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Magellan and his slave is The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition hard and cloudy topic to cover as there is so little evidence coming directly from the possible navigators; nothing is known beyond what wrote of Magellan and Enrique of Malacca on the day of the massacre, May 1st of With this, it is hard to come up with an answer, but also difficult to give Magellan full credit. was the man who led the first European voyage to circumnavigate the world. By sailing around the globe he proved that Earth was round. The Character Counts Pillars Magellan represented. City is one of the finest travel destinations in the . It is the main center of commerce and industry in Visayas. Goods are cheap in Cebu that the reason for vistors stay in this place. Fort San Pedro, one of the known tourist spots in Cebu, is a Spanish camp built. The Philippines is an archipelago that consists of 7, islands with a total land area ofsquare kilometerssq mi. The Philippine archipelago is divided into three island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and . History[edit] First steps[edit] Several thousand years ago, the first settlers in the Philippines crossed shallow seas and land bridges from mainland Asia to arrive in this group of islands. To judge whether Magellan deserves all the credit writer gives him, it should be clarified what kind of people should deserve such credits. The name of book, a world lit only by fire, and its subtitle, the medieval mind and the renaissance, indicate that this book is about the thought revolution and change at that time. In this unstable era, the hero should be the person who stirred up the revolution and destroyed the unreasonable rule. The Philippines is a group of islands, just off the coast of Southeast Asia. Everything about the country changed when the Spanish first landed at their ports and took control of them. Centuries after, the Americans followed in their footsteps. Each of these new people brought war, death, oppression, and destruction to the moderately calm and isolated islands. A large issue for the Filipinos was that the newcomers arrived at different times, but were also in the Philippines together for a period. Recio, Albin Christian B. September 29, 57 Paper 10 There is no written record of the Philippines for thousands of years. The only proof we have that life even existed in these islands are findings from archaeological excavations; in short, bones and jars. There was no great literary tradition, no written tradition, even. It wasn't until the 10th century that Chinese scholars would write about what is known The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition the present as the island of Mindoro, but that is just one island among the thousands. They reached the island of Masaua on The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition 28, where the first Christian The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition in The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition Philippines was celebrated on March 31, Magellan explored further and arrived at Cebu island on April 7,befriending Rajah Humabon, and converting his family, and other nearby islanders to Christianity. However, Magellan would later be killed in the Battle. Colonization in Philippine Philippine was one of the Southeast-Asian countries that was under the colonization of a great imperial ruler. However, unlike other countries in this region like Malaysia, and Indonesia, Philippine was under the power of two big nations; and America. Spain has ruled over Philippine for a very long time. Their first expedition started on March 16, when Ferdinand Magellan arrived in Cebu and claimed the island for Spain. But it did not continue for. Things to do and travel attractions in Philippines- External Blog Philippines is a one of The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition kind nation with numerous must see spots and a lot of activities for any sort of explorer. Discover things to do in Philippines the easy way, by occupying Philippines visits and activities through many sites like Ctrip. Whether you're going with companions, family or that unique somebody, you will find hotels and resorts in Philippines for Honeymoon Couples too. Philippines have something for you. You can depend. It began with the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan on in the Philippines that led the country to be The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition the colony of Spain for years. His expedition began when royal officials gave him a command to sail to Maluku the Spice Islands. By sailing westward, he finally arrived in Homonhon Island on March 17,a province of Eastern The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition, Philippines. He befriended some of the natives including Rajah Humabon and convinced them to convert The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition Catholicism. In , he was defeated and killed on April 27,because he got involved in political rivalries between Lapu-Lapu and Humabon, chieftains of Mactan Island and Cebu respectively. His fleet continued sailing westward and returned to Spain in Thus, completing the first circumnavigation of the world. After several years, continued to visit the islands of Samar and Leyte. They also collect bandala, which is an annual forced sale and demands the use of goods that came from other countries. Also collected were Custom duties and income tax. Bythe tribute was replaced by the cedula. Taxpayers were now responsible to pay taxes to the Spanish authorities and were arrested if they failed to show a cedula receipt. Show More. Read More. Popular Essays. Open Document. Geography of the Philippines - Wikipedia

