DOCSLIB.ORG

International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2008

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2008 International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2008 Slide Sessions and Poster Abstracts Emerging Infectious Diseases is providing access to these abstracts on behalf of the ICEID 2008 program committee, which performed peer review. Emerging Infectious Diseases has not edited or proofread these materials and is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions. All information is subject to change.Comments and corrections should be brought to the attention of the authors. Slide Sessions Monday, March 17 Foodborne & Waterborne Diseases I Outbreaks Associated with Frozen, Stuffed, Pre-browned, Microwaveable Chicken Entrees in Minnesota: Implications for Labeling and Regulation C. Medus1, S. Meyer1, D. Boxrud1, K. Elfering2, C. Braymen2, R. Danila1, K. Smith1; 1Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, 2Minnesota Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, MN. Background: In 1998, a Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak (33 cases) associated with eating Brand A chicken Kiev, a frozen, stuffed, pre-browned, microwaveable chicken product occurred in Minnesota (MN). Microwave cooking and consumer perception that the product was pre-cooked were contributing factors. One production date of product that tested positive was recalled. Brand A stuffed chicken product labels were changed to include longer cooking times. During 2005-2006, 3 more Salmonella outbreaks associated with the same type of product were identified in MN. Methods: Outbreaks were identified by routine interviews of all reported Salmonella cases coupled with real-time Page 1 of 262 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtyping of all Salmonella isolates. Intact products from case households and retail stores were cultured for Salmonella, and isolates subtyped by PFGE. Results: Four S. Heidelberg cases associated with eating Brand B chicken broccoli and cheese were identified during January-March 2005. Brand B product labels were modified and cooking instructions verified. An S. Enteritidis outbreak resulting in 27 cases in MN and 14 cases in 9 other states occurred during August 2005-July 2006. Cases ate multiple brands of product from 3 manufacturers. One production date of Brand A product was recalled in March 2006. During April-June 2006, different varieties of Brand B product were implicated in a S. Typhimurium outbreak (3 cases). Several product samples tested positive for the outbreak serotype and subtype in all 3 outbreaks. Press releases were issued in all the outbreaks. Most cases in all outbreaks cooked the products in the microwave; none took the internal temperature of the product. Following these outbreaks, the National Advisory Committee for the Microbiological Criteria for Foods issued guidelines for labeling these products: 1) microwaving raw poultry from frozen is not advisable unless instructions ensure the 165ºF endpoint; and, 2) the label’s principal display panel should warn that the product is raw. Conclusions: The cooked appearance of these products, inadequate labeling, and microwave cooking led consumers to undercook the products. Press releases were ineffective. Microwave cooking for these raw products is still allowed; whether the new label requirements will prevent outbreaks is unknown. A Point-Source Outbreak of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) Associated With Consumption of City Water, ShuangYang District, Changchun, Jinlin, China, 2007 R. Feng1, Z. Lei1, L. qun2, M. Huilai1, R. Fontaine3; 1Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program(CFETP), BeiJing, CHINA, 2Emergency Response Office, Chinese CDC Beijing, China, BeiJing, CHINA, 3Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program(CFETP);United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, BeiJing, CHINA. Background: The acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) type of Gullain Barre Syndrome (GBS) affects hundreds of persons throughout the Far East each year. Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) infection may be a precipitating cause. In July 2007 we investigated a GBS outbreak in ShuangYang District (100,000 population) to identify risk factors of this outbreak and recommend appropriate control measures. Methods: We defined a GBS case as subacute onset from June 1 to July 31 2007 of bilateral flaccid weakness (on neurological examination) or paralysis in a resident of or person working in Shuangyang. We searched for GBS cases in all Changchun hospitals. We selected control persons through a random selection from all households within 100 m of GBS-households. We compared previous diarrhea and exposure to city water of all 36 cases to 165 controls. We also detected CJ infection by culture and serologic testing. Results: We identified 36 GBS (attack rate = 36/100,000) among residents of (33) or visitors to (3) Shuangyang. GBS -patients were widely dispersed throughout Shuangyang. Onset of all GBS occurred from June 21 to July 6 (16 days). On June 11 (from 10 to 35 days earlier) the pumps for the city water system failed and water pressure was restored on June 12 without first flushing the mains. Of GBS-patients 94% reported drinking un-boiled tap water from the city water system compared to 55% of control-persons OR =12 (95%CI=2.7-52). Of GBS-patients 61% reported having diarrhea since June 1 compared to 32% of control persons (OR = 3.4; 95% CI=1.4-8.4). After adjusting for drinking un-boiled water the OR for diarrhea was 2.7 (95%CI=1.2-6.5). CJ with the same PFGE and MLST type was isolated from 1 GBS-patient and 3 of 51 family contacts or neighbors. We found anti-CJ IgG in 61% of GBS-patients and anti-CJ IgM in 27% of GBS-patients. In comparison, 29% of family Page 2 of 262 contacts and neighbors had anti-CJ IgG and 12% had anti CJ IgM. Conclusions: Drinking city water during a failure of the pumping system probably led to this point-source GBS outbreak. The weak association with diarrhea and the low isolation rate of CJ contrast with the high anti-CJ IgG prevalence to suggest that exposure only or asymptomatic infection with CJ initiated the development of GBS. We recommended regular surveillance of the city water supply for standard indicators of drinking water safety. Oyster-associated Vibrio Infections in the United States, 1998–2006 M. Iwamoto, P. Yu, D. Swerdlow, J. Painter; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Background: Several Vibrio species are pathogenic and associated with clinical syndromes including gastroenteritis, wound infection, and septicemia. Foodborne infection usually occurs after eating raw or undercooked seafood, particularly oysters. CDC collects reports of Vibrio infections submitted by health departments. Regulatory efforts to address the threat of seafood-associated vibriosis have focused on prevention and surveillance for V. vulnificus (Vv) and V. parahaemolyticus (Vp) illnesses. Methods: We examined data on non-cholera vibriosis identified during 1998-2006. A case was defined as isolation of Vibrio spp. other than toxigenic V. cholerae from a clinical specimen. Transmission was classified as foodborne based on clinical information, specimen source, and patient exposures. Cases were considered oyster-associated if the case was foodborne and the patient consumed oysters within the 7 days before illness onset. To examine annual trends, we performed Wilcoxon-rank sums tests on year-to- year changes in incidence. Results: Of 4,364 non-cholera Vibrio infections reported from 49 states and territories, 3,090 (71%) were foodborne. Of patients with reported food histories, 1,519 (67%) reported eating oysters in the week before illness; among oyster-eaters, 83% reported eating them raw. Most oyster-associated infections (65%) were caused by Vp; other frequently reported species were Vv (18%), and V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 (6%). Among oyster-eating patients, 484 (32%) were hospitalized and 139 (9%) died. No significant trends in the incidence of Vp or Vv oyster-associated cases were noted. The annual incidence of Vp varied greatly, with the largest number of cases reported during years coinciding with large outbreaks, most notably 1998 and 2006. Conclusions: Oysters continue to be an important source of foodborne vibriosis and deaths. To date, prevention efforts have been ineffective at reducing oyster-associated vibriosis. Industry and regulatory agencies have recently instituted control measures aimed at reducing the prevalence of vibrios in shellfish. Continued coordinated surveillance is necessary to monitor whether these efforts lead to a reduction in illness. Large Outbreak of Beribéri Possibly Related to Consumption of Mycotoxin-contaminated Rice, Maranhão, Brasil, 2007 H. A. Lima1, E. A. Santana-Porto1, A. F. Santelli1, G. Carmo1, R. S. Alves2, L. R. Queiroga3, S. M. França4, A. A. Siqueira1, J. Sobel5, R. P. Marins6; 1Field Epidemiology Training Program, SVS, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, BRAZIL, 2COVEH/SVS, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, BRAZIL, 3Department of Heath, Imperatriz -Maranhao, BRAZIL, 4Department of Epidemiologic Surveillance, Imperatriz - Maranhao, BRAZIL, 5Office of Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA, 6Division of Transmissible Diseases, SVS, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, BRAZIL. Background: The accepted cause of beriberi is thiamine deficiency. Alcohol consumption, physical activity and high carbohydrate diets are known aggravating factors. Early 20th Century epidemics in Japan were attributed to rice contaminated by citreoviridin (CTV) mycotoxin, which produces a beriberi- Page 3 of 262 like illness in animal models, possibly by disruption of thiamine metabolism. In 2006-7, 471 cases of suspected beriberi were reported from Maranhao State,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Phylogeny of Mobatviruses (Hantaviridae) in Myanmar and Vietnam
    viruses Article Molecular Phylogeny of Mobatviruses (Hantaviridae) in Myanmar and Vietnam Satoru Arai 1, Fuka Kikuchi 1,2, Saw Bawm 3 , Nguyễn Trường Sơn 4,5, Kyaw San Lin 6, Vương Tân Tú 4,5, Keita Aoki 1,7, Kimiyuki Tsuchiya 8, Keiko Tanaka-Taya 1, Shigeru Morikawa 9, Kazunori Oishi 1 and Richard Yanagihara 10,* 1 Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (F.K.); [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (K.T.-T.); [email protected] (K.O.) 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan 3 Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar; [email protected] 4 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; [email protected] (N.T.S.); [email protected] (V.T.T.) 5 Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam 6 Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Disease, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar; [email protected] 7 Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan 8 Laboratory of Bioresources, Applied Biology Co., Ltd., Tokyo 107-0062, Japan; [email protected] 9 Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; [email protected] 10 Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A.
