John T. Riley

John T. Riley

Dr. John T. Riley, professor emeritus Riley is a member of the American of Western Kentucky University, has Chemical Society, where he served Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: 2nd Edition served as secretary, vice chair, and as an elected councilor for the Fuel chair of ASTM International Commit- Chemistry Division for 15 years. He tee D05 on Coal and Coke. He has also chaired the International Organi- ROUTINE COAL also been chair of Subcommittee zation for Standardization (ISO) Sub- D05.29 and several D05 task groups committee 5 on Methods of Analysis in addition to serving as secretary of of Solid Mineral Fuels, a part of ISO others. He has served as chair of task Technical Committee 27, for 8 years. and COKE ANALYSIS: groups leading to the development of six standard test methods advancing Dr. Riley earned a B.S. in chemistry instrumental coal analysis, and has and mathematics from Western Ken- Collection, Interpretation, written papers promoting the use of tucky University and a Ph.D. in inor- ASTM standards both domestically ganic and analytical chemistry from and Use of Analytical Data and internationally. the University of Kentucky. He has won several professional awards in- 2nd Edition At Western Kentucky University, Riley cluding ASTM International’s R.A. was a professor and also Director of Glenn Award (Committee D05) and the Materials Characterization Center. Award of Merit. In addition to his teaching, Riley con- ducted research in coal characteriza- tion and analysis, the development of analytical and instrumental analysis methods, and the analysis of major, minor and trace elements in materials. He was the project director for many externally funded studies and wrote or co-wrote 180 papers published in John T. Riley professional journals and proceed- ings as well as five books.

www.astm.org ISBN: 978-0-8031-7062-9 Stock #: MNL57-2ND ASTM International John T. Riley Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data—2nd Edition

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BK-AST-MNL57-140262-FM.indd 1 8/21/2014 4:37:41 PM Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Riley, John T. (John Thomas), 1942- Routine coal and coke analysis : collection, interpretation, and use of analytical data / John T. Riley. – MNL57: 2nd edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8031-7062-9 1. Coal. 2. Coke. I. Title. TP325.R53 2014 662.6’22–dc23 2014022846

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BK-AST-MNL57-140262-FM.indd 2 8/21/2014 4:37:41 PM Foreword

THIS PUBLICATION, Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data was sponsored by Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and it is the second edition of Manual 57 of ASTM International’s manual series.

BK-AST-MNL57-140262-FM.indd 3 8/21/2014 4:37:41 PM Contents

Foreword iii

Introduction 1

1. Classification of Coals by Rank 3

2. Microcomponents in Coal 11

3. Sampling and Sample Preparation 17

4. Coal and Coke Testing 23

5. Proximate Analysis 29

6. Ultimate Analysis 49

7. Calculating Coal Analyses from As-Determined Values to Different Bases 67

8. Miscellaneous Analysis 73

9. Developments in Instrumentation for Routine Coal and Coke Analysis 123

References 131

Index 139

BK-AST-MNL57-140262-FM.indd 5 8/21/2014 4:37:41 PM Introduction

Coal is a very heterogeneous material containing various combinations of organic matter and mineral matter. The principal elements in the organic matter are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. The mineral matter may contain detectable quantities of as many as 60 elements, which together make up the various minerals found in coal. These minerals include clay minerals, pyrite, marcasite, calcite, silica, and smaller amounts of other minerals. However, the analysis of coal is generally deter- mined from representative samples of the material and not from the individual compo- nents. Typical analysis ranges of important analytical parameters (as-received basis) for the principal ranks of coal are given in the table that follows [1]. (In this table and throughout this text all percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted.) The values for oxygen and hydrogen in this table include the hydrogen and oxygen val- ues for sample moisture. Another common practice is not to report the hydrogen and oxygen in the sample moisture as part of the hydrogen and oxygen values­ for the coal.

Typical Composition and Physical Property Ranges for Various Ranks of Coal

Anthracite Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite

Moisture (%) 3–6 2–15 10–25 25–45 Volatile matter (%) 2–12 15–45 28–45 24–32 Fixed carbon (%) 75–85 50–70 30–57 25–30 Ash (%) 4–15 4–15 3–10 3–15 Sulfur (%) 0.5–2.5 0.5–6 0.3–1.5 0.3–2.5 Hydrogen (%) 1.5–3.5 4.5–6 5.5–6.5 6–7.5 Carbon (%) 75–85 65–80 55–70 35–45 Nitrogen (%) 0.5–1 0.5–2.5 0.8–1.5 0.6–1.0 Oxygen (%) 5.5–9 4.5–10 15–30 38–48 Btu/lb 12,000–13,500 12,000–14,500 7500–10,000 6000–7500 Density (g/mL) 1.35–1.70 1.28–1.35 1.35–1.40 1.40–1.45

Source: Reprinted with permission from [1].

BK-AST-MNL57-140262-Introduction.indd 1 8/21/2014 4:58:03 PM John T. Riley

John T. Riley

Dr. John T. Riley, professor emeritus Riley is a member of the American of Western Kentucky University, has Chemical Society, where he served Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: 2nd Edition served as secretary, vice chair, and as an elected councilor for the Fuel chair of ASTM International Commit- Chemistry Division for 15 years. He tee D05 on Coal and Coke. He has also chaired the International Organi- ROUTINE COAL also been chair of Subcommittee zation for Standardization (ISO) Sub- D05.29 and several D05 task groups committee 5 on Methods of Analysis in addition to serving as secretary of of Solid Mineral Fuels, a part of ISO others. He has served as chair of task Technical Committee 27, for 8 years. and COKE ANALYSIS: groups leading to the development of six standard test methods advancing Dr. Riley earned a B.S. in chemistry instrumental coal analysis, and has and mathematics from Western Ken- Collection, Interpretation, written papers promoting the use of tucky University and a Ph.D. in inor- ASTM standards both domestically ganic and analytical chemistry from and Use of Analytical Data and internationally. the University of Kentucky. He has won several professional awards in- 2nd Edition At Western Kentucky University, Riley cluding ASTM International’s R.A. was a professor and also Director of Glenn Award (Committee D05) and the Materials Characterization Center. Award of Merit. In addition to his teaching, Riley con- ducted research in coal characteriza- tion and analysis, the development of analytical and instrumental analysis methods, and the analysis of major, minor and trace elements in materials. He was the project director for many externally funded studies and wrote or co-wrote 180 papers published in John T. Riley professional journals and proceed- ings as well as five books.

www.astm.org ISBN: 978-0-8031-7062-9 Stock #: MNL57-2ND ASTM International