The history of the Philippines between and begins with the creation of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription in and ends with Spanish colonisation in The inscription records its date of creation in the year of the Hindu Saka calendarcorresponding to AD in the Gregorian system. Therefore, the recovery of this document marks the end of prehistory of the Philippines at AD. During this historical time period, the Philippine archipelago was home to numerous kingdoms and sultanates and was a part of the theorised and Sinosphere. Sources of precolonial history include archeological findingsrecords from contact with the Song Dynastythe Bruneian EmpireJapanand Muslim traders, the genealogical records of Muslim rulers, accounts written by Spanish chroniclers in the 16th and 17th century, and cultural patterns which at the time had not yet been replaced through European influence. In Januarythe Laguna Copperplate Inscription, then just a thin sheet of crumpled and blackened metal, was bought and acquired by the National Museum of the Philippines after previous efforts to sell it as an antique had been unsuccessful. It measures around 20 cm by 30 cm and is inscribed with ten lines of writing on one side. Dutch anthropologist Antoon Postma deciphered the text and found that it identified the date of its inscription in the "Year of Sakamonth of Vaisakha. The document states the acquittal of all the descendants of a certain honourable Namwaran from a debt of 1 kati and 8 suwarna, which is equivalent to The reference to the contemporaneous Medang Kingdom in modern-day Indonesia imply political connections with territories elsewhere in the . This document is the earliest record of a Philippine language and the presence of writing in the islands. Its contents also suggest the existence of political dominion and long-distance trade in the Philippine archipelago in as early as the 9th century. Communities of various ethnic groups in the archipelago established city-states often governed by a or a . These city-states were formed by assimilating small political units known as barangay that were each led by a . Each barangay consisted of about a hundred families. By the 15th century, the city-states in the Philippine archipelago were organized in strict social classes as follows:. In the Cagayan Valleythe head of the Ilongot city-states was called a benganganatwhile for the Gaddang it was called a mingal. The Ilocano people in northwestern Luzon were originally located in modern-day Ilocos Sur and were led by a babacnang. Their polity was called Samtoy which did not have a royal family but was headed as a chieftaincy. The people of the Cordilleras, collectively known by the Spanish as Igorot, were headed by an apo. These civilizations were highland plutocracies with distinct cultures where most were headhunters. According to literature, some Igorot people were always at war with the lowland Ilocano people from the west. The Subanon people in the Zamboanga Peninsula were ruled by a timuay until they were overcame by the in the 13th century. The Sama-Bajau people in Sulu who were not Muslims nor affiliated with the Sultanate of Sulu were ruled by a nakurah before the arrival of Islam. The items much prized in the islands included jars, which were a symbol of wealth throughout South Asia, and later metal, salt and tobacco. In exchange, the people would The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition feathers, rhino hornshornbill beaks, beeswaxbird's-nests, resinand rattan. Brahmic scripts were introduced in Maritime Southeast Asia through Indian influence. This led to the creation and use of the Kawi script and several native writing systems in the Philippine archipelago. By the 13th or 14th century, the script was in use for the . It is known to have spread to The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition, Mindoro, Palawan, Panay and Leyte, but there The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition no proof that it was used in Mindanao. There were at least three varieties of the Baybayin script in the late 16th century. These are comparable to the different variations of the Latin script in Europe which use slightly different sets of letters and spelling systems. Inthe chronicler Antonio Pigafetta from the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan noted that the people that they met in Visayas were not literate. However, in the next few decades the Baybayin script seemed to have been introduced to them. The earliest date suggested for direct Chinese contact with the Philippines was At the time, The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition from " Ma-i " now thought to be either Bay, Laguna on the shores of Laguna de Bay[15] or a site called "Mait" in Mindoro [16] [17] brought their wares to Guangzhou and Quanzhou. Muslim traders introduced Islam to the then- Indianised Malayan empires around the time that wars over succession had ended in the Empire in Its royal house also claims descent from Muhammad. The following table shows some The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition details about the expeditions The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition by the Spanish to the Philippine archipelago. After the Portuguese reached the Maluku Islands inthe The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition documented European expedition to the Philippine archipelago was led by the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition in the service of King Charles I of Spain in Magellan's expedition first arrived at the island of Homonhon at the mouth of the Leyte Gulf on 16 March Magellan sought alliances among the people in the islands beginning with Datu Zula of Sugbu Cebuand took special pride in converting them to Christianity. Magellan got involved in the political conflicts in the islands and took part in a battle against Lapulapuchief of Mactan and an enemy of Datu Zula. At dawn on 27 Aprilthe occurred. Magellan with 60 armed men and 1, Visayan warriors had great difficulty landing on the rocky shore of Mactan where had an army of 1, waiting on land. Magellan waded ashore with his soldiers and attacked Lapulapu's forces, telling Datu Zula and The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition warriors to remain on the ships and watch. Magellan underestimated the army of Lapulapu, and, grossly outnumbered, Magellan and 14 of his soldiers were killed. The rest managed to reboard the ships. The remaining ships — " " and " " — sailed to the Spice Islands in present-day Indonesia. From there, the expedition split into two groups. Disease and shipwreck disrupted Espinoza's voyage and most of The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition crew died. Survivors of the Trinidad returned to the Spice Islands, where the Portuguese imprisoned them. After Magellan's expedition, four more expeditions were made to the islands. In his return to Spain inthe king ordered an expedition mounted to the Spice Islands, stating that its purpose was "to discover the islands of the west". The Legazpi expedition was successful as it established the first colony in the Philippines. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from History of the Philippines — This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. Learn how and when to remove these template messages. This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. September The verifiability of the claims made in this article is disputed. Please help improve this article by verifying its references The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition removing any that are not reliable or do not support the article. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. September Learn how and when to remove this template message. Part of a series on the. Prehistory pre— Archaic epoch — Colonial period — Post-colonial period — Contemporary history —present. By topic. Main article: Laguna Copperplate Inscription. See also: Barangay state and Dambana. Depiction of a noble Visayan couple in the 16th- century Boxer Codex. Main articles: Indian influences in early Philippine polities and List of India-related topics in the Philippines. Please see the talk page for more information. See also: History of the Philippines, Retrieved March 4, New Day Publishers, Quezon City. University of Hawaii Press. Looking for the Prehispanic Filipino. August 28, Accessed September 4, Retrieved April 25, Conquista de las Islas Filipinas An The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition of a Historical Puzzle". Philippine Studies. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University. Retrieved October 16, The Philippines in the 6th to 16th Centuries. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. Diwang Kayumanggi. Archived from the original on October 25, Retrieved September 30, Halili List of islands of the Philippines - Wikipedia

The Philippine archipelago lies in Southeast Asia in a position that has led to itself becoming a cultural crossroads - a place where Malays, Hindus, Arabs, Chinese, Spaniards, Americans, and others had interacted to The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition a unique cultural and racial blend. The archipelago numbers some 7, islands. They, together with the cluster of islands in Visayas in between them, represent the three principal regions of the archipelago that are identified by the three stars on the Philippine flag. The Philippines is broken up in many islands by the sea. The Philippines is part of a western Pacific arc system characterized by active volcanoes. All of the Philippine islands are prone to earthquakes. The rain forests also offer prime habitat for more than species of birds, including the Philippine eagle or monkey-eating eaglesome 1, species of orchidsand some 8, species of flowering plants. Laguna de Bayeast The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition Manila Bay, is the largest freshwater lake in the Philippines. Several rivers have been harnessed for hydroelectric power. Most of the islands used to be covered by tropical rainforests. The islands are volcanic in origin, being part of the Pacific Ring of Fireand are mostly mountainous. The