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Finding Certainty in an Age of Uncertainty the Early Eighteenth-Century Cocceian Turn Towards Natural Theology
Finding certainty in an age of uncertainty The early eighteenth-century Cocceian turn towards natural theology Masterthesis by: Niels Visscher – 3237494 Primary reader: Prof.dr. M. Mostert Secondary reader: Prof.dr. W. Mijnhardt Medieval Studies University Utrecht 19-07-2013 1 Content Preface 3 Introduction 4 Chapter I: The crisis of the Reformed mind 9 The Reformed theological system 9 Scripture and the Reformed articles of faith 10 The intellectual foundations of Reformed theology 12 Reformed theology and the challenge of Cartesianism 13 The challenge of Cartesian philosophy 14 The Voetian response to the new philosophy 15 The Cartesian philosophers 16 The Cocceian theologians 18 The rise of philosophical radicalism 20 Chapter II: Living during the crisis of the Reformed mind 24 A child prodigy 24 The University of Franeker 25 Education at the University of Franeker 27 The status of reason and the divinity of Scripture 28 Minister of the Divine Word 29 Professor of at the University of Franeker 31 The last of the Cartesians 32 Chapter III: Vindicating the divinity of Scripture 34 The Reformed view on natural theology 35 The characteristics of natural theology 36 The new approach to natural theology 37 Prolegomena 38 The doctrine of God 40 Natural religion 41 The necessity and divinity of supernatural revelation 42 Ruardus Andala on natural theology 44 Prolegomena 45 The doctrine of God 46 Natural religion 47 The necessity and divinity of supernatural revelation 48 A turn towards rationalism? 49 Conclusion 51 Bibliography 53 2 Preface Trying to obtain a master’s degree in Medieval Studies by writing a thesis on seventeenth- and eight- eenth-century developments in theology and philosophy – this turn of events will probably amaze many readers. -
'Elke Daad Is Een Werk'
‘Elke daad is een werk’ Alexander Comrie (1706-1774) over de verschillen tussen de remonstrantse en de gereformeerde rechtvaardigingsleer G.A. van den Brink Abstract The Dutch theologian Alexander Comrie (1706-1774) opposed Amyraldism vehemently. He downplayed the role of the act of faith in justification, for ‘every act is a work of man.’ However, Comrie offended many of his colleagues by suggesting that anyone who regarded the act of faith as the instrument involved in justification, was dogmatically speaking to be considered an amyraldian or even an arminian. Comrie was, in turn, accused of antinomianism. In this article the dogmatic position of Comrie is analyzed. His view on the material cause and especially on the formal cause of justification is compared with the views by Arminius, Lubbertus and others. It is concluded that Comrie mistakenly regarded the immediacy of the imputation of Christ’s righteousness as fundamental for the Reformed doctrine of justification. 1 Inleiding Toen de Schots-Nederlandse theoloog Alexander Comrie (1706-1774)1 in 1753 zijn verklaring van Zondag 1-7 van de Heidelbergse Catechismus publi- ceerde, brak er een storm van protest los. Geheel onbegrijpelijk was de verbol- genheid niet: Comrie schroomde niet om velen van zijn collega’s te bestempe- len als mensen die, al of niet bewust, een arminiaanse en semipelagiaanse opvatting huldigden ten aanzien van de leer van de rechtvaardiging. De bezorgdheid van Comrie werd ingegeven door de controverse rondom de Zwolse predikant Antonius van der Os (1722-1807).2 Deze was aangeklaagd 1 A.G. Honig, Alexander Comrie, Utrecht 1892; R.A. -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. JOHANNES SWARTENHENGST (1644-1711): A DUTCH CARTESIAN IN THE HEAT OF BATTLE ESTER BERTRAND PHD THESIS UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH & FREE UNIVERSITY OF BRUSSELS 2014 2 JOHANNES SWARTENHENGST (1644-1711): A DUTCH CARTESIAN IN THE HEAT OF BATTLE ESTER BERTRAND The painting on the title page, entitled The Stallion, is by the accomplished Dutch painter of equestrian scenes, Philips Wouwerman (1619-1668). In agreement with the Creative Commons Licence this copy was retrieved from the following website: http://www.wouwerman.org/ PHD THESIS UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH & FREE UNIVERSITY OF BRUSSELS JUNE 2014 Funded by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), the Free University of Brussels, and the University of Edinburgh I, Ester Bertrand, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 95.000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. -
Aspects of Arminian Soteriology in Methodist-Lutheran Ecumenical Dialogues in 20Th and 21St Century
