Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trend pages 1625–1806 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Managing Senior Editor EDITORIAL BOARD Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Associate Editors Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA David Brandling-Bennet, Washington, D.C., USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Donald S. Burke, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Jay C. Butler, Anchorage, Alaska, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stephanie James, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Paul V. Effler, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Ed Eitzen, Washington, D.C., USA J. Glenn Morris, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Duane J. Gubler, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Marguerite Pappaioanou, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA Patricia M. Quinlisk, Des Moines, Iowa, USA David L. Heymann, Geneva, Switzerland Jocelyn A. Rankin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Daniel B. Jernigan, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Didier Raoult, Marseilles, France Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan David Warnock, Atlanta, Georgia, USA S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia J. Todd Weber, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Bruce R. Levin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Henrik C. Wegener, Copenhagen, Denmark Myron Levine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Stuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Founding Editor John S. MacKenzie, Perth, Australia Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA Marian McDonald, Atlanta, Georgia, USA John E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USA Copy Editors Tom Marrie, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Thomas Gryczan, Anne Mather, Beverly Merritt, Ban Mishu-Allos, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Carol Snarey, P. Lynne Stockton Philip P. Mortimer, London, United Kingdom Fred A. Murphy, Galveston, Texas, USA Production Barbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USA Reginald Tucker, Ann Jordan, Shannon O’Connor P. Keith Murray, Geelong, Australia Patrice Nordmann, Paris, France Editorial Assistant Stephen Ostroff, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA Susanne Justice David H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USA Richard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA www.cdc.gov/eid Gabriel Rabinovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina Emerging Infectious Diseases Mario Raviglione, Geneva, Switzerland Emerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly by the Leslie Real, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, David Relman, Palo Alto, California, USA Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Telephone 404-639- Nancy Rosenstein, Atlanta, Georgia, USA 1960, fax 404-639-1954, email [email protected]. Connie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USA Tom Schwan, Hamilton, Montana, USA The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal Ira Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USA do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Centers for Disease David Sencer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Control and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated. Tom Shinnick, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Bonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USA All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in Rosemary Soave, New York, New York, USA the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA permission; proper citation, however, is required. P. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Use of trade names is for identification only and does not Robert Swanepoel, Johannesburg, South Africa imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Phillip Tarr, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Department of Health and Human Services. Timothy Tucker, Cape Town, South Africa Elaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USA ∞ Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid-free paper that meets John Ward, Atlanta, Georgia, USA the requirements of ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) Mary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 13, No. 11, November 2007 November 2007 On the Cover Protection and Virus Shedding of Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c. 1525–1569) Falcons Vaccinated against Highly From The Seasons (1565) Pathogenic Avian Infl uenza A (H5N1) ............ 1667 Return of the Herd M. Lierz et al. Oil on panel (160 cm × 120 cm) Virus shedding by vaccinated birds was markedly reduced. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna, Austria Angiostrongylus cantonensis Meningitis, Hawaii ........................................... 1675 N.S. Hochberg et al. About the Cover p. 1804 A substantial proportion of meningitis cases are attributed to infection with this pathogen, especially on the Big Island. Perspectives Human Salmonella and Decreased Confl ict and Emerging Susceptibility to Quinolones and Infectious Diseases ......................................... 1625 Extended-spectrum Cephalosporins .............1681 M. Gayer et al. J.M. Whichard et al. Public health interventions and disease surveillance and For complicated infections, decreased susceptibility could response systems can contribute to disease control. compromise treatment with either antimicrobial class. Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Non-A Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in Resistance Monitoring and Antenatal Clinics, United Kingdom ................ 1689 Research Program........................................... 1632 S. Dervisevic et al. A.M. Hammerum et al. Serostatus for viral e antigen is no longer accurate for inferring potential infectivity of pregnant virus carriers. This program has led to changes in the use of antimicrobial agents in Denmark and other countries. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. Growing Problem of Multidrug-Resistant equisimilis in Tropical Communities, Enteric Pathogens in Africa ............................1640 Northern Australia ........................................... 1694 I.N. Okeke et al. M. McDonald et al. This subspecies is common in communities with high rates A disproportionate number of low-income persons are p. 1651 affected. of streptococcal disease, and its epidemiology differs from that of S. pyogenes. Synopsis Genetic Diversity of Clonal Lineages Histoplasma capsulatum var. in Escherichia coli O157:H7 Stepwise duboisii in HIV-infected Patients ....................1647 Evolutionary Model ......................................... 1701 P. Loulergue et al. P.C.H. Feng et al. African histoplasmosis during HIV infection is rare. Molecular characterization and subtyping show genetic p. 1670 diversities within clonal complexes. Research Methamphetamine Use and Mosquitoes and Mycobacterium Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus ulcerans, Australia .......................................... 1653 aureus Skin Infections .................................... 1707 P.D.R. Johnson et al. A.L. Cohen et al. Mosquitoes positive for M. ulcerans were linked to Drug use may be contributing to the spread of MRSA in a outbreaks of Buruli ulcer in humans. rural southeastern US community. Risk Factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans Pandemic Infl uenza and Infection, Southeastern Australia .................. 1661 Hospital Resources ......................................... 1714 T.Y.J. Quek et al. R.E. Nap et al. Epidemiologic evidence shows mosquitoes play a role in Even during the peak of a pandemic, all patients requiring transmission to humans. intensive care can be served. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 13, No. 11, November 2007 Terrestrial Wild Birds and Ecology of Infl uenza A (H5N1) ........................ 1720 A.C.M. Boon et al. November 2007 Recent viruses are pathogenic for some small terrestrial bird species. 1773 Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Caused by Hantaviruses, Estonia Insertion-Deletion Markers for I. Golovljova et al. Rapid DNA-based Typing of Francisella tularensis ...................................... 1725 1777 Human Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella P. Larsson et al. Newport Infections, Wisconsin, By combined analysis of canonical indels with multiple-locus 2003–2005 variable-number tandem repeat analysis, robust and precise A.E. Karon et al. strain typing was achieved. 1781 Medical Students and Pandemic Infl uenza B. Herman et al Epidemiologic and Virologic Investigation of Hand, Foot, and Mouth 1784 Hantavirus in Chinese Mole Shrew, Disease, Southern Vietnam, 2005 .................. 1733 Vietnam P.V. Tu et al J.-W. Song et al. Human enterovirus 71, but not coxsackievirus A16, is 1788 Environmental Predictors of Human West strongly associated with acute neurologic disease. Nile Virus Infections, Colorado J.L. Patnaik et al. Dispatches 1791 Cytomegalovirus during Pregnancy G. Rahav et al. 1742 Severe Spotted Fever Group p. 1743 Rickettsiosis, Australia W.J.H. McBride et al. Another Dimension 1745 Novel Human Herpesvirus 8 Subtype D, 1803 A Country Story Vanuatu, Melanesia K. Fields O. Cassar et al. 1749 Onchocerca jakutensis Filariasis in Humans Letters M. Koehsler et al. 1794 Rickettsia felis in Chile 1753 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus 1795 Possible Typhoon-related