Philippine Fault System consists of a series of seismic faults that produce several earthquakes per year, most of which are not felt. Many volcanoes in the country are active. Mount Mayon is renowned for having an almost perfect cone, but has a violent history of 47 eruptions since and its VEI-4 eruption on June 23, rained fire for seven days. The terrain ranges from coastal plains to rugged mountains bordered by the South China Sea in the west and the Cordillera Central and Zambales mountain ranges in the east. Western Luzon is known for its beaches, surf spots and historic towns. Nestled between the Cordilleras The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition the east and the Sierra Madre mountain ranges in the west is the Cagayan Valley, also the name of the administrative region which it covers. Through its center runs the country's longest river, the Cagayanflowing in a northward direction before emptying its waters in the Luzon Strait at the town of Aparri. The Cordilleras consists of two, sometimes three, mountain ranges that are found in northwestern central Luzon. The The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition, called Caraballo del Surforms the nucleus of the system and has its highest peaks in the border between the provinces of AbraIlocos Norte and Cagayan. Caraballo Occidentallesis further divided into two ranges, the The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition Norte and Cordillera Central. Lying in the eastern portion of Luzon is the longest mountain range in the Philippines, the Sierra Madrestretching from Quezon province in the south to Cagayan in the north. The range serves as the eastern wall of Luzon Island that protects inhabitants from tropical cyclones usually coming from the Pacific Ocean. The largest plain of the nation is situated in the Central Luzon region and produces most of the national rice supply, earning itself the nickname " Rice Bowl of the Philippines ". To the east of the lake is a plain that stretches westward to the Manila Bay. Large rivers from bays and mountain springs traverse the plain. In the northern part of the region, that is, Manila and Rizalmost of the plain had been converted into cities and towns, and are thus industrialized. Lying east of the lake is the southern terminus of the Sierra Madre mountain range at northern Quezon province. To the southwest of the Laguna de Bay is the nation's third largest lake, the Taalbordered to the north by the Tagaytay Ridgea ridge stretching from southern Cavite to northern Batangas provinces. The predominantly flat landscape features several solitary peaks, usually active volcanoeswhich include IrigaMayon and Bulusan. Mindoro's coastal plains are characterized by rice and corn fields, rivers, beaches, and extensive open space areas. Most of the population is concentrated on the northern and eastern coast of this island where the city of Calapan and Puerto Galera are located. The Mindoro mountain range begins with Mount Halcon and is further divided into three. The northwest ends at Calavite Point and is a landmark for ships. The east originates from Lake Naujan and the west follows the Mindoro Strait. The Kalayaan Islands are located to the west of Palawan. Kalayaan is a Filipino word meaning "freedom". Forming its northern portion are the Diwata Mountains also spelled Diuataseparated from the south by low passes situated at the middle. To the east of the range are narrow strips of lowland that feature several inlets and bays, the most prominent of which include the Lianga and Bislig bays. Its northern portion includes the Agusan Valley which forms the lower river basin of the Agusan River. The river flows in a northward direction and empties into the Butuan Bay. Draining the southern portion of the lowland are several other rivers, which include the Tagumflowing southward to The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition Davao Gulf. Situated west of the Davao-Agusan Trough is a complex series of mountain ranges called the Central Mindanao Highlands also known as the Central Cordillera. From these mountains form the headwaters of several rivers which include the Rio Grande de MindanaoPulangiThe Philippine Archipelago 1st edition and Tagoloan rivers. Several tall mountains, such as Mount Apothe country's highest are found within the range. The north-central portion of Mindanao is dominated by an The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition highland region, the Bukidnon-Lanao Plateauwhich includes the The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition and Kalatungan mountain ranges. Within the plateau lies the country's second largest lake, Lake Lanao situated at an elevation of 2, feet, drained by the Agus River flowing northward to its river mouth at Iligan Bay. South of the Bukidnon-Lanao Plateau lies The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition large depressionthe Cotabato Basin, which forms the lower river basin of the country's second largest river system, the Rio Grande The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition Cagayan also known as the Mindanao River. Surrounded by three mountain ranges, the basin's only opening to the sea is to the northwest at Illana Baywhere the Mindanao River empties into the ocean. To the southeast of the main basin are two large valleys, the