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto ASPECTS OF ARMINIAN SOTERIOLOGY IN METHODIST-LUTHERAN ECUMENICAL DIALOGUES IN 20TH AND 21ST CENTURY Mikko Satama Master’s Thesis University of Helsinki Faculty of Theology Department of Systematic Theology Ecumenical Studies 18th January 2009 HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO − HELSINGFORS UNIVERSITET Tiedekunta/Osasto − Fakultet/Sektion Laitos − Institution Teologinen tiedekunta Systemaattisen teologian laitos Tekijä − Författare Mikko Satama Työn nimi − Arbetets title Aspects of Arminian Soteriology in Methodist-Lutheran Ecumenical Dialogues in 20th and 21st Century Oppiaine − Läroämne Ekumeniikka Työn laji − Arbetets art Aika − Datum Sivumäärä − Sidoantal Pro Gradu -tutkielma 18.1.2009 94 Tiivistelmä − Referat The aim of this thesis is to analyse the key ecumenical dialogues between Methodists and Lutherans from the perspective of Arminian soteriology and Methodist theology in general. The primary research question is defined as: “To what extent do the dialogues under analysis relate to Arminian soteriology?” By seeking an answer to this question, new knowledge is sought on the current soteriological position of the Methodist-Lutheran dialogues, the contemporary Methodist theology and the commonalities between the Lutheran and Arminian understanding of soteriology. This way the soteriological picture of the Methodist-Lutheran discussions is clarified. The dialogues under analysis were selected on the basis of versatility. Firstly, the sole world organisation level dialogue was chosen: The Church – Community of Grace. Additionally, the document World Methodist Council and the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification is analysed as a supporting document. Secondly, a document concerning the discussions between two main-line churches in the United States of America was selected: Confessing Our Faith Together. -
Calvinism and the Arts: a Re-Assessment
Durham E-Theses Calvinism and the arts: A re-assessment Joby, Christopher Richard How to cite: Joby, Christopher Richard (2005) Calvinism and the arts: A re-assessment, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2873/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Abstract Calvinism and the arts: A re-assessment Although many believe John Calvin had a negative attitude towards the arts, particularly visual art, my contention is that we find within his writings and the development of the Reformed tradition a more positive attitude to the arts than has hitherto been recognized. In chapters one and two, I look in detail at Calvin's own writings. I begin by examining exactly what type of visual art he rejected and what type he affirmed. I then look at how his eschatology and epistemology, particularly his use of the metaphor of mirror, allow us to argue for the placing of certain types of art within Reformed churches, notably history and landscape paintings. -
Minimal Faith and Irenic Ideals in Seventeenth-Century Scholarly Circles Hugo Grotius As a Guardian of Isaac Casaubon’S Legacy*
Church History Church History and and Religious Culture 94 (2014) 444–478 Religious Culture brill.com/chrc Minimal Faith and Irenic Ideals in Seventeenth-Century Scholarly Circles Hugo Grotius as a Guardian of Isaac Casaubon’s Legacy* Henk Nellen Huygens Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract This article shows how the Dutch humanist Hugo Grotius (1583–1645), inspired by his friend Isaac Casaubon, sought to introduce a procedure for mitigating strife in the Christian church. He proclaimed a division between a set of self-evident, universally accepted key tenets, to be endorsed by all believers, and a larger number of secondary, not completely certain articles of faith, which were to be left open for friendly debate. The doctrine of the Trinity belonged to the second category; it should be treated in a careful, detached way, in words that did not go beyond the terminology of the Bible. However, defenders of this irenic stance laid themselves open to severe criticism: the example of the conservative Lutheran theologian Abraham Calovius illustrates how they were censured for giving up divinely inspired truth for a chimerical unionist ideal which cajoled them into reintroducing the early Christian heresy of Arianism, now called Socinianism. Keywords minimal faith – secularisation – Socinianism – exegesis – seventeenth-century intellectual life – Grotius – Casaubon * Research for this article was conducted within the project ‘Biblical Criticism and Seculariza- tion in the Seventeenth Century’ (nwo, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, 360–25–090). I am indebted to two anonymous reviewers for their remarks on an earlier ver- sion of this article. -
Foundations of Psychology by Herman Bavinck
