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Freshwater Crayfish of the Genus Euastacus Clark (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from New South Wales, with a Key to All Species of the Genus

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Freshwater Crayfish of the Genus Euastacus Clark (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from New South Wales, with a Key to All Species of the Genus Records of the Australian Museum (1997) Supplement 23. ISBN 0 7310 9726 2 Freshwater Crayfish of the Genus Euastacus Clark (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from New South Wales, With a Key to all Species of the Genus GARY 1. MORGAN Botany Bay National Park, Kurnell NSW 2231, Australia ABSTRACT. Twenty-four species of Euastacus are recorded from New South Wales. Nine new species are described: E. clarkae, E. dangadi, E. dharawalus, E. gamilaroi, E. gumar, E. guwinus, E. rieki, E. spinichelatus and E. yanga. The following species are synonymised: E. alienus with E. reductus, E. aquilus with E. neohirsutus, E. clydensis with E. spini[er, E. keirensis with E. hirsutus, E. nobilis with E. australasiensis and E. spinosus with E. spinifer. This study brings the number of recognised species in Euastacus to 41. A key to all species of the genus is provided. Relationships between taxa are discussed and comments on habitat are included. MORGAN, GARY J., 1997. Freshwater crayfish of the genus Euastacus Clark (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from New South Wales, with a key to all species of the genus. Records of the Australian Musuem, Supplement 23: 1-110. Contents Introduction.. ...... .... ....... .... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ..... ... .... .... ..... ..... ... .... ... ....... ... ... ... ... .... ..... ........ ..... 2 Key to species of Euastacus.... ...... ... ... ......... ... ......... .......... ...... ........... ... ..... .... ..... ...... ........ 11 Euastacus armatus von Martens, 1866.. ....... .... ..... ...... .... ............. ... ... ... ... ...... ..... ........ 18 Euastacus australasiensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) ................................................ 18 Euastacus bidawalus Morgan, 1986 ............................................................................. 26 Euastacus brachythorax Riek, 1969.. ............ ....... ..... ........ ... ... ... ..... ... ... ... ..... ...... ......... 26 Euastacus clarkae n.sp. .. ... ... ... ... ... .... ..... .... .... .... ..... .......... ... ..... ... ... ... ...... .... ...... ........ ... 30 Euastacus claytoni Riek, 1969.. ... ... ..... ......... .... ..... .......... ... ... ........ ... ...... .... ...... ........... 33 Euastacus crass us Riek, 1969. ... ... .... ......... ......... ....... .... .... ... ..... ......... ... ... ..... ..... .... ...... 37 Euastacus dangadi n.sp. ................................................................................................ 42 Euastacus dharawalus n.sp. ........................................................................................... 46 Euastacus gamilaroi n.sp. .............................................................................................. 50 Euastacus gumar n.sp. ................................................................................................... 53 Euastacus guwinus n.sp. ................................................................................................ 57 2 Records of the Australian Museum (1997) Supplement 23. Euastacus hirsutus (McCulloch, 1917)..... ........... ......... ........ .................. ........ ........... .... 60 Euastacus neohirsutus Riek, 1956 ................................................................................. 66 Euastacus polysetosus Riek, 1951.. ............... .... ............ ................... .... ............. ......... .... 71 Euastacus reductus Riek, 1969.. ................................................ ..................... ........... ..... 75 Euastacus rieki n.sp. ........................................................................................................ 79 Euastacus simplex Riek, 1956 ........................................................................................ 83 Euastacus spinichelatus n.sp. .......................................................................................... 87 Euastacus spinifer (Hell er, 1865) ... ........... ................................ ........................... .......... 91 Euastacus sulcatus Riek, 1951 .............................. ......... .... ...... ......................... ............. 99 Euastacus suttoni Clark, 1941 ................... ....................... .......................................... .... 99 Euastacus valentulus Riek, 1951 .................................................................................... 99 Euastacus yanga n.sp. .................... ................. .............................. ................................... 