Koronadal and Allah valleys. Situated south and west of the Cotabato Basin are a moderately high mountain range, the Tiruray Highlandswhich block off the Basin from the southern coastline. At the northwestern tip of Mindanao is the generally mountainous Zamboanga Peninsula. The southern coastline is irregular, featuring two smaller peninsulas, the Sibuguey and Baganianextending southward to the Moro Gulf. To the north of the Diwata Mountains at northeast Mindanao lie Siargao island and the Dinagat group of islands. Southwest of the Zamboanga Peninsula is the Sulu Archipelagoa chain of islands which comprise the smaller archipelago provinces of BasilanSuluand Tawi-Tawi. The Philippines is divided into a hierarchy of local government units LGUs with the 81 provinces and 38 independent cities as the primary unit. Provinces are further subdivided into component cities and municipalitiesboth of which consist of barangaysthe smallest local government unit. There are 17 regions comprising the Philippines. Each region, with the exception of the National Capital Regionis further subdivided into component provinces. The National Capital Region is divided into four special districts. Most government offices establish regional offices in a city to serve the constituent provinces. Such cities are designated as "regional centers". The regions themselves do not possess a separate local government, with the exception of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. Forming the regions, with the exception of the National Capitalare the 81 provinces. Each province has a capital city or municipality. Of the 81 provinces of the Philippines, 15 are landlockedand 16 are island provinces. The summer monsoon brings heavy rains to most of the archipelago from May to October, whereas the winter monsoon brings relatively cooler and drier air from December to February. Manila and most of the lowland areas are hot and dusty from March to May. Annual rainfall measures as much as 5, millimeters Monsoon rains, although hard and drenching, are not normally associated with high winds and waves. But the Philippines sit astride the typhoon belt, and it suffers an annual onslaught of dangerous storms from July through October. These are especially hazardous for northern and eastern Luzon and the Bicol and Eastern Visayas regions, but Manila gets devastated periodically as well. In the last decade, the Philippines has been hit severely by natural disasters. In alone, Central Luzon was hit by both a drought, which sharply curtailed hydroelectric power, and by a typhoon that flooded practically all of low-lying Manila's streets. Still more damaging was the earthquake that devastated a wide area in Luzon, including Baguio and other northern areas. The city of Cebu and nearby areas were struck by a typhoon that killed more than a hundred people, sank vessels, destroyed part of the sugar crop, and cut off water and electricity for several days. The Philippines is prone to about six to nine storms which make landfall each year, on average. The Mount Pinatubo eruption also damaged much of Central Luzon, the lahar burying towns and farmland, and the ashes affecting global temperatures. Building construction is undertaken with natural disasters in mind. Most rural housing has consisted of nipa huts that are easily damaged but are inexpensive and easy to replace. Most urban buildings are steel and concrete structures designed not always successfully to resist both typhoons and earthquakes. Damage is still significant, however, The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition many people are displaced each year by typhoons, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. In alone the Department of Social Welfare and Development helped 2. Unless otherwise indicated, the information below is taken from CIA Factbook information for the Philippines. The Philippines sit astride typhoon belt and are usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis. Typhoon Haiyan in November caused major problems. In political geographyan enclave is a territory or part of a territory lying wholly within the boundaries of another, and an exclave is one which is politically attached to a larger piece but not actually contiguous with it. Many entities are both enclaves and exclaves, but the two are not synonymous. A quadripoint is a point on the Earth that touches four distinct regions. Such points are often called "four corners", from the corners of the four regions meeting there. Four distinct geographic divisions converging at a single point is not uncommon in the Philippines, and there are other points of convergence between five or more divisions that can be found. The island province of Marinduque prides itself as being the geographic center of the Philippines. The boundaries of the Philippine archipelago are described in Article III of the Treaty of Parisas comprising an irregular polygon. The center of this box would lie at That point lies roughly in the center of the Tablas Strait between the islands of Tablas and Mindoro. Republic Act No. The extreme points under Philippine control as of [update] are:. That point is located in the Mindoro Straitabout 12 kilometres 7. The following is a list of the most populous cities in The Philippine Archipelago 1st edition country, with their population according to the census.