Maritime Transport Safety

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Maritime Transport Safety Maritime Transport Safety Shen jiaqiang China Maritime Safety Administration 11# Jianguomennei Ave, Beijing, 100736 People's Republic of China Email: [email protected] and a lot more ….. 1. China Maritime Safety Administration Introduction 2. Maritime Safety Management China Maritime Safety Administration Function and Jurisdiction • Working independently since 1998 – From 11 November 1998, China Maritime Safety Administration (China MSA) as the government body , was established and authorized by the State Council and the Ministry of Transport, responsible for operational delivery of maritime safety and marine environment protection, and other related services. • Roles played nationally and internationally – Designated as competent authority in light of laws • Maritime Traffic Safety Law • Marine environment Protection Law – Class A Party to the International Maritime Organization since 1989 and CMSA has been playing a significant role in IMO and other international maritime forum after its establishment. China Maritime Safety Administration Function and Jurisdiction • The detailed responsibilities of China MSA include: – 1. Draft and implement policies, regulations and technical codes and standards in safety supervision, marine pollution prevention, navigational aids, and other relevant fields of transportation; – 2. Comprehensively supervise water safety and prevent marine pollution. Inspect the ship's safety conditions and safety management system of water transport enterprises; investigate and handle water traffic accidents, marine pollution from vessels and water transport violation cases; implement the safety management in respective transport industries; China Maritime Safety Administration Function and Jurisdiction – 3. Responsible for the administration of ship and off‐shore facilities check, supervise the statutory survey and certification for ships and off‐shore facilities, monitor the qualifications of ship survey organizations and marine surveyors, approve and supervise the resident representative offices of foreign ship survey organizations within the territory of China, in charge of Chinese flag ships' registration, certification, survey and certificate endorsement, control foreign flag ships' entry and exit of Chinese ports and waters, conduct safety supervision over ships carrying dangerous goods and other goods; – 4. Administer seafarers and pilots' training, examination and certification, Check and supervise the qualification and quality system of training institutions for seafarers and pilots, responsible for the management of seafarers' documents. China Maritime Safety Administration Function and Jurisdiction • MOT – The Ministry of Transport (MOT) was established in March 2008 by the State Council as one of the new “super ministries,” combining the functions of the old Ministry of Communications (MOC) with those of the Civil Aviation Administration of China and State Post Bureau. – The new MOT is the principal organization overseeing development strategies, regulations, and standards for road, water, and air transportation, and communications. • Relation with MOT (different from other internal department) – Belongs and reports to the Ministry of Transport (MOT or China transport) directly – Legislation by way of Ministerial Order (Mandatory to Industry) and administrative Directive (suggestive to Industry) – Working independently under the name as CMSA China Maritime Safety Administration . Sea Territory: 3 Million Square Kilometers (EEZ) . Coast line: 18 thousand Kilometers . Ports: totally 1400 and more, in which, 130 and more are dedicated for international service Around 300,000 ships sail, operate or berth in the coastal areas of P.R .C each day. Maritime Safety Management Maritime Safety Management Ship 1. Ship Survey survey For international trading ships, VTS Safety statutory survey has been delegated Aid to Inspect Maritime in full to China Classification Society Nav. safety ion manage (CCS) ment Access to the data base to monitor the ships’ survey records and details Seafar Pre‐departure inspection SAR er Educat ion Maritime Safety Management 2. Ship inspections • China MSA has 350 dedicated PSCOs to carry out ship safety inspections throughout the 14 regional MSAs in China. • Ships flying Chinese flag, either engaged in international voyages or in domestic voyages, have been exposed to periodical inspection, typically every 6 month. • In 2015, 55 ports were authorized to carry out PSC inspection on 9925 foreign ships, out of which 443 ships were detained with a detention rate of 5.45% . Maritime Safety Management PSC Inspections in China Maritime Safety Management Detention rate of Chinese flagged ships Average detention rate of Tokyo MOU Detention rate of China PSC Maritime Safety Management 3. Seafarers Management • China MSA is responsible for the implementation of STCW Convention in China. • There are 94 maritime institutions and maritime universities, as recognized training organizations, providing courses regarding to deck officers and engineer’s competencies for the merchant marine and other maritime related programmes, such as naval architecture. • Examination (including oral and operational examinations) for Certificates of Competency are monitored and assessed by China MSA and regional MSAs. Maritime Safety Management 3. Seafarers Management • There are 94 seafarer education and training organizations in China, including 12 maritime universities, 16 