99 General remarks ................................................. ........................................................ .......... 106 Habitats of New South Wales Euastacus ......................................................................... 106 Speciation in Euastacus ...................................................................................................... 106 Phyletic considerations .......................... ................ .............................................................. 107 Acknowledgments .......................... ......................................... ...... ........................................ 109 References .............................................................................................................................. 109 Introduction Materials and methods The species of the endemic Australian genus of freshwater Field crayfish Euastacus Clark, 1936 have been the subject of several revisionary studies (Morgan, 1986, 1988, The known range of Euastacus in eastern Australia, 1989), often in association with other genera of the from Cooktown in north Queensland to the South Parastacidae (Clark, 1936, 1941; Riek, 1951, 1956, Australian-Victorian border, was sampled in 1981-2 to 1969, 1972; Patak & Baldwin, 1984). Some additional augment the patchy existing collections in Australian papers described single species of Euastacus (Watson museums and other institutions (Morgan, 1986). 1935, 1936; Monroe, 1977). Francois (1962) and Kane Natural or semi-natural bushland was sampled (1964) reviewed the genus in unpublished theses. This preferentially, especially in state forests and national work is the final and largest part of the revision, and parks. Crayfish were collected by baited traps, drop nets reviews the species found in New South Wales. Five of and hand held baited strings. Many specimens were these species have already been discussed in the Victorian obtained by turning rocks in streams and scooping up (Morgan, 1986) or Queensland (Morgan, 1988) studies escaping crayfish by hand-net. Digging of specimens and receive only brief mention here. from burrows was attempted only where the substrate The major collections and taxonomic investigations was suitable and burrows shallow. Observations of were done some years ago. Because of within-species vegetation and hydrology were made at each site and morphological diversity it is still difficult to distinguish brief mention of the habitat of each species is given. some species. Electrophoretic and DNA analyses have Colours of live specimens were recorded before the resolution to potentially elucidate intra- and immersion in a solution of 10% formalin and 5% interspecific relationships in ways not possible with glycerol for fixation. Specimens were transferred older techniques. Allozyme surveys have been completed subsequently to a 70% ethanol : 5% glycerol solution. on Cherax (Austin, 1995a,b) and Engaeus (Horwitz et al., 1990); preliminary DNA comparisons between Laboratory Euastacus and other parastacid genera have also been undertaken (Crandall et al., 1995). One hundred and twenty external characters and The methods and abbreviations employed are fifteen measurements were recorded for all specimens. documented by Morgan (1986, 1988). The main parts Four gastric mill attributes were recorded for selected of those methods sections are repeated here. specimens. Specimens were examined under dissecting The systematics of the Parastacidae have been microscope and measured with vernier callipers. subject to some controversy in recent years due to Characters were derived in part from those used by errors and omissions in formal descriptions and keys. Clark (1936, 1941), Riek (1951, 1956, 1969) and The genera of parastacids were keyed by Riek (1969). Francois (1962), though many previously used Prior to Morgan (1986), the systematics of Euastacus characters were of little taxonomic value and discarded. was summarised only by Riek (1969) and in part by Characters are illustrated in Figures 1-2 and selected Monroc (1977). charactcr states in Figures 3 5. Morgan: New South Wales Euastacus 3 5 --3 2 27 4 26 1 28 6 7 29 ". ", 8 '. 11 12 b 31 33-------- 36 6 rr--\----7 8 o o 0 0 ,. c. ~!,--_+-+---11 Z:;=:=;t=;=j==12 I>!L---f-- 14 -r-c>t¥---9 10 c 23 22 25 Fig. 1. Morphological characters: a, dorsal view cephalothorax and abdomen; b, ventral view cephalothorax; c, lateral view cephalothorax. I, rostral carina; 2, rostral marginal spines; 3, rostral acumen spine; 4, antennal squame (scale); 5, 3rd antennal segment; 6, suborbital spine; 7, 1st postorbital ridge spine; 8, 2nd postorbital ridge spine; 9, dorsal thoracic spines; 10, general tubercles; 11, cervical groove; 12, cervical spines; 13, branchiocardiac groove; 14, postcervical groove; 15, Li spines; 16, Lii spines; 17, D-L spines; 18, D spines; 19, abdominal boss; 20, telsonic surface spines; 21, telsonic marginal spines; 22, surface spines of uropod inner ramus; 23, marginal spines of uropod inner ramus; 24, marginal spines of uropod
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