Foundations of Psychology Herman Bavinck Translated by Jack Vanden Born, Nelson D. Kloosterman, and John Bolt Edited by John Bolt Author’s Preface to the Second Edition1 It is now many years since the Foundations of Psychology appeared and it is long out of print.2 I had intended to issue a second, enlarged edition but the pressures of other work prevented it. It would be too bad if this little book disappeared from the psychological literature. The foundations described in the book have had my lifelong acceptance and they remain powerful principles deserving use and expression alongside empirical psy- chology. Herman Bavinck, 1921 1 Ed. note: This text was dictated by Bavinck “on his sickbed” to Valentijn Hepp, and is the opening paragraph of Hepp’s own foreword to the second, revised edition of Beginselen der Psychologie [Foundations of Psychology] (Kampen: Kok, 1923), 5. The first edition contains no preface. 2 Ed. note: The first edition was published by Kok (Kampen) in 1897. Contents Editor’s Preface �����������������������������������������������������������������������ix Translator’s Introduction: Bavinck’s Motives �������������������������� xv § 1� The Definition of Psychology ���������������������������������������������1 § 2� The Method of Psychology �������������������������������������������������5 § 3� The History of Psychology �����������������������������������������������19 Greek Psychology .................................................................19 Historic Christian Psychology ..............................................22 -
Calvinism and Religious Toleration in France and The
CALVINISM AND RELIGIOUS TOLERATION IN FRANCE AND THE NETHERLANDS, 1555-1609 by David L. Robinson Bachelor of Arts, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Sir Wilfred Grenfell College), 2011 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate Academic Unit of History Supervisor: Gary K. Waite, PhD, History Examining Board: Cheryl Fury, PhD, History, UNBSJ Sean Kennedy, PhD, Chair, History Gary K. Waite, PhD, History Joanne Wright, PhD, Political Science This thesis is accepted by the Dean of Graduate Studies THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK May, 2011 ©David L. Robinson, 2011 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-91828-9 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-91828-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. -
Memory Before Modernity Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions
Memory before Modernity Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions Edited by Andrew Colin Gow, Edmonton, Alberta In cooperation with Sylvia Brown, Edmonton, Alberta Falk Eisermann, Berlin Berndt Hamm, Erlangen Johannes Heil, Heidelberg Susan C. Karant-Nunn, Tucson, Arizona Martin Kaufhold, Augsburg Erik Kwakkel, Leiden Jürgen Miethke, Heidelberg Christopher Ocker, San Anselmo and Berkeley, California Founding Editor Heiko A. Oberman † VOLUME 176 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/smrt Memory before Modernity Practices of Memory in Early Modern Europe Edited by Erika Kuijpers Judith Pollmann Johannes Müller Jasper van der Steen LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 The digital edition of this title is published in Open Access. Cover illustration: Memorial tablet in the façade of the so-called ‘Spanish House’ in the Holland town of Naarden, located on the spot of the former town hall. In 1572 during the Dutch Revolt, 700 men from Naarden were gathered here and killed by Habsburg troops. The town hall was burnt down and rebuilt in 1615. (Photo Ralf Akemann). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Memory before modernity : practices of memory in early modern Europe / edited by Erika Kuijpers, Judith Pollmann, Johannes Müller, Jasper van der Steen. pages cm. — (Studies in medieval and Reformation traditions, ISSN 1573-4188; volume 176) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-26124-2 (hardback : acid-free paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-26125-9 (e-book) 1. Memory—Social aspects—Europe—History—16th century. 2. Memory—Social aspects— Europe—History—17th century. 3. Loss (Psychology)—Social aspects—Europe—History. 4. Social conflict—Europe—History. -
'Dimittimini, Exite'
