plural) (adj) nima’q last pile of tz’ite beans left over after large and floppy (clothing too big) (adj) divination ritual (n) baraj punto roqorik last year (adv) abir large and wide (something flat--blanket) (adj) last year (n) junabir lik’ilik last, end (n) k’istajik large bean (haba) (n) jawux kinaq’ lastly (adj) k’isbal re large black goat demon with fiery eyes (n) late (adj) ma’tam -ajaw chaq’ab late (adv) k’ä matan, keq’ij, mata’m large clay pot (n) bo’j later (adv) mata’m apanoq large debt (n) nimalaj k’asaj later (conj) k’äte ri’ large drum (n) nim tum laugh (n) tze’, tze’m large earthen jar (often used for water) (n) laugh (v) tze’nik q’ebal laugh at something (v) tze’j large gourd (n) tzim laugh out loud (v) ja’jatik large group of people (n) komon laughter (n) ja’jatemal large intestine (n) chomaq ixkolob launder (v) ch’ajomanik large jug for storage (n) kukub laundry (n) ch’ajon large leaf in which tamales are wrapped (n) laundry, clean laundry still wet (n) ch’ajon maxän laurel tree (n) -ch’amiy ajaw large mushroom (poisonous) (n) extan tolok law (n) pixab, jeqbal, q’atbal tzij large pot to store water (n) t’urubal lawn (n) saq’umbal large pustule (n) kisq’ay lawyer (n) tzaqal tzij large rock (n) xäq lawyer (v) kojol tzij large semi-nocturnal rodent (tepezcuintle) (n) lay aside (blanket, something covers) (v) jolij alaw lay egg (v) ya’ saqmol large snake (n) chiwekox lay eggs (hen) (v) sik’owik large spoon (particularly made from gourd) (n) lay something down (v) q’oyoba’ pak’ lay something down flat (v) periba’ large tamale taken on trips (n) tz’aqom layered, heavily dressed (adj) soposik large, very large (adj) qas nim laying down (adv) q’oyi’k larger than (adj) nim ch-wäch laying flat (board on ground) (adj) peranik 220 laying to one side, tilted, tipped (adj) tzaltzik leave (v) elik, el ubik laze (v) q’örij leave a message (v) bij kan laziness (n) q’oral, saq’oril leave behind (v) tzaq kan lazy (adj) q’ör leave behind (v) ya’ kanoq lazy man (n) xepo achi leave clothing unfolded (v) patz’aba’ lazy person (n) q’or, k’eyo, saq’or leave empty or vacant (v) toloba’ lead (v) k’am uloq -be, yuq’ej, k’am -be leave fabric unfolded (v) patz’ik lead by the hand or with a rope (v) yuq’enik leave lying on the ground (v) poba’ leader (n) ajpop, nimal, k’amal be leave on ground something large and flat (v) leader, female confraternity leader (wears veils laq’aba’ and burns incense) (n) chuchuxel leave something barred (door, window) (v) leaf (n) xaq, xaq k’opij kan leaf for wrapping tamales (n) q’anaq’ leave something half-open (door) (v) takaba’ leaf of ear of corn (n) jo’q leave something long and thick lying (tree leaf of soap plant (n) tzojon trunk) (v) jilba’ leaf, corn leaf (n) -xaq abix leave something undone (v) ch’eqba’ leaf, corn leaf used to wrap tamalitos (n) leave undone (v) ch’eqi’k tz’alik leaven (n) -k’u’x kaxlan wa, ch’äm leaf, edible green leaf (n) ichäj lecturer (n) tzijonel leaf, large leaf in which tamales are wrapped left (adj) moxq’ab (n) maxän left behind (adv) kan<öq> leafless (adj) t’ulum left hand (n) q’ab re ri moxq’ab leafy (adj) räx left lying on the ground (round objects) (adj) leak (from cracked pitcher) (v) tz’ujuwik ketelik leak (n) tz’uj left side (n) mox leak (v) turuwik, tz’uj, tz’utuwik leftovers (from meal) (n) ch’aqat, qax leak from a crack (v) bulijik leftovers (n) chibal lean (adj) salan leg, calf (n) pa ra lean (v) q’a’lik leg, foot, step (nabe r-aqan ri ne’-baby’s first lean against something (v) q’e’ -ib step) (n) aqän lean back (v) kotz’olik leg, part of the leg above the knee (n) a’ lean over (house from earthquake) (v) meji’k legal (adj) utz chu-wäch ri q’atbal tzij lean over (v) chaqi’k, pachaba’ legally (adv) pa ri q’atbal tzij lean over, bend over (v) pachi’k legend (n) ojer tzij, tzijoxik lean sideways (v) tzalanik lemon (n) alamnäx lean something over (v) xotoba’ lend (v) qaj, ya’ pa qajik, ya’ pa qajomal leap (v) k’iäq -ib lend something to be returned (tv1) qaj learn (v) eta’maj, tijoj -ib length (n) rabarik, najtil learning (n) eta’manik lengthen (pant leg) (tv1) wiq leather (n) tz’umal, tz’um lengthen (sleeves) (tv1) yuq leather (v) t’ubij lengthwise, placed lengthwise (rope laid out leather band with ropes used by porters unrolled) (adj) rabalik (mecapal) (n) patän lent (adj) qajom leather whip (n) ch’aqap tz’um, tz’um leprosy (n) sal leather, dried (leather, old cloth) (adj) wotot lesson (n) tijonem leather, made of (adj) banom che tz’um let’s go (dem) jo’ 221 letter (n) tz’ib lift with a lever (v) pichq’ij letter carrier, mail deliverer (n) jachol taq karta lift with the point of something (sliver with level (land for a house) (tv2) junumtaj needle) (v) pich level (land) (v) li’lobisaj light (adj) man al taj level something (ground prior to building light (adj) tzajo’j house) (v) lilobisaj light (candle or lamp) (v) t’iq level something (v) jikomaj light (candle) (tv1) tzij level, plain (n) -wa taq’aj light (n) saqil, saqilal levelled (land) (adj) li’lobisam light (torch used at night) (n) chäj liana (n) qul light fire (v) tzijik, juluj liar ("fabricator of words") (n) tz’aqol tzij light green color (adj) räxroj liar (n) banal tzij, joso’nel light of God (n) -tun ri Dios liar (n, adj) jo’s light on fire (v) k’atisaj liberate (v) tzoqopinik, tzoqopij light rain (n) musmul liberty (n) tzoqopitalik, tzoqopixil light red color (adj) kiäqkoj lice, chicken lice (n) sip light up (v) juluwik license fee (n) tojbal light yellow (adj) q’änkoj lichen (n) ratziaq che’ light, not heavy (adj) man al taj lick (tv1) riq’ lightning [Momos] (n) koyopa lid (n) ch’uqbal lightning [Toto] (n) kayapa’ lid (pot) (n) tz’apibal like (adv) je lid, eyelid (n) -ij boq’äch like (v) utz -qaj ch-wäch lie (n) banom tzij, joso’nik, xaq’abal chi’aj, like something (tv1) k’ul r-e juluj tzij like something (v) je’l -il, utz -il, utz -na’ lie (quadruped) (v) sotik like that (adv) jela’, jeri’ lie down (v) q’oyi’k like this (adv) jewa’ lie down for a rest (v) kotz’i’k like what one hears (v) utz -ta lie down on top of something (dog on clothes) like, as (prep) jacha’ (v) sokle’j like, as, in accordance with (adv) je jas lie down or lower a little (v) qaj liked, well-liked (adj) loq’ lie in wait to harm someone (taq na che ri achi) lime (n) chun, saq kab (adj) taq na ch-e lime (n-esp) lima’ lie on back (v) pak’i’k lime mixed with water for making tortillas lie on side (v) tzalanik (adj) polim lie on stomach (v) jupi’k lime peel (n) ij lie on top of something (v) kotz’obej lime used to thicken corn dough (n) chun ru lie, say something that is not true (v) xa -bij lime, sour (n) alamnäx life (n) k’aslem, k’aslemal lime, sweet lime (n-esp) alima’ life away from civilization (n) k’ache’laj limestone (n) chun k’aslem limit (n) tanalik lift (see yak) (v) yek, kuk’aj, aq’anisaj, limit of piece of land (n) k’ulbatil paqalisaj limp (v) tak’najik, ch’oknajik, ch’okopik, lift and carry in hands a long, heavy wooden ch’okowik object (v) takej ubik line (n) juch’, cholaj lift something heavy (tv2) ch’elej line up (v) chol lift up (v) paqaba’, tak’aba’ lineage (n) xe’al 222 link (chain) (n) tiqbal little while (n-esp) rato lintel, cross-beam (n) wapalil live (v) k’asi’k lion, dancer who represents lion in mythic live coal (n) aq’a’l dances (n) ajkoj live in a place (v) k’oji’k lips (n) chi’ live together (v) joch’ojik liquid (adj) ja’ -wäch liveliness (n) sak’ajil liquid, in liquid form (ja’ u wäch ri cunabal) liver (n) paror, saseb, poror, seseb (adj) ja’ -wäch livestock farmer (v) tikol awaj liquor (n) ama’ ja’ living together out of wedlock (adj) -riqom -ib liquor (n) ja’ lizard which carries bad luck (n) ixpa’ch liquor (n) kuxa susum liquor (n) tzam lizard, small lizard (n) ixpa’ch, xpa’ch liquor, home-made (n) tzam re siwan lizol (plant) (n) bolol lisp (v) lotolik load (n) eqa’n listen (v) ta’nik load, to fill up (v) balij listen attentively (v) tatabej loan (something to be returned) (n) qajomal listener (n) tal loan (to be returned with equivalent item or listener, one who listens to someone’s needs amount) (n) jalomal (n) tal -ech loaned (adj) qajom lit (candle or lamp) (adj) tzijtalik loathsome (adj) xa’oj -ilik, xa’ojbal litter (n) jupuq lock (n) ju’bal little (adj) alaj lock of hair (n) xekelibal re -wi’ little (adj) ko’l lock something (v) ju’ little (adj) nuch’ lock something (v) lawej little (adj) sin, xni’t locked (adj) lawetalik, ju’um, ju’talik little (liquid) (n) juqub log in fire) (v) nim little (liquids or measured things like sugar) (n) loiter (v) saq’orinik jubiq’ loiter (v) tzukuj jas -ban little (n) juch’in loiterer (n) xepu’ little (n) q’atatal long (adj) roqorik, naj, nim -aqän little (sugar or flour) (n) sta’q long (dress) (adj) tuqutik little activity (adj) tz’inilik long (face, nose) (adj) tak’atik little animal (n) chikop long (nose) (adj) tutz’utik little bee (n) us kab long (truck, neck) (adj) yuquyik little bit (n) sta’q long and flat (adj) rabarik little bit (salt, food) (n) jutz’it long arm hair (n) nimaq raqan ri rismal q’ab little boy when can walk (3-8) (n) lintat long days (n) nim u-pam q’ij little by little (adv) chi nojimal long grass (n) k’im little by little (adv) xa sta’qil long neck (adj) yuquyik u k’ul little by little (do work) (adv) taqbiq’al long silk woman’s blouse (n) xa little finger (n) ch’i’p -q’ab, ukaj alk’ualaxel, look after (v) chajij ch’i’p kaq’ab look after one’s self (v) chajij -ib little fish (n) ch’u’ look after someone (v) ilij little girl when can walk (3-8) (n) nu’y look at (v) ka’yisäj, ka’y che little ranch (n) kabal look at something (v) ka’yej little stone (n) wabäj look behind (v) ka’y kan chrij 223 look down on something (v) tzu’ -wäch lower (head in prayer) (v) yuxba’ look for (v) tzukuj lower abdomen (n) -xe’ -pam look like (v) je -wächin lower jaw (n) kakate’, xere look like (v) ka’yik lower something (v) qasaj look to kill (v) tzukuj -kamisaxik Lucero del sur (star) (n) Tap looked for (adj) tzukum luck (n) kochibal looks (n) ka’yibal luck or fate (n) -wäch -q’ij loom (n) kembal, q’alem luck, bad fortune (n) kiäqal saqil loop in rope (n) -pu chi’ kolob luck, dobsonfly (bad luck) (n) istzal loose (pack on a horse) (adj) cho’lik lucky (adj) utz -e loose (wedge) (adj) cho’l lukewarm water (n) säq meq’ina’ loose earth (n) poqlaj lumberjack, one who saws planks from tree (n) loose knot (n) suq ajtz’alam loose, large and floppy (clothing too big) (adj) lunar eclipse (n) xkäm ik’ roqorik lunar eclipse (v) käm ik’ loose-fitting (adj) cho’l lunch (n) wa re paq’ij loosely tied (adj) kirkobinaq lunch-mouth (n) jiq’ loosen (tv2) cho’pij lung (n) potzpo’y, pospo’y, patzpoy loosen (v) koronik, cho’lik lurk (v) yak’unik loosen or unfasten (petals from flowers) (v) lurk around (v) yuxkutik pulpubik lying down (adj) q’oyol loosen or unfasten something (flowers in wind) lying down (quadrupeds) (adj) sotolik (v) pulpubisaj lying face down (person (drunk, unconscious), loosen something (v) korobaj thing) (adj) jupulik loosened or unfastened (petals from flower) lying face up (adj) pak’alik (adj) pulpubinaq lying flat (something thin like a coin) (adj) lord (n) ajaw tz’aralik Lord (title for Christian God) (n) Ajawaxel lying on the ground (clothes or rope) (adj) lose (game, war) (v) tz’olq’omijik choqolik lose (home or family member) (v) malij lymph (n) saqsmaqamoj lose (v) tzaqik, sach ma’am (n) nan lose one’s self (v) jal -be macaw (n) kiaq k’ix, kiaqix lose something (v) tzaq machete (n) ch’ich’ lose speech (v) memarik machete (n-Esp) mache’t lose time (v) tzaq -q’ij machete, cut with dull machete (v) k’osnäjik lose way (v) sach -be machete, double-edged (adj) kieb -ware’ lost (adj) tzaqinaq, tzaqom, sachinaq, -sachom made (adj) bantajinaq -be made of leather (adj) banom che tz’um lost state, being lost (n) sachbal ib madness (n) ch’u’j, ch’u’jilal lost trail (n) kolom be Madre cacao tree (Gliricidia sepium) (n) q’än lots, many (adj) sibalaj te lots, many (n) jumulaj madron tree (madroño) (n) uk’a’, -ka che’ louse (see also lice) (n) saq’uq, saquk’, uk’ Magdalena (n) Ma’t louse, chicken louse (n) sis maggot (Momostenango) (n) xpakpan love (v) loq’oq’ej maggot (n) ixjut, -achaq amolo, xjut love for something (n) loq’oq’ebal -k’ux ch-e maggot, worm (n) xjut 224 magic word (n) tzij teojil make lines (on paper, in the earth for planting) magpie (n) chiko’, pijuy (tv1) juch’ maguey (n) ki che’, ki make love (v) k’am -ib maguey blanco (n) k’ip make muddy (v) xuq’ulnik maguey leaf (n) yut make noise with pans (v) taralajik maguey sap (n) -ja’il ki make one’s self great (v) nimarisäj -ib mahogany tree (caoba--Swietenia) (n) q’än make one’s self invisible (v) sach -ib che’ make parrot sounds (v) lolotik maid (n) mokom make rich (v) q’inomarisäj mail deliverer (n) jachol taq karta make rope (v) tumitalik maintain (v) k’olisaj make round (v) yereik maintain something (v) kajmajinik make seen (v) ka’yisäj maintain vigilance (v) k’ak’lej make signs with mouth demonstrating pride or maiz de la costa (n) taq’ajal ixim bashfulness (tv1) yum -chi’ make (v) ban, banik make smaller (v) ch’utinirisaj make a drawing of something (v) esaj -wach make someone bleed (from blow, cut) (v) esaj make a fist (v) muq’ej -q’ab -kikel make a hole (tv1) teq’ make something dance (as a doll or puppet) (v) make a pilgrimage (v) sikonik xojowisaj make a strong effort (v) koj -chuq’ab make something delicious (v) ki’risaj make afraid (v) xibinik make something happen (v) k’ulmaj make an oath (v) tz’anabej make something heavier (v) alobisaj make angry (v) yak -oyowal make something muddy (v) xoq’olaj make better (v) utzirisaj make something old (hard work, etc.) (v) make by hand (v) ban ch-o q’abaj ri’jobisaj make choking sounds in the throat (v) make something red (v) kiäqarisaj joq’owiq make something stop (v) tak’aba’ make clear (v) q’alajisaj make sudsy (v) woqowik make clear, remove all secrecy (v) sanaba’ make the attempt (v) ch’ach’a make cold (v) jorobisaj make the bed (tv1) tun ri u-wi’ ri ch’at make crazy (v) moxirisaj make the sound of rushing air (v) jininik make dirty (v) tz’iloj, tz’ilaj make thread (n) bätz’anik make even (v) suk’umaj make thread (v) bätz’ij make even or smooth (v) jikomaj make tortillas (tv1) lej make faces indicating bashfulness (girl) (v) make tortillas (v) lejenik, lejonik k’ip -chi’ make up (v) utzir -uk’ make fun of (v) esaj -wach, yoq’owik, etz’bej make wet (v) ch’aqaba’, ch’aqabaj, ch’aqisaj -wäch make whitewash or cement from limestone w/ make fun of (v) subuj water (v) polij make furrows (earth) (v) tzaq rij maker (n) banol, banal make furrows (preparatory to planting) (v) esaj malaria (n) räx tew, ch’aqi’ tew bolaj male (adj) ama’ make furrows (v) majkolij male quetzal (n) maq’uq’ make green (v) räxarisaj maleza espinosa (briar, spiny weed) (n) tajal make happy (v) ya’ kikotemal ch-e k’ix make holy (v) tioxirik mallet (n) q’osq’ob, q’osibal 225 malva plant (medicinal plant, used in marker of future, or certainty (adv) na bathwater) (n) ch’oj marker, boundary marker (usually heap of "great enemy" (Mam as sender of illness, stones) (n) k’ulbat punishment) (n) Nimalaj K’ulel marriage (n) k’ulanem man (n) achi marriage broker (n) k’amal be man or animal which has greatly multiplied (n) married (adj) k’ulan winaqal wächaj marrow (n) -pa baq, tatu man who doesn’t want to stay in house (n) marry (v) k’ulanik, k’uli’k mun achi marry off (v) k’ulibaj man, great man (n) nimalaj achi marry someone off (v) k’ulubaj man’s skirt (Nahuala) (n) rawa’ marsh (n) paxq’ol man’s skirt (Nahuala) (n-esp) lanta’r marvel (n) mayibal man-animal who frightens people (n) subunel marvel (v) mayij -ib mandible (n) kakate’, xere marvel at something (v) mayij mandible, lower jaw (n) kakate’ masculine indicator (animals) (adj) ama’ mange (n) salpi’ch, sal masculine youth indicator (a Xuan = the young mange, itch, allergy (n) k’iaqat Juan) (adj) a manguey, fiber of maguey (n) saq ki mash (beans, chili, achiote) (v) jok’ manifestation of spirit of mountains, customs, mash (chile) (tv1) q’ut traditions (n) Saqi K’oxol mash (chile, tomatoes) (v) q’utik manifestation of traditional earth powers mashed (adj) jok’om (n-esp) Tiox Mundo mashed beans (n) kiem kinaq’ manifested (adj) q’alajisam mask (n) k’oj, wäch sot manioc (n) tz’in mason (n) yakal ja manna, food of the gods (n) boron Mass (n) bix q’ij many (adj) k’i mass (n) ch’ucuch’ik many (animals) (adj) sibalaj mass, Catholic Mass (n-esp) mixa many kinds (adj) k’i -wäch massage (sore knee) (v) bilbayij many people (n) k’ia winäq massage (tv1) jik many times (adv) k’i mul massage with oil or other unguent (v) balachij many, a lot (n) jumulaj masseuse (n) jik’anel many, great many (n) jumulaj master (n) ajchaq’e manzanilla (fruit--something like a crabapple) masturbate (v) pilipa’ -ib (n) käxlan q’inom masturbation (n) rayibal pa -tukiel maracas (n) chijchij mat to sit on (n) sepelbal mare (n) ati’t kej mat, petate (palm mat) (n) xbaq marimba (n) q’ojom matasano (fruit--Casimira edulis) (n) ajache’, marimba keys (n) -tz’alamal q’ojom achel, ajche’ marimba player (n) ajq’ojom, q’ojomanel match (n) tzijbal q’aq’, juch’ibal q’aq’ marimba weights (n) -kajil q’ojom matchmaker (male) (tortulero, asks hand of mariquita negra (biting insect) (n) q’upunel marriage on behalf of boy) (n) mark (n) etal chuchqajaw, chänimtal mark (v) koj -etal matchmaker, marriage broker (n) k’amal be mark caused by prolo ta’ (n) q’atq’ik materia (as in eye) (n) pus marked with a seal (adj) t’iqom material (cloth) (n) chekubal marker of doubt (adv) ne material under fingernails (n) -xe’ -ixk’iäq 226 matter in eyes (n) puruk medicinal plant (planta silvestre) (n) tzojtzoj mature (living things) (adj) ri’j q’ayes mature (v) ri’jobik medicinal plant (ruda) (n) rura matured, grown (corn plant which has formed medicine (n) kunabal ears) (n) balabik meditate (v) pixabajik, no’jinik maturity (n) ri’jobik, ri’jobinaqil, ri’jil meditator (n) bisol may it be so (exp) are k’u ri’ medium cooked (adj) k’at tuquch’ maybe (adv) käraj ne meet (v) k’ulik, k’ulaj maybe (conj) we ne meet together (v) k’ul -ib mayor (n) taqanel, q’atol tzij, nabe q’atbal tzij meeting (n) molim ib, mulin ib, chomal, mulim mayor, alcalde auxiliar (small town) (n) ib, komon winaq ajch’ami’y melancholy (v) yuxik mayordomo (n-esp) marto’m melt (butter in sun) (v) järik mazacuata snake (n) talabom melt (metal, etc.) (v) ja’risaj Mazatenango (n) K’iaqal kiej melt (v) lojojik me, I (pro) in member of a cofradía (n) ajpatan meadow (n) alaj taq’aj, yuq’ubal, uwosaq member of a group (n) ajch’op, ajwinaqil meal (n) wa’im member of same race (n) qa winaq mean (adj) lawalo membrillo (fruit) (n) käxlan k’um, amprima’ mean (dog) (adj) ch’u’j memento (n) natabal mean (person) (adj) tuxtik memory (n) natabal, chomabal, na’tabal mean (wa’ kel kubij-- this means) (v) el kubij men with incense burners (n) mortom mean disposition (adj) k’a’n mend (clothing) (v) k’ojoj meaning (n) bantajik, ta’ik, cholaj, mend (tv1) t’is chomabal, banik mend, repair (v) k’ijij meanness (n) k’a’nal menstrual cramps, strong (n) yitz’itz’ means of walking (n) binibal menstrual period (n) yabil re ik’ means, this means (v) bij wa’ menstruate (v) ch’ajomanik measles (n) ij, alaj taq yabil, ij menstruation (n) ch’ajon, ik’il, -etal ik’, -yabil measure (v) etanik ixoq measure of something (n) jupaj mental aberration (n) moxirem measure something (v) etaj -wäch, etaj mentally retarded or abnormal (adj) measurement (n) etabal etzeltajinaq -jolom measurement, incorrect weight measurement mention something frequently (v) pajbej (n) jik’om ri pajbal meow (v) oq’ik measurer (n) etanel Mercury, planet Mercury (n) Ajitz measurer, one who measures (n) etanel mercy (n) toq’ob, elibal k’uxaj measurer, string for measuring (n) etabal k’am merely (adv) xa measuring instrument (n) etabal merriment (n) ja’jatemal meat (n) ti’j messenger (n) taqo’n, taqo’n, tzijol meat seller (n) poch’onel mestizo (n) mu’s meat soup (n) -wa’l ti’j metal (n) ch’ich’ meat, chunk of meat (n) -nak’ ti’j metal plater, one who plates metal (v) nak’al medallion (n) ch’ayom puaq ch’ich’ mediator (n) q’axanel metal repairman (n) q’ilil ch’ich’

227 metal, sound metal grinding or screeching mix (v) k’ulajij -ib, yujik, yujaj against metal (brakes) (v) qitz’najik mix with (corn with beans) (tv1) xol meteor, falling meteor (n) sutz’ kumatz mixed (adj) yujutal, yujatal, xolotal method (n) cholaj moan (v) jilowik, sik’inik midday (n) pa q’ij, nik’aj q’ij mock (v) subuj, etz’bej -wäch middle (n) -nik’ajal, nik’iaj mock someone (v) tze’j -wäch middle (of house or land) (n) -nik’ajil moderation, with moderation (adv) nojim middle finger (n) ukab alk’ualaxel moist (earth) (adj) neqelik middle-man (n) q’axanel moist (soil), fertile (soil) (adj) quq midnight (n) nik’aj aq’ab moist earth (n) ulew räx midst, in middle of (prep) pa -nik’ajil molar (n) ka’ midwife (n) nanyox, loq’onel, ilonel, iyom, mold (n) pus k’exelon, -ati’t ak’al mold (v) pusirik Miguel (n) Akiel mole (n) ba, etal mildew (n) -achaq ixpeq mole (skin) (n) -etal q’eq, lunar military leader (n) q’alel molest (tv1) tzur milk cow (tv1) yitz’ ri -tu’ ri wakax molest (v) tzurunik, ya’ latz’ ch-e, mokunik milk, breast dribble (n) turuwik -tu’ molt (v) k’ex -ismal, pu’yunik mill, hand mill (n) q’utbal ik, tukubal moment (n) aninäqil, jut’ixik mill, small mill (n) tukubal moment (n-esp) rato million (jun chuyil--1,000,000) (num) chuyil moment, a bit (n) juch’in mimosa (n) xq’änal Momostenango ("Before the Shrine") (n) mince (v) much Chuwa Tz’aq minced (adj) muchum money (n) puaq mind (n) chomabal money left over (n) tzelem rajil mind is set (adj) nak’al pa -jolom money saved for some purpose (n) ajil mingle (tv1) jux -ib monkey (n) -q’ab che’, batz’ minister, pastor (n) ajyuq’ monkey winged, imaginary animal (n) pich’ minnow (n) ch’u’, say k’oy mint (yerba buena) (n) käxlan sik’aj monkey, spider monkey (n) k’oy miracle (n) mayibal, kajmajibal monopolize or have sole ownership (v) laq’puj mirror (n) wächibal, lemo’, ilbal ib, ka’yibal, month (n) ik’il ilbal month ago (adv) jun ik’ kan miscarriage (n) tzaqinem month of twenty days (n) ik’ mischievous (adj) k’iaqat month, last month (adv) jun ik’ kan mischievous child (n) xk’iaqat monthly (adv) ronojel ik’, chi ik’, ik’il, pa ik’il miser (n) xu’y monthly paid person, someone paid by the misery (n) meba’il month (n) ajik’ missing one or two ears (adj) yul monthly work or pay (n) ik’il mist (n) ab, mayul, sutz’ u-wächulew monthly, every month (adv) pa taq ik’, ronojel mist rising from land (n) sibal ik’ mistake (n) mak monument (n) tz’aq mistaken (adj) sachinaq moo (cow) (v) muyunik mistletoe (n) tzorop moon (n) ik’ mistreat (little brother) (v) ban k’ä’x ch-e moon when has a halo (moon’s bathing) (v) mix (tv1) yuj atin ri ik’ 228 moon, half moon (n) nik’aj ri ik’ mountain with no people living on it (n) moon, new (n) käminäq ri ik’, ch’utin ik’ uwisäqumbal moon, quarter moon (n) xnik’ajar ri ik’ mountain without people (n) uwosaq moon, sliver moon (n) k’ä ne’ ri ik’ mountains near Chichicastenango (n) Paxkual moon, woman dancer represents moon (n) ajik’ abaj, Paxot, Pokojik moon’s path (n) -be ik’ mountains, all (n) nima juyub ch’uti juyub mop water off a flat object (v) lutz’ mounted on a horse (adj) kiejeninaq, ch’okol morale, black and white shoulder bag (n) par mourn someone (v) oq’ej chim mourn something (tv2) bisoj more (adv-esp) mas mourning clothes (n) waqwoj atz’iaq morning (n) saqiribal mouse (n) ch’o morning from dawn to noon (n) q’än q’ij mouse, field mouse (n) saq ch’o morning meal (n) wa re nimaq’ab mouse, ratón de monte (field mouse) (n) morning, early in the morning (adv) bajchi’ baych’o morning, early morning (n) aq’äb mouse, wild mouse (ratón del monte) (n) -ch’o mornings (n) aq’äbil juyub morral (n) chim mouth (n) -pu chi’, chi’ mortal (n) kämel mouthful (n) jupur, juba’ mosquito (n) üs, xa’n move (loose nail) (v) yink’atik mosquito bite (n) ti’obal üs move (v) q’axaj, silobik moss (n) q’ux move about without purpose (v) tulku’ik mossy (adj) pus move blood-- means of receiving supernatural Motagua River (n) Ja’ nima’ message (v) silob -kik’el moth (n) ch’alakan move by pushing (v) qebisaj moth, white moth (n) ch’ilakan move flame (candle in wind) (v) yubyutik moth-eaten (adj) q’umar move forward (in line or to leave a bus) (v) mother (from birth to 40 days) (n) tu’janel nabajik mother (n) chuch, nan move from one place to another (v) jalk’atij mother-in-law of a female (n) alib move or shake (something large--bridge when chichu’ truck passes) (tv1) tzey -ib mother-in-law of a man (n) ji’ ixöq, move, to shake (earthquake) (v) salabaj ji’ chichu’ move, to shake (v) salabisäj motive (n) jasche moverse (tree branch in wind) (v) salabik moulded (dough) (adj) yoq’om mow grass, to cut (tv1) jos mouldy (adj) pus much (adj) k’i, sibalaj moulting (cat, dog, horse) (v) puxin r-ij mucous (n) -pa tz’am mound (n) mul mucous, dried mucous (n) jut mound used to support corn plant from wind mud (n) xoq’ol, xaq’ol (n) mul mud, clay (used for making ado (n) q’eq ulew mount (a horse, symbolically mount anything) mud, sticky mud (n) käch’ xoq’ol (v) kejaj muddy (adj) xoq’olinaq mount (horse) (v) kejej, kijenik, kejbej muddy, become muddy (adj) xoq’oltajinaq mount horse (v) kiejej mulberry (n) tukan mountain (n) juyub mulberry herb (n) imu’t mountain lion (n) köj mule (n) kowilaj kiej mountain near Santa Cruz (n) Krus Che’ multiply (fish) (v) poq’orik 229 multiply (people, animals) (v) poq’ik, poq’isaj, nakedness (n) ch’anil poq’onik name (n) bi’ multiply (v) poq’isaj -wäch namesake (n) k’exel multiply by as in 7 x 7 (v) chi, as in wuqüb chi nantze (tropical fruit--Brysonima cotinifolia) wuqub (n) tapa’l mumble [Momos] (v) mematik nape of the neck (n) ij -wi’, -ij -qul, chrij wi mumps (n) -pa -qul, qulaj napkin (n) su’t, pisbal wa, su’bal chi’ munch, always munch (v) k’uxk’atik napkin or cape weaver (n) ajkemal su’t murderer (n) kämisanel narrated (adj) tzijom murmur (n) wixwitem narrow (adj) latz’, nitz’ -wäch murmur (v) muyumutik, roq’ratik, wixwitik narrow (Momostenango) (adj) ch’utin -wäch murmur about (v) wixwitej narrow canyon (n) jut’ siwan murmur against (v) wixwitik narrow ravine (n) jutz’ siwan muscle (n) chuq’ab, tioj narrow space between houses (n) -xol ja muscle, deltoid muscle of arm (n) -ch’o -q’ab nation (n) amaq’ muscular (adj) tioj nation of Guatemala (n) amaq’ Guatemala mushroom (edible) (n) q’atzu native altar (n) tanabal mushroom (edible, orange-colored) (n) kiaqix native Indian (n-esp) natural mushroom (large and poisonous) (n) extan native of here (n) ajwaral tolok native of Totonicapán (n) ajmiq’ina’ mushroom (n) ikox, okox nature (n) banik mushroom, black mushroom (n) -unum q’eq nausea (n) muluw k’ux, sutin -wäch mushroom, class of poisonous mushroom (n) nausea, vomiting (n) xa’wem -baq’wäch käminaq nauseating (adj) xababal mushroom, poisonous (n) ch’u’j ikox nauseating, ugly (adj) mulibal k’ux mushroom, white (n) saq k’im, -aqän tz’ikin navel (n) muxux music (n) oq’ebal near (adj) naqaj musician (n) ajq’ojom, q’ojomanel near (prep) ch-naqaj mustache, beard (n) -ismal chi’ near death (person) (adj) q’in mustard (n-esp) martansa nearly (adv) säqi’n, xa jubiq’ man ... mute (adj) mem Nebaj (n) Bokeron muzzle (dog) (n) tza’m necessary (adj) rajawaxik my (poss pro) nu, w- neck (n) qul myth (n) aq’bal neck, long neck (adj) yuquyik u k’ul nabo. colewort, a vegetable) (n) jawux ichaj necklace (n) chachal nail (finger), claw (bird), talon, hoof (n) nectar, flower nectar (n) -kab kotz’i’j ixk’iaq need to urinate or defecate (v) q’oxow chik nail (n) klawux needle (n) baq, t’isobal nail something (tv2) klawuxij needle prick (v) k’ixoj nail, hammer, screw, put on tightly (v) bajij needle, bloodletting instrument (n) tzitz nailed (adj) q’osim, klawuxim needles, spruce fir tree (pinabete) (n) tz’in chäj nailed tight (adj) ko q’osim needlework (n) t’iso’n nailed, well-nailed (adj) ko q’osim negative indicator (adv) man...taj naked and fat (adj) sanalik negative indicator (prep) ma naked and poor (like in Good Samaritan) (adj) negative indicator of interrogative (interrog) sanalik lamna 230 neigh (horse) (v) jinjitik ninety (num) jumuch’lajuj neighbor (are’ nu-k’ul ja --he’s my neighbor) ninth (adj) ubelej (n) k’ul ja ninth (n) -belej neighbors (n) k’ul taq ja nipple (n) -tza’m tu’ neither (adv) mine, mawi nixtamal (n) tzi neither good nor bad (v) xa qi’ -bij no (dec) ja’i’ nephew (n) wi’ k’ab, wi’ k’aq’, ti’ no ears (adj) säluy nephew of man (n) ch’utin k’ojol, no facial hair (adj) t’an -palaj k’ojolabal no flavor (lacking salt) (adj) sirisik, säq tza nephew of woman (n) alabal no one (n) majun nephew or niece of woman (n) ch’utin al, no one, there is no one (exp) maj jachin k’olik alabal nod (with sleep) (v) yuxk’atik nerve (n) iboch’ noise (n) jininem, yokobal, tzokokem, jumuj, nervous (adj) xiribib oq’ebal nest (n) sokaj, sok nominated (adj) kojom net (n) k’at non-corn food (n) riki’l net, fish net (n) k’at chapbal kär, chapbal kär non-domesticated (adj) juyubal never-ending (adj) junalik none (adv) maj never (adv) ni jumul, mawi jumul, majun mul none (n) majun nevertheless (conj) pune tä jeri’ none, there is none (adj) man k’o taj new (adj) k’ak’ non-Indian (n) amu’s new corn (n) ak’ie’l nook, corner of eye (n) jutz new moon (n) käminäq ri ik’, ch’utin ik’ nor (adv) mawi New Year’s Day (n) Jalbal north (n) -wikiaq’ab ri relbal q’ij, u-xukut kaj newborn baby (n) ne’, lo’ch, kieqalaj loch’ North Star (n) T’uyul newly harvested corn (not yet hard) (n) ak’ie’l north, ritual title for north (assoc. with news (n) tzijol femaleness, left) (n) kajxukut ulew newt (n) ixpa’ch, yi’j, ni’j nose (n) tza’m, tza’m next day (adv) chukab q’ij nostril (n) -julil -tza’m next year (n) jun junab chik not accept (v) man k’am taj nibble (v) purij, käch’uj not allowed (adj) man ku-ya’ taj nice (adj) kame’l not charitable (adj) ko -anima’ niece (n) ji’ not clever (n) ajmox niece of man (n) ch’utin mial not come out well (v) man -el taj niece or nephew of woman (n) ch’utin al, not confident (v) tz’i’arik alabal not even (adv) xa tä ne night (n) chaq’ab, aq’äb not favor one over another (Ri Dios junam night bird (n) ixparpuaq keril ri winaq) (v) junam -il night dew (seen as unhealthy) (n) räxq’ab not give enough (v) xu’yaj night watchman (n) waranel not have the desire to work (v) saq’orinik night, at night (adv) chaq’äb, xq’eqal not heavy (adj) man al taj night, last night (n) chaq’ab iwir not lazy (adj) sak’äj nightmare (n) itzel ichik’, ichik’ sibalaj xibibal not sound good (v) man utz taj -ta’tajik nine (n) belejeb not speak well (v) lotolik nineteen (n) belejlajuj not spoil (v) man -ban taj itzel nineteenth (num) ubelejlajuj not succeed (v) man -el taj 231 not tucked in (shirt tail) (v) telik offend (v) tz’il, yoq’onik not wobbly (table on floor, or a house) (adj) offense (n) tzurunik chak’alik offer (money or employment) (v) chi’j not yet (adv) k’ä maja’, maja’ offer (v) tzuj nothing (adv) maj offer one’s self (v) tzuj -ib nothing to do (v) qasaj q’ij offerer of burnt offerings or incense (n) notice (n) bixik poronel nourish (v) tzuq, tzuqik offering (n) ta’bal, chi’nik, kuchuj, tabal nourisher (n) tzuqunel toq’ob nourishment (general term for all food and official (n) ajpop drink) (n) wa ja’ off-white (adj) saqsoj nourishment (n) tzuquxik, tzuqubal often (adv) amaq’el now (adv) kamik, wachanim, wakamik ojala, may it be so (exp) are k’u ri’ now (prep) chi ojalá (conj) wet nude (adj) ch’analik okay (n) ja’e nude (n) ch’anal old (adj) ri’j numb (adj) sikirinaq old age (n) ri’jobik, ri’jil, ri’jobinaqil number (n) -ajilbalil, ajilabal old debt (n) nimalaj k’asaj nurse (infant) (v) tu’nik, tz’ubunik old man (n) tata’, nima winaq nut (n) mop, wayis, map old person (n) ri’j winaq, nim winaq nutrition (n) kowilibal old stories (n) ojer taq tzij oak (n) bakit older brother of boy (n) ätz oak (roble) (n) tuk’ar older brother of male (n) achalal oak parasite (n) xikich’o, pol older sister of girl (n) ätz oak, evergreen oak (encina) (n) wit, skel, Olintepeque (n) Xekik’el ponopik, kowilaj che’, räx che’ omen, indication in sky that it will rain (n) obedience (n) niman raqbala’ obedient (horse) (adj) kame’l omen, sign of rain (n) raqbala’ obedient person (n) nimanel on (prep) pa, p-wi’ obey (v) il, nimaj, wolsaj on behalf of (prep) -umal -ech oblige (v) puersij, taqchi’j on one side (adj) tzalanik observe (v) ka’y chrij, ilawächij, il, ka’yik on the bottom (adv) k’ä ch-pam obsidian (n) cha, chay on the other hand (adv) -jolom r-ib obstacle placed to prevent passage (wall, on the third day (adv) churox q’ij stones) (n) q’atbal on time (adv) aninäq obstruct (v) q’at on top of (prep) p-wi’ obstructed (adj) q’atejinaq on vacation (adj) jamal -wäch obtain (v) ch’ek, ch’eki’k, riq, k’amowik once (adv) jutij occurences (n) pop once (n) jumul ocean (n) plo once again (adv) jumul chik, chi jumul odd (adj) tze’bal once in a while (Jun taq pa’ kinbe pa ri tinimit) odor, scent (n) uxlab (adv) jun taq pa’ odor, smell of body odor (n) xexal once in a while (tajin wi kinbek--I go once in a of (adv) aj while) (adv) tajin wi of (prep) -e once more (adv) jumul chik off the cuff (adj) ponom one (n) jun 232 one armed (n) t’um onions, bundled (green onions tied together) one by one (adv) chkijujunal (adj) yatom one by one (prep) ch-jujunal only (adv) xuwi, xu, xa one day ago (adv) jun q’ij kan only one (adv) xa jun one handed (n) kut -q’ab ooze (v) bulijik one in a million (adj) jun wi u-cholaj opaque (water, etc.) (adj) sutz’ -wäch one in whom you can confide (n) -ach’ open (adj) jaqal ch’aben open (can) (tv1) teq’ one sent (n) taqo’n open (collar when unbuttoned) (adj) peq’alik one side (n) juperaj open (door) (adj) telik one time (n) jumul open (pulling cap from bottle) (v) torotobik one time, once (n) mul open (tv1) tor, jaq one who asks for hand in marriage (n) open a little (v) k’ababa’ ajtzonolob open halfway (v) k’ababa’ one who asks the hand of a girl (n) samajel open mouth (tv1) k’ab -chi’ one who awakens someone (n) k’asunel open something all the way (door) (v) peq’aba’ one who buries (n) muqunel, muqunijel open with fingers (doctor opens eyelids to one who clarifies (n) q’alajisanel examine eyes) (v) rech’ one who dies (n) kämel open, half open (adj) k’abal one who embarasses easily (n) ajk’ix opened (adj) torotobinaq, jaqbexik one who fashions or fabricates (n) tz’aqol opening (n) k’abal, chi’ one who fishes (n) chapal kär openly, in the open (adv) chi saqil one who flirts (n) tzujul rib operator (n) abanel one who follows (n) terenel opinion (n) no’j, chomanik one who hits others (n) ch’ayanel opossum (n) wuch’, uch’ one who holds in arms (n) q’alunel oppose (v) k’ulelanik, tak’baj -ib one who is guilty (n) ajmak oppose something (v) k’uluba’ one who is just passing through (n) q’atanel opposite (n) k’ulel one who knows secrets (n) ajwäch oppress (v) taqan itzel one who listens to someone’s needs (n) tal -ech oracle (n) ch’obonel one who lives in the house (n) aj uwo -achoch orange (adj) q’än kiäq one who looks after someone or something (n) orange (n) ij, alanxäx ilol -ech orange juice (n) -wa’l alanxäx one who measures (n) etanel orange tree (n) alanxäx one who plates metal (v) nak’al ch’ich’ orchard (apples, oranges, etc.) (n) juwi’ one who reflects (n) bisol orchid (n) ek’, pol one who saws planks from tree (n) ajtz’alam order (n) taqbal, cholaj, oqxa’n one who takes something away (land) (n) order (v) chok, taqanik majanel order release (v) taqanik che resaxik one who works fields in hills (n) ajpajuyub order, put in order (v) chol, lem one-eyed (adj) potz’, tzoq’ ordinance (n) suk’umabal one-eyed person [Momos] (n) potz’ organ cactus (n) wanok one-eyed person [Toto] (n) matz’ organize (tv1) wok onion (from cebolla) (n-Esp) siboy, sebo’y organize (v) suk’umaj onion (wild) (n) xanakat orientation (n) k’olem origin (n) xe’l 233 origin of water (n) nawala’ pacified (adj) jamarinaq oriole (n) toch’ich’ pacify (v) bochi’j Orion constellation (n) Ama Achi pacify (v) junamtaj -wäch, silanik, jamarisaj Orion, constellation of Orion (n) q’inobal pack (for a trip) (tv1) patz’ oropharynx (n) -xe’ -aq’ pack (for horse) (n) eqbal orphan (n) meba’ packsaddle (n) xalma’ other (adv) nik’aj chik padded ring used for carrying heavy containers other (n) nik’iaj on head (n) ixpachek other (prep) chi page (book) (n) xaq other side (adv) ch’aqap page (n) -xaq wuj our (poss pro) q- paid (adj) tojtajinaq, tojom our ancient ancestors (n) ojer taq qa chuch qa pain (n) q’oxowem, q’oxom qajaw, ojer taq qa tat qa nan, ojer taq qa pain in place other than source of pain mam (referred pain) (n) q’atzq’ayil outrage (v) yoq’onik pain, radiating pain (n) kiqiq’ outraged (adj) eyawarinaq pain, stomach pain (n) q’oxow pomaj outside (adv) apan<öq> paint (house) (tv1) q’o’ outskirts of town (n) tza’m taq ja paint (n) tz’ajbal oval (adj) t’oyom paint (v) tz’ajanik, tz’aj oven (n) tuj paint job (n) tz’ajbal over (cross over mountain or plain) (adv) tzan paint portrait (v) esaj -ka’yibal over there (adv) chila’, jela’ painted (adj) tz’ajom overcast (n) muqul sutz’ painter (n) tz’ajonel overcome, pass through difficulty (v) ok il painter (v) q’o’nel overflow (n) tz’abel painting (n) tz’ajbal overflow (v) pulinik pair (n) juk’ulaj overflow of river (n) -wo ja’ pair (v) tunuba’ overflowing (adj) pulinik pair of persons (n) kab ichal overgrown (plants) beyond prescribed place pair of twins (n) juk’ulaj yox (adj) tzuyulik pair, couple (n) k’ulaj overload, engulf with size (such as heavy load pair, two of them, both (n) e kieb covers carrier) (v) lujujik paired (adj) tunulik overthrow (v) qasaj palace (n) nima ja q’atal tzij overturn (pot of water by pig) (v) talkamij pale (adj) saq molmoj, saq -palaj, saq tub, overwhelm (v) qajbej saqpe’r owl (n) tukur pale blue (adj) räxroj owl hoot (v) bixonik pale brown (adj) q’akoj owl sound (n) tukur pale from illness or fright (v) raxmakik owl, small owl (n) kurupup pale purple (adj) moratoq -pam owner (n) ajchaq’e, ajaw, ajchoq’e pale, very pale (illness) (adj) saqloloj ox (n) ama’ wakäx palm of the hand (n) -pu q’ab, -pam -q’ab, -pa oxidize (v) chuluj -ib -q’ab pace (n) -xol -aqan palm tree (corozo or coyol) (n) tut Pachalum (n) Tunkaj palm tree (n) chip pache (eaten on holidays) (n) niq tamal palo volador (pole used for the dance) (n) kaj paches (n) pach’ che’, -che’ k’oy 234 paloma silvestre (n) tukmux pass something toward speaker (v) q’axej uloq pan for frying chile (n) k’ilibal ik pass through (by permission or as a bus) (v) Panajachel (n) Cheleja’ q’atanik panela (unrefined brown sugar) (n) kab pass through (v) q’oq’ej pant (horse) (v) jaq’owik pass through difficulty (v) ok il pant (v) kasakatik, kasowik pass time (v) qasan q’ij pant or breath heavily (from exertion or passed (bus already gone by) (adj) ok’owinaq illness) (v) polowik passer-by (n) ok’owel pant, or breath heavily (from exertion) (v) passing (n) ik’owem posowik pastor (n) ajyuq’ pants (n) kason pasture (n) q’ayes, recha’, echa’, uwosaq, papaya (n-esp) papay yuq’ubal paper (n) wuj pasture (v) yuq’unik, yuq’uj paper with writing (n) wujil pat on the back (v) laq’ parable (n) k’ambal no’j pataxte (Theobroma bicolor) (n) peq paralyze (v) sikirisaj patch (n) k’ojbal, kojobal, k’ojobal, k’oj paralyzed (adj) che’erinaq, sikirinaq patch (v) k’ojoj paralyzed (body part) (adj) käminaq patch of ground reserved for garden (wheat, parasite for oak (n) xikich’o, pol flowers, vegetables) (n) loch’oj parasite on pine trees (n) chikonoy path (n) -q’ab be, be parasites, illness from intestinal parasites (n) path of the moon (n) -be ik’ chikop yabil path of the sun (n) -be q’ij parboiled (beans so still hard) (adj) räxk’ux path, footpath (n) ch’utin be, alaj be, -q’ab be pardon (n) sachbal mak patience (n) koch’onik pardon (tv1) kuy patio (n) -wa -achoch, -wo ja pardon (v) sach -mak, kuy -mak patrilineage (n) alaxik parents (n) tat nan patrilineage shrine (n) awas rech alaxik, parked (car) (adj) tak’alik awexibal tikbal parrot (n) kiaqix patrilineage shrine (prayers for increase,health parrot (n-Esp) lo’r to ancestors) (n) warabal ja parrot, green parrot (n) k’el patrilineage shrine dedicated to agricultural part (bread) [Toto] (n) ch’aqap success (n) winel part (n) molaj patrilineage shrine dedicated to financial and part of the leg above the knee (n) a’ business success (n) mebil partridge (n) saqko’r, sajkor patrol, night watchman (n) waranel pass (hand to hand) (v) q’axaj paved (road or street) (adj) lajom abaj pass (n) xolk’oxon paved road (n) -be ch’ich’ pass (salt to someone at the table) (v) q’axej pay (v) tojonik, tojik pass (v) ik’ow pay attention (v) ya’ no’j, esäj -no’j pass before or in front of (v) ok’ow -wäch pay attention to someone’s counsel (v) ta -tzij pass by (v) q’atanik, ok’owik pay attention to something (v) koj -etal pass by or over (v) ik’ow pay day (n) tojbal q’ij pass from one place to another (v) q’axik pay its price (v) tojbej re pass on as an inheritance (v) ya’ kan pay penitence (v) toj mak -echbal pay something (tv1) toj pass over (v) ok’owik payment (n) tojbal, tojobal 235 pea (n) karawan perhaps (conj) we ne pea shooter (n) wub perhaps (Momostenango) (adv) puxa peace (n) utzil, jamaril, uxlanem perhaps (v) käraj ne peace of mind or of the soul (n) uxlanibal perhaps not (conj) wenemna k’uxaj pericón (herb, used for stomach aches) (n) iya’ peach (n) t’ura’s peritonitis (n) pamaj peach (n-esp) tura’s permanently located (adj) jeqelik peacock, pavo real (n) räx no’s permission-- asked of deities in prayers (n-esp) peak (n) tzuel permiso peal away (v) k’ottajik permission, said when entering house (con pearl (n) chachal abaj permiso) (exp) tar peasant or peasant farmer (n) ajpajuyub permit (tv1) kuy pebble (n) xni’t abaj, wabäj permit, give permission (v) ya’ -q’ij peck (chicken) (v) tzopoj permitted (adj) ya’tal peck (v) tzoponik perplexed (adj) sachinaq -k’ux peck at (chicken) (tv1) lu’ perraje (n) q’u’ peck at (chicken) (v) t’ob persecute (v) trombej, taqan itzel, tukij, peel (apple or lime) (n) ij koqotajik peel (paint from wall) (v) tzak’tzobik person (n) winaq peel away (paint from wall) (v) k’otk’obik person at fault (n) makunel peeled (potatoes or tomatos) (adj) ch’olom, person breaking something (n) q’iponel k’otk’obik person causing evil eye (n) k’uxunel peeling (adj) tzok’tzobinaq person from the coast (n) ajtaq’ajanik, peep hole, small hole (in door so can see out) ajtaq’ajal (n) tel person in charge of a dance performance (n) pelt, coat (n) tzumal -xeel pen (n) tz’ibabal person sent (n) taqo’n pencaso (adj) tantik person who criticizes (n) yuch’unel pencil (n) tz’ibabal person who likes to travel (n) benam winäq pending (adj) ch’eqelik person who scrapes (n) juch’unel penis (n) tz’ikin person who scribbles, draws lines (n) juch’unel penitence (n) xukulem person who spins thread (n) q’inol batz’ people (n) winaq person who washes corpse (n) loq’onel people (v) winaqirik person who’s always sleeping (n) xwa’r people in a group (adj) mulanik person with a missing tooth (n) xork people of a country (n) winaqil person with a sweet tooth (n) jiq’ pepper (n-esp) piente persons from Quetzaltenango (n) ajxelajuyab peppery (adj) poqon persuade (to go somewhere) (v) toq’ij percolate (filtrar) (v) buxlunijik persuade (v) bochi’j, taqchi’j perdition (n) sachbal ib pertaining to the sky (n) ajchikaj perennial, siempre vive tree, flower pertains to (adv) aj (immortelle) (n) paxlaq pestle (mano of grinding stone) (n) -q’ab ka’ perforated (adj) xortotik, xoroxik pet (v) bochi’j, pilipa’ perforation (n) jul pet softly (v) malalej perfume, fragrance (rain) (n) k’ok’ pet, caress (animal) (v) koloq’aj perhaps (adv) lo, käraj ne petate (palm mat) (n) xbaq 236 Peter (n) Lu’ pijije bird (edible aquatic bird) (n) molay petticoat (n) -pam -uq pike (n) bate’ phallus (n) chikop, unum pila (water basin) (n-esp) pila phantasm (n) busunel pile (n) mol phantom (n) subunel, xibinel pile (of rocks, ears of corn) (n) jumulaj phantom which causes illness (n) uninoch, pile up (corn, firewood) (v) mulanik chakanel pile up in a heap (v) mulij pharyngitis (n) qulaj piled up (corn or firewood) (adj) mulanik pheasant (n) -äk’ juyub pilgrimage (n) pa siqonik photo (n) wächibal pillow (n) ch’akat pichacha (straining jug for nixtamal) (n) pillow (n-esp) chake’t ixchob piloy (large bean) (n-esp) piley pick (coffee, beans, leaves) (tv1) q’ol pimple (n) ch’a’k, t’orot’ik, t’orot’aq pick pine (v) qol pinch (salt) (n) jumutz pick up (load clothes, dishes) (v) yak pinch (v) k’etonik, xet’enik, tonik pick up (v) sik’oj, sik’ik pinch someone (v) xet’ pick up or find on the ground (v) sik’ pincher (n) tuxe’r picked (adj) molotaj pine (n) chäj picked up (adj) sik’om pine caterpillar (n) sichan, saq noy, ixq’el chäj picking (n) makow pine cone (n) chuk’uy pickpocket (n) ajxik pine forest (n) temal picky eater (adj) nich’ che ri -wa pine needles (n) -pa ranum chäj, -xaq chäj picotear (v) rakij pine, pino blanco (white pine) (n) pachäj picture (n) wächibal pineapple (n) matzati’t, ch’op piece (n) ch’aqap, molaj, tzaqatil, tz’aqatil, pink (adj) kiäqkoj juch’ab, ch’aqajil pinky (n) ch’i’p -q’ab piece (of fruit) (n) juba’ pino blanco (white pine) (n) pachäj piece (of wood, etc.) (n) bolaj pino colorado tree (n) kiäq chäj piece of a broken object (n) xe’r pinole (cornmeal and water mixture) (n) piece of blanket used by men around waist yubun, k’äj (Nahuala) (n) xerka pipe (n) po’r piece of broken glass (n) cha pistol holster (n) -achoch q’aq’ piece of cloth (n) tz’iäq pit (n) baq’ piece of gypsum used by weavers to dry pitch (n) chäj fingers (tizate) (n) saqkab pitcher (n) kukub piece of old cloth (n) ki’y pitcher for boiling water (n-esp) xaru’ piece, small piece (n) xet’ pitcher to carry water (n) tzu pieces [Momos] (n) ch’aqataq pitchfork (n) jopibal pieces of glass (n) chay pitious, deserving of pity (adj) toq’ob -wäch pierce (v) chuq’ pito beans for divining (Erythrina pierce, to open a hole in something (v) wor corallodindron) (n) tz’ite pig (n) aq pito tree (n) tz’ite pig speech when asking for food or when pity (n) elibal k’uxaj content (v) quruqutik pity (v) toq’obisäj pig swill (n) -uk’ia’ aq pity someone (v) oq’ej -wäch pigeon (n) palomäx pity someone or something (v) toq’obaj 237 pityriasis (jiote) (n) sal plant used as soap (n) uwotzi’ pizote (squirrel-like mammal) (n) itzul plant which closes leaves when touch them (n) placate (v) jamarisaj tak’am place (n) k’olibal, k’olem plant, corn plant (n) abix place (tv1) koj plantain (plátano) (n) nax place (v) ya’ plantain fruit (n) saq’ul place an impediment (v) koj q’atbal planted (adj) tikilik, tikom place face down (v) jupuba’ planted or firmly fixed (adj) tikilik place for fire (n) nuk’bal q’aq’ planting (n) tikbal place for lying down (n) q’oyobal planting (tiko’n re abix) (n) tiko’n place higher (v) aq’anisaj planting (wheat) (n) muquj place inside (v) oksaj, q’axej ch-pam plaque (n) ch’iluj -ware place lengthwise (v) rabi’k plasma (n) saqsmaqamoj place on its side or leaning (v) tzalaba’ plaster (n) saq kab place self among others (tv1) jux -ib plastic jar for water (n) q’ayebal place something as a pillow (v) ch’akatij plastic used to keep off rain (n) jaq’ubal place something face up (v) pak’aba’ plate (n) laq, webal place thread on warp frame of loom (v) plate or tin tray (n) laq’alik ch’ich’ q’in play (a musical instrument) (v) chinowisaj, place under (v) koj ch-xe’ tanasaj place upside down (v) jupuba’ play (marimba or drum) (v) q’osij place where incense is burned (n) porobal pom play (v) etz’anik place where something is kept or guarded (n) play horn (v) oq’esaj k’olibal r-e play the marimba or other instrument (v) place where trash burned (n) porobal q’ojomaj place where wheat thrashed (n) era play with (v) etz’abej placed lengthwise (rope laid out unrolled) (adj) play with something (v) etz’bej rabalik player (n) etz’anel placenta (n) kotz’i’j playful (adj) k’äqät, k’iaqat plain (adj) sirisik, xaqin ch-bij plaza (n) be’el plain (n) taq’aj, lia’nik plead, court (v) bochi’j plain (v) xa qi’ -bij plead, demand, court, promise (v) tz’onoj plain, coastal (n) taq’aj pleaded for (adj) tz’onotalik plain, level (n) -wa taq’aj pleasant scent (n) k’ok’ plaintiff (n) tzujunel pleasant temperament (adj) jororem plainting, corn planting (n) awex please (por favor) (exp) malaq’ij plan (n) chomal please (v) qaj ch-wäch plan (v) chomaj pleasure (n) kikotemal plan something (v) no’jij pleasure trip (n) wa’katem plane, carpenter’s wood plane (n) josbal che’ pleat (n) yoch planet Mercury (n) Ajitz pleat (tv1) yoch planet Venus (n) Ama Q’uq’ pleated (adj) yocho’ch plank of wood (Momostenango) (n) tz’oloj pleats (n) lichilik plant (v) tikonik, tik, k’iyisaj Pleiades (n) Ix Motz’ plant half-grown (n) kamow Pleiades constellation (n) mutz, Motz’, Käq plant something (v) tikoj Che’ 238 plot, cultivated (n) tiko’n, tikonijibal pomegranate (n) karna’t, nabial plow (n) abixbal poncho (n) q’u’ plow (n-esp) arado poncho, blanket-coat (n) q’u’l plow (v) abixik pond (n) atinibal, cho plowing, preparation of the fields for planting ponder (v) pixabajik by digging (n) joxk’im pony, small horse (n) k’in kiej pluck feathers (tv1) q’ul poor (adj) meba’ plug (n) ch’uqbal poor and naked (like in Good Samaritan) (adj) plug (to drain water) (n) torbal ja’ sanalik plunged, thrust into (water) (tv1) jux poor people (n) meba’ winaq plural indicator (adj) e poorly dressed (adj) yojoyik plural indicator (part) taq poorly fitting or put on (clothes) (adj) pock marks (on face) (n) -k’olibal loq’obal ch’elech’ik poetry (n) utzalaj bixik poorly prepared or done (adj) ponom point (pencil or machete) (n) wi’ pop (v) poq’inik, poq’ij point of a tree, hill (n) tzuntzuy popcorn (n) bose’l point of something, nose (n) tza’m populate (v) winaqirik point out (tv1) k’ut porch (n) -aqan ja point out the way (v) jach bik pa ri be pork, chicharrón (fried pork rinds) (n) r-i’j aq point with finger (v) toq’ej portable water carrier (n) pump pointed (like a pine tree), sharp point (knife) portion (n) jule’ (adj) jisik’ portion (n) nik’aj, q’at pointed tip (n) ch’ut portion of corn dough (n) jubotaj poison (n) kämikabal, kämisabäl, itzel kunabal portrait (n) ka’yibal poisonous (adj) kämisanik possession (ronojel ri juyub k’o pa ki q’ab ri poisonous mushroom (n) ch’u’j ikox tinimit) (n) q’ab poisonous snake (n) sachoj posterity (n) ija’l poisonous spider (n) -äm kiej pot for cooking tamales (n) tzakbal wa poke hard with finger (v) t’in pot for cooking tamalitos (n) wa’is poke with a needle (tv1) ch’ik pot for soup (n) t’uy poke with fingers (hard) (v) t’arij pot for tamales (n) sübal pole (n) che’ pot maker (n) banal bo’j Pole Star (n) T’uyul pot, large clay pot (n) bo’j pole used for a dance, palo volador (n) kaj pot, large pot to store water (n) t’urubal che’, -che’ k’oy potato (n) nux, saqwäch pole, fishing pole (n) chapbal kär potato, sweet potato (n) kamot, ixq’anajoy pole, symbol of man (forked pole to support a pot-bellied (person) (adj) ruburik -pam branch) (n) kab che’ pot-belly, fat belly (person) (n) puk’pik police (n) patanil ke potsherds, broken potsherds (n) ch’em police (n-esp) polisi’y potter’s clay (n) ralawal boj policeman (n) ajch’ami’y pound (meat to tenderize it) (v) tech’ polish (v) su’ pour (v) tix polite term for genitals (n) awas pour liquid into something (tv1) q’ej polygamous husband (n) achij -baq’wäch pour out (grain, liquid) (v) tojij polygamous spouse (n) kaser pour out (grains of corn from canasta) (v) polygamous wife (n) ixöq -baq’wäch ch’etetik 239 pour out (v) belowik pretty, beautiful (adj) je’l, mu’s pour out (v) jaminik pretty, very pretty (adj) jebel pour out something (v) ch’etetej prevent movement (v) ya’ latz’ ch-e poverty (n) meba’il prevent rain from reaching crop (tree branches) poverty-stricken (adj) ch’analik (v) tz’ujaj powder (n) poqlaj, kok’ price (n) ajil, tojbal powdered chili (n) k’ajk’aj ik prick (v) much power (n) kowinem, kuinem, nimal prick (with cactus spine or needle) (v) k’ixoj power, great power (n) nimalaj chuq’ab prick one’s self (v) k’ixoj -ib powerful (adj) kowilaj, k’o -kuinem prick with a needle (v) choq’onik, chuq’ practical joker (n) tz’urunel prickly pear cactus (n) noxti’ pray (v) tzijonik ruk’ ri qa Tat pride (n) nimal ri -banik, nimal ri -k’amowik, prayer (n) ch’awem r-uk’ Dios nimal prayer, ritual prayer (Catholics) (n) ch’abal priest (n) tewichinel preacher, minister (n) tzijonel priest, Catholic priest (from padre) (n-Esp) precious (adj) je’l pare pregnant (adj) yawab winaq, yab chik priesthood (n) loq’alaj kuinem pregnant person (n) yawab winaq priest-shaman (zahorín) (n) chuchqajaw premature baby (n) ajchaq’im ak’al priest-shaman of patrilineage (choose canton) premium (n) tojbal (n) chuchqajaw rech alaxik preoccupied (v) t’ujuwik priest-shaman of rural district (choose town) preparation of the fields for planting by (n) chuchqajaw rech kanton digging (n) joxk’im prince (n) alaxel, k’ojolaxel prepare (v) kolomaj princess (n) alixel prepare, repair, straighten (v) suk’umaj principle (n) jeqbal prepared (adj) suk’umatal, suk’umam prisoner (n) aj pa che’ present (n) sipanik process of hoeing ground to make furrows (n) present (v) k’ut ch-wäch majkolim taji’n present self (v) k’ut -ib procession, religious (n) -be teoxil presentation of a gift of food (n) sipyo’j produce (as in crop of grain), yield plentifully preservation (n) kolomal (v) k’uxanik preserve (food, land, religious sense also) (tv1) produce (fruit) (v) wächij kol profane (v) xalq’atij preserve (tv1) k’ol profit (n) chakoj, ch’ekoj, ch’ekbal preserve (v) k’olisaj, kolonik prohibited (adj) awas preserver (n) kolonel promise (n) yabal tzij president (n) nima q’atal tzij promise (v) ya’ tzij, ij, chi’j press (cloth) (v) wach’ promise, demand, plead, court (v) tz’onoj press (tv1) yitz’ promised bride (n) ali -bo’chi’m, ali ch’abem, press down, to push in (tv1) pitz’ ali bo’chi’talik pressed (adj) wach’om prop (n) tok’opibal, ch’utbal pressed (cloth) (adj) wach’atajinaq, prop (placed under bed leg to make bed level) wach’atal (n) ch’utel presumptuous (adj) q’o’l prop (v) tok’opij pretend (to be sick when not) (v) jaluj property (n) jastaq -e pretend (v) juluj prophet (n) q’axal u-tzij ri Dios, q’alajisanel 240 proposal, ceremony to ask hand of girl in punch (n) t’ok marriage 40 days before wedding (n) puncture (v) teq’etobik, teq’uj tz’onoj puncture wound (n) tel propose marriage (v) tz’onoj punish (v) k’äjisäj, k’äjisaj -wäch proprietor (n) ajchoq’e punishment (n) k’äjisabal, k’äjisabal wächaj prostitute (n) ixöq re nim ch’utin, wa’katel pupil (of the eye) (n) ak’al r-e boq’wäch ixoq, ixöq ri kutzuj rib puppet (n) ala’s prostitute one’s self (v) tzuj -ib purchase (n) loq’omik, loq’oj prostrate self (v) mej -ib pure (adj) ch’ajch’oj, josq’ij protect (v) chajij pure, clean (adj) josoq’ protect chicks with wings (ri ek’ käripi’ purify (v) chikichaj, ch’ajch’ojirik pakiwi’ ri ral) (v) ripi’k purity (n) saqil, ch’ajch’ojil protective spirit (n) nawal purple (adj) mo’r, mora’t protest (v) k’ululanik, q’atej purple, pale purple (adj) moratoq -pam provide (v) yo’wik purpose (n) cholaj, jun rumal, kojik provide shelter (tree from rain) (v) pa’nik purr (cat) (v) bätz’inik provisions, food and drink, general term (n) wa purse (n) k’olibal puaq uk’ia pursue (v) terenik, terenej, koqotajik provoke (v) tzurunik, yak -oyowal pursue someone or something (v) oqataj provoker (n) tzurunel pursued (adj) oqatam proxy (n) k’exwäch, k’exel wächaj purulent exudate (n) puj prune (tree) (tv1) tol pus (n) puj prune plant (v) qupij pus from acne (n) puj wa pruned (with scissors or clippers) (adj) qupim push (v) puyij, ch’ikimij pues, and, but (conj) k’u push away (v) qebesaj ubik pues, well then (exclam) ba’ push someone (v) ch’ikmij pugnose (adj) nepenik -tza’m push toward (v) qebesaj uloq pulique de habas (thick drink made of habas) push, shove (v) paqchij (n) tzäyam pustule, large (n) kisq’ay pulique sauce (n) jok’o’m put (tv1) koj pull (v) jik’, jek’ put animal to bed (v) kotik pull along (little boy) (v) jik’ put bar on door or window (v) k’opij pull along (v) juruj put head between legs (v) jupul pu ch’ek, jupul pull an animal by force (v) tuq pa raqan pull out by its roots (weeds potato eyes) (tv1) put in (v) min boq put in incubator (v) jupuba’ pull something along (tv2) chararej put in order (v) chol, lem pull up (v) juruj put in something (v) oksaj pulque from the seed of chilacayote squash (n) put in sufficient amount of something (onion in sqil soup) (v) tz’ebej pulse (vessel of wrist or neck) (v) birnajik put in the hand of God (v) jach -ib pa -q’ab ri pulverize (v) kok’isa, ban muchu’l ch-e Dios pulverized (adj) k’äj put into (hand in a hole (v) nim puma (n) köj put into (v) q’axej ch-pam pumice (n) tzrajmaq put on faja (v) pasinik pumpkin flower (n) q’atzum put on tightly, hammer, nail, screw (v) bajij 241 put out a flame (v) chupik quiver for arrows (n) kus put self into something (a crowd) (v) nim -ib rabbit (n) imul put to bed (v) q’oyoba’ rabid (adj) ch’u’jarinaq, ch’u’j put to one side (v) jolij rabies (n) ch’u’j put to sleep (baby) (v) wartisaj Rabinal (n) Ribnal put to the fire (v) q’aq’aj raccoon (n) kas, k’as, ixpataq put together (adj) tunulik raccoon (n-esp) mapach put together (bed) (adj) tunum race (n) ija’l, xik’anem put together (bed) (tv1) nuk’ radiating pain (n) kiqiq’ put together (v) riq -ib, tunuba’ rafter (n) -aqän ja, tem pyramid builder (n) bitol rag (n) su’t, tz’iäq, ki’y quack (duck) (v) josjotik rag, cleaning rag (n) su’bal atz’iaq quack softly (duck) (v) jasjatik raggedly clothed (n) ch’anal quadrangular (adj) tayuy rain (n) jäb quagmire, bog, quicksand (v) niknob rain (v) jäbinik quail (n) sajkor, saqko’r, sarawäch, tinturin rain hard (v) jorobik quake, as in earthquake (v) tota’ rain, heavy rain (n) nimalaj jäb quarrel, grumble (v) yajonik rain, sign of rain (n) raqbala’ quarter moon (n) xnik’ajar ri ik’ rain, whirling rain in storm (n) sutz’ kumatz quartz (n) tok’, chay abaj rainbow (n) ch’upikaq, räxkiaq’ab, xok’okaj, quartz crystal (n) choq’ xukuq’ab queen (n) chichu’ ajawinel raincape made of rushes (n) tut question (n) k’otbal chi’aj raincoat (n) tut question (v) k’ot -chi’ rainy season (n) jäbil, q’äläj, u-q’ijul, req’alaj quetzal (Guatemalan currency) (n) ketzal jab, qasbal ja’, q’ijul quetzal bird (n) q’uq’ raise (building) (tv1) yak quetzal female (n) ati’ q’uq’ raise (kinwalajisaj nu q’ab) (v) walajisaj quetzal male (n) maq’uq’ raise (n) paqalem quetzalillo bird (n) maq’aq’ raise (prices, etc.) (v) paqi’k Quetzaltenango (n) Xelaju’, Xe’ lajuj no’j raise by water (v) ch’elejik Quiché language (n) Katzijobal raise children (when parents dead) (v) k’iyisaj Quiché people (n) -al q’ij, ajk’iche’ winaq raise dust (as with broom) (v) poqalanisik quick (adv) aninäq raise hand (v) tzoqopij -q’ab quick in work (v) sak’lajik raise like dust (v) poqlanik quick intake of breath (when startled) (v) raise something (v) paqaba’ biq’ilijik raise up (v) paqalisaj, walajisaj, yek quick to anger (n) tak raise up dust (as in road) (v) puk’uk’ik quickly (adv) chanim ram (n) ama’ chij, mo’ch quickly, very quickly (adv) xaqbi ranch, little (n) kabal quiet (n) t’or rancher (v) tikol awaj quietness (n) matzalem rancid smell (n) nin quince (membrillo) fruit (n) tz’a’r rancid smelling (adj) xex, nin quince (Sp. membrillo--sour fruit) (n) rancor (n) muqul pa -anima’ imprämox, amprima’ rapidly (adv) aninäq, chanim quintuplet (n) jobisal rare (adj) jun wi u-cholaj quintuplets (n) jobichal rarely (adv) k’ajen taq la 242 rash (n) bub redden, get red from bite (or eyes from crying) rash, has rash (skin) (adj) lo’tajinaq (v) kiäqmomoj rasp (n) josbal reddish (adj) kiäqkoj rat (n) ch’o, bayi’s, baji’s reduce (price) (v) qasaj rat, wild rat (n) saq ch’o reduce (v) ch’utinirisaj ratón de monte (field mouse) (n) baych’o reduce in size (v) ban ch’utin rattle (of corn in a bag, metal, wood when reed (n) qul, äj, ak carried) (v) yojoyatik reed used for brooms (n) q’echop rattle (snake or baby’s rattle) (n) tzojtzoj reed used for mats (n) sibak rattle, gourd rattles (n) soch reed, bullrush (n) tul rattlesnake (n) tzojtzoj kumätz, sochaj, kiaqxop refer to (v) k’utunik ch-e ravine, gorge (n) siwan be ja’ refine (v) ch’ajch’ojirik ravine, narrow (n) jutz’ siwan refine (writing ability, etc.) (v) mach’achik ray of sun (n) -tun q’ij reflect (mirror) (v) räq’lapuj read (v) sik’ij, sik’ij u-wäch wuj, il -wäch wuj reflector, one who reflects (n) bisol reader of the stars (n) ajkajbalach refresh (v) jorojobik, jorobisaj ready (adj) suk’umatal, suk’umam refreshing (adj) jororem ready to go (adj) benam re refreshing drink or medicine (n) jorobisabal reason (n) no’j, jasche, cholaj refreshment (n) q’atbal -numik reason (v) chomaj refreshment, freshness, coolness, something reason why (n) jasche refreshing (n) jororik rebel (v) k’ululanik refuge (from rain, wind, sun), shelter (n) rebel against (v) k’ululaj pa’nibal receive (v) k’amaraik, k’amowik, k’am regidor (assistant to mayor on council) (n) receive on your head (v) k’am p-wi’ achi’l receive something as a gift (tv2) kochij regidor indígena (Indian representative of receive with joy (v) k’amowaj cantón at alcaldía) (n) raxtor recently (adv) mer, k’ä maja’ naj, k’äte region (n) tinimit wachanim regret (v) q’atut -anima’ ch-e recently (k’äte xek’uli’k--they recently regret, have remorse about something (v) married) (adv) k’äte q’atut -anima’ ch-e receptacle, small, for water (often by grinding reign (v) taqanik stone) (n) penabal rein, strap connected to bit of horse (n) xakima reclaim (v) ma’ reject (v) man k’am taj recline (v) kotz’olik, q’a’lik reject (v) xutuj recognize (v) natajisaj, k’am -q’ab, ch’ob reject something (food) (v) paqchij -wäch, eta’m -wäch relate (story) (v) tzijoj recover senses (v) ul pa saq relate (v) ajilaj recreation (n) etz’anem relate something fully (to police) (tv1) t’ab rectangular (adj) tayuy relative (n) alaxik rectitude (n) suk’il relatives, cousins, distant family members (n) red [Momos] (adj) käq q’ab alaxik red [Toto] (adj) kiäq relax (tv2) cho’pij red color light (adj) kiäqkoj religious procession (n) -be teoxil red earth (n) kiäq ulew remain (v) k’olik wi red, dark red color (adj) kiäq q’equm remain (v) kanajik, yonolikinik 243 remain behind (v) kanaj kan resist doing something (child his chores) (v) remain stuck to container something thick xutunik (atole to glass) (v) t’aqi’k resistant (adj) ko remain undone (work for lack of laborers) (v) resolve (v) chomaj ch’eqatixik resound (sound of metal striking across valley) remain with (v) kanaj -uk’ (v) tzinlajik remainder (n) tz’aqatisabal respect (n) niman remains, title for mortal remains of ancestors respect (v) nim -il wi used in prayers (n) muchulik baq, respected elders of community (n) k’amal be muchulik poqlaj respected, well-respected (adj) nim -q’ij remedy (n) kunabalil respectful person (n) nimanel remember (v) nataj che, natanik, nataj, ul ch-e, resplendence (n) saqil nataj ch-e, ulqaj pa -jolom respond (v) tzalij -wäch remember something (v) luyaka’ pa -jolom response (n) tzelebal -bixik remember something (v) na’taj ch-e response to farewell (exp) ew remembered, fixed in memory (adj) nak’al responsibility (n) eqle’n pa -jolom rest (n) tz’aqatisabal, jule’, uxlanem, q’oyolem remind (v) na’baj, nataj rest (v) uxlanik reminder (n) natabal rest of (n) nik’iaj remove (v) sach -wäch, elesanik, esaj, elesaj rest something on top of (v) kotz’obej remove all secrecy, make clear (v) sanaba’ rest, at rest (adj) uxlaninaq remove from office (v) qasaj -q’ij resting place (n) kosibal remover (n) elesal restoration (n) tzelebal rend clothing (v) t’ubij -atz’iäq restrict (tight clothes) (v) titz’ renew (tv1) jal resurrect (v) k’astajik renounce (v) esaj -ib ch-e resurrection (n) k’astajibal rent, borrow (v) qaj resuscitated (adj) k’usum renter (n) qajanel, qajal ja retired (adj) ch’aqataq repair (v) ban -banik, ban utz ch-e retrieve (v) jok repair (v) k’ijij return (away from speaker) (v) tzelej ubik repair, straighten, prepare (v) suk’umaj return (plane or bus) (n) ch’ukaj repeat (v) kamulij, tzelej -bixik, tzalij -bixik return (toward speaker) (v) tzelej uloq repent (v) k’ex -k’u’x, tzalij -ib return (v) tuk, tzalijik, tzelejik replace (v) ban -k’exel return a favor (v) tzalij u-k’exel jun toq’ob replaced (v) jalatajik return by foot (v) tzalij pa -aqan replacement (n) k’exwäch, k’exel return here (v) tzalij uloq reply (to letter) (n) tzelebal -wäch return something (v) tzalij, tzelej report (n) bixikal rev (engine) (v) rininej represent someone or something (v) reveal (v) k’utwächinik, q’alajisaj k’exwächij reveal, make clear, remove all secrecy (v) representation (n) wächibal sanaba’ representative (n) k’exwäch, k’exel, k’exel revelation, "clear light" ritual term for wächaj divinatory message (n) saq q’alaj representing, on behalf of (prep) -umal -ech reverence (n) mach’ach’em reprimand (v) yajonik reverse side (adj) jalajoj rescue (v) to’, to’tajisaj 244 reverse side (ri u-sal ri kamixa’--the reverse ripeness (fruit, girl ready for marriage) (n) side of shirt) (n) sal q’änal revision (n) kamulibal ripped (adj) tzerom revive (v) k’astajik ripple, wave (v) mejmik reward (v) ya’ ch’ekbal ch-e, ch’ekenej, ya’ rippled, wavy (adj) mejmik ch’ekoj ch-e risco (Momostenango earth formations) (n) rheumatism (n) k’umatz chualxaq rhythm (n) tail riscos (Momostenango) (n) ch’ucuch’ik xaq rib (n) k’alk’ax, k’olk’äx rise up against (v) walij ch-ij ribbon (especially used in braided hair) (n) ritual before birth of child at patrilineage pach’ubal shrine (n) awex tiko’n ribbon for hair (from listón) (n-esp) lixton ritual cleansing of lineage shrine prior to rice (n-esp) arroz ceremony (n) mesabal rich (adj) q’inom ritual name for good things of marriage (kids) riches (n) q’inomal (n) wuqub utzil wuqub chomal ride horse (v) kiejenik ritual prayer (Catholics) (n) ch’abal right (adj) wikiaq’ab ritual removal ashes from shrine and washing right hand (n) q’ab re ri wikiaq’ab potsherds (n) ch’ajbal awas right now (adv) wachanim ri’, wakamik, ritual title for north (assoc. with femaleness, chanim left) (n) kajxukut ulew right? (adv) jewa? ritual title for south (assoc. with maleness, rigid (leg) (adj) tak’atik right) (n) kajxukut kaj rim (n) tza’m ritual to open a new patrilineage shrine (n) rinds, chicharrón (fried pork rinds) (n) r-i’j aq k’abal ring (bell) (v) lanowik, yajoya’ river (n) nim ja’, nima’, binel ja’ ring (metal bell) (v) tzinowik river snail (n) tot’is ring (n) molq’ab, chachal river, by the river (adv) pa nima’ ring (to wear on finger) (n) malq’ab riverbed (n) -be ja’ ring finger (n) urox alk’ualaxel rivulet (n) binel ja’ ring sour (bell) (v) chanachatik rivulet of water (n) -xul bul ring, padded ring used for carrying heavy road (n) be containers on head (n) ixpachek road, straight (n) suk’ulik be ring-dove (paloma torcaz) (n) tukmux road, very straight (Momostenango) (n) ringing in the ears (n) tz’ininik kolominaj be ringing, sound of metal striking metal (bell roar (ocean, car) (v) biririk ringing) (v) ch’inlijik roar (water, rain) (v) yojojik Río Chixoy (n) Nimala’ roast (meat) (v) sa’ Río de Sepela (Chichicastenango) (n) Xepla’ roast in fire (corn, meat) (v) bol Río del Arco (near Joyabaj) (n) Ja’ saq ch’oq roasted (n) bolom Río del Canchon (near El Quiché) (n) Q’än roaster (n) bolonel cho robber (n) mok’onel ripe (fruit) (adj) chäq’ robber, highway robber (n) q’atel winaq ripen (banana) (v) q’obik robe (n) q’u’ ripen (grain harvest) (v) q’änarik uwächulew roble (oak) (n) tz’unuj ripen (v) chäq’ajik robust (adj) jiljik rock (baby) (v) sayisaj 245 rock dove (torcaza--paloma silvestre) (n) ut root (of tree or plant) [Momostenango] (n) rab rock dust (n) muchu’l abaj root (of tree) (n) xera’, rap rock from side to side (v) siyo’penik root [Toto] (n) k’amal rock side to side (boat on water) (v) sayo’pik root at something with nose (tv1) lu’ rock something (tv1) say root cause of something (n) xe’l rock, large rock (n) xäq root in earth with nose (hogs) (v) lu’nik rock, stone, testicle (n) abäj root of the güisquil plant (n) tz’intal rocking motion (n) sayopem rooted in one place (adj) jeqelik roll (coins) (v) ketetik rope (n) kolob roll (rock) (v) wolqotik rope bridge (n) q’a’m käsayo’pik roll (rock, logs) (v) wolqotij rope or string, something used to tie (n) ximbal roll (stone off mountainside) (v) walqo’tik rope, string (used to tie something up) (n) roll (v) bolq’otik yut’bal roll of something (n) botol rosary (n) witoj roll out dough (v) li’ rose (n-esp) roxox, ronxax roll over (car) (v) wolqotij rosgarse (v) wototem -ib roll over (child in grass) (v) pask’ayik rot (v) q’ayik roll over (v) balq’atik rotate, spin (v) sutij roll over something (v) balq’atij rotten (fruit, vegetables) (adj) q’ayinaq roll something (tamales, tz’ite beans during rotten (tree or wood) (adj) q’umar divination) (v) baraj rough (adj) charan, rora’ roll something (v) walqatij rough cloth (n) por roll something over (v) pask’ij roughly carved (adj) tolom roll up (paper or cloth) (tv1) bot roughly made (adj) tolom roll up (rope, etc.) (tv2) bolq’otij round (adj) kret, wolowik, k’olok’ik, ketekil, roll up (sleeve) (v) bo’t ketetik roll up (sleeves) (tv1) k’ol round (basket, wheel) (adj) ketekik roll up (v) baq’atij, botz’ik, k’olochij round and large (large basket) (adj) setesik roll up something (v) botz’oj round from contents (adj) xaq’axik roll up something laid out (blanket) (v) round out (moon) (v) sete’ik majkolij row (n) cholaj rolled over (adj) pask’im rub (itchy eye) (tv1) q’ut rolled up (adj) baq’atim rub (killing flea by rubbing between fingers) roof (if made of tiles) (n) xotal (v) pilipa’ roof (n) -wi’ -achoch, -wi’ ja rub (v) mal, bilbayij roof beam (n) tem rub off (v) tzojik roof-tile (n) xot rub on (tv1) bil roommate, one who lives in the house (n) aj rub vigorously (itchy eyes) (v) k’iaqatij uwo -achoch rub with feet (v) bilbaj rooster (n) mama’, ama’ ak’, ama’ ek’, toro’y rub with medicine (tv1) jik rooster comb (n) pärek’ rub, fondle, stroke gently (head of baby) (v) rooster spur (n) xit, ch’ut malama’ rooster, crest of rooster (n) pärex rubber (n) kik’ rooster’s comb (n) perpech, wach’ rubber ball (n) kik’ root (fruit tree or plant) (n) xe’ rubber tree (n) kik’ che’ root (n) k’amal ruddy (adj) kiäq woywoj 246 rude (adj) tolom r-ij said when entering house (con permiso) (exp) rue, have remorse about something (v) q’atut tar -anima’ ch-e saint (n) tioxalaj winaq ruffles (n) chi’y, chiyichik saints, carrier of the litter on which saints rug, small rug (n) su’t borne in procession (n) telenel ruin (n) tzaq, ojer kaxonil ja, ojer ja salad (n) ichäj ruin something (v) jarisaj salamander (n) ixkuch, i’x, yi’j ruins near Santa Cruz (n) Q’umarqaj salary (n) tojom rule (v) ajawinik saliva (n) qaxaj, chub rule over (v) ajawij salsa (n) q’utu’m rummage through things (police looking for salsa of chile (n) pulik something) (v) tulkupij salt (n) atz’am run (tv1) tik anim salt (v) atz’amij run (v) be anim salt shaker (n) atz’ambal run as fast as can (v) jumumik salt something (v) tzayij run fast (v) jututik salted (adj) tzayim run fast (v) xik’inik saltiness (n) tzayil run out (v) k’isik salty (adj) tza run over (v) tixik salty, very salty (adj) k’achatz’am runny nose (n) turuwik -tz’am, tza’maj salvation (n) kolotajem, kolomal rush (n) anim, kebut same (adj) junam rush something (v) koj anim same (adv) xa junam rust (v) chuluj -ib, pusirik same day (adv) junam q’ij rustle (skirt when walk) (v) rupnajik San Cristobal (n) San Kris rusty (adj) pus San Francisco El Alto (n) San Pra’s Sacapulas (n) Tujal San Pedro Jocopilas (n) Mamaj sacramental wafer (n) loq’oxik sanctify (v) teoxirik sacred (adj) tiox, tioxalaj, ch’ajch’oj, awas, sanctify (v) tioxirik loq’alaj sand (n) sanyeb sacred 260-day calendar (n) -ajilabal q’ij, sand fly (n) okonel k’iaq Ch’ol Q’ij sandal (n) ajortza’m, xajäb sacred image (n) tiox, teox sandals (caites) (n) lej xajäb sacred law (n) loq’ pixab Santa Cruz (n) Kiche sacrifice (n) tabal toq’ob, chi’nik, ikiajik sap (n) kik’ sacrifice (v) kämisaj ch-e tabal toq’ob, sap, dried sap (n) wix pusunik, ikiajik sash (n) ximibal -pam, pas sacrificial altar (n) porobal awaj satisfaction (n) kikotemal sad person (n) bisorinaq winaq sauce from elder tree (n) tz’oloj che’ sad, something which saddens (n) bisobal sauce of ground chile and tomato (n) q’utu’m sadden (v) ya’ bis, ban k’ä’x ch-e -k’ux sauce, chile sauce (n) q’utu’m ik saddle (n) eqbal savagery (n) k’ache’laj k’aslem saddle (of horse) (n) -si’y kiej save (tv1) kol sadness (n) bis save (v) to’, kolonik, kolotaj, to’tajisaj sage (n) etamanel save up (money) (tv1) k’ol saguaro fruit (pitahaya) (n) takrabaj saved, kept, honest (Momostenango) (adj) said (adj) bim kolom 247 savings, great effort to save money for scold (tv1) yaj something (n) jal k’as scold (v) yajonik, yajik savior (n) kolonel scolder (n) yajonel saw (tv1) q’at scolding (n) yajkil saw (two-person) (n) q’atobal scorch (cloth from iron) (v) q’änarik saw for cutting trees (n) moja’r scorched (cloth from iron) (adj) q’änarik saw mill worker, one who saws planks from scorpion (n) ixkab, xkot, -kowil raqän kiej, tree (n) ajtz’alam xkab, sinam say (v) bij scorpion claw (n) tuxe’r say (v-irregular) cha’ scorpion, centipede (n) sina’j say goodbye (v) ch’abej kan scrape (knee from fall) (v) qoloqobik say something that is not true (v) xa -bij scrape (metal on stone to sharpen) (tv1) saying (n) bixik juq scabbard (sheath for holding a sword or scrape (n) salk’äm machete) (n) -achoch, -achoch mache’t, scrape (skin or old paint) (v) qol -ij mache’t scrape (table) (v) kajuxtäj scald (milk overcooked) (v) tzak -ib scrape (tv1) jos scald (v) q’ulij, ch’ilij scrape (v) josoj, k’otik, tzoj, tzojik scales (fish) (n) puaqil scrape away paint (from wall) (tv1) jos scales (snake) (n) -solotil kumatz scrape skin (v) ch’oloch’obik scar (n) kutz, yuk, yuq scrape skin of hand (accident) (v) qoloqobik scar (v) yukanik -tz’umal -q’ab scarab beetle (n) märin scraped (adj) josom, qolom scarecrow (n) poy scraper (n) josbal scaredy-cat (adj) xibrib scraper, person who scrapes (n) juch’unel scarf (n) su’t scratch (an itch) (v) k’iaqatij scatter (sand) (v) tukuj scratch (cat on tree or rooster on the ground) scatter (trash by animal) (tv1) kich (tv1) rak scatter (v) jubuj scratch (chicken) (v) rakij scatter (v) tukij, jabuj -ib, jabunik, jubuj scratch (n) salk’äm -wäch, tukinik, jabuj scratch (skin from itch or pleasure) (v) k’aqatij scatter in all directions (sheep in fear) (v) jubuj scratch (skin) (v) rok’ -ib scratch (v) qol scatter, disperse (garbage by an animal) (v) scratch at dirt (chicken) (tv-1) bek pichk’ij scratch ground (chicken) (v) tulkulik scattered (adj) jabuninaq scratch mark (on skin without blood) (n) scattered (corn grains on floor) (adj) jubum joxobal scent (n) uxlab scratch someone with nails (v) ixk’iaqij scent, pleasant (n) k’ok’ scream (cat) (v) witzinik schism, division (within a community over scream when fighting (cat) (v) jixixik controversy) (n) tasow ib screw (n) yitzobal, sutij school (n) tijobal screw (n-esp) roski’t scibbler, person who scribbles, draws lines (n) screw, nail, hammer, put on tightly (v) bajij juch’unel screwdriver (n) torbal ch’ich’ scissors (n) sokbal, qupibal scribbled on (adj) juch’um scissors, cut with scissors (v) qupij scribe (n) ajtz’ib 248 scripture (n) loq’alaj tz’ibanik Secretary/Treasurer Mam (n) K’at scrotum (n) chim secrets, one who knows secrets (n) ajwäch scrub (clothing) (tv1) q’ut sedan chair (n) patal scrub (to get clean) (tv1) qib sediment of atole (n) -xe’ joch’ sculpt (tv1) tzok’ see (v) il, ka’yik sculpt (v) ban -palaj see something (v) ka’yej sculpted (adj) tzok’om seed (n) baq’ sculpture of stone (n) wächibal abäj seed corn (n) awex scum on water (n) suq seed of gourd (often toasted and eaten) (n) sikil sea (n) plo seed used for planting (n) ija’ seal (n) t’iqbal seek (v) tzukuj seal (v) nak’aba’, t’iq seeker (n) tzukunel sealed (letter) (adj) t’iqom seems, in appearance (ri ali su’ulaj je’lik sealed, marked with a seal (adj) t’iqom käpetik) (adv) su’ulaj seam (n) t’isel, t’ison seen (adj) ilom search (n) tzukuxik seer (n) ilol search (v) nik’oj seldom (adv) k’ajen taq la search carefully (with hand at night) (v) select, to sift (v) cha’ malalej self (reflexive pro) -ib search, rummage through things (police self, by self (adv) chbil -ib looking for something) (v) tulkupij seller (n) ajk’ay searched, looked for (adj) tzukum Semana Santa (Holy Week) (n) Awas Q’ij seashell (n) t’ot’ semen (n) baqil season something (soup) (v) chaq’ajisaj semi-dark (adj) muj season something (v) q’obisaj semi-sweet (adj) säq ki’ season, dry season (n) saq’ij, saq q’ij send away (v) taq ubik seasoning (n) kunel send sharp pain (back) (v) k’iaqatik seat (n) tem, ku’lbal, t’uyulibal, t’uyubal send shooting pain (back) cf. k’iaqat (v) seat one’s self (v) t’uyi’k k’aqatik seat something (v) tz’ukuba’ send, to command, to force, to compel to do seat something [Momos] (v) ku’ba’ something (v) taq seat something [Toto] (v) t’uyuba’ sense of smell (n) siqobal seat, chair (n-esp) xila’ sent from heaven (adj) taqom chi kaj seated (adj) t’uyulik, ku’lik sentinel (n) chajinel seated, well-seated (adj) tikilik separate (adj) jule’ chik, xolotal second (adj) ukab separate (tv1) tas second child (n) ukabal separate (v) toqkiej, jach -ib, jach ubik second father (n) kab ajaw separate corn cob from stalk (tv1) jay second grinding of corn (v) kok’isaj, tzi’ separate from a mould (v) rok’ik second ranked Mam (n) E separate out (black corn from white) (v) tas second ranked Secretary Mam (n) Tz’ikin -xol secondborn daughter (n) ukabal -mial separate self from (group) (v) tas- ib ch-ij second-hand (adj) kamulim, qajinaq -wäch separate something fixed (boards from wall) secret (n) membal, jasjatem (tv1) k’oq’ secret, something done in secret (n) nawalik separate two things stuck together (v) xak secretary (n) ajtz’ib 249 separate wheat from chaff in wind (v) jopij, shadow (of a man) (n) noch’ jopinik shadow (of person or animal) (n) nonoch’ separate, set apart (seed corn from rest) (adj) shadow (person) (n) muj, nanoch’ tastalik shaggy (adj) patzapik separated (adj) tastalik shake (medicine or juice to mix it) (v) yujya’ sepulchre (n) muqubal shake (passing truck) (v) biririk sepulchre (n) muqul wi, ulewal shake (tree in wind) (v) yiko’mik serious (adj) nimatajinaq shake (tree or earthquake) (v) tota’ seriously ill (adj) lawalo shake (v) towij, yikopisaj, silobik serpent (n) kumätz shake off (dust, dandruff) (v) tota’ serpents (n) awaj ri käki-juruj kib shake out (dust from rug) (v) towij servant (n) alom, mokom, ajik’, pataninel, shake self (v) tota’ -ib chajal shake something (tree so fruit will fall) (v) serve (a term in office or jail term) (v) suk’ubij yiko’misaj serve (v) kajmaj, patanij, pataninik shake something (v) silobisaj serve someone as honored guest (v) ula’j shake something tall (tree so fruit will fall) (v) service (n) patan, mokokil yakya’ set (sun) (v) qaj shake vigorously (to mix) (v) yikiya’ set a bone (tv1) wiq shaker (n) tukulibal set apart (seed corn from rest) (adj) tastalik shallow well (n) k’ua’ set boundary (v) koj -mojon shaman (n) chiman set firmly (adj) chak’alik shaman title (n) ch’awinel set free (v) tzoqopij shame (n) k’ix, k’ixbal set part or guard (v) q’at shape (n) banik, set up vertically something small and thin shard, piece of broken glass (n) cha (candle) (v) tzuk’uba’ sharp (adj) jiljatik, t’ist’ikalaj set, mind is set (adj) nak’al pa -jolom sharp point (knife), pointed (like a pine tree) settle down (v) jeqi’k (adj) jisik’ settled (adj) jeqelik sharp, well sharpened (adj) utz u wi’ seven (n) wuqüb sharpen (knife or machete) (v) ban -ware’ seven children (n) wuqk’al sharpen (v) yek -ware’ seventeen (n) wuqlajuj sharpening instrument (n) banbal u-ware’ seventeenth (num) uwuqlajuj ch’ich’, yekbal -ware’ seventh (adj) uwuq sharpening stone (n) wux, wux abaj seventy (n) oxk’al lajuj sharp-pointed (machete) (adj) t’is -wi’ severe storm (n) kiäqiq’ jab shatter (tv1) k’äj severely afflicted (adj) räx ch’aych’obinaq shatter (v) chikonik, chikoj sew (tv1) t’is shatter into many pieces (like glass) (v) sew up (v) yuch’unik k’äjinik, k’äjirik sew up, gather together (v) yuch’uj shattered (adj) muchum sex (n) patzoj shave (hair) (tv1) tol sexual relations (v) k’am -ib shave (tv1) jos shade (n) mujal, chiwil shave (v) sokaj shaded (adj) mujam shave self (v) josq’ij -ib, jos -ib shadow (n) chiwil, nenoch’ shaved (adj) tol jolomaj shadow (not of a person) (n) mujal shaved, clean-shaven (adj) t’an -palaj 250 shaver (n) sokabal, josbal shiver (n) birbitem shawl (n) rebo’s, kapraj shiver from cold (v) koykatik shawl (n-esp) pera’j shiver from fear (v) birbatik she, he, him, her, it (pro) are’ shoe (n) xajäb shear (sheep) (v) sokaj shoe maker (n) banal xajab sheath (see also scabbard) (n) -achoch shoe, sole of shoe (n) -pa r-aqan xajab, -xe’ shed (blood) (v) tix, turuwisaj xajab shedding (v) puxin r-ij shoelace (n) -k’amal xajäb, ximibal re ri -xajäb sheep (n) chij, karne’l shoes, worn out (adj) jarinaq sheep without horns (n) mo’ch shoo or chase away (v) yo’j sheep, disease on sheep’s mouth (n) suq shoot (gun or blowgun) (v) pubaj shelf (banca, banco) (n-esp) panku’ shoot (v) k’iaqik, k’äqik shell (beans) (tv1) poch’ shoot at (tv1) k’iäq shell (beans) (v) poch’pobik shoot, a plant growth or bud (n) t’ux shell (n) ij, tol "shoot the bull" (v) jasjatik shell (tv1) ch’ol, biq shooting star (n) u-k’is ch’imil shell of a dead animal (n) k’o’xal shoots, edible shoots of the chayote (n) k’ixtan shell with live creature inside (n) aqan shop (n-esp) tienta shell with no living creature inside (n) ixkiaq shoplift (v) t’orij shelled (adj) k’otk’obik short (adj) xni’t -aqan, nitz’ -aqan shelled (beans) (adj) poch’pobinaq short (pant legs) (adj) kutkik shellfish (n) t’ot’ short (person, things) (adj) nuch’ -aqan shelter one’s self (v) to’ -ib short (thing) (adj) ch’utin -aqan shelter, refuge (from rain, wind, sun) (n) short days (n) alaj u-pam q’ij pa’nibal short time (n-esp) rato sheltered (adj) pa’ninaq short-cut (n) q’utbal be shepherd (n) ajyuq’, yuq’unel, ajyuq’ chij shorten (pants) (v) ch’utinirisaj, jik’ shepherd (v) yuq’uj, yuq’unik shorten (sleeves) (v) nuch’irisaj shield (n) to’bal rib shorten by cutting (v) q’atz shift around (like portions of a load--grain of shorten by cutting or breaking (v) sak’inik, pack) (v) bejowik sak’ij shim, prop (placed under bed leg to make bed short-haired (n) kut -wi’ level) (n) ch’utel shoulder (n) teleb shim, wedge (something placed below table shoulder bag (n) chim leg so doesn’t tilt) (n) ch’utbal shoulder bag for carrying seed (n) chim rech shin (n) ch’ek, -wa -ch’ek awex shine (gold, stars) (v) juluwik shoulder bag, black and white (n) par chim shine (metal) (v) juljutik shout (n) raqow chi’aj shine (the sun) (v) wächin ri q’ij shout (tv1) raq -chi’ shine (v) chuplinik, req’apunik, remowik shout, call (v) sik’ij shine (v) yamanik shout, thunder (v) sanij shine brilliantly (like sun in mirror) (v) shouting and syncope (n) q’abarik repq’unik shove, push (v) paqchij shine ray of light (sun or car’s headlights) (v) shovel (from paleta) (n-esp) pale’t tununik show (tv1) k’ut shirt (n-Span) kamixa show humility (as before mayor) (v) wononik 251 shower (n) atinibal sideways (adv) tzalanik shrimp (n) cho’m, ixmutuk siempre vive tree, flower (immortelle) (n) shrine dedicated to prayers for horses (n) awas paxlaq rech kej sieve (n) jarne’r, jarne’l shrine visited on "eight days" of the sacred sieve, strainer (n) cha’bal calendar (n) wajxaqibal sift (v) yikya’ shrine visited on "one days" of sacred calendar sift, select (v) cha’ (n) junabal sifter (n) jarne’r, arne’r, jarne’l shrine, household (often containing sifter (quadrangular) (n) ajchar archaeological relics, papers) (n) mebil sigh (v) uxlabik, bixonik shrine, patrilineage shrine (n) awas rech alaxik, sight (n) ka’yibal, ilbal awexibal tikbal sight (utz u-boq’wäch-- good sight) (n) shrine, patrilineage shrine (prayers for boq’wäch increase,health to ancestors) (n) sign (n) etal warabal ja sign (v) tz’ibaj -bi’ shrine, patrilineage shrine dedicated to sign language, gestures or hand signals (used agricultural success (n) winel when can’t speak) (n) memal shrine, patrilineage shrine dedicated to sign language, speak with hand signals (v) bij financial and business success (n) pa memal, ya’ -bixik ruk’ ri -q’ab mebil sign name (v) juch’ -bi’ shrink (clothing) (v) jik’ -ib sign of rain (n) raqbala’ shrink (fabric, etc.) (v) nuch’arik sign up for something (v) tz’ibaj -bi’ shrink (shirt when washed) (v) k’ol -ib signal, hand signal (n) membal shrink (v) ban ch’utin significance (n) bantajik, banik shrink (v) ch’utinik silence (a baby) (v) yuxyik, yuxya’ shrivel (v) kutuyurik silence (v) silanik shrivelled (adj) kutuy silent (adj) nim -anima’, al -anima’ shrub (n) juwi’ silent (n) t’or shuck (n) jo’q silent (v) lilonik shuck corn (tv1) jäch’ silk (seda) (n-esp) xela’ shuck corn (v) ch’ol jäl silk worm (n) käq chaj shuck, degrain corn cob (v) k’etenik silk, corn silk (n) tzämiy, -wi’ jäl, tz’amiy shut (adj) tz’apilik silver (n) puaq, saq puaq shut (door) (v) tz’apij silver, carved silver (n) ch’ayom puaq shuttle of weaving machine (n) bätz’ibal silver, white haired (adj) saq wi’ shy, one who embarasses easily (n) ajk’ix silversmith (n) ajpuaq, ch’ayal puaq shyness (n) k’ix similar (adj) junam -wäch, junam -uk’ sick (adj) yab, yawab, (near death) q’in similitude (n) natabal sick on something (dog) (v) tuwij simple (adj) katan -banik, man k’äx taj, xaqin sickle, hoe (n-Esp) jos ch-bij sickle, small sickle (for cutting wheat) (n-Esp) simple person (adj) xa jun -wäch ixjos simply (adv) xa sickness (n) yabil, yab, yawabil sin (n) mak sickness of the eye (n) yabwäch sin (v) makunik, ban mak side (n) xkut, k’olk’äx sin against (v) makuj side, on one side (adj) tzalanik since (adv) tzpa 252 since the beginning (adv) tzpa ri tikitajik size (n) nimal sinew (n) tiojilal skeleton (n) baqil, baqil sing (v) bixik, bixonik sketch (v) esaj -ka’yibal sing something (v) bixaj skid (v) jilq’apatajik sing with la la la (v) lalalatik skin (animal) (tv1) q’ul sing without knowing the words (v) riririk skin (animal) (v) buq’ulij, ch’ol ri’j singer (n) bixonel, ajbix skin (n) ij, tz’umal, tz’um singing voice (n) qul skin (v) qol sink (feet in mud) (v) jutjubik skin, dry, cracked skin (n) pa’k sink (in mud, bog) (v) niknobik skin, to peal (tv1) ch’ol sink (v) qaj xe ja’ skinned (adj) ch’olom sink, crumble (earth in earthquake) (v) skinny (adj) chaqi’j, baq jobjobik skip (run hopping) (v) xik’anik sinner (n) ajmak skull (n) -jolom käminak, -baqil jolomaj sip (n) tz’ubu, juqub, skunk (n) par sir (n) qajaw sky (n) -wo kaj, kaj sir (señor or don) (n) tat sky blue, blue like the sky (adj) räx räj u wo ri siren (like police car) (v) xururik kaj Sirius, constellation of Sirius (n) Kab Q’ij skyward, pertaining to the sky (n) ajchikaj sister of a male (n) anäb slack (adj) cho’l sister, older sister of girl (n) ätz slack (v) cho’lik sister, younger brother or sister of same sex (n) slander ("trampling lips") (n) xaq’abal chi’aj chaq’ slander (n) tzijtal sister, younger, of female (n) chaq’ ali slander (v) q’abanik sister-in-law (when persons married to two slanderer (n) ajtzijtal sisters--concuña) (n) achalka’n slap (v) paq’ij, laq’, laq’ij sister-in-law of a male (n) ixnam slap (xupaq’ij jun q’ab che u palaj) (v) paq’ij sister-in-law of female (n) alib che -q’ab sit (v) ku’bi’k slave (n) -alk’ual ja sit [Momos] (v) ku’li’k sleep (v) warik sit [Toto] (v) t’uyi’k sleep sitting up (v) puk’ma’y -jolom che sit on crossed feet (like women) (v) sepi’k waräm sit on something (v) t’uyilej sleep with (v) war uk’ sit on something with crossed feet (v) seplej sleeper, person who’s always sleeping (n) sit on the ground (v) t’uyi’k pa ulew xwa’r sit with both legs to one side (women) (v) sotik sleepiness (n) waram sitting curled up (animal with legs folded sleeping (adj) warinaq under the body) (adj) kotolik sleeplessness (n) k’ask’atem sitting on knees resting on crossed feet (adj) sleepy-head (n) ajwaram, xwa’r sepelik sleeve (n) q’ab sitting vertically (pitcher of water) (adj) tik’ilik slice (v) ramij six (n) waqib slice, cut up into pieces (bread) (adj) pusum six childen (n) waqk’al slide (v) jililik, jilkenik, jilq’apatajik sixteen (n) waqlajuj slide off (blanket from bed) (v) choqba’ sixteenth (num) uwaqlajuj slightly sideways (adv) tzalatzik sixth (adj) uwaq sling (David) (n) wik’iaq 253 sling (made of rubber) (n) k’ua small owl (n) kurupup sling made of fibers (n) ikiäq’ small piece (n) xet’ sling shot (n) ikiäq’, iqa, k’ua, ikaq’ small receptacle for water (often by grinding sling stone (n) k’iäqbal stone) (n) penabal slip (person, car in mud) (v) jilkenik small rug (n) su’t slip (v) jililik, jilijobik small sickle (for cutting wheat) (n-Esp) ixjos slip and fall (v) jilojobik small snake (n) ales slippery (adj) jilibal, pilin small stone idols (n) k’abawil slippery place (n) jilibal small tortilla (n) lej xit slither (like a snake) (v) juruj -ib small, truly small (adj) qas ch’utin slither (snake) (v) chararej -ib, jururik small, young (adj) xit sliver (n) muchu’l che’ smaller than normal (grains, beans) (adj) sliver moon (n) k’ä ne’ ri ik’ much’mul slivers, wood chips (from cutting) (n) muchu’l smallest (n) ch’i’p slosh (v) chuq’chutik smallpox (n) ch’a’k, loq’obal slosh (water in a bottle) (v) chänq’u’tik smart (adj) nim -etamabal slow (adj) nojim smash (body part in door) (tv1) pach’ slowly (adv) xa sta’qil, chi nojimal, kokojil, smash (v) wach’, juk’, ch’iy nojim smashed (adj) pach’om slowly (poco a poco) (adj) taqilal smashed (tomatoes) (adj) pitz’pobinaq slowly (v) wikiaj smear (n) xaqibal slowness (n) nojimal smear (paint or ashes) (v) xaq small (adj-plural) ch’utiq smear (tv1) bil small (adj) alaj, la’j, nich’, silaj, xil, nuch’, smear (v) lotz’ ch’utin smear on (v) soq’ small [Totonicapán] (adj) nitz’ smell (v) chuwinik small amount of something (n) jumutz smell burned (v) ch’ich’obik small basket with handle (to carry eggs, etc.) smell fishy (n) xexal (n) xu’k smell good (food, flower, perfume) (v) small child (n) nuch’, noya k’ok’inik small crook-necked squash (n) bus smell of a skunk (n) ch’ich’ rech par small drum used in dances (n) la’j tun smell of bad breath (n) xex pa -chi’ small fish (n) sa’y smell of body odor (n) xexal small fish from the coast (n) say smell of rancid meat (n) xexal small fly believed to contain the souls of smell something (v) siq ancestors (n) natup smell with nose close up (v) siqinik small form of copal incense (n) k’o’x smell, sense of smell (n) siqobal small hawk (n) bix wil smells like urine or skunk (adj) ch’ich’ small hole (in door so can see out) (n) tel smelly (adj) chu small horse (n) k’in kiej smile (n) tze’tzatem small idol used by diviners (n) alxik smile (v) tze’nik, tze’tzatik small intestines (n) alaj taq ixkolob smile in communication with another without small lizard (n) ixpa’ch, xpa’ch speaking (v) yumtze’nik small mill (n) tukubal smoke (a pan on the fire) (v) k’isk’obik small nocturnal bird of pray (sigua monte) (n) smoke (fire or volcano) (v) el sib buq smoke (n) sïb 254 smoke (v) sik’aj, buquwik, t’isowik, sïbanik snitch, tattle-tale (chillón) (n) puch’ smoke from fire (n) -sibal q’aq’ snood, dangling flesh of turkey’s beak (n) smoke something (cigar) (v) tubaj -chachal no’s smoke something (food) (v) k’isk’obisaj snore (v) joq’oq’ik, sumunik, qororik smoked (meat) (adj) sibarinaq snort (v) qororik smoked (tamales or fish) (adj) k’isk’obinaq snow (n) saq tew, abäj tew smoky (wall from fire) (adj) sibarinaq so that (conj) -ech smoky-colored (adj) sib soak (v) mu’, jaj, mubaj, munik, muxik smooth (adj) ch’uch’üj soak something (to clean it) (v) muba’ smudge (n) xaqibal soak something (v) ch’aqisaj smudge (v) xaqirisaj soaked (adj) mubam smudge something (v) xaqij soaked corn kernels (n) tzi smut, corn smut (n) ch’ajach’ soaked corn ready for grinding (n) ke’ snack (n) q’atbal -numik soaking (dirty clothes) (adj) mu’lik snail (n) lojoj awaj, yuquq soap (n) ch’ipäq snail, land snail (n) t’ot’ soap (n-esp) xäbon snail, river snail (n) tot’is soap plant (n) ch’ipäq snake (n) kumätz soap plant, natural (fruit used especially in snake illness (recurring sudden cramps and Zunil as soap) (n) tzajon painful joints) (n) kumatz soap, ball of soap (n) juk’olaj ch’ipaq snake track (n) jururibal soap, plant used as soap (n) uwotzi’ snake venom (n) -ki’ cumätz soap, spherical shaped (adj) t’oyt’ik snake, boa constrictor (n) chiwekox sob (v) jiq’jatik, biq’batik snake, coral snake (n) xop, kiaq chib sobre sudadero of horse (n) tasbal snake, culebron snake (large snake) (n) ralxik sodden (dirt floor) (n) raxmaqalik snake, green snake (n) räx aqan soft (adj) ch’un snake, jumping viper (n) timbo soft (blanket) (adj) ch’uch’üj snake, large snake (n) chiwekox soft like cooked gourd (adj) t’on snake, mazacuata snake (n) talabom soft spot on baby’s head (n) ja’j snake, poisonous (n) sachoj soften (leather) (v) ch’uch’ujirik snake, rattlesnake (n) tzojtzoj kumätz, sochaj, soften (v) yub kiaqxop soil (n) ulew snake, small (n) ales soil, fertile or moist (adj) quq snake, venomous (n) atoy soiled (adj) tz’il snake, viper (n) sachoj, q’än chi’ solar calendar of 365 days (n) masewal q’ij snake’s trail (n) cherbal solar clock (n) kajbal snap fingers (v) paq’ ri u-wi q’abaj solar eclipse (n) xkäm q’ij, käm q’ij snap, break (tree branch) (v) jäq’ solar year (n) junab q’ij snatch (v) toqij soldier (n) t’oit’ik jolom, ajch’o’j snatch away (toy from child) (v) tuquj sole of shoe (n) -pa r-aqan xajab, -xe’ xajab snatch away (v) majanik Sololá (n) Tzolola sneeze (n) at’ixnam, at’ixnab, t’ixam Solstice, Summer (June 12?) (n) Käqaj Q’ij sneeze (v) t’ixnabik, at’ixnapik solstice, winter solstice (sun ascends) (n) sniff (breath with a stuffy nose) (v) sit’najik xaq’an q’ij sniff (v) siq solution (n) utzirik snitch, stool-pigeon (n) puch’ solve problem (v) ch’ob 255 some (adj) jujun soon, very soon (adv) xaqbi some (n) keboxib soot (n) xaq, aba’q some (nik’aj mansa’n-- some apples) (n) nik’aj soot, blackened with soot (adj) xaq someday (adv) pa janipa’ q’ij sop (bread in honey) (tv1) t’in someone hard of hearing (n) tak sop (bread) (v) mu’ someone paid by the month (n) ajik’ sop food in liquid (bread in coffee) (tv1) something (n) juxil rub something (pro) jas sore from hard work (adj) räx ch’aych’obinaq something done in secret (n) nawalik sore, cold sore (n) -pa chi’aj, q’aq’ pa -chi’ something entrusted (n) oqxa’n sore, fakial sore (from poor hygiene) (n) something that smells like urine or skunk (n) salpi’ch ch’ich’ soreness (n) k’umatz something tied up (n) yut’uyik sores on skin (n) ch’a’k something to hit with (n) ch’ayibal sorrow (n) toj, bisonem something used to make money (n) yakbal sort, put in order (v) chol, lem something used to tie (string or rope) (n) sought after (adj) tzukum ximbal soul (n) uxlabal, k’u’x something used to wrap tortillas (n) pisbal wa soul, heart (n-Span) anima’ something which cleans by wiping (n) su’bal sound bad (as in a marimba) (adj) t’oy something which closes (n) tz’apibal sound like a landslide, thunder (v) tililik something which has many holes (n) sound like heavy rain (v) bujujik worowobisam, worom sound metal grinding or screeching against something which is frightening (n) xibibal metal (brakes) (v) qitz’najik something which opens (n) torobal sound muffled (like tapping on cracked pot) something which pertains to the coast (n) (v) ch’arch’atik taq’ajal sound of a drum (n) tun something which saddens (n) bisobal sound of a waterfall (n) pulch’ich’ something which weighs little (see patzpoy, sound of an earthquake (v) worq’otik pospo’y) (n) potzpo’y sound of an empty cart bouncing along (v) something with a hole opened into it (adj) tartatik teq’tobinaq sound of cracking or breaking bone or stick (v) something with pieces broken off (adj) q’uplajik kech’kobinaq sound of falling water (v) tz’utuwik sometimes (adv) jujun mul sound of feet dancing (n) xajoj somewhat crazy (n) tak sound of feet in mud (n) xq’ol son of a female (n) al ala, -al ala sound of fingers in corn dough (n) sq’om son of male (n) k’ojol sound of fire (n) poroj song (n) bix sound of flowing water (v) roq’obala’ song of a bird (n) chio chio sound of footsteps (v) k’ojnojik u pa raqan song to the sun (n) bix q’ij sound of footsteps on hard surface (v) tanlajik songbook, book of songs, hymns (n) bixobal sound of grains scattering on surface (wheat on son-in-law (n) ji’ table) (v) k’ararik son-in-law (n) k’ojolabal sound of gushing liquid (water from a pipe) (v) son-in-law of a female (n) alab woxoxik soon, in a little while (adv) pa jun rato sound of heavy rain or wind in trees of forest soon, in a moment (adv) kamik na (v) chojojik 256 sound of hen before lays (v) qalaqatik sparse (adj) chra, xekal -wäch sound of male turkey when stretches out wings spasm (n) cho’kiej, cho’kiaj (v) qososik speak (v) ch’awik, tzijonik sound of many people (v) witz’itz’ik speak about (v) ch’aw ch-ij sound of metal (machete striking wood) (v) speak badly of another person (v) k’iaqlaj tzininik -ch’awik sound of metal striking metal (bell ringing) (v) speak blood--means of receiving supernatural ch’inlijik message (v) cha’ -kik’el sound of owl (n) tukur speak deceptively (v) xa -bij sound of rain, earthquake, wind, fast-moving speak in secret (v) jasjatik truck passing by (v) jumumik speak in whispers (v) tzijon pa jasjatem sound of rushing water (v) ch’ekmayik speak on behalf of (v) ch’aw ch-ij sound of rushing water or wind (v) jomomik speak through nose (v) qemqetik sound of something hard on hard surface (ax speak to (v) ch’abej on hard wood) (v) k’ojnajik speak vain things (v) alachi’k sound of splitting wood (v) paq’najik speak with a nasal voice (v) qemqetik sound of things bouncing in a wheelbarrow (v) speak with difficulty (v) t’ebnajik tararik speak with hand signals (v) bij pa memal, ya’ sound of walking (v) pok’naj -xäjäb -bixik ruk’ ri -q’ab sound of waves on a shore (n) plo spear (n) bate’ sound of wooden objects bouncing (v) tarnajik specialist diviner uses elegant prayers and soup (from caldo) (n-esp) kalto Latin liturgy (n) ajbix soup (n) sq’om speck (something in the eye) (n) pus soup of chilacoyote squash (n) tanajim speck, matter in eyes (n) puruk soup of haba beans (n) tzin kinaq’ spectacle (n) ka’yem soup, black bean soup (n) -wa’l kinaq’ q’eq spectator (n) ka’yel sour (adj) ch’äm specter (n) muj sour lime (n) alamnäx speech (n) ch’abal south (n) -mox ri relbal q’ij, ikiem, kaxkut kaj speed (n) kowim south, ritual title for south (assoc. with speedy (n) k’awex maleness, right) (n) kajxukut kaj spend (v) sach, sachik Southern Cross constellation (n) ikim kajbal spherical (adj) k’olok’ik souvenir (n) na’tabal, natabal spherical shaped (soap) (adj) t’oyt’ik sow (corn) (v) awexik spherical, round (adj) surusik sow (v) tik, tikonik spice used on beans, chicken (n) sik’aj sower (n) tikonel spice, súchele (a spice made from the zapote sowing (n) tikonijik, awexibal seed used in atole) (n) ixchu’n sown (adj) tikom spicy (adj) paqon space between two things (n) xol spicy hot (chile) (adj) poqon Spanish broom (plant) (n) tzaj spider (n) äm Spanish language (n) käxlan tzij spider monkey (n) k’oy Spanish language (n-esp) kastilla spider venom (n) -ki’al äm Spanish woman or dresses like one (n) xinul spider web (n) -kem äm, -kiem äm spark (from fire) (n) -pix q’aq’ spider, daddy long legs (n) chu awäj sparrow (n) witz’itz’ik, ch’iq spider, poisonous spider (n) -äm kiej sparrow-hawk (n) xik spider, tarantula (n) pa r-aqan kiej 257 spill (v) tixik, belowik spoil (meat) (v) chuwirik spill out (liquid by accident) (v) tojinik spoil (milk) (v) ch’ämirik spill out (water from a pila into street) (v) spoil (v) chuluj -ib ch’ororik spoiled (adj) q’ayinaq spin (thread) (v) bätz’inik spoken to (adj) bixtaj spin (v) solij sponge (n) wo’s spin around (v) sututik spongy (car seat or sponge) (adj) pospo’y spin thread (v) bätz’ij spongy (v) wososik spin, rotate (v) sutij spontaneous, off the cuff (adj) ponom spine (book) (n) ij spoon, large spoon (particularly made from spine (maguey) (n) ch’ut gourd) (n) pak’ spine (n) q’atzq’alil re u-wo -achaq spot (n) ak’ <-palaj> spine of guisquil (n) -tza’m k’ix spotted (adj) ak’ r-i’j spinner of thread (n) bätz’inel spotted egg (n) ch’umil r-ij spinner, person who spins thread (n) q’inol spouse (n) k’ulaj batz’ spread (butter) (tv1) jik spinning wheel (n) bätz’ibal, solibal batz’, spread (fertilizer) (v) tukij q’in, axno’ spread (like butter on bread) (v) soq’ spinning, distaff (for holding wool in spinning) spread (like thick liquid on table when spilled) (n) q’inobal (v) bejejik spiny weed which grows in jungle (n) tzakäm spread (wings) (adj) ripilik spiny, bristly (adj) k’ix, q’ux r-ij spread (wings) (tv1) rip spirit (n) uxlabal, nawalik spread on (tv1) koj spirit of mountains, traditions (n) Tzitzimit, spread out (adj) lik’ilik Saqi K’oxol spread out (cloth) (adj) lik’om spirit, evil spirit (n) xibinel spread out (cloth) (v) rik’ spiritualist (revered specialist diviner conducts spread out (tablecloth) (adj) lik’inik seances) (n) ajnawal mesa spread out (tablecloth) (tv1) lik’ spit (v) chubanik, pubaj spring (n) relibal ja’, k’ua’, bulbux spit on something (tv2) chubaj spring (season) (n) k’astajibal spit out something (medicine) (v) wupij spring forth (water from ground) (v) bulbutik splash (v) puq’najik, chuq’linik, chuq’lij ri ja’ spring, fountain (n) k’iyibal ja’ splash (water in jug when jostled) (v) spring, hot spring (n) wolqot chuq’chutik sprinkle (v) chikoj splash (water in pot) to throw down (v) pulinik sprinkle something (water on dirt floor to keep splash, sprinkle (v) chkij down dust) (v) chikicha’ splatter (with mud) (v) chikoj sprinkle water with hands (v) lochij spleen (n) poror sprinkle, splash (v) chkij split (adj) tzak’inaq sprinkled (adj) jäbalik split (firewood) (adj) paq’om sprout (n) tu’x split (v) paq’ij sprout (v) tu’xik, tuxanik, tuxik, tu’xanik split (wood) (tv1) paq’, paq’inik sprout, shoot (n) tux split open (adj) paq’ininaq sprout, tree produces new sprout from root (v) split, crack in skin below toe (n) xämkur wächinik spoil (food) (v) xaq’alik spruce fir tree (n) säqache’ spoil (fruit) (v) q’ayik 258 spruce fir tree or needles (pinabete) (n) tz’in stab (tv1) toq’ chäj stab (v) chuq’ spun (thread) (adj) bätz’im stable (adj) chak’alik spy (n) ilonel stable, crib (n) echa’bal spy (v) yuxkutik stable, horse stable (n) -wabal kiej spy on (v) yuxij stable, not wobbly (table on floor, or a house) spy on something (v) yuxilej (adj) chak’alik square (adj) kajkaj, kiejeb -xkut, tayuy, kieb stack (firewood) (v) nut -tzaltmal staff (n) ch’ami’y square (n) kajtzalaj rij staff of office (from vara) (n-esp) bara squash (ayote) (n) mukun staff of office of chuchqajaw (n) tak’alibal squash (güicoy or ayote) (n) mukun stagger from illness (v) baq’otik squash, small crook-necked squash (n) bus stain (clothes by accident) (v) q’o’ -ib squash, soup of chilacoyote squash (n) tanajim stain (n) tz’il

squat (v) ch’ucubaj, ch’ukik stain (v) tz’aj squat, crouch (v) wuch’baj stained (adj) tz’il, soq’atajinaq squatting (adj) wuch’ulik, ch’uculik stained (n) amalo -pam squeak (of door) (v) wak’ak’ik stairway (n) q’a’m squeak (old metal, like a nail pulled out of stalk, dry corn stalk (n) patz’an wood) (v) qich’ich’ik stall (n) kabal squeak (rat) (v) pitz’ipitik stammer [Toto] (v) tit’atik squeak (rubbing leather or rubber as in new stamp down (v) t’ik shoes) (v) qich’owik stamp foot on ground (v) tiltitik squeak (v) witz’witik stampede of bulls (n) tzuruj squeal (pig, infant) (v) witz’inik stanched (adj) chemelik squealing, sound metal grinding or screeching stand (v) tak’i’k against metal (brakes) (v) qitz’najik stand erect (v) yaq squeeze (tv1) yitz’ stand on, walk on (v) tak’alej squeeze hard (too hard a handshake) (tv1) stand something up (v) tak’aba’ q’ir stand something up (v) tak’iba’ squeeze or hold hard (v) muq’ej standing (adj) tak’alik squeeze out (tv1) pitz’ standing like a spider or crab (adj) wak’alik squeeze out drops (oil, water) (v) tzutij standing on all fours (animal) (adj) chakalik squinty-eyed (adj) tzalwäch, jaljiwäch standing on knees only (adv) xuki’k squirrel (n) kuk standing straight (adj) tak’al suk’ squish (flea with fingernail, or worm with standing wall (n) tantik shoe) (v) pich’ star (Momostenango) (n) ch’umil squish (like stepping on worm) (v) pich’inik star (Totonikapán) (n) ch’imil squish (soft mud when stepped on or worked) star, falling star (n) -achaq ch’imil (v) puq’najik stare (tv1) tzu’ squish something (like stepping on bug) (v) stare without listening, glare (v) tabatik pich’ij starling (n) tzintziboj squish, sound of feet in mud (n) xq’ol start (tv1) chap, jeq squished (adj) pitz’pobinaq start (v) majij stab (not to death) (v) puy start doing something (v) maj -banik stab (to death) (v) toq’oj started (adj) majim 259 startle (v) xibij sticky (tape or bandage) (adj) lach’ach’ik startle, quick intake of breath (when startled) sticky mud (n) käch’ xoq’ol (v) biq’ilijik stiff (adj) tak’atik starve to death, die of hunger (v) kämik che stiff (hair) (adj) che’ numik stiffen (body, over-ripe herb) (v) che’rik state of being lost (n) sachbal ib still water (in well) (n) suq statue (n) wächibal, tz’aq still, thus, until (adv) k’ä stay (v) yonolikinik stillness (n) matzalem stay behind (v) kanaj kan stilts used to keep out of mud (n) chitik stay in one place (v) jeqi’k sting (bee) (v) tzop, tzoponik stay in shade (v) mujanik sting (tv1) ti’ steal (v) elaq’anik, t’orij, tzaq -q’ab ch-e sting (v) much, ti’onik, ti’ik, buti’ steal away, escape, flee (v) el chi –aqan stinger (bee) (n) tiobal steal something (v) to’yej ubik, elaq’aj stinginess (n) xu’yal steam (hot bowl of soup) (v) so’sotik stinging nettle (chichicaste) (n) la steam (n) ab, -uxlab ja’, -sibal ja’ stingy (adj) xu’y, xip steambath (n) tuj stingy, not charitable (adj) ko -anima’ steel (n) räx ch’ich’ stink (v) chuwinik steep (adj) xuluxuj stinky (dead carcass) (adj) chu steep (road or mountain) (adj) juyub stipend (n) tojom steep portion of a trail (n) paqalik stir (tv1) kich, yuj, lu’ stem (n) -aqän kotz’i’j stir (v) yujya’, yujik, tuk stench (n) chuwil, chu stir up (people to act) (v) tikij step of a ladder (n) -ware’ q’am stir up trouble (v) koj k’ulel step on (v) tak’albej stitch (n) t’ison, k’alk’ax, kumatz, toq’lijik, tur step, foot, leg (nabe r-aqan ri ne’-baby’s first stitch (tv1) t’is step) (n) aqän stockings (n) pisbal -aqan step-mother (n) nanabal, chuchubal stolen (adj) elaq’am, elaq’ax steps, house steps (n) paqabilibal stomach (n) pam step-sister of a male (n) anababal stomach cramps (if recurrent, calling to be step-son or daughter (of woman) (n) alabal ajq’ij) (n) yitz’inaq pamaj sterile (adj) man alk’ualanel taj, mencho’r stomach infection (n) pamaj sterile land (n) käch’ xoq’ol stomach pain (n) q’oxow pomaj stick (v) nak’, nak’ik stone (fruit) (n) baq’ stick out tongue (v) kopij -aq’ stone (v) buk’ chabaj stick something (v) nak’ba’ stone sculpture (n) wächibal abäj stick to (v) nak’inik stone supports, tenamaste (three stones that stick to something (v) nak’aba’ support cooking pot) (n) ixk’ub stick used for beating grain (n) q’osibal stone wall marking boundaries (n) qumuq stick used to tie up firewood (n) säluk’ stone, boundary stone (n) q’olbat stick with bark whittled off (adj) qolom stone, colored (n) chachal sticking up from beneath something (stubble stone, great wall of stones (n) tz’aq from ground) (adj) pichilik stone, grinding stone (n) ka’ sticks (n) xik’ay stone, little (n) wabäj stickum (n) nak’bal stone, rock, testicle (n) abäj sticky (adj) nak’ak’ik stone, sharpening stone (n) wux, wux abaj 260 stone, sling stone (n) k’iäqbal stranger (n) käxlan winaq, jule’ winaq, stone, washing stone (n) juch’aj ajch’akap ja stones, boundary marker (usually heap of strangle (v) jitz’aj stones) (n) k’ulbat strap connected to bit of horse (n) xakima stones, flat (used for washing clothes by river) strap, horse strap (n) xk’iema (n) tz’alam abaj straw (n) loptes, tes stool (n) tem straw bed (n) sok stool-pigeon (n) puch’ straw mat (n) pop stoop (v) chaqi’k stream (n) binel ja’ stooped over (adj) chaqalik strength (n) chuq’ab stop (bus, work) (v) tak’i’k strengthener, that which strengthens (n) stop (v) tanabaj, q’atalik, tani’k, q’at kowilibal stop anger (v) paqun -oyowal pa -jolom stretch (cloth) (tv1) lik’ stop eating (v) elej stretch (person in the morning, from fatigue) stop short (v) tak’i’k (v) yuquqej -ib stop something (v) q’atej stretch out (cloth, rubber) (v) yuqyobik stop up (nose, bowels, etc.) (v) tz’apatajik stretch out (dry leather in water) (v) riprobik stop, make something stop (v) tak’aba’ stretch out (rubber) (tv1) yuq stop, suspend (work) (v) tanaba’ stretch out (v) yuq stopped (adj) tanalik, tanalinaq, tak’alik stretch, extend (cloth) (v) lik’ -wäch store (n-esp) tienta stretched out (on bed from fatigue) (adj) storm drain (n) tz’ujbal tutz’ulik storm, severe (n) kiäqiq’ jab stricken (adj) ch’ayom storm, tempest, thunder (n) kaqulja’ stride (space between steps) (n) -xol -aqan storm, whirling rain in storm (n) sutz’ kumatz strike (as in a pig before killing it) (v) yap story (n) puk, tzijobelil, tzijoxik, tzij strike (v) kajij, pichq’ij, k’iaqik, k’äqik stove (n) miq’bal strike (v) q’osij straight (adj) suk’ulik, suk’alaj strike (with fist) (v) buk’ straight (adv) suk’um strike (with piece of furniture or a club) (tv1) straight (hair) (adj) jililik potz’ straight (road) (adj) jikom strike (with tail) (v) nek’ straight [Momos] (adv) kolom strike hour (clock or bell) (v) ya’ ri hora straight road (n) suk’ulik be strike something (knee on a rock) (v) puk’ij straight, upright (adj) suk’ strike with something flat (v) laq’ij straighten (v) suk’ubik, jikomaj strike with something wide and flat (v) palej straighten up (v) suk’umanik string (beads) (tv1) jut straighten, repair, prepare (v) suk’umaj string (n) k’am straightened (adj) suk’umam string (v) putzukaj straightness (n) suk’il string bean (ejote) (n) biloj strain (v) cha’, yikya’ string beans (n) räx kinaq’, tzakoy strain something (v) chayuj string for measuring (n) etabal k’am strained (adj) chayum string of beads (n) jut ch’ach’al strained (coffee) (adj) cha’om string of beads (n) t’is ch’ach’al strained atole drink (n) joch’ string of garlic hung on wall (n) ak’an strainer, sieve (n) cha’bal, jarne’r, jarne’l string or rope, something used to tie (n) ximbal strange (adj) tze’bal 261 string, rope (used to tie something up) (n) succeed (v) k’ulmatäjik, kuinik yut’bal súchele (a spice made from the zapote seed strip away (v) q’ululej used in atole) (n) ixchu’n strip of leaves (tv1) q’ul suck (v) tz’ubik strip something naked (v) ch’anaba’ suck something (candy) (tv1) tz’u’ stripped of glaze (plate, cup) (adj) suck something (v) tz’ub tzok’tzobinaq suddenly (adv) xa te’talik, xa k’äte’ stroke (tv1) jik suddenly [Momos] (adv) k’äteq stroke gently, fondle, rub (head of baby) (v) suddenly [Toto] (adv) k’ätetalik malama’ suds (soap) (n) woqow strong (adj) ko, k’o -chuq’ab sue (v) tzujunik, tzujuj strong and hard cord (n) k’uläm suffer (v) riq k’ax strong cramps (stomach or menstral) (n) suffer a reversal of fortune after a success (v) yitz’itz’ qajbexik strut (turkey, rooster, person) (v) chititik sufficient (adv) xuwi la’ stuck (adj) nak’alik sugar (n-esp) asukal student (n) tijoxel sugar cane (n) äjij study (v) tijoj -ib sugar, panela (unrefined brown sugar) (n) kab study of the stars (n) no’j ch’umil suitcase (n-Esp) male’t, tana’t stuff (gently) (v) balij Summer Solstice (June 12?) (n) Käqaj Q’ij stuff (v) titz’ summer, first days of summer (n) ajsikil saqil stuffed full (bag, net of corn) (adj) xaq’axik summoned, called for (adj) sik’italik stumble (n) cheq’ sun in June (illuminates south side of cave or stumble (v) chaq’ij -aqan, piq’ij -aqan, cheq’ij door) (n) ikim saqil -aqan sun something (blanket) (v) miq’ cho q’ij stumble on something (v) pichq’ij u-wi’ -aqan sun, dancer who represents the sun (n) ajq’ij cho sun, ray of sun (n) -tun q’ij stumble over (v) chaq’ij sundial (n) kajbal stupid (adj) ba’x, pay, kon, t’oy sunrise, first appear rays of sun (v) natat uloq stupid person (n) kon, jolom chij, jolom kej, ri u tun ri q’ij pay sun’s path (n) -be q’ij stupidity (n) konil sunset (refers to the coloration of the sky at sturdy, as a house (adj) chak’alik sunset) (n) ixq’änil stutter (v) tak’tomanik, tebtajik -aq, man -el tä superior (adj) nim -banik -tzij, lotolik -aq, mematik, tit’atik, supernatural being (n) nawal ch’aqch’atik suppor something vertical (v) tek’baj stutterer (n) tebtatik -aq support (beams of house) (v) toq’ej subdue (v) kuin ch-e support (n) tzuil submerge (in water) (v) jutjubik support (v) chakuyik submerge (tv1) jux support someone (v) ilij submerge in water (v) qasaj xe’ ja’ supportive pole (n) -aqän ja submerge vessel (in water to fill it) (v) sure (adj) q’alaj, jik, jikilik, qas julq’upij surpass (v) ya’ -wi’ substitute (n) k’exwäch, k’exel surround (v) sutij -ij suburbs (n) tza’n ja, tza’m taq ja surrounded (town by mountains) (adj) sutim -ij suburbs, outskirts of town (n) tza’m taq ja surrounded by (prep) ch-ij -onojel 262 suspend (work), stop (v) tanaba’ swindle or cheat someone (v) q’och suspended (adj) tanalik swine mange (sarna de coche) (n) -chikop aq sustain (v) to’ik swing (n) sa’y sustain (with hands) (v) uk’a’j swing (often hanging from tree) (n) tzay sustained with two hands (adj) lot’em swing (v) siyo’penik swallow (bird) (n) kui kui swing arms (v) say -q’ab, sayasa’ -q’ab swallow (medicine, etc.) (v) karq’uj swing side to side (bridge in wind) (v) sayo’w swallow (v) biq’onik, kajmajinik -wi’ swallow whole (tv1) biq’ swing side to side (v) biyo’mik, biyowik swamp (n) suq swing something (baby) (tv1) say sway (bridge in wind) (v) biyo’mik, biyowik swing something from side to side (baby in sway, moverse (tree branch in wind) (v) hammock) (tv2) biyomisaj salabik swinging motion (n) sayopem swear (v) tz’umaj kaj, tz’anabej swipe out with paw (v) q’abinik sweat (from illness) (n) saq tiqow swish (like a skirt) (v) roqnajik sweat (tv1) boq ja’ swish (v) rupnajik sweat (v) el pa ja’, el ja’, buxlajik, tzaq ja’ swollen (adj) pun, sorosik, sipojinaq sweat on face (v) el ja’ cho -palaj swoon (n) petibal wi’ sweep (tv1) mes symbol (n) natabal sweep (v) mesik, mesonik symbol of man (forked pole to support a sweeper (n) mesonel branch) (n) kab che’ sweeping (n) mes syncope and shouting (n) q’abarik sweepings (n) mes syphilis (n) pus sweet (adj) ki’ tábano (horsefly that bites horses) (n) ixkatz sweet bread made of coarse flour without egg table (n) mexa’ yolks or shortening (n) xeka table (n-esp) mesa sweet corn on the cob (boiled, roasted) (n) äj taboo (adj) awas sweet lime (n-esp) alima’ taboo (n) awas sweet potato (n) kamot, ixq’anajoy tadpole (n) ixtor sweet potato (patata--Solanum tuberosum) (n) tail (n) je’ is tailless animal (n) kut sweet tooth, person with a sweet tooth (n) jiq’ tailor (Momostenango) (n) ajt’iso’m sweeten something (v) ki’risaj tailor (n) t’isanel, ajt’isomanel sweeten with honey (v) kabawik tailor (Totonicapán) (n) t’isomanel sweetmeats (n) ch’olom sikil tailor shop (n) t’isombal sweetness (n) ki’al take a path (v) maj -be sweets (n) kab take a road (v) chap -be swell (v) sansatik take a trip (iv) bek swell (v) sipoj take a walk (v) wa’katik swell up (hand from insect bite) (v) sipojik take away (tv1) jol swell up (v) punik take away (v) elesaj, majij swelling (n) sipoj, sipojem, ch’ucuch’ik take away all that belongs to something (v) swelling (on cattle) (n) puk’pik q’ululej swept (adj) mesom take away by force (land, candy from baby) (v) swill, pig swill (n) -uk’ia’ aq toqij swim (v) muxanik take away forcefully (v) tuquj 263 take blame for accident (v) eqlej tamale, large tamale taken on trips (n) tz’aqom take care (expression) nojim katbe wi tamales made from potatoes (n) pach’ take care (lit. slowly you go) (expression) tamales wrapper, large leaf in which tamales nojim katbek are wrapped (n) maxän take care of (v) chajij tamales wrapper, leaf for wrapping tamales (n) take down, destroy (v) wulij q’anaq’ take hold of (tv1) chap tamalito of corn (n) süb take hold, to take away forcibly (tv1) maj tamalitos wrapper, corn leaf (n) tz’alik take in hem of something (tv1) yoch tame (from manso) (adj-esp) manxo take leave of (v) ch’abej kan tame (v) ban manxo ch-e, manxorisaj take lodging overnight (v) oqxa’nij -ib tan (egg-colored) (adj) q’änq’oj take off (blanket) (tv1) jol tan or yellowish from dirt (shirt, wall) (adj) take off (name from list) (v) esaj q’änpu’r take off fleas (v) nik’oj tangle something (thread) (v) patzukaj take off weight (v) qaj tangle something (twine or rope) (v) putzukaj take out (sliver from under skin) (v) pichpob tangled (adj) patz, patzkuyik uloq tangled (rope or string) (adj) putzu’k take out (v) elesaj, esaj tap (v) k’orok’ot take out of the earth (v) turkupij tape (n) nak’bal take pity on someone (v) toq’obisaj -wäch tapir (n) t’ix take shelter (v) pa’nik tarantula (n) pa r-aqan kiej take something apart (tv1) tur tarnish (v) chuluj -ib take upon self, place on shoulders (v) telej task (n) chilab taken apart (car or machine) (adj) turtubinaq taste (n) ki’al tale (n) bixik taste good (v) utz -tijowik talk (casual conversation) (v) ch’awik taste test of something (given before buying) talk (v) tzijonik (n) na’bal re talk a lot (v) raq’oq’ik taste, feel (v) na’ talk about someone (true or untrue) (v) tzijoj tasteless (adj) ki’koj talk continuously (v) wululik tasty tidbits (n) jastaq re jiq’ol talk indirectly about person in his presence (v) tattle on someone (v) ban tzij ch-ij k’iäqow xikin kuban che tattle-tale (chillón) (n) puch’ talker (n) ch’awinel tax (n) tojobal, alkabal tall (adj) wak’äwik, nim -aqän tax collector (n) toq’il tall (n) biribik tax collector (n) toq’inel alcabal tall (person) (adj) tak’atik tax, collector of fees, taxes (n) toq’inel tall, very tall (tree, etc.) (adj) nim aq’aninaq te de monte (n) kiäq k’ix tallow (n-esp) xepo’ tea, te de monte (n) kiäq k’ix talon, claw (bird), nail (finger), hoof (n) teach (v) tijoj ixk’iaq teacher (n) tzijonel, ajtij, tijonel tamal tayuyo (n) obe’n teaching (n) tijonem, tijonik tamale (equal parts corn and beans) eaten just team (n) juq’at, jupuq, juch’ob before New Year’s (n) uben tear (cloth) (iv) bit’inik tamale of elote (green corn) (n) ak’ wa tear (cloth) (v) rich’ij tamale with meat inside (n) lik tamal tear (cloth, paper) (v) raq’tij tamale without meat inside (n) tumin tear (clothing from fall) (v) ritakiej 264 tear (fabric on a nail) (v) jisjobik tender corn (n) ak’ wa tear (paper, cloth) (tv1) bit’ tender, edible shoots of the guisquil (n) -tza’m tear (paper, cloth) (tv1) tzer ch’ima tear (tv1) jis tenderize (meat) (v) ch’uch’ujirik tear apart (tv1) jis tenth (n) -lajuj tear apart with teeth or hands (as in cloth or terminate (v) k’isik meat) (v) t’ubij territory (n) juyubal tear open (v) teq’etobik terror (n) xibinem tear something (v) jix test (v) tiq tear something thin, flat and flexible (corn testicle, horn (n) uk’a’ shucks) (tv1) wex testicle, stone, rock (n) abäj tear to pieces (coyote to lamb) (v) ch’aqatij testicles (n) oj, kowil tear to pieces (paper) (v) raqapuj testicles, inflamed testicles (n) woq tear up into pieces (iv) bit’boxik testified (adj) q’alajisam tearing sound (n) bit’ testify (v) saqirisaj, q’alajisanik tears (n) -wa’l -wäch, -wa’l -boq’wäch testimony (n) saqiribal, q’alajisabal tears, dried tears (n) puruk thank (v) k’am, tioxij, k’amowaj tears, flood of tears (n) oq’ej thank for something (xumaltioxij ri toq’ob ri teeth, change dentition (from baby to adult xban che) (v) maltioxij teeth) (v) ch’otinik -ware’ thanks (n) maltiox tell a joke (v) pukaj that (conj) chi tell gossip (v) tabatatik that (pro) le’, le tell stories (v) ya’ utzijol that (something far away and not seen) (pro) tell tales (v) ban tzij la’ tell, relate (story) (v) tzijoj that is (dem) are la’ temper with fire to make stronger (v) chojij that which (pro) jas temperament, pleasant (adj) jororem that which has become (n) chapom temperature (n) -q’aq’al that which strengthens (n) kowilibal tempermental, bad tempered (adj) titatik that’s good (exp) utz ri’ tempest, storm (n) kaqulja’ that’s right (dem) are k’ut temple (n) -achoch Dios, teoxibal thatch (n) k’im temple (of the head) (n) xax thatched roof house (n) k’ima ja temple (temporal area of face) (n) xaxol the (art) ri, le tempt (v) taqchi’j the being taught (n) tijoxik tempt to sin (v) taqchi’j che mac the day draws near for the harvest (v) qetet ri temptation (n) chi’bal mak, taqchi’nik q’ij re ri jach’ ten (n) lajuj the doing (n) banowik tenamaste (three stones that support cooking the fruit of a tree (v) -wäch che’ pot) (n) ixk’ub the nation of Guatemala (n) amaq’ Guatemala tenant (see also, boarder) (n) qajal ja, qajanel the next day (adv) chukab q’ij tend (animals) (v) tik the remainder (n) tz’aqatisabal tend (sheep) (v) yuq’uj the rest (n) tz’aqatisabal, jule’ tend, care for cultivated plot (v) josq’ij the reverse side (ri u-sal ri kamixa’--the tender (adj) ch’un, t’on reverse side of shirt) (n) sal tender (undried corn) (adj) ja’ the same (adj) junam tender (vegetables, corn) (adj) tur the same (adv) xa junam 265 the same day (adv) junam q’ij things (n) jastaq the smallest (n) ch’i’p think (calculative, worried way) (v) chomanik the sound of many people (v) witz’itz’ik think (creative, meditative way) (v) no’jinik the two of them (n) e kieb think (v) ch’omanic theft (n) eläq’ think about something (v) chomaj ch-ij, no’jij their (pos pro) k- think of something (v) chomaj, ch’omaj their (poss pro) ki think to your self (v) bij pa -k’u’x them (pro) e are’ third (adj) urox then (conj) k’äte ri’ third (num) rox there is no one (exp) maj jachin k’olik third and final grinding of corn (v) tzi there is none (adj) man k’o taj third day (Tuesday) (n) oxq’ij there isn’t any (adj) man k’o taj third part (n) rox q’at therefore (adv) xa ba cha’ third ranked Mam (n) No’j therefore (conj) k’ut, je k’u ri’ thirsty (adj) chaqi’j -chi’ they thought among themselves (v) thirteen (n) oxlajuj xkichomala’ chkibil kib thirteenth (num) roxlajuj thick (adj) juponaj, sorosik, nim -wäch this (Momostenango) (pro) wa’ thick (beard) (adj) patzapik this (pro) wa’ thick (board of wood or atole drink) (adj) this (Totonicapán) (pro) we t’ebet’ik this day (adv) wakamik thick (door, something large) (adj) t’eqet’ik this is (dem) are wa’ thick (liquid) (adj) tzatz this means (v) bij wa’ thick (n) much’ulik Thomas (n) Max thick (something flat like board) (adj) pim thorn (n) -k’ixol thick atole (n) tzatz q’or thorn, briar (n) k’ix thick boundary wall made of earth (n) tanatik those (pro) le’ thick tortilla (n) pixtun thought (n) chomabal, chomanik thick, big around (snake) (adj) yoloyik thought among themselves (v) xkichomala’ thick, fat (adj) tebotiq chkibil kib thicken (atole, jelly) (v) tzatzarik thousand (jun chuy-1000) (num) chuy thicket (n) jakal thousand (num) chuy thick-lipped (adj) bajbik thread (n) k’a äm, bätz’ thickness (n) pimel thread (needle) (tv1) jut thief (n) mok’onel, ajxik, elaq’om thread maker (n) bätz’inel thievery (n) elaq’anik thread, wool thread (n) chij thigh (n) a’, -pa -a’, ra’ three by three (adv) ox ox thigh, back of a thigh (n) -pawa -aqan three days ago (adv) oxjir thigh, part of the leg above the knee (n) a’ three stones that form the cooking fire thin (adj) ko’l -pam, päch’ach’, baq (tenamaste) (n) xk’ub thin (paper, cloth, wood) (n) xax three times (adv) oxmul thin (person) (adj) t’ol three totals (n) oxmuch’ thin (rope) (adj) ji’s three years ago (adv) oxbir thin (soup or atole) (adj) ch’ur thresh (v) jäch’anik, yaq’oj thin (v) xaxij thresher (n) jäch’anel thing (n) jasäch threshing (n) yoq’oj thing used for wrapping (n) pisbal throat (inside) (n) -pu qul 266 throat (n) qul, xul tie up (tv1) xim throb (v) tanowik tie up (v) bätz’, yut’ throne (n) ku’lbal, nimalaj t’uyulibal tied (adj) ximom through (prep) -umal tied up (adj) yut’ulik, yut’um throw (tv1) chaq’, k’iäq tied up, well tied up (adj) jat’ajik throw (v) k’äqik, k’iaqik tied, well tied (adj) ko jat’alik throw in jail (v) ya’ pa che’ tiller (n) tajinel throw one’s self down (v) ch’uke’k tilt (v) tzali’k throw out (v) esäj bik, esaj apanoq, k’iäq tilted, tipped (adj) tzali’k ubik tilted, tipped, laying to one side (adj) tzaltzik throw out something that has gone sour or bad timbrel (n) ch’inch’in (v) xaq’ij time (jumul--once or one time) (n) mul throw self (out of bed) (v) k’äq loq -ib time (n) q’eq ulew throw self (v) kote’k timely, on time (adv) aninäq throw self down to rest (v) pune’ik tin tray or plate (n) laq’alik ch’ich’ throw water on something (horse to clean it) tinted (adj) tzajom (v) repuj joron tipped, tilted (adj) tzali’k throw yourself down (in exhaustion) (v) poyi’k tipped, tilted, laying to one side (adj) tzaltzik thrown off (adj) punulik tire (v) kosik, bawik thrush (n) tzintziboj tired (adj) kosinaq thrust into (water) (tv1) jux tithing (n) -lajuj thud, sound of metal (machete striking wood) title for ancestors used in prayers (n) Nantat (v) tzininik title for chuchqajaw (n) tzuqunel thumb (assoc. by ajq’ijab with title for chuchqajaw (priest-shaman) (n) great-grandparents) (n) nima kaq’ab ch’awinel thumb (n) cham u-wi’ -q’ab, chom u-wi’ -q’ab, title for mortal remains of ancestors used in -nimal -q’ab, nima u wi q’ab prayers (n) muchulik baq, muchulik thumb (n) u-chomal q’abaj poqlaj thunder (n) ejinamik title for tz’ite beans used in divination (n) chak thunder explosively (firecracker, bomb) (v) patan ponalajik title for World Deity ("Round World"?) (n) thunder, shout (v) sanij Pachulum Mundo thunder, tempest, storm (n) kaqulja’ title of client in divination ceremony (n) thunderclap (n) poq’ik, q’ajan -winaqil thus (adv) jeri’ title of deity who comprises powers of world thus, still, until (adv) k’ä and tradition (n) Dios Mundo tick (n) ch’ut title of Dios Mundo as guardian of mountains tick, wood tick (n) sip (n) Juyubal tickle (n) choqön title of K’oxol (n) ajyuq’ tickle someone (v) choqönaj to (ix c’o chuc’amik wa--you are here to ticklishness (n) choqön receive food) (prep) chu- tidbits (n) jiq’obal to (prep) pa tie (tv1) xim to each one (prep) ch-jujunal tie (v) jat’ij, ximik to the bottom (adv) k’ä ch-pam tie loosely (tv1) suq to the contrary (adv) -jolom r-ib tie something (v) ximbej to the side of (prep) ch-chi’, ch-xkut 267 to, for, from (prep) ch-e top (n) joch’, wi’ toad (n) ixpäq, ixputz, ixpeq, xpeq top of the foot (n) -ij -aqan toadstool (n) ch’u’j ikox top of the head (n) ja’j toast (grains--habas, rice, corn) (v) k’ilij topple, crash (as a stack of items imperfectly toast (tortilla, tamalito) (v) wotz’otz’irisaj balanced) (v) tulututik toast (v) wotz’otz’ej, yakamarik torch (n) yabal q’aq’ toasted (adj) k’ilom, wotz’otz’ torch-pine wood (ocote) (n) chäj toasted corn grains (n) k’ilim ixim torn (adj) tzerom, tzeretajinaq, k’obol, toasted habas beans (n) pol teq’, te’l toasted tamalito slices (n) wotz’otz’ torn (book) (adj) wexwobinaq toasted yellow corn (n) pol torn (cloth) (adj) xilitajinaq tobacco (n) sik’, me’t torn (clothing) (adj) patz r-ij today (adv) mer, kamik tornado (n) sutul q’um toe (n) -wi’ -aqan tortilla (n) lej toe jam (n) -xoq’olil u xol -aqan, ch’iluj u-wi tortilla, small tortilla (n) lej xit -aqan tortilla, thick (n) pixtun toe, big toe (n) nima u wi aqan tortoise (n) petz’, k’o’x awaj together (adj) tunulik tortulero (male matchmaker) (n) chuchqajaw together (walking) (adv) junam tossed (adj) choqolik toilet (n) chulubäl total, eighty (lit. "one total") (n) jumuch’ token (n) k’utbal totals, two totals (n) kamuch’ told (adj) tzijom Totonicapan woven sash used as ribbon (n) tolerable (adj) ch’ijtalik xäq’ab tomato (n) pix Totonicapán ("Above the Hot Water") (n) tomato sauce (n) puch’u’m re pix Chuwi’ Meq’ina’ tomato sauce with ground chile (n) q’utu’m touch (food with finger) (tv1) chaq’ tomb (n) relewal käminaq, -jul käminaq touch-sensitive plant, closes leaves when tomorrow (see also day after) (adv) chue’q, touched (n) tak’am chwe’q touch (tv1) chap tomorrow morning (n) nim aq’ab chukab q’ij touch (v) naq tomorrow night (n) chaq’ab chueq touch gently (v) malalik tongue (n) aq’ touch something without permission (v) tzaq tongue of fire (n) aq’ re q’aq’ -q’ab ch-e tongue of flame (n) -xaq q’aq’ touchy (adj) ch’e’r tonight (adv) xq’eqal tough (meat) (adj) ach’i’y tonight (n) chaq’ab wakamik tourist (see also traveler) (n) q’atanel, ok’owel tonsillitis (n) qulaj toward (prep) pa tool (n) chakbal toward here (adv) uloq tool used in learning (n) eta’mabal toward speaker (adv) uloq tools (n) chakubal, e’, ware’ tower (n) ch’ucuch’ik ja, kiaqte’, tek’tik ja tooth ache (n) q’oxom wareyaj, q’oxowinaq town (n) tinimit ware’ town crier who uses drums (mid-level tooth, canine tooth (n) nim -ware’ community position) (n) ajq’ojom tooth, molar (n) ka’ Town of Pachalum (n) Tunkaj tooth, person with a missing tooth (n) xork town shrine (n) awas rech tinimit toothless (n) lomo toy (n) etz’abal 268 track (n) -etal -aqän traverse (v) q’axaj track in wheat field (n) potz’bal tray (n) chom laq track of a snake (n) chararebal tray (tin) or plate (n) laq’alik ch’ich’ tracks left by a dog when chases tail (n) tread on (v) tak’albej sututibal treasure (n) -k’u’x puaq, k’olol puaq tradition (n) naq’atisabal Treasurer Mam (n) Toj traditional peasant farmer (n) ajchak treasurers, box of treasures (n) k’olibal meba’il traditional skirt (corte) (n) uq treat lightly (v) etz’bej -wäch traditional time of marriage proposals (adv) treat with medicine (v) kunanik aq’abil tree (n) che’ trail (n) -q’ab be tree bark (n) jumetal che’ trail of a snake (n) cherbal tree branch (n) -q’ab che’ training of a diviner (n) eqomal rech awas tree high in the mountain (n) tkor training to become a daykeeper (ajq’ij) (n) tree nursery (n) wan che’ tunulik chak tree parasite (n) muq’e traitor (n) jachanel tree produces new sprout from root (v) trample (horse tramples a frog) (v) xaq’alej wächinik trample (v) pach’alej, tak’albej, tiloj tree root (n) -k’amal che’ trample (v) tak’alenik tree sap (n) q’ol trample on (v) tak’alej tree trunk (n) -chomal che’, kuta’mil, che’al, trample, thresh, to kick (animal) (v) yaq’ kuta’m che’ trampled on (adj) tilom tree whose wood is used to make combs (n) xat trampling (n) xaq’abal che’ tranquil (adj) remanik, jamarinaq, uxlaninaq tree with sagging branches (n) joyan che’ tranquility (n) jamaril tree with thorns (n) k’ix che’ tranquilize (v) jamarik tree, arbol espinosa (n) ixk’anal transgress (v) xalq’atij tree, arbol rumoroso (n) jom che’ transgress (v) xalq’atinik tree, caña brava tree (n) tar transgression (n) xalq’atinik tree, cherry tree (n) ixpusqel translate (v) tzolq’omij, q’axaj -tzij, k’ex tzij tree, cherry tree (n) k’uxk’abel translate something (v) q’axej tzij tree, coyol palm tree (n) tut translator (n) tzaqal tzij tree, ebony tree (n) -aqan k’uch translator, interpreter (n) q’axal tzij tree, elder tree (n) tz’aloj che’ transparent material (as for blouse) (n) payu’ tree, encino tree (evergreen oak) (n) baqit trap (for birds) (n) k’ambal tree, evergreen oak (encina) (n) wit, skel, trap (n) chapbal, chapbal, lajab ponopik, kowilaj che’, räx che’ trash (n) mes tree, fig tree (n) azete trash, place where trash burned (n) porobal tree, gourd tree (guacal) (n) tzim travel (Momostenango) (iv) bek tree, Madre cacao tree (Gliricidia sepium) (n) travel (v) binik q’än te travel by horseback (v) kejbej tree, madron tree (madroño) (n) uk’a’, -ka che’ traveler (see also tourist) (n) wa’katel, ajbe’il, tree, maguey (n) ki che’, ki ok’owel, q’atanel, ajbe, binel, ajbinel tree, mahogany tree (caoba--Swietenia) (n) traveler, person who likes to travel (n) benam q’än che’ winäq tree, pino colorado tree (n) kiäq chäj travelling seller of bulk goods (n) eral eqa’n tree, roble (oak) (n) tz’unuj 269 tree, rubber tree (n) kik’ che’ truth (n) saq tzij, qastzij, saqalaj tzij, tzij tree, spruce fir tree (n) säqache’ try (v) ch’ach’a, tiq tree, weeping willow (n) ixq’os try hard (v) koj -chuq’ab, tij -chuq’ab, tij -q’ij tree, white pine (n) säqache’, pa’chäj try luck (v) qasaj suerte tree, wide-leafed oak (n) k’anaq try out (v) tiq tree, willow (madron tree) (n) soq’os, tz’oloj try something out (v) il che’, ixq’os tuberculosis (n) chaqi’j ojob, chaqi’j yabil tree-cactus (n) takrabaj tucan (n) tarbok tremble (hand, body) (v) siksitik tumble down (v) wulij tremble (v) birbatik, silisatik tumor (n) ch’ucuch’ik, puk’pik, t’oyt’ik tremble, twitch (muscle) (v) repretik tumor on neck (n) bo’j, wäwech tremor (n) kab raqan tumpline (n) patän tremor (of the body) (n) birbitem tuna (cactus pear) (n) nochti’ tremor, earth tremor (n) yikiyot, kabraqan tuna (n) pixpiteq’ triangular (adj) oxib -xkut, oxib -xikin, oxib turkey (n) no’s -tza’m turkey buzzard (n) siol tribe (n) xete’y, amaq’ turn (n) kotokik trick (v) q’abanik turn (xinsutij nu jolom-- I turned my head) (v) trim (v) xaxij, qupuj sutij trimmed (adj) qupim turn around (v) sutinik, tzale’, tzolq’omij -ib, trimmed (tree) (adj) setom yuj -ib trimmed, evenly cut (bushes or trees) (adj) turn inside out (v) solqopij setom turn off (tv1) chup trip (n) be turn on (light) (tv1) tzij trip (n) binem turn over (tortillas) (v) salkapij, tzolq’omij trip (n) cheq’, piq’ij -aqan turn over (v) solkopij trip (v) cheq’ij -aqan, chaq’ij -aqan turn red (v) kiäqarik trip (v) choq’ij -aqän turn sideways (v) q’e’lik trip for pleasure (n) wa’katem turn something over (tortillas) (v) pask’ij trip on something (v) pichq’ij u-wi’ -aqan cho turned around (v) tzalma’yik tripe (n) -pam ti’j turning, preparation of the fields for planting tropical lizard (garrobo) (n) ojin by digging (n) joxk’im troubled (v) chomanik turnip (n) rawnax troublesome (v) choqchotik turnip (nabo) (n-esp) napux trough for feeding animals (n) jukub turpentine (n) q’ol trousers (n) kason, we’x turtle dove (n) xunkur, muqux, ixmukur true (adj) tzuj r-anima’, qas, tzij, qastzij twelfth (num) ukablajuj truly (adv) tzij twelve (n) kablajuj truly small (adj) qas ch’utin twentieth (num) ujuwinaq trumpet (n) tun twenty (n) juwinaq trumpeter bird (zanate or clarinero--like a twenty-one (n) juwinaq jun small crow) (n) ch’ok twice (adv) kamul trunk (n) to’m twig, small branch (n) -xik’ayil che’ trunk (tree) (n) -chomal che’, kuta’mil, che’al, twigs (n) alaj blaj si kuta’m che’ twin (n) tiox, iox trust (v) jikiba’ -k’ux ch-ij twin (n) yo’x, kua’ch 270 twinkle (like a star) (v) chuplinik udder, cow udder (n) ajyitz twins, pair of twins (n) juk’ulaj yox ugly, nauseating (adj) mulibal k’ux twist (ankle) (v) q’och, kotokiej, q’och ulcer (n) ch’a’k -aqan unable to have children (adj) mencho’r, man twist (arm, cloth, thread) (v) tumij alk’ualanel taj twist (arm, cloth, thread) [Chichi] (v) tumaj unable to speak (adj) mem twist (v) yitzah unadorned (adj) sirisik twist (wire, neck of a chicken) (v) baq’atij unanimous (adj) junam -wäch twist or bend (metal or a wax candle) (v) luk unbend (v) suk’ubik twist something (v) kototej unblemished (adj) ch’ajch’oj twist, bend (v) jech’ba’ unbotton (tv1) tor twist, bend (wood beneath weight) (v) pek’i’k unbraided (adj) kiylik twisted (adj) baq’atim, tumim, balom, sutim uncap something (tv1) jaq r-ib uncertain (adj) tz’i’arik -wäch twisted (hat) (adj) lut’ulik uncle (n) ch’utin tat, wi’ ka’n, wi’ ka’n achi twisted (wood), warped (adj) pek’epik uncle (n) ik’an, -tatabal -ika’n twisted bread sold at festivals (rosquitas) (n) uncombed (adj) ch’ixch’ik roski’l uncombed (hair) (adj) kiykik twisted face (adj) yokoyik uncooked (adj) räx twisted, bent (nail or warped board) (adj) uncover by force (roof by wind) (v) jalij kotokik uncover, denude (v) sanaba’ twisted, bent, folded (adj) lukulik uncovered (adj) ch’analik twister (n) balonel, sulk’um under the law (adv) pa ri q’atbal tzij twitch (in one place or muscle as in eye) (v) under, beneath (prep) ch-xe reparatik under, beneath (prep) xe’ twitch (limb, body) (v) salabik -baqil underarm (n) telek’ twitch (muscle or skin) (v) pixk’onik underbrush (n) kamom che’ twitch (muscle) (v) repretik under-cooked (adj) räxk’ux twitch (part of the body--interpreted as a undercooked (adj) sanko’ch premonition) (v) qoyqotik undergarment (see also underwear) (n) -pam two (num) kieb -uq two by two (adv) kakab undergarments (n) -pam atz’iaq two hundred (lit. "ten childen") (n) lajujk’al underground jail (n) jul che’ two of them (n) e kieb undergrowth (n) q’ayes two people (n) kawinaq undernourished (adj) tuqar two times (n) kamul undershorts (n) saka’w two totals (n) kamuch’ underskirt (n) -pam -uq two years ago (adv) kabir understand (v) ch’obonik, ok pa -jolom, q’ax two-faced (n) kieb -wäch pa -jolom, ta two-man saw (n) q’atobal understand something (v) k’oxomaj type of copal incense (n) kotz’i’j understanding (n) no’j type of orange-colored mushroom (edible) (n) undertaker, person who washes corpse (n) kiaqix loq’onel typhoid fever (n) itzel q’aq’, nima k’atan underwear (see also undergarment) (n) saka’w tz’ite beans (n) mich underworld (n) xibalba, xibilba Tzolkin (n) Ch’ol Q’ij, -ajilabal q’ij undone (adj) ch’eqelik 271 undone (hair) (adj) kiylik untying (n) kirik undress (v) ch’ane’k unusually long (nose) (adj) tuch’utik unequal (adj) tuch’utik unusually short (adj) punupik uneven dress or pants (adj) jayalik unwind (tv1) sol unexpectedly (adv) xa te’talik unwrap (tv1) sol unfastened or loosened (petals from flower) unwrap (v) solij, solsobik (adj) pulpubinaq unwrapped (adj) solsobinaq unfold (v) rik’ unzip (tv1) tor unfolded, fabric or clothing left unfolded (adj) up (adv) aq’anoq patz’alik up above (adv) aq’anoq unglue (v) loch’ upon (prep) p-wi’, ch-wi’ unified (adj) xa junam, xa jun -wäch, jun upper leg (n) -pa -a’ -wäch upwards (adv) aq’anoq unique (adj) jun wi u-cholaj urinary infection (n) q’än chul unite (v) tiq, nek’ urinate (v) chulunik unite a couple (v) tunuba’ urination problem, inability to urinate (n) unite two things with string or rope (tv1) tzapatajik -chul qitz’ urine (n) chul united (adj) junam -wäch, tunulik Ursa Major constellation--"The Big Dipper" universe (n) kaj u-wäch ulew, kajulew, cho q’ij (Osa Mayor) (n) Mam Kutach, much’, saq, nik’aj saq wuqüb kaqix unkempt (adj) ch’ixch’ik Ursa Major, Big Dipper (n) wuqüb kaqix unleashed (adj) tzoqopitalik Ursa Major, Big Dipper constellation (n) unmanageable (adj) ch’u’j much’ unmarried girl (n) q’apoj us (pro) oj unmated (animal) (n) q’apoj us (Totonicapán) (pro) uj unoccupied (adj) jamal -wäch, jamalik, tolonik us, we (pro) oj unoccupied mountain (n) tol juyub use (n) patan, kojbal, kojik unpopulated area (n) juyub use (tv1) koj unravel (v) solij use (v) patanij, chokonsabej unripe (adj) räx use something (v) chokoj unroll (bandage from wound) (v) solsobik used (adj) kamulim, kojom chik unroll (scroll of paper) (v) lik’ilobik used clothes (n) jalbal atziaq unrolled, placed lengthwise (rope laid out used to (adj) k’ulam unrolled) (adj) rabalik useful (adj) chokonik unsheath (v) jusij useful (n) patanijik unstick (tv1) tor usefulness (n) patan unstick (v) loch’ useless (adj) man k’o taj -patan unstrained atole (boiled and ground corn) (n) Uspantan (n) Xinkiel, El amay buch Utsilago zeae (n) ch’ajach’ untie (tv1) kir u-turn to return (plane or bus) (n) ch’ukaj untied (adj) kirtajinaq, kirom vacate (house) (tv1) pak untied halfway (adj) kirkobinaq vacation (n) uxlanem until (adv) k’äte, k’ä vacation, on vacation (adj) jamal -wäch until now (conj) k’äte wa’ vaccinate (v) choq’ik untrue (adj) jalum, man k’o taj -cholaj vagina (n) t’ot’ 272 vaginal flow, illness with vaginal flow (n) saq very hard (adj) kowilaj yabil very large (adj) qas nim vagrant (n) xepu’ very pale (illness) (adj) saqloloj vain person (n) saramu’y very pretty (adj) jebel valley (n) beya’, lia’nik very quickly (adv) xaqbi valley, coast (n) taq’aj very salty (adj) k’achatz’am value (n) ajilal very soon (adv) xaqbi valves of the heart (n) iboch’il -anima’ very straight road (Momostenango) (n) vampire bat (n) ajtz’alam kolominaj be vapor (n) sibal very sweet zapotilla (from Sacapulas) (n) muk vapor from the earth (n) -uxlab ulew very tall (tree, etc.) (adj) nim aq’aninaq varicose veins (n) iboch’il sipojinaq very tender corn (not yet dried) (n) puch’ variety (n) jalajojil very well (adj) ja’e vegetable compost (n) muchu’l very well, well then (exclam) ba’ vegetable garden (n) xoral, tikbal ichaj very wet (adj) ch’aqach’oj vegetables (n) ichäj, tikbal ichaj very white (adj) saqloloj veil (n) payu’ vesicles of skin rash or other allergic reaction vein (n) iboch’ (n) rawas ixim velocity (janipa’ u-kowim?-- how fast is it?) vessel made of bamboo (n) sin (n) kowim vessel used in initiation of ajq’ij (n) laq vendor (n) ajk’ay vibrate (metal), ring (metal bell) (v) tzinowik venom (n) kämikabal, itzel kunabal vibrate (v) biririk venom, spider venom (n) -ki’al äm vibrate (voice when singing) (v) q’uyuyik venomous (adj) kämisanik victory (n) ch’ekbal venomous snake (n) atoy view (n) ka’yibal, ilbal ventilate (v) turij viewer (n) ka’yel Venus (n) santia’ vigilence (n) k’ask’atem Venus, planet Venus (n) Ama Q’uq’ vigorous (adj) jiljik verb, distributes effect of verb on various village (n) tinimit objects (part) taq vine (n) k’a’m verbena (n) -chachal be vineger (n) ch’ämalaj vino verdict (n) q’atbal tzij violence (n) q’ambal k’äx verdura silvestre de la costa (vegetable used in violent (adj) lawalo tamales--chipilin) (n) much’ violent fight (v) waqatij verify (v) suk’ubik viper (n) sachoj, q’än chi’ vertex (n) tzuel virgin (n) q’apoj, q’apoj ali vertigo (n) k’ulum, moxirik yabil virguira bird (n) xirkuk very (adv) sibalaj virtue (n) ch’ajch’ojil very angry (adj) ch’o’j, tuxtik viscera (n) pam very bad (adj) lawalo visible (adj) q’alaj very center (n) qas -pam vision (n) boq’wäch, k’utwächinik, ilbal very clean (adj) xaxtzintzoj visit (n) ula’, solinik very cold (adj) juch’uch’ik visit (v) q’atanik, q’at, solij, q’atuj, solinik very fat (adj) jilijik, sanasik visit someone (v) ch’abej very funny joke (n) puk sibalaj tze’bal visitede, act of being visitede (n) q’atuxik very good (exp) qis utz visitor (n) solinel, ula’, ula’ winaq 273 visitor (to sick person or jailed person) (n) walk high off ground (like with new-born calf) ch’abanel (v) wak’änajik visitor, one who is just passing through (n) walk in a group (as in leaving a meeting) (v) q’atanel mululik vocal cords (n) xul walk in a procession (as on holy days) (v) voice (n) qul, ch’abal q’atatik volcano (n) tun kaj, q’aq’ juyub, turkaj, walk like a crab (v) wak’ak’ik wi’, xakanul walk like a drunk (v) baq’otik, raparatik volcano Xcanul (n) Xkanul walk long distance without carrying anything volcano, Cerro Quemado (n) K’atinaq Juyub (v) telnajik, teltatik voluminously large (adj) juponaj walk looking for something (v) tzukutzutik voluntary (n) ajawam walk on all fours (v) chaqänik vomit (n) xa’wem, xa’oj, xab walk on knees (v) xukma’yik vomit (v) wupij, xawaj, xabik walk on tiptoes (v) bin ruk’ ri u-wi’ taq -aqän vomit something (tv2) chubaj walk on, stand on (v) tak’alej vomit something (v) xabaj walk pigeon toed (v) sototik -binik voodoo (n) -wäch -q’ij walk slowly (from age) (v) nakakik vulgar term for copulation (v) titz’ walk slowly, stopping often to look about (v) vulture (n) k’uch mach’qayik vulva (n) okox walk standing every little bit (v) tak’tomanik wading bird (n) xa’n walk straight (v) binik latz’ wafer, sacramental wafer (n) loq’oxik walk stumblingly (from weakness) (v) wag (dog’s tail) (v) salabaj pirk’atik wages (n) ch’ekbal, ch’ekoj walk then stand, then walk, then stand (v) wagtail (n) k’el tak’ma’yik waist (n) ximibal -pam, -xe’ -pam walk together (v) binik junam wait (v) eyebik walk together as a pair (v) tunkutik wait for someone or something (v) eyej walk weaving from side to side (from wait for someone to harm them (taq na che ri drunkenness) (v) tzaltzatik achi) (adj) taq na ch-e walk with feet pointed out (v) xaqaqik wait for something (v) eyebej walk with head bowed (v) pachma’yik wake someone up (v) k’astajisaj walk with lightness of step (v) jumjutik wake up (v) saqarisanik walk with long legs (like tarantula) (v) walk (n) wa’katem, binem, binibal wak’äwatik walk (v) binik walk with reverence (as when enter church) (v) walk alone (v) pitzkatik matzatzik walk an animal on a leash (v) yuq’ej walk without purpose or direction (v) walk bent over so as not to be seen (v) yuchukutik wuq’wutik walker (n) binel walk by yourself from place to place (v) walking sound (v) pok’naj -xäjäb sulkatik walking, means of walking (n) binibal walk falling down frequently (drunkenness, walks with long steps (adj) wak’äwik illness) (v) tzaqlobik wall (n-Esp) tapia’ walk happily (v) jumjutik wall, great wall of stones (n) tz’aq walk heavily (like a duck) (v) beqnajik wall, stone wall marking boundaries (n) qumuq wallet (n) k’olibal puaq 274 wall-eyed (leucoma of cornea) so has clouded watch or guard out of curiosity (v) yuxilej eye (adj) po’r -baq’wäch watch out for someone (v) aluchij wallow in mud (v) jilik watch over (mother for sick child) (v) k’asi’k wander (v) yuquwik, wa’katik, yuqutik watch over (v) il, il -ib, loq’abej wanderer (n) wa’katel, benam winäq watch over someone through the night (v) want (v) aj waraj wants (n) ajibal watch over something (v) yuxij war (n) labal, ch’o’j watched (adj) ilom warm (adj) miq’in watchfulness (n) k’ask’atem warm (liquid) (adj) saqli’ watchman, night watchman (n) waranel warm (tv1) miq’ water (flowers or fields) (v) tix ja’ ch-ij warm one’s self (by fire) (v) miq’ -ib water (n) ja’ warm something up (coffee) (v) miq’isaj water (v) ja’aj, ja’nik warm water (n) miq’ina’ water blister (n) ja’ poq’ warm, half-hot (adj) säq water for washing (n) ch’ajbal warmed up (adj) miq’om water gourd (tecomate--Crescentia cujete) (n) warn (v) pixabik, pixabaj tzu warp (v) mejmobik water jug (n) kubal joron warp or bend (wood) (v) lukuwik water left over after making dough (given to warped (adj) pek’elik, mejmobnaq chickens) (n) upe’n warped, as a nail or board (adj) kotokik water snail (n) pu’r warped, twisted (wood) (adj) pek’epik water something (tv1) ja’, ja’j warping frame (n) q’inobal water sound, of falling water (v) tz’utuwik wart (n) t’orot’ik, pixnak’ water stand (n) wakal wash (hair) (v) baqik water vapor (n) -uxlab ja’ wash (hair, face) (v) baq water well (n) -k’oxil ja’ wash (tv1) ch’aj water which precipitates from fog (n) -wa’l wash basin (n) ch’ajombal sutz’ wash basin for vegetables or grain, hands water, bathwater (n) ch’ajbal (made of gourd) (n) tzima water, boiled water (n) saqli’ wash by pouring out water (v) tix water, cold water (n) jorona ja’, jorön wash self (v) ch’aj -ib water, crystal clear (adj) xaxtzintzoj, saqloloj wash something (v) ch’ajomaj water, hot water (n) k’atän, meq’ina’ washed (adj) ch’ajom water, lukewarm (n) säq meq’ina’ washer (n) ch’ajomanel water, portable water carrier (n) pump washing (n) ch’ajon water, sound of flowing water (v) roq’obala’ washing place (n) chojombal water, still water (in well) (n) suq washing stone (n) juch’aj watered (adj) jäbalik washing, ceremonial washing of saint’s waterfall (n) chiyul, nil, pujila’, tzalam siwan clothing (n) ch’ajbal atz’iaq p-turbal ja’, u-qajibal ja’ wasp (n) aqaj, sital waterfall sound (n) pulch’ich’ wasp nest (n) aqal, sok ke aqaj water-reed (n) tula’ wasp, black wasp (n) satal watertight (adj) chemelik waste (v) sach, jarisaj wave (n) u-tum plo, melel waste time (v) tzaq -q’ij wave, ripple (v) mejmik watch for thief (v) k’ak’lej waves of sea (n) -wäch ri mar 275 waves’ sound on a shore (n) plo weeding, first (cornfield) (n) nabe chak wavy, rippled (adj) mejmik weeds (maleza) (n) oqoq wax (n-esp) xepo’ weeds (n) q’ayes, k’ix wax, ear wax (n) -xoq’olil -xikin, -achaq weeds, hierba de oveja (weeds which grow in -xikin, -q’olaj -xikin, -q’olal -xikin shade used to feed horses) (n) säj way (n) be week (n) wuqübix way of walking (n) binibal week (n-Esp) xemana way over there (adv) chila’ apan, jetel week ago (n) wuqübixir wayward (adj) ch’u’j week, Semana Santa (Holy Week) (n) Awas we, us (pro) oj Q’ij weak (adj) yababik, tuqar weep (v) oq’ik weakness (n) tuqar weep bitterly (v) juyuwik, biq’batik, kämisaj wealth (n) q’änal, q’inomal -ib ch-e oq’ej, k’uyuwik weapon (n) poch’ weeping willow (n) ixq’os wear clothes (v) koj atz’iaq weft, woof of cloth (trama de tejido) (n) -wa wear glasses (v) jiq’jatik kem wear something first time (v) chojij weigh (Joropa katpajan at?) (v) pajanik wear something out (v) jarisaj weigh (v) pajik weasel (comadreja) (n) kux weigh something (tv1) paj weasel (n) piq, saqbin weighed (adj) pajom weave (v) kemik, kiemenik, kiem, kem, weighs little (adj) tzajo’j kemonik weight (n) pajanik, al, pajbal weave something (tv1) kem weight, incorrect weight measurement (n) weaver (n) kemonel, ajkiem jik’om ri pajbal weaver (napkin or cape) (n) ajkemal su’t welcome (v) k’ulaj weaving (n) kem, kiem welder (n) q’ilil ch’ich’ weaving machine comb (n) xep well bound (adj) jat’ajik wed (v) tuni’k well of water (n) -k’oxil ja’ wedding (n) k’ulanem well sharpened (adj) utz u wi’ wedding decorations of the house (n) etz’balil well then (exclam) ba’ wedding veil (n) su’t rech k’ulanem, po’t, pau’ well tied (adj) ko jat’alik r-ech k’ulanem well tied up (adj) jat’ajik wedding, ceremony--cut two geraniums and tie well, deep well (n) pos up during marriage (n) qopinik kotz’i’j well, shallow well (n) k’ua’ wedding, food given to visiting guests at well, very well (adj) ja’e wedding or other occasion (n) ula’bal well-built (plant, person) (n) biribik wedge (n) ch’apap well-fed (animal) (adj) xinixik, xirxik wedge (placed in tool handle to affix metal well-fitting (coat) (adj) taqal ch-e portion--like hoe) (n) ch’ap well-known (adj) q’alaj wedge (something placed below table leg so well-liked (adj) loq’ doesn’t tilt) (n) ch’utbal well-nailed (adj) ko q’osim weed (corn, beans) (v) boq q’ayes well-respected (adj) nim -q’ij weed (especially wheat field), to pluck hair well-seated (adj) tikilik (tv1) mich’ west (assoc. in divination with the past) (n) weed (wheat field) (v) mich’onik -qajbal q’ij weeding (n) mich’ west (n) u-kaj xukut ri kaj, u-qajibal q’ij 276 wet (adj) raxmaqalik, ch’aqalik whisper (v) jasjatik, wixwitik wet nurse (n) tz’umanel whisper, speak in whispers (v) tzijon pa wet, clean laundry (n) ch’ajon jasjatem wet, very wet (adj) ch’aqach’oj whispering demon (n) witz’itz’il wetland, damp land (n) bulij ulew whistle (n) xubal, xubanik whale (n) ayin kär whistle (to call someone) (v) xubunik what (pro) jas whistle (train) (v) wunik what he says has no meaning (adj) man k’o taj whistle (v) xubanik, xulbinik u-beyal ri kubij whistle a tune (v) xubaj, xubxutik what is written in a book (n) -wäch wuj whistle happily (v) xubuxitik what kind? (interrog) jas -wäch whistle loudly (to call someone from far away) what? which? (interrog) jas? (v) xulq’abinik whatever (adj) apachike whistle, call someone by whistling (v) whatever things (n) apasäch xulq’ubej, xulq’abej, xulq’abik wheat (from trigo) (n-Esp) triko whistle, clay whistle (n) xul wheat, grain of wheat (n) baq’wäch triko whistleblower, stool-pigeon , tattle-tale wheel (car, wheelbarrow) (n) ketet (chillón)(n) puch’ wheel barrow (n-esp) kare’t white (adj) saq wheel of weaving machine (n) ketet white bean (n) saqtubin, saqtubil wheel, spinning wheel (n) bätz’ibal, solibal white corn for tortillas (n) saqpor batz’, q’in, axno’ white corn grains (n) saq ixim when, while (adv) are white cotton (on plant) (n) bot when? (interrog) jampa? white haired (adj) saq wi’ where a snake has been coiled (n) sotoyabal white moth (n) ch’ilakan kumatz white mushroom (n) saq k’im, -aqän tz’ikin where? (interrog) jawi?, jawichi?, jawije? white pine (n) säqache’, pa’chäj wherever (adv) apawije, apawichi, xapawichi, white powdery earth (n) saq kab xapawije white shrub flowers used medicinally (n) whetstone (n) wux -chachal be which? (interrog) jachike? white, off-white (adj) saqsoj while (adv) are white, very white (adj) saqloloj whine, cry (from illness, pain) (v) puch’inik whiten (clothes) (v) saqirik whinney (v) jinjitik whiten (v) saqirisaj whip (n) ch’ayibal, asear whiteness (n) saqil whip (tv1) jich’ whitewash with lime (v) chunaj whip someone (in punishment) (v) rapuj who (pro) le whip, leather (n) ch’aqap tz’um, tz’um who all? (interrog) jachin taq? whipped (adj) jich’om who could it be? (interrog) jachin lo? whipping (n) tz’um who knows? (phrase) jänik’ whirling rain in storm (n) sutz’ kumatz who? whoever? (interrog) jachin whirlpool (n) sututa’, sututibal, sutbal ja’ whoever (n) apachin whirlwind (n) salq’ut, sulk’um, salq’um, sut whoever (pro) jachinke q’um whooping cough (n) jiq’, jiq’inaq ojob whirr (v) sumumik whose? (interrog) jachin rech? whisper (n) jasjatem, elal why not? (interrog) jas chemna? whisper (reverently) (v) nojim -tzijonik why? (interrog) jasche? 277 wickedness (n) etzelal winner (often by deception) (n) ch’äkanel wide-leafed oak (n) k’anaq winnings (n) ch’äkoj wide (adj) lotolik, nim -wäch winnow (v) jopij wide (adj) pim, lik’ilik winnow (wheat) (v) yikya’ widgeon (gallareta bird) (n) okoq winnow grain (v) jubuj widow [Momos] (n) malka’n ixoq winnowing (n) jopinik widow [Toto] (n) meba’ ixoq winter solstice (sun ascends) (n) xaq’an q’ij widow or widower (n) malka’n winter, cold season (n) tatajik widower [Momos} (n) malka’n achi wipe (v) su’ widower [Toto] (n) meba’ achi wipe away a tear (v) su’ u-wal -baq’wäch widowhood (n) malka’nil wire (from alambre) (n-esp) alambre width (n) pimel wirwira bird (n) xuruk’uk’ wife (n) ixöqil wisdom (n) no’jibal, etamabal, saqil wild (adj) lawalo, juyubal wise (adj) nim -etamabal, nim -chomanik wild amaranth (bledo) (n) tesa, leb tes witch (n) itzinel, subunel wild bee (n) q’osbal uwo che’ witch who burns copal (n) ajpom wild boar (jabalí) (n) nim aq, juyubal aq witch who can transform himself (n) win wild honey (n) -wa’l che’ witch who heals (n) ajkun wild marigold (flor de muerto) (n) parutz’ witch who helps (n) to’nel wild mouse (ratón del monte) (n) -ch’o juyub witch who places flowers and candles at wild pigeon (torcaza) (n) tukumux shrines (n) ajkotz’i’j wild rat (n) saq ch’o witch, bad witch (n) ajitz wildcat (gato de monte) (n) yak witch, espiritista, one who consults spirits, will (n) rayibal, ajawam good witch (n) ajmes willow (madron tree) (n) soq’os, tz’oloj che’, witch, evil witch (n) muqunel ixq’os witch’s bag (n) k’olibal ka’yibal willow, weeping willow (n) ixq’os witchcraft (n) itz, kiäqal saqil, itzbal, itzibal, win (tv1) ch’äk itzinik win (v) ch’ek, ch’äkanik with (prep) -uk’ wind (n) käq’iq’, iq’ with heavy tongue (v) t’ebnajik wind coming from something (river or canyon) with moderation (adv) nojim (n) -kiäqiq’al wither (flower) (v) tz’muyanik wind something (v) botz’oj wither (flower, plant) (v) buyuqarik wind, air [Totonicapán] (n) kiäqiq’ wither (v) chaqi’jarik windiness (n) kaq’iq’al withered (adj) buyu’q winding (n) botz’oj within (prep) ch-pam window (n-Span) wenta’n without cost (adj) man tojotal taj, sipam window prop, bar to block door or window (n) without enthusiasm (adv) kieb -wäch tak’bal withstand (v) kowinik windows of heaven (n) torbal kaj withstand difficulty (v) ch’ij windpipe (n) xul witness (n) q’alajisanel wine press (n) pitz’bal uvas wobble (v) yikiyatik wing (n) xik’ wobbly (leg of a chair) (v) jey -ib winged ant (n) tumuxux, cheq’en wolf (n) utiw, q’umar wink or make eye at opposite sex (v) yuch’ woman (n) nan, ixöq, chichu’ -boq’wäch woman dancer represents moon (n) ajik’ 278 woman in convalescence after childbirth (n) work new bride does for her parents-in-law (n) ajtuj alibaxik woman who doesn’t want to stay in house (n) work on stone (grind on a grinding stone) (tv1) mun ixoq chiy woman, young woman (n) q’apoj work quickly (v) sak’lajik woman’s woven belt (faja) (n) pas "work service"-- first training of apprentice womb (n) k’u’x, pam ajq’ij (n) chak patan wonder (v) mayij -ib work something (v) chakuj wonder at (v) sach -k’ux work with a hoe (v) ban tajen wonder, to be surprised, be amazed (v) may work wood (cut, carve) (v) ajaj woo (v) takej work wood (log as a house beam) (tv1) tol wood (n) che’ worked into dough (leaven) (adj) puq’um wood box for back-packing (cacaste) (n) ko’k worker (n) ajchak, chakunel wood chips (from cutting), slivers (n) muchu’l working of land with tools (n) tajin wood chips (n) -webal che’ workshop (n) banobal wood lot (n) siwabal world (n) uwächulew wood tick (n) sip World Deity ("Round World"?) (n) Pachulum wood, half-burned wood from fire (u-tza’m si’) Mundo (n) -tza’m si’ worldly goods (n) q’inomal wood, torch-pine wood (ocote) (n) chäj worm (also see maggot) (n) ixjut, juxjut, woodcock (n) toch’ich’ sunsu’y, xpakpan woodcock bird (chorcha) (n) ch’iq worm that gives barniz negro (Baja Verapaz) wooden bobbin on weaving machine (n) pätet (n) nix wooden cross (n) kajbal che’ worm, corn root worm (n) ikan wooden image with firecrackers inside for worm, earthworm (n) -unum ulew festivals (n) tzijolaj worm, gusano alambre (worm that eats planted wooden plank (Momostenango) (n) tz’alam corn seed) (n) baq chikop woodpecker (carpintero bird, picamaderos) (n) worm, inch worm (n) etanel kaj rochoch, tuk tuk, korochoch worm, maggot (n) xjut woodwork, work wood (log as a house beam) worm-infested (wood) (adj) q’umar (tv1) tol worn out (adj) räx ch’aych’obinaq wook, distaff (for holding wool in spinning) worn out (shirt or shoes) (adj) jarinaq (n) q’inobal worried (adj) chapom -jolom wool (n) chij, is, -ismal chij worries (n) chomanik wool cloth (n) atz’iaq k’ul, is worry (v) matowik, ok il wool thread (n) chij worry, be very worried about something (v) wool, card wool (v) xiyoj q’aq’an -anima’ woolly (adj) nikinik worry, be worried (v) t’ujuwik woolly (person) (adj) patz -wi’ worsen (adj) nimatajinaq woolly bear caterpillar (n) ixq’echaj, xq’e’chaj worship (v) nimarisaj -q’ij word (n) tzij worthy (adj) taqal, suk’ che, taqal ch-e, ya’tal work (n) chak, chakunem, chapanik che work (v) chakunik wound (n) pus, sokotajik work completed (adv) su’batajinaq wound (tv1) sok work in planted field (v) tikonijik wounded (adj) sokotajinaq work land in preparation for planting (v) tajij woven cap (n) t’o’y 279 wrap (as bandage around hand) (v) pasij year, last year (adv) abir wrap (tv1) pis year, last year (n) junabir wrap tamales (v) sübaj year, next year (n) jun junab chik wrap up (a job, a project) (v) botz’ik year, solar year (n) junab q’ij wrap up (to keep from getting cold--child, Year-Bearer of 365 day solar calendar year (n) food) (tv1) buk Mam wrap up (tv1) pis yeast (n) ch’äm wrap up (v) botz’ yell (tv1) raq -chi’ wrap up a wound (v) bätz’ yellow (adj) q’än wrapped (adj) pisom, pistalik yellow ant (sompopo) (n) ch’akan wrapped up (adv) su’batajinaq yellow corn (n) wa’il wrapped up (tamales) (adj) pistalik yellow corn on the cob (n) q’än jal wrapper, large leaf in which tamales are yellow, light (adj) q’änkoj wrapped (n) maxän yellowish or tan from dirt (shirt, wall) (adj) wrapper, leaf for wrapping tamales (n) q’anaq’ q’änpu’r wrapping, thing used for wrapping (n) pisbal yellowish-brown (adj) q’änq’oj wreck, destroy (v) yoj, sach -wäch, yojij yerba buena (medicinal mint plant used for wring out (wet clothes) (tv1) yitz’ stomach aches) (n) q’ebun, panset, wrinkle (age, sitting on cloth) (v) alwino’ q’uch’uq’ubik yerba mala plant (n) k’a che’ wrinkle (cloth) (v) yuch’ -ib yerba mora plant (n) imu’t, makuy wrinkle (n) qochoq’ik yes (dem) je’ wrinkle (v) q’och, qochoq’ik yesterday (adv) iwir wrinkle face (v) muyuyej yesterday, one day ago (adv) jun q’ij kan wrinkle on cloth (n) yuch’u yield plentifully, produce (as in crop of grain) wrinkle something (tv1) yuch’ (v) k’uxanik wrinkle, facial (n) chukursal -palaj yoke (for ox-- Spanish yugo) (n) yunt wrinkled (adj) bach’uy, q’uchuq’iq’ yoke (for ox) (n) eqa’bal wrinkled (clothing) (adj) q’ochq’obinaq yoke of egg (n) -q’änal saqmol wrist (n) -qul q’abaj, -qul -q’ab you (formal plural) (pro) aläq write (v) tz’ibaj, tz’ibanik you (plural) (pro) ix writer (n) ajtz’ib, tz’ibanel you (poss pro) la writing instrument (n) tz’ibabal you (pro) at writing, hand writing (n) tz’ib you (singular-formal) (per pro) la writings (n) tz’ibanik young (adj) ch’utin, ak’al written (adj) tzijom kanoq, tz’ibatal, young boy (n) ala tz’ibam young bull (n) alaj ama’ wakäx wrong (adj) man je’ taj, man qas tä je’, man young bull or ox (n) käpu’n qas tä suk’ young child (n) k’ak’al wrong someone does to someone else (n) aqil young girl (n) ali Xela, persons from Quetzaltenango (n) young hawk (clis clis bird) (n) litz litz ajxelajuyab young woman (n) q’apoj yawn (n) jayäm younger brother or sister of same sex (n) yawn (v) jab -chi’ chaq’ year (n) junab younger sister of female (n) chaq’ ali year of 260 days (n) junab ik’ youngest child (n) ch’i’p 280 youngest child in family (n) ajch’ib youngster (n) k’ak’al your (formal plural) (pro) aläq your (plural) (poss pro) i your (poss pro) a your (singular-formal) (poss pro) la youth (n) k’ak’al yucca (n) tz’in Zacualpa (n) Ma’a zajorín (n) ajq’ij zapote (fruit--Calocarpum mammosum) (n) tulul zapotilla, very sweet (from Sacapulas) (n) muk zenith (of sun) (n) kab wäch zunza (fruit) (n) moxpi’, mochpi’

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