Expert Systems and Coal Quality in Power Generation
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NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES in the COAL INDUSTRY IAEA, VIENNA, 1995 IAEA-TECDOC-845 ISSN 1011-4289 IAEA© , 1995 Printed by the IAEA in Austria November 1995 FOREWORD
IAEA-TECDOC-845 Nuclear techniques coalinthe industry Proceedings finala of Research Co-ordination Meeting held in Krakow, Poland, 9-12 May 1994 W INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY ULr^ïïfî IAEe Th A doe t normallsno y maintain stock f reportso thin si s series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from IN IS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 0 10 x P.OBo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100,- in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons orderee whicb y hdma separately fro INIe mth S Clearinghouse. The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Industrial Application Chemistrd san y Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 0 10 P.Ox Bo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN THE COAL INDUSTRY IAEA, VIENNA, 1995 IAEA-TECDOC-845 ISSN 1011-4289 IAEA© , 1995 Printed by the IAEA in Austria November 1995 FOREWORD e yearlasw fe Th t s have witnessed many important advance e developmenth n i s d an t application nucleaf so r technique coae th l n sindustryi . Nuclear borehole logging techniques basen do measurement of natural radioactivity, X and gamma ray absorption and scattering and neutron interactions are extensively employed for exploration programmes and in situ evaluation of coal. On-line analysis based on a variety of techniques is widely used to optimize coal processing operations increasee th ; d product yiel assuref do d qualit reductiod yan energn ni y usage have resulted in enormous economic benefits to the coal industry. -
Chemical and Physical Structural Studies on Two Inertinite-Rich Lump
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INERTINITE-RICH LUMP COALS. Nandi Malumbazo A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philoso- phy in the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg, 2011 DECLARATION I, Nandi Malumbazo, declare that the thesis entitled: “CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INER- TINITE-RICH LUMP COALS” is my own work and that all sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and ac- knowledged by means of references. Signature: ……………………………………………………………….. Date:………………………………………………………………………… Page i ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Two Highveld inertinite-rich lump coals were utilized as feed coal samples in order to study their physical, chemical structural and petrographic variations during heat treat- ment in a packed-bed reactor unit combustor. The two feed lump coals were selected as it is claimed that Coal B converts at a slower rate in a commercial coal conversion process when compared to Coal A. The reason for this requires detailed investigation. Chemical structural variations were determined by proximate and coal char CO2 reactiv- ity analysis. Physical structural variations were determined by FTIR, BET adsorption methods, XRD and 13C Solid state NMR analysis. Carbon particle type analysis was con- ducted to determine the petrographic constituents of the reactor generated samples, their maceral associations (microlithotype), and char morphology. This analysis was undertaken with the intention of tracking the carbon conversion and char formation and consumption behaviour of the two coal samples within the reactor. Proximate analysis revealed that Coal A released 10 % more of its volatile matter through the reactor compared to Coal B. -
East Midlands Derby
Archaeological Investigations Project 2007 Post-determination & Research Version 4.1 East Midlands Derby Derby UA (E.56.2242) SK39503370 AIP database ID: {5599D385-6067-4333-8E9E-46619CFE138A} Parish: Alvaston Ward Postal Code: DE24 0YZ GREEN LANE Archaeological Watching Brief on Geotechnical Trial Holes at Green Lane, Derbyshire McCoy, M Sheffield : ARCUS, 2007, 18pp, colour pls, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: ARCUS There were no known earthworks or findspots within the vicinity of the site, but traces of medieval ridge and furrow survived in the woodlands bordering the northern limits of the proposed development area. Despite this, no archaeological remains were encountered during the watching brief. [Au(adp)] OASIS ID :no (E.56.2243) SK34733633 AIP database ID: {B93D02C0-8E2B-491C-8C5F-C19BD4C17BC7} Parish: Arboretum Ward Postal Code: DE1 1FH STAFFORD STREET, DERBY Stafford Street, Derby. Report on a Watching Brief Undertaken in Advance of Construction Works Marshall, B Bakewell : Archaeological Research Services, 2007, 16pp, colour pls, figs, refs Work undertaken by: Archaeological Research Services No archaeological remains were encountered during the watching brief. [Au(adp)] OASIS ID :no (E.56.2244) SK35503850 AIP database ID: {5F636C88-F246-4474-ABF7-6CB476918678} Parish: Darley Ward Postal Code: DE22 1EB DARLEY ABBEY PUMP HOUSE, DERBY Darley Abbey Pump House, Derby. Results of an Archaeological Watching Brief Shakarian, J Bakewell : Archaeological Research Services, 2007, 14pp, colour pls, figs, refs, CD Work undertaken -