Seite 1 von 13 ‘Dimittimini, exite’ Debating Civil and Ecclesiastical Power in the Dutch Republic 1. Dordrecht, Monday 14 January 1619. ‘You are cast away, go! You have started with lies, you have ended with lies. Dimittimini, exite’. The end was bitter and dramatic. The chairman of the Synod of Dort, Johannes Bogerman, lost his patience. Roaring, as some reports put it, he ordered Simon Episcopius, who had just, in equally outspoken terms, accused Bogerman of committing acts of slavery, to leave. Episcopius and his fellow Arminians left. As usual the two great --indeed massive-- seventeenth century accounts of the Synod, those of Johannes Uytenbogaert on the Arminian and of Jacobus Trigland on the orthodox Calvinist side, differ strongly in their account and appreciation of what happened at the Synod of Dort1. But they agreed Dort marked a schism; Dutch Reformed Protestantism had split apart. In almost all 57 fateful sessions of the synod which had started on 13 November 1618 the debate had been bitter, though invariably participants asked for moderation, temperance and sobriety. The Synod vacillated between the bitterness of intense theological dispute and a longing for religious peace, between the relentless quest for truth and the thirst for toleration. For over ten years Dutch Reformed Protestants had been arguing, with increasing intensity and rancour. Divisions and issues were manifold with those, such as Simon 1 See Johannes Uytenbogaert, Kerckelicke Historie, Rotterdam, 1647, pp. 1135-1136 and Jacobus Trigland, Kerckelycke Geschiedenissen, begrypende de swaere en Bekommerlijcke Geschillen, in de Vereenigde Nederlanden voorgevallen met derselver Beslissinge, Leiden, 1650, p 1137. -
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“And the Rich Man’s Heart Sorrows and Grieves”: Iconography and the Historiography of The Allegory of Hope for Gain by Dirck Coornhert and Maarten van Heemskerck Dean Messinger In 1547, Dirck Volkerszoon Coornhert (1522-1590) was hired by the Haarlem city council to engrave and print posters advertising the city’s lottery, a series of works which would become the first recorded evidence of Coornhert as an artist.1 Given his propensity for modesty and aversion to greed, a lottery advertisement is an ironic glimpse into the early career of Coornhert, who has been studied as a theologian, statesmen, and author, but little as an artist. His opposition to avarice is best reflected in his print series, The Allegory of Hope for Gain, produced in 1550 in collaboration with famed Dutch painter Maarten van Heemskerck (1498-1574).2 In this paper, I will examine the style, meaning, purpose, and audience of The Allegory of Hope for Gain. In doing so, I aim to place The Allegory of Hope for Gain within a larger historiographical framework, which will bring to light its novel iconography and how it serves as an active intervention into numerous theoretical debates surrounding printmaking and its iconography, as well as uncovering the relationship between Coornhert’s prints and his more famous literary works. This research paper was produced in collaboration with the University of Arizona’s Art Museum’s exhibition, Renaissance Prints from the Permanent Collection: A Selection. I chose The Allegory of Hope for Gain to be the focus of my research, as well as to be publicly displayed in the exhibit, because of the series’ striking visual appeal and enigmatic creator that demanded further research. -
Hugo Grotius (1583-1645)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Erasmus University Digital Repository Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) Kosmopolis en autarkie: het moderne individu in de grensoverschrijdende samenleving Hans W. Blom Waarom Hugo de Groot? Deze alom bewonderde humanist-geleerde en staatsman, die met de hoofdrolspelers van de Europese politiek verkeerde, werd lange tijd vooral als jurist gezien, als grondlegger van het volkenrecht en het statensysteem van Westfalen van na 1648. Daar is nu verandering in gekomen. Grotius – zoals zijn verlatiniseerde naam luidt – is herontdekt als een van de belangrijkste zeventiende-eeuwse denkers over maatschappij en politiek, als grondlegger van een moderne traditie van theoretiseren over de aard en werking van de samenleving – kortweg omschreven als theorie van de sociabiliteit – en daarmee op gelijke hoogte als denkers als Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), Benedictus Spinoza (1632-1677), John Locke (1632-1704) en Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). Natuurlijk was Grotius ook jurist en met zijn Recht van oorlog en vrede (1625) heeft hij grote invloed gehad in de zeventiende en achttiende eeuw. Maar hij was ook historicus en theoloog. Op al die terreinen stond één vraag centraal voor onze Hugo: hoe kan de mens zijn leven in eigen hand nemen, in de wetenschap van de verbondenheid van het mensengeslacht hier op aarde. Van zijn jeugdwerk Adam in ballingschap (1600) tot zijn postume Over het noodlot (1647) vroeg hij naar de zedelijke plaats van de mens in de kosmische orde, terwijl zijn politieke en juridische werken daar de passende politieke organisatie bij zochten. Adam Smith (1723-1790), Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), en Karl Marx (1818-1883) bouwden op dit oeuvre voort.