    [Show full text]
  • COMENIUS UNIVERSITY in BRATISLAVA Faculty of Natural Sciences
    COMENIUS UNIVERSITY IN BRATISLAVA Faculty of Natural Sciences UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI Department of Biomedical Sciences MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HANTAVIRUSES IN CENTRAL EUROPE AND ANTIVIRAL SCREENING AGAINST ZOONOTIC VIRUSES CAUSING HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS DISSERTATION 2017 RNDr. PaedDr. Róbert SZABÓ COMENIUS UNIVERSITY IN BRATISLAVA Faculty of Natural Sciences UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI Department of Biomedical Sciences MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HANTAVIRUSES IN CENTRAL EUROPE AND ANTIVIRAL SCREENING AGAINST ZOONOTIC VIRUSES CAUSING HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS Dissertation Study program: Virology Molecular and Translational Medicine Field of Study: Virology Place of the study: Biomedical Research Center, SAS in Bratislava, Slovakia Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy Supervisors: RNDr. Boris Klempa, DrSc. Prof. Alessandra Pani Bratislava, 2017 RNDr. PaedDr. Róbert SZABÓ 25276874 Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave Prírodovedecká fakulta ZADANIE ZÁVEREČNEJ PRÁCE Meno a priezvisko študenta: RNDr. PaedDr. Róbert Szabó Študijný program: virológia (Jednoodborové štúdium, doktorandské III. st., denná forma) Študijný odbor: virológia Typ záverečnej práce: dizertačná Jazyk záverečnej práce: anglický Sekundárny jazyk: slovenský Názov: Molecular epidemiology of hantaviruses in Central Europe and antiviral screening against zoonotic viruses causing hemorrhagic fevers Molekulárna epidemiológia hantavírusov v strednej Európe a antivírusový skríning proti zoonotickým vírusom spôsobujúcim hemoragické horúčky Cieľ: Main objectives
    [Show full text]
  • Immunogenicity and Serological Applications of Flavivirus Ed Iii Proteins and Multiplex Rt-Pcr for Detecting Novel Southern African Viruses
    IMMUNOGENICITY AND SEROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF FLAVIVIRUS ED III PROTEINS AND MULTIPLEX RT-PCR FOR DETECTING NOVEL SOUTHERN AFRICAN VIRUSES Lehlohonolo Mathengtheng Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Ph.D Virology in the Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein Promotor: Prof Felicity Burt, Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein January 2015 Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Declaration ............................................................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................. ii Financial Support ................................................................................................................................................ iii Lehlohonolo Mathengtheng, An Obituary ........................................................................................................... v Publications and presentations........................................................................................................................... vii List of figures .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Zoonotické Viry U Volně Žijících Endotermních Obratlovců
    MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA Ústav experimentální biologie Oddělení mikrobiologie a molekulární biotechnologie Zoonotické viry u volně žijících endotermních obratlovců Dizertační práce Brno 2017 Petra Straková MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA Ústav experimentální biologie Oddělení mikrobiologie a molekulární biotechnologie Zoonotické viry u volně žijících endotermních obratlovců Dizertační práce Petra Straková Školitel: prof. RNDr. Zdeněk Hubálek, DrSc. Brno 2017 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Mgr. Petra Straková Ústav biologie obratlovců AV ČR v.v.i., Brno - detašované pracoviště Valtice a Ústav experimentální biologie, PřF MU, Brno Název práce: Zoonotické viry u volně žijících endotermních obratlovců Studijní program: Biologie Studijní obor: Mikrobiologie Školitel: prof. RNDr. Zdeněk Hubálek, DrSc. Ústav biologie obratlovců AV ČR v.v.i., Brno - detašované pracoviště Valtice a Ústav experimentální biologie, PřF MU, Brno Valtice Akademický rok: 2016/2017 Počet stran: 155 + publikace Klíčová slova: emergentní zoonózy, hantaviry, flaviviry, virus západonilské horečky, virus Usutu, virus hepatitidy E, Česká republika, Evropa Bibliographic entry Author: Mgr. Petra Straková Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno – laboratory Valtice, and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno Title of Dissertation: Zoonotic viruses associated with free-living endotherm vertebrates Degree Programme: Biology Field of Study: Microbiology Supervisor: prof. RNDr.
    [Show full text]
  • Aus Dem Institut Für Medizinische Virologie Der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
    Aus dem Institut für medizinische Virologie der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin DISSERTATION Genetic reassortment between members of different Dobrava-Belgrade virus lineages and allocation of innate immune response modulation to particular genome segments zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum medicarum (Dr. rer. medic.) vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin von Sina Kirsanovs aus Bremen Gutachter/in: 1. Prof. Dr. med. D. H. Krüger 2. Prof. Dr. med. H.-W. Presber 3. Priv.-Doz. Dr. R. Ulrich Datum der Promotion: 03.09.2010 Abstract Hantaviruses possess a tri-segmented negative-stranded RNA genome with the potency of genetic reassortment. Reassortment processes between genome segments might cause dramatic changes in the virulence of viruses as has been shown for influenza viruses. The European Dobrava-Belgrade virus species (DOBV) forms distinct lineages associated with different Apodemus mice species and can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome of different clinical severities. In this study, virological and molecular tools to monitor RNA reassortment in cell culture between two genetic lineages of DOBV were established. Representatives of the DOBV-Af (associated with A. flavicollis) and DOBV-Aa (associated with A. agrarius) lineages were used for dual infection of Vero E6 cells. Two hundred and seven individual virus clones were isolated and screened for reassortment by a newly established strain- and segment-specific multiplex PCR (MP-PCR). After co-infection, as much as 31% of virus progeny population was represented by genetically stable reassortants. Reassortment was proven by sequence analyses of the complete S and M segments as well as L-ORF. Two stable reassortment patterns where identified.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf/Res-Rech/Mfhpb16-Eng.Pdf 8
    Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 1–200 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Managing Senior Editor EDITORIAL BOARD Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Senior Associate Editor Timothy Barrett, Atlanta, GA, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, UK Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Associate Editors Sharon Bloom, Atlanta, GA, USA Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Christopher Braden, Atlanta, GA, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Mary Brandt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Ermias Belay, Atlanta, GA, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Corrie Brown, Athens, Georgia, USA Louisa Chapman, Atlanta, GA, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Paul V. Effl er, Perth, Australia Ed Eitzen, Washington, DC, USA David Freedman, Birmingham, AL, USA Daniel Feikin, Baltimore, MD, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, GA, USA Anthony Fiore, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stephen Hadler, Atlanta, GA, USA Kathleen Gensheimer, Cambridge, MA, USA Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Duane J. Gubler, Singapore Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA David L. Heymann, London, UK Patrice Nordmann, Paris, France Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA S.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Glycoprotein Interactions in the Assembly of Hantaviruses
    Research Programs Unit, Infection Biology Research Program Department of Virology Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Glycoprotein Interactions in the Assembly of Hantaviruses Jussi Hepojoki ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be publicly represented and discussed, with the permission of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, in the Small Lecture Hall, Haartman Institute, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki, on the 9th of December 2011, at 12 o’clock. Helsinki 2011 Supervisors: Docent Hilkka Lankinen Peptide and Protein Laboratory Department of Virology Haartman Institute University of Helsinki and Professor Emeritus Antti Vaheri Department of Virology Haartman Institute University of Helsinki Reviewers: Docent Tero Ahola Institute of Biotechnology University of Helsinki and Docent Varpu Marjomäki Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Opponent: Professor Richard M Elliott School of Biology University of St Andrews Scotland, UK ISBN 978-952-10-7333-5 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-10-7334-2 (PDF, available at http://ethesis.helsinki.fi) Layout by John Smackriver Printed at Helsinki by Unigrafia Oy, Helsinki University Print Helsinki 2011 “In the field of observation chance favors only the prepared mind.” -Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) CONTENTS LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS ................................................. 6 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts 751-1000
    211 this analysis. Blood PYR concentrations were natural log-transformed. 710 Two- and three-compartment models were fitted to the data using NONMEM. The influence of covariates (age, sex, weight, height, body ACTIVITY OF 8-AMINOQUINOLINE (8AQ) ANTIMALARIAL mass index, lean body weight (LBW), red blood cell indices, parasite DRUG CANDIDATES AGAINST BLOOD STAGE PLASMODIUM count, liver function tests and geographic regions) on PK parameters FALCIPARUM was tested. Bootstrap analysis and visual predictive check (VPC) were 1 1 1 done to evaluate the model. A two-compartment model with first order Yarrow Rothstein , Jacob Johnson , Aruna Sampath , William 1 2 2 2 absorption and elimination best described the data. Inter-subject variability Ellis , Dhammika Nanayakkara , Ikhlas Khan , Larry Walker , Alan 1 1 (ISV) of absorption rate constant (Ka), oral clearance (CL/F), and apparent Magill , Colin K. Ohrt central compartment volume (V2/F) were described using an exponential 1Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States, error model. The ISV of peripheral compartment volume (V3/F) and 2National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, intercompartmental clearance (Q/F) could not be estimated. A log error University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States model best described residual variability. Only LBW was found to be a 8-aminoquinolines (8AQ) may prove critical for malaria elimination significant predictor of V2/F. Typical model parameter estimates (%ISV) efforts since they target hypnozoites and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) were Ka 29.3 1/d (109%), CL/F 1180 L/d (50%), V2/F 8540 L (82%), gametocytes. It is unclear if 8AQs could have a role in targeting the V3/F 13200 L and Q 1720 L/d.
    [Show full text]
  • Đakrông Virus, a Novel Mobatvirus (Hantaviridae) Harbored by the Stoliczka's Asian Trident Bat (Aselliscus Stoliczkanus) In
    www.nature.com/scientificreports Corrected: Author Correction OPEN Đakrông virus, a novel mobatvirus (Hantaviridae) harbored by the Stoliczka’s Asian trident bat Received: 23 July 2018 Accepted: 4 July 2019 (Aselliscus stoliczkanus) in Vietnam Published online: 15 July 2019 Satoru Arai 1, Keita Aoki1,2, Nguyễn Trường Sơn3,4, Vương Tân Tú3,4, Fuka Kikuchi1,2, Gohta Kinoshita5, Dai Fukui6, Hong Trung Thnh7, Se Hun Gu8, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa9, Keiko Tanaka-Taya1, Shigeru Morikawa10, Richard Yanagihara8 & Kazunori Oishi1 The recent discovery of genetically distinct shrew- and mole-borne viruses belonging to the newly defned family Hantaviridae (order Bunyavirales) has spurred an extended search for hantaviruses in RNAlater®-preserved lung tissues from 215 bats (order Chiroptera) representing fve families (Hipposideridae, Megadermatidae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae), collected in Vietnam during 2012 to 2014. A newly identifed hantavirus, designated Đakrông virus (DKGV), was detected in one of two Stoliczka’s Asian trident bats (Aselliscus stoliczkanus), from Đakrông Nature Reserve in Quảng Trị Province. Using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, phylogenetic trees based on the full-length S, M and L segments showed that DKGV occupied a basal position with other mobatviruses, suggesting that primordial hantaviruses may have been hosted by ancestral bats. Te long-standing consensus that hantaviruses are harbored exclusively by rodents has been disrupted by the dis- covery of distinct lineages of hantaviruses in shrews and moles of multiple species (order Eulipotyphla, families Soricidae and Talpidae) in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America1,2. Not surprisingly, bats (order Chiroptera, suborders Yangochiroptera and Yinpterochiroptera), by virtue of their phylogenetic relatedness to shrews and moles and other placental mammals within the superorder Laurasiatheria3,4, have also been shown to harbor han- taviruses1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Evolution of Azagny Virus, a Newfound Hantavirus Harbored by the West African Pygmy Shrew (Crocidura Obscurior) in Cô
    Kang et al. Virology Journal 2011, 8:373 http://www.virologyj.com/content/8/1/373 RESEARCH Open Access Molecular evolution of Azagny virus, a newfound hantavirus harbored by the West African pygmy shrew (Crocidura obscurior) in Côte d’Ivoire Hae Ji Kang1, Blaise Kadjo2, Sylvain Dubey3, François Jacquet4 and Richard Yanagihara1* Abstract Background: Tanganya virus (TGNV), the only shrew-associated hantavirus reported to date from sub-Saharan Africa, is harbored by the Therese’s shrew (Crocidura theresae), and is phylogenetically distinct from Thottapalayam virus (TPMV) in the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) and Imjin virus (MJNV) in the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura). The existence of myriad soricid-borne hantaviruses in Eurasia and North America would predict the presence of additional hantaviruses in sub-Saharan Africa, where multiple shrew lineages have evolved and diversified. Methods: Lung tissues, collected in RNAlater®, from 39 Buettikofer’s shrews (Crocidura buettikoferi), 5 Jouvenet’s shrews (Crocidura jouvenetae), 9 West African pygmy shrews (Crocidura obscurior) and 21 African giant shrews (Crocidura olivieri) captured in Côte d’Ivoire during 2009, were systematically examined for hantavirus RNA by RT- PCR. Results: A genetically distinct hantavirus, designated Azagny virus (AZGV), was detected in the West African pygmy shrew. Phylogenetic analysis of the S, M and L segments, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, under the GTR+I+Γ model of evolution, showed that AZGV shared a common ancestry with TGNV and was more closely related to hantaviruses harbored by soricine shrews than to TPMV and MJNV. That is, AZGV in the West African pygmy shrew, like TGNV in the Therese’s shrew, did not form a monophyletic group with TPMV and MJNV, which were deeply divergent and basal to other rodent- and soricomorph-borne hantaviruses.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpaca Polyclonal Igg Antibodies Protect Against Lethal Andes Virus Infection
    Alpaca Polyclonal IgG Antibodies Protect Against Lethal Andes Virus Infection by Patrycja Magdalena Sroga A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2020 by Patrycja Magdalena Sroga Abstract Hantaviruses remain a global health issue as the number of infections continues to rise from year to year. Andes virus (ANDV), a South American Hantavirus strain carried by the long- tailed pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, causes over 200 infections each year in Argentina and Chile. The virus is transmitted through inhalation of infected rodent excreta, however numerous reports have confirmed person-to-person cases as well. ANDV is responsible for causing Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome and the lack of an approved therapeutic and/or vaccine is a problem as the fatality rate ranges from 30-50% between outbreaks. Recent animal studies have documented the potential of using antibodies as an effective treatment for Andes virus infections. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that neutralizing alpaca IgG antibodies produced through DNA vaccination will provide protection against lethal ANDV challenge within the Golden Syrian hamster model. This hypothesis was addressed by vaccinating alpacas and generating hyperimmune Andes virus-specific polyclonal IgG antibodies. Afterwards, these antibodies were evaluated in a bioavailability and protection study within the lethal Golden Syrian hamster model. Purified neutralizing polyclonal IgG alpaca antibodies were found to be 100% protective against lethal ANDV hamster infection when administered at days +1 and +3 post challenge.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf/Rbm-Annualreport 2005.Pdf Detection, Containment, and Control of Emerging In- 18
    Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trend pages 1625–1806 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Managing Senior Editor EDITORIAL BOARD Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Associate Editors Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA David Brandling-Bennet, Washington, D.C., USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Donald S. Burke, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Jay C. Butler, Anchorage, Alaska, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stephanie James, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Paul V. Effler, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Ed Eitzen, Washington, D.C., USA J. Glenn Morris, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Duane J. Gubler, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Marguerite Pappaioanou, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA Patricia M. Quinlisk, Des Moines, Iowa, USA David L. Heymann, Geneva, Switzerland Jocelyn A. Rankin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Daniel B. Jernigan, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Didier Raoult, Marseilles, France Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan David Warnock, Atlanta, Georgia, USA S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia J. Todd Weber, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Bruce R.
    [Show full text]