maritime colleges, 25 secondary‐level vocational maritime schools, and 41 maritime training centers. • In 2015, there is an annual enrollment of about 15,000 students at maritime universities and institutions, and the total number of seafarers holding certificates of competency for ocean‐going ships has reached 310,348, including 131,366 senior officers. • Those RTOs possess 37 training vessels for onboard training and sea‐going practices. Maritime Safety Management 4. VTS/Aids to Navigation • China MSA is responsible for marine safety and information service, operation and management of VTS, developing and implementing traffic separation scheme, receiving and processing maritime distress alerts and enforcement activities. These services are provided through 17 coastal radio stations and 28 VTS centers. • China MSA is responsible for Aids to Navigation including maintenance of 14,000 lighthouses & buoys within the territorial waters and issuance of Navigational Warnings. • 458 AIS base stations and the signal of AIS has almost covered all the coastal area and inner‐ land channels. • DBD system adopted by IMO and provide services to commercial ships . Maritime Safety Management 5. Search and Rescue • The search and rescue region of China is a part of global SAR plan of IMO ‐ SAR area 7. State inter‐ministerial joint committee on maritime SAR was established in the year 2005,consist of 14 members. • The China MSA is supervising RCC activities via networking system which has been established in MRCC in Beijing. China MSA has established a maritime distress call number 12395 for emergency communication. Thanks.
Recommended publications
  • China's Postal Services
    Studies on the Changing Postal Marketplace: Vol. 1 China’s Postal Services: Which Path Forward? Jessica Ciccone Adams and Don Soifer June 2014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY T his report represents the first in a series examining the postal and delivery sectors of the world’s major economies. It focuses on China’s postal services, market dynamics and the extent to which the needs of household and business consumers are being met. China was selected as the first post to review due to its significant market presence and growing influence, with China Post revenue exceeding 97 billion yuan (US $15 billion), and delivering nearly 2.4 billion pieces during the first half of 2012. While China Post has realized significant growth in both postal and non-postal revenue, it has largely ignored trends that have characterized the reform strategies of other national posts. For example: • Service standards such as those published by postal operators in most industrialized countries do not exist for China Post, whose annual report instead publishes numbers of complaints received and the results of customer surveys on satisfaction and perceptions of improvement. • Regulation by an independent regulatory authority, with delineated separation between operational and regulatory responsibilities. • Draft regulations introduced in 2013 would impose new fees on private delivery operators, with no evident link to the proceeds contributing to either improvements in service quality or increased liberalization to expand consumer options. • Deregulation of the postal monopoly. Laws that create and protect postal monopolies have tended to result in decreased delivery performance and increased costs, to the detriment of the consumer.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the
    [Show full text]
  • FCR(2021-22)9 on 7 May 2021
    For discussion FCR(2021-22)9 on 7 May 2021 ITEM FOR FINANCE COMMITTEE CAPITAL INVESTMENT FUND HEAD 972 – TRADING FUNDS Subhead 115 Other investments - Post Office Trading Fund Members are invited to approve a commitment of $4,611.3 million as trading fund capital from the Capital Investment Fund to the Post Office Trading Fund to finance the redevelopment of the Air Mail Centre of Hongkong Post. PROBLEM The Government plans to redevelop the Air Mail Centre (AMC) of Hongkong Post (HKP) located at the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA). With advanced design, expanded capacity equipped with intelligent technologies and up-to-date machineries, the redeveloped AMC will operate with enhanced efficiency in meeting the demand for cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) postal services of the booming e-commerce industry and contributing to developing the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) as a postal and logistics hub for the country. PROPOSAL 2. We propose to create a commitment to enable the injection of $4,611.3 million as trading fund capital from the Capital Investment Fund (CIF) to the Post Office Trading Fund (POTF) to fund the redevelopment project. The proposed appropriation of funds from the CIF to the POTF will be subject to the approval by the Legislative Council (LegCo) of a resolution to be moved by the Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development. /JUSTIFICATION ….. FCR(2021-22)9 Page 2 JUSTIFICATION Continuous Growth of CBEC 3. The global CBEC has been continuously developing and rapidly expanding in the past decade. Online trading and shopping has become part of the daily life of people and merchants around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Securing the Belt and Road Initiative: China's Evolving Military
    the national bureau of asian research nbr special report #80 | september 2019 securing the belt and road initiative China’s Evolving Military Engagement Along the Silk Roads Edited by Nadège Rolland cