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Hurdles for Phage Therapy (PT) to Become a Reality viruses Hurdles for Phage Therapy (PT) to Become a Reality Edited by Harald Brüssow Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Viruses www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Hurdles for Phage Therapy (PT) to Become a Reality Hurdles for Phage Therapy (PT) to Become a Reality Special Issue Editor Harald Brussow ¨ MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Harald Brussow¨ KU Leuven Belgium Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses/special issues/Phagetherapy). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03921-391-7 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03921-392-4 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... ix Harald Brussow ¨ Hurdles for Phage Therapy to Become a Reality—An Editorial Comment Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 557, doi:10.3390/v11060557 ..................... 1 Damien Thiry, Virginie Passet, Katarzyna Danis-Wlodarczyk, C´edric Lood, Jeroen Wagemans, Luisa De Sordi, Vera van Noort, Nicolas Dufour, Laurent Debarbieux, Jacques G. Mainil, Sylvain Brisse and Rob Lavigne New Bacteriophages against Emerging Lineages ST23 and ST258 of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Efficacy Assessment in Galleria mellonella Larvae Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 411, doi:10.3390/v11050411 ..................... 9 Dominique Holtappels, Rob Lavigne, Isabelle Huys and Jeroen Wagemans Protection of Phage Applications in Crop Production: A Patent Landscape Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 277, doi:10.3390/v11030277 ..................... 18 Sarah Djebara, Christiane Maussen, Daniel De Vos, Maya Merabishvili, Benjamin Damanet, Kim Win Pang, Peggy De Leenheer, Isabella Strachinaru, Patrick Soentjens and Jean-Paul Pirnay Processing Phage Therapy Requests in a Brussels Military Hospital: Lessons Identified Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 265, doi:10.3390/v11030265 ..................... 34 Susan M. Lehman, Gillian Mearns, Deborah Rankin, Robert A. Cole, Frenk Smrekar, Steven D. Branston and Sandra Morales Design and Preclinical Development of a Phage Product for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 88, doi:10.3390/v11010088 ..................... 45 Julien Lossouarn, Arnaud Briet, Elisabeth Moncaut, Sylviane Furlan, Astrid Bouteau, Olivier Son, Magali Leroy, Michael S. DuBow, Fran¸cois Lecointe, Pascale Serror and Marie-Agn`es Petit Enterococcus faecalis Countermeasures Defeat a Virulent Picovirinae Bacteriophage Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 48, doi:10.3390/v11010048 ..................... 61 Han Lin, Matthew L. Paff, Ian J. Molineux and James J. Bull Antibiotic Therapy Using Phage Depolymerases: Robustness Across a Range of Conditions Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 622, doi:10.3390/v10110622 ..................... 83 Casandra W. Philipson, Logan J. Voegtly, Matthew R. Lueder, Kyle A. Long, Gregory K. Rice, Kenneth G. Frey, Biswajit Biswas, Regina Z. Cer, Theron Hamilton and Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly Characterizing Phage Genomes for Therapeutic Applications Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 188, doi:10.3390/v10040188 .....................100 Dana Stver´ˇ akov´a, Ondrej Sedo,ˇ Martin Beneˇs´ık, Zbynˇek Zdr´ahal, Jiˇr´ıDoˇskaˇr and Roman Pantuˇ ˚ cek Rapid Identification of Intact Staphylococcal Bacteriophages Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 176, doi:10.3390/v10040176 .....................120 v Jean-Paul Pirnay, Gilbert Verbeken, Pieter-Jan Ceyssens, Isabelle Huys, Daniel De Vos, Charlotte Ameloot and Alan Fauconnier The Magistral Phage Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 64, doi:10.3390/v10020064 .....................139 Katarzyna Leskinen, Henni Tuomala, Anu Wicklund, Jenni Horsma-Heikkinen, Pentti Kuusela, Mikael Skurnik and Saija Kiljunen Characterization of vB SauM-fRuSau02, a Twort-Like Bacteriophage Isolated from a Therapeutic Phage Cocktail Reprinted from: Viruses 2017, 9, 258, doi:10.3390/v9090258 ......................146 Andrei S. Bolocan, Aditya Upadrasta, Pedro H. de Almeida Bettio, Adam G. Clooney, Lorraine A. Draper, R. Paul Ross and Colin Hill Evaluation of Phage Therapy in the Context of Enterococcus faecalis and Its Associated Diseases Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 366, doi:10.3390/v11040366 .....................165 Shawna McCallin, Jessica C. Sacher, Jan Zheng and Benjamin K. Chan Current State of Compassionate Phage Therapy Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 343, doi:10.3390/v11040343 .....................183 Sandra-Maria Wienhold, Jasmin Lienau and Martin Witzenrath Towards Inhaled Phage Therapy in Western Europe Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 295, doi:10.3390/v11030295 .....................197 Jonas D. Van Belleghem, Krystyna Dabrowska,© Mario Vaneechoutte, Jeremy J. Barr and Paul L. Bollyky Interactions between Bacteriophage, Bacteria, and the Mammalian Immune System Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 10, doi:10.3390/v11010010 .....................210 Frank Oechslin Resistance Development to Bacteriophages Occurring during Bacteriophage Therapy Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 351, doi:10.3390/v10070351 .....................232 Tobi E. Nagel Delivering Phage Products to Combat Antibiotic Resistance in Developing Countries: Lessons Learned from the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Africa Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 345, doi:10.3390/v10070345 .....................255 Marta Louren¸co, Luisa De Sordi and Laurent Debarbieux The Diversity of Bacterial Lifestyles Hampers Bacteriophage Tenacity Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 327, doi:10.3390/v10060327 .....................266 Andrzej G´orski, Ryszard Miedzybrodzki,© Małgorzata Łobocka, Aleksandra Głowacka-Rutkowska, Agnieszka Bednarek, Jan Borysowski, Ewa Jonczyk-Matysiak, ´ Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska, Beata Weber-Dabrowska,© Natalia Baginska, ´ Sławomir Letkiewicz, Krystyna Dabrowska© and Jacques Scheres Phage Therapy: What Have We Learned? Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 288, doi:10.3390/v10060288 .....................277 Antonet Svircev, Dwayne Roach and Alan Castle Framing the Future with Bacteriophages in Agriculture Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 218, doi:10.3390/v10050218 .....................305 vi Zachary D. Moye, Joelle Woolston and Alexander Sulakvelidze Bacteriophage Applications for Food Production and Processing Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 205, doi:10.3390/v10040205 .....................318 David R. Harper Criteria for Selecting Suitable Infectious Diseases for Phage Therapy Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 177, doi:10.3390/v10040177 .....................340 Eoghan Casey, Douwe van Sinderen and Jennifer Mahony In Vitro Characteristics of Phages to Guide ‘Real Life’ Phage Therapy Suitability Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 163, doi:10.3390/v10040163 .....................351 Alan Fauconnier Phage Therapy Regulation: From Night to Dawn Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 352, doi:10.3390/v11040352 .....................371 Olivier Patey, Shawna McCallin, Hubert Mazure, Max Liddle, Anthony Smithyman and Alain Dublanchet Clinical Indications and Compassionate Use of Phage Therapy: Personal Experience and Literature Review with a Focus on Osteoarticular Infections Reprinted from: Viruses 2019, 11, 18, doi:10.3390/v11010018 .....................379 Brigitte Roy, C´ecile Philippe, Martin J. Loessner, Jacques Goulet and Sylvain Moineau Production of Bacteriophages by Listeria Cells Entrapped in Organic Polymers Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 324, doi:10.3390/v10060324 .....................400 Clara Torres-Barcel´o Phage Therapy Faces Evolutionary Challenges Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 323, doi:10.3390/v10060323 .....................410 Thomas H¨ausler Phages Make for Jolly Good Stories Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 209, doi:10.3390/v10040209 .....................418 Christine Rohde, Gr´egory Resch, Jean-Paul Pirnay, Bob G. Blasdel, Laurent Debarbieux, Daniel Gelman, Andrzej G´orski, Ronen Hazan, Isabelle Huys, Elene Kakabadze, et al. Expert Opinion on Three Phage Therapy Related Topics: Bacterial Phage Resistance, Phage Training and Prophages in Bacterial Production Strains Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 178, doi:10.3390/v10040178 .....................427 Elene Kakabadze, Khatuna Makalatia, Nino Grdzelishvili, Nata Bakuradze, Marina Goderdzishvili, Ia Kusradze, Marie-France Phoba, Octavie Lunguya, C´edric Lood, Rob Lavigne, et al. Selection of Potential Therapeutic Bacteriophages that Lyse a CTX-M-15 Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain from the Democratic Republic of the Congo Reprinted from: Viruses 2018, 10, 172, doi:10.3390/v10040172 .....................442 Irene Huber, Katerina Potapova, Andreas Kuhn, Herbert Schmidt, J¨org Hinrichs, Christine
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