Coal Characteristics
CCTR Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research COAL CHARACTERISTICS CCTR Basic Facts File # 8 Brian H. Bowen, Marty W. Irwin The Energy Center at Discovery Park Purdue University CCTR, Potter Center, 500 Central Drive West Lafayette, IN 47907-2022 http://www.purdue.edu/dp/energy/CCTR/ Email: [email protected] October 2008 1 Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research CCTR COAL FORMATION As geological processes apply pressure to peat over time, it is transformed successively into different types of coal Source: Kentucky Geological Survey http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/images/peatcoal.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm&h=354&w=579&sz= 20&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=NavOy9_5HD07pM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcoal%2Bphotos%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX 2 Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research CCTR COAL ANALYSIS Elemental analysis of coal gives empirical formulas such as: C137H97O9NS for Bituminous Coal C240H90O4NS for high-grade Anthracite Coal is divided into 4 ranks: (1) Anthracite (2) Bituminous (3) Sub-bituminous (4) Lignite Source: http://cc.msnscache.com/cache.aspx?q=4929705428518&lang=en-US&mkt=en-US&FORM=CVRE8 3 Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research CCTR BITUMINOUS COAL Bituminous Coal: Great pressure results in the creation of bituminous, or “soft” coal. This is the type most commonly used for electric power generation in the U.S. It has a higher heating value than either lignite or sub-bituminous, but less than that of anthracite. Bituminous coal -
Spontaneous Combustion of South American Coal
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2016 Spontaneous Combustion of South American Coal Brunno C. C. Vieira Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Vieira, Brunno C. C., "Spontaneous Combustion of South American Coal" (2016). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6875. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6875 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Spontaneous Combustion of South American Coal Brunno C. C. Vieira Thesis submitted to the Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mining Engineering Yi Luo, Ph.D., Chair Felicia Peng, Ph.D. Brijes Mishra, Ph.D. Department of Mining Engineering Morgantown, West Virginia 2016 Keywords: Spontaneous Combustion, Coal, South American, Safety, Mine fires, Self- heating temperature Copyright 2016 Brunno C. C. Vieira Abstract Many causes can lead to mine fires and explosions in coal mines but one of the most relevant cause is the spontaneous combustion of coal. -
Prime Minister Theresa May Pledges That New
Tom Crisp Editor 01603 604421 [email protected] ENERGY PERSPECTIVE 02 Monday 21/05 – Prime Minister Theresa May pledges that new Looking beyond the cliff edge: technologies and modern construction practices will be harnessed to emerging power market trends – Tim Dixon at least halve the energy usage of new buildings by 2030. The two task forces established by Ofgem under the Charging Futures Forum POLICY 05 to consider network access arrangements and the forward-looking elements of network costs issue their final report. The Competition Defra unveils Clean Air Strategy and Markets Authority releases the text detailing the findings of its MPs blame clean energy investment low on policy Phase 1 investigation into the proposed SSE/npower merger, warning changes it could raise prices. CMA cites risk of price rises as key concern in SSE/npower Tuesday 22/05 – The government consults on its draft Clean Air merger Strategy, confirming it plans to maintain the existing EU model of Energy UK puts forward EMR integrated industrial pollution control post-Brexit. Ofgem opens an reform recommendations Parliamentary update: Week 21 investigation into National Grid Electricity Transmission’s demand 2018 forecasting. Cuadrilla seeks consent to hydraulically fracture the UK’s first ever horizontal shale gas well at its Preston New Road site. REGULATION 12 Wednesday 23/05 – Energy UK shares its views on potential Task forces deliver report on improvements to the Energy Market Reform framework, including future network charging and access introducing a revenue stabilisation Contract for Difference. Energy Minister Claire Perry commits £21.5mn of UK funding towards a global Smart Meters Bill passes final parliamentary stages carbon capture and storage challenge. -
The Workers Strike Back…
wWww.workers.org.uOk RKENORVEMBER 2S011 £1 HISTORIC NOTES 1926: THE GENERAL STRIKE 14 CONSTRUCTION: THE WORKERS STRIKE BACK… Y T R Pensions Union recruitment surge 03 A P T S I N U M Aerospace Britain’s leading edge at risk 06 M O C E H T F Biofuels How the EU created a disaster O 12 L A N R U IF YOU WANT TO REBUILD BRITAIN, READ ON O J WORKERS Who needs a civil service? THE REAL significance of Liam Fox’s links with that they didn’t put a stop to it – not even when Adam Werritty is not that he broke the it turned into unvetted and unofficial advisers Ministerial Code, nor that the Conservatives sitting in on intergovernmental meetings. (like Labour before them) have lobbyists After the election in May 2010, the general crawling all over them. It’s that British foreign secretary of the First Division Association, policy was and is being driven by the interests which represents top civil servants, talked of outsiders: American billionaires, Israeli arms about the loss of trust by citizens in politicians dealers and US hedge funds. They called it the and Britain’s system of government: “At the Atlantic Bridge – but the only traffic it carried very least, new ministers and MPs must begin was neoconservative Tea Party extremism. to display the personal and moral integrity that That’s hardly news, some might say, and was so obviously lacking in the previous they’d be right. But that it was all done so Parliament, even within the Cabinet.” Some ‘‘ blatantly speaks volumes about the way the hope! Theirs is the morality of decline and top ranks of the civil service have been so deference to the US. -
International Passenger Survey, 2008
UK Data Archive Study Number 5993 - International Passenger Survey, 2008 Airline code Airline name Code 2L 2L Helvetic Airways 26099 2M 2M Moldavian Airlines (Dump 31999 2R 2R Star Airlines (Dump) 07099 2T 2T Canada 3000 Airln (Dump) 80099 3D 3D Denim Air (Dump) 11099 3M 3M Gulf Stream Interntnal (Dump) 81099 3W 3W Euro Manx 01699 4L 4L Air Astana 31599 4P 4P Polonia 30699 4R 4R Hamburg International 08099 4U 4U German Wings 08011 5A 5A Air Atlanta 01099 5D 5D Vbird 11099 5E 5E Base Airlines (Dump) 11099 5G 5G Skyservice Airlines 80099 5P 5P SkyEurope Airlines Hungary 30599 5Q 5Q EuroCeltic Airways 01099 5R 5R Karthago Airlines 35499 5W 5W Astraeus 01062 6B 6B Britannia Airways 20099 6H 6H Israir (Airlines and Tourism ltd) 57099 6N 6N Trans Travel Airlines (Dump) 11099 6Q 6Q Slovak Airlines 30499 6U 6U Air Ukraine 32201 7B 7B Kras Air (Dump) 30999 7G 7G MK Airlines (Dump) 01099 7L 7L Sun d'Or International 57099 7W 7W Air Sask 80099 7Y 7Y EAE European Air Express 08099 8A 8A Atlas Blue 35299 8F 8F Fischer Air 30399 8L 8L Newair (Dump) 12099 8Q 8Q Onur Air (Dump) 16099 8U 8U Afriqiyah Airways 35199 9C 9C Gill Aviation (Dump) 01099 9G 9G Galaxy Airways (Dump) 22099 9L 9L Colgan Air (Dump) 81099 9P 9P Pelangi Air (Dump) 60599 9R 9R Phuket Airlines 66499 9S 9S Blue Panorama Airlines 10099 9U 9U Air Moldova (Dump) 31999 9W 9W Jet Airways (Dump) 61099 9Y 9Y Air Kazakstan (Dump) 31599 A3 A3 Aegean Airlines 22099 A7 A7 Air Plus Comet 25099 AA AA American Airlines 81028 AAA1 AAA Ansett Air Australia (Dump) 50099 AAA2 AAA Ansett New Zealand (Dump) -
Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: a Case
applied sciences Article Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: A Case Study of Coal in the Madzaringwe Formation in the Vele Colliery, Limpopo Province, South Africa Elelwani Denge * and Christopher Baiyegunhi Department of Geology and Mining, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Featured Application: Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the work. This section is not mandatory. Abstract: The Madzaringwe Formation in the Vele colliery is one of the coal-bearing Late Palaeozoic units of the Karoo Supergroup, consisting of shale with thin coal seams and sandstones. Maceral group analysis was conducted on seven representative coal samples collected from three existing boreholes—OV125149, OV125156, and OV125160—in the Vele colliery to determine the coal rank and other intrinsic characteristics of the coal. The petrographic characterization revealed that vitrinite is the dominant maceral group in the coals, representing up to 81–92 vol.% (mmf) of the total sample. Collotellinite is the dominant vitrinite maceral, with a total count varying between 52.4 vol.% (mmf) and 74.9 vol.% (mmf), followed by corpogelinite, collodetrinite, tellinite, and pseudovitrinite with a Citation: Denge, E.; Baiyegunhi, C. count ranging between 0.8 and 19.4 vol.% (mmf), 1.5 and 17.5 vol.% (mmf), 0.8 and 6.5 vol.% (mmf) Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: A Case Study of and 0.3 and 5.9 vol.% (mmf), respectively. The dominance of collotellinite gives a clear indication Coal in the Madzaringwe Formation that the coals are derived from the parenchymatous and woody tissues of roots, stems, and leaves. -
Handbook of Coal Analysis
HANDBOOK OF COAL ANALYSIS James G. Speight A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION HANDBOOK OF COAL ANALYSIS HANDBOOK OF COAL ANALYSIS James G. Speight A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Copyright 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. -
Notice of Variation and Consolidation with Introductory Note the Environmental Permitting (England & Wales) Regulations 2016
Notice of variation and consolidation with introductory note The Environmental Permitting (England & Wales) Regulations 2016 Uniper UK Limited Cottam Development Centre Power Station Outgang Lane Cottam Retford DN22 0TF Variation application number EPR/NP3033RD/V005 Permit number EPR/NP3033RD Variation and consolidation 15/01/2020 Application number EPR/NP3033RD/V005 1 Cottam Development Centre Power Station Permit number EPR/NP3033RD Introductory note This introductory note does not form a part of the notice. Under the Environmental Permitting (England & Wales) Regulations 2016 (schedule 5, part 1, paragraph 19) a variation may comprise a consolidated permit reflecting the variations and a notice specifying the variations included in that consolidated permit. Schedule 2 of the notice comprises a consolidated permit which reflects the variations being made. All the conditions of the permit have been varied and are subject to the right of appeal. Article 21(3) of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) requires the Environment Agency to review conditions in permits that it has issued and to ensure that the permit delivers compliance with relevant standards, within four years of the publication of updated decisions on Best Available Techniques (BAT) Conclusions. We have reviewed the permit for this installation against the revised BAT Conclusions for the large combustion plant sector published on 17th August 2017. Only activities covered by this BAT Reference Document have been reviewed and assessed. Outline any key changes made as a result of the permit review. This variation makes the below changes following the review under Article 21(3) of the IED and the consolidation of the Environmental Permitting Regulations that came into force on the 4 January 2017: Revised emission limits and monitoring requirements for emissions to air applicable from 17 August 2021 in table S3.1a; and Inclusion of process monitoring for energy efficiency in table S3.4. -
Emission Factor Documentation for Ap-42 Section 1.1 Bituminous and Subbituminous Coal Combustion
EMISSION FACTOR DOCUMENTATION FOR AP-42 SECTION 1.1 BITUMINOUS AND SUBBITUMINOUS COAL COMBUSTION By: Acurex Environmental Corporation Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Edward Aul & Associates, Inc. Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514 E. H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. Rancho Cordova, California 95742 Contract No. 68-DO-00120 Work Assignment No. II-68 EPA Project Officer: Alice C. Gagnon Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Office Of Air And Radiation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 April 1993 DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................ vi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 1-1 CHAPTER 2. SOURCE DESCRIPTION.......................................................... 2-1 2.1 CHARACTERIZATION OF BITUMINOUS AND SUBBITUMINOUS APPLICATIONS....................................2-1 2.2 PROCESS DESCRIPTIONS..................... .........................2-2 2.2.1 Suspension Firing............................ .........................2-3 2.2.2 Stoker Firing..............................................................2-4