Memory before Modernity Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions Edited by Andrew Colin Gow, Edmonton, Alberta In cooperation with Sylvia Brown, Edmonton, Alberta Falk Eisermann, Berlin Berndt Hamm, Erlangen Johannes Heil, Heidelberg Susan C. Karant-Nunn, Tucson, Arizona Martin Kaufhold, Augsburg Erik Kwakkel, Leiden Jürgen Miethke, Heidelberg Christopher Ocker, San Anselmo and Berkeley, California Founding Editor Heiko A. Oberman † VOLUME 176 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/smrt Memory before Modernity Practices of Memory in Early Modern Europe Edited by Erika Kuijpers Judith Pollmann Johannes Müller Jasper van der Steen LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 The digital edition of this title is published in Open Access. Cover illustration: Memorial tablet in the façade of the so-called ‘Spanish House’ in the Holland town of Naarden, located on the spot of the former town hall. In 1572 during the Dutch Revolt, 700 men from Naarden were gathered here and killed by Habsburg troops. The town hall was burnt down and rebuilt in 1615. (Photo Ralf Akemann). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Memory before modernity : practices of memory in early modern Europe / edited by Erika Kuijpers, Judith Pollmann, Johannes Müller, Jasper van der Steen. pages cm. — (Studies in medieval and Reformation traditions, ISSN 1573-4188; volume 176) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-26124-2 (hardback : acid-free paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-26125-9 (e-book) 1. Memory—Social aspects—Europe—History—16th century. 2. Memory—Social aspects— Europe—History—17th century. 3. Loss (Psychology)—Social aspects—Europe—History. 4. Social conflict—Europe—History. 5. Politics and culture—Europe—History. 6. Europe— History—1492–1648. 7. Europe—History, Military—1492–1648. 8. Europe—Social conditions. 9. Europe—Civilization. I. Kuijpers, Erika, 1967– II. Pollmann, Judith. III. Müller, Johannes (Johannes M.), 1980– IV. Steen, Jasper van der. D210.M385 2013 940.2—dc23 2013034216 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1573-4188 ISBN 978-90-04-26124-2 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-26125-9 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... ix List of Contributors ......................................................................................... xi List of Illustrations ........................................................................................... xvii Introduction. On the Early Modernity of Modern Memory ............... 1 Judith Pollmann and Erika Kuijpers PART I MEMORY POLITICS AND MEMORY WARS 1. The Usable Past in the Lemberg Armenian Community’s Struggle for Equal Rights, 1578–1654 .................................................... 27 Alexandr Osipian 2. A Contested Past. Memory Wars during the Twelve Years Truce (1609–21) ....................................................................................................... 45 Jasper van der Steen 3. ‘You Will See Who They Are that Revile, and Lessen Your . Glorious Deliverance’. The ‘Memory War’ about the ‘Glorious Revolution’ ................................................................................. 63 Ulrich Niggemann 4. Civic and Confessional Memory in Conflict. Augsburg in the Sixteenth Century ...................................................................................... 77 Sean F. Dunwoody 5. Tales of a Peasant Revolt. Taboos and Memories of 1514 in Hungary ......................................................................................................... 93 Gabriella Erdélyi 6. Shaping the Memory of the French Wars of Religion. The First Centuries .................................................................................... 111 Philip Benedict vi contents PART II MEDIALITY 7. Celebrating a Trojan Horse. Memories of the Dutch Revolt in Breda, 1590–1650 ....................................................................................... 129 Marianne Eekhout 8. ‘The Odious Demon from Across the Sea’. Oliver Cromwell, Memory and the Dislocations of Ireland .......................................... 149 Sarah Covington 9. Material Memories of the Guildsmen. Crafting Identities in Early Modern London ............................................................................. 165 Jasmine Kilburn-Toppin 10. Between Storytelling and Patriotic Scripture. The Memory Brokers of the Dutch Revolt .................................................................. 183 Erika Kuijpers 11. Lost in Time and Space? Glocal Memoryscapes in the Early Modern World ........................................................................................... 203 Dagmar Freist 12. The Spaces of Memory and their Transmediations. On the Lives of Exotic Images and their Material Evocations .................. 223 Benjamin Schmidt PART III PERSONAL MEMORY 13. Disturbing Memories. Narrating Experiences and Emotions of Distressing Events in the French Wars of Religion ........................ 253 Susan Broomhall 14. Remembering Fear. The Fear of Violence and the Violence of Fear in Seventeenth-Century War Memories .................................. 269 Andreas Bähr contents vii 15. Permeable Memories. Family History and the Diaspora of Southern Netherlandish Exiles in the Seventeenth Century ...... 283 Johannes Müller 16. Women, Memory and Family History in Seventeenth-Century England ........................................................................................................ 297 Katharine Hodgkin 17. The Experience of Rupture and the History of Memory .............. 315 Brecht Deseure and Judith Pollmann Index .................................................................................................................... 331 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The essays in this volume were first conceived as papers for the confer- ence Memory before Modernity. Memory cultures in early modern Europe, that was held in Leiden in June 2012. The conference was organised by the research team Tales of the Revolt. Memory, oblivion and identity in the Low Countries, 1566–1700, which was directed by Judith Pollmann and funded by a VICI grant from the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific research (NWO). The editors would like to thank all who attended the conference for their valuable suggestions and input. We are grateful to the editorial board of the Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions, the anony- mous peer reviewers, and Arjan van Dijk, Ivo Romein and Thalien Colen- brander at Brill publishers for their enthusiasm and support in seeing this volume through press. Finally, we thank copy editor Kate Delaney and the team’s assistant Frank de Hoog, who checked the notes, made the index to this book and offered invaluable assistance throughout the editorial process. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Andreas Bähr is a lecturer at the Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut of the Free University of Berlin. In 2013 he published Furcht und Furchtlosigkeit. Gött- liche Gewalt und Selbstkonstitution im 17. Jahrhundert (Göttingen 2013). His research interests include early modern violence and disease, the making of the self, the history of religious thought, historical epistemology, and the history of historiography. Philip Benedict is professor at the Institute of Reformation History of the University of Geneva. His books include Rouen during the Wars of Religion (1981), The faith and fortunes of France’s Huguenots 1600–85 (2001), Christ’s churches purely Reformed. A social history of Calvinism (2002), Graphic his- tory. The Wars, Massacres and Troubles of Tortorel and Perrissin (2007), and (with Nicolas Fornerod) L’organisation et l’action des Églises réformées de France 1557–1563. Synodes provinciaux et autres documents (2012). Susan Broomhall is professor of early modern history at The University of Western Australia. She is author of a range of studies on women and gender in early modern Europe, including most recently (with Jennifer Spinks) Early modern women in the Low Countries. Feminising sources and interpretations of the past (Ashgate, 2011). She is currently researching sixteenth- and seventeenth-century French narrators of life accounts who recorded disastrous and violent experiences as part of an Australian Research Council project with Charles Zika and Jennifer Spinks. Sarah Covington is professor of history at Queens College/The City Univer- sity of New York, where she specialises in early modern British and Irish history. She is the author of numerous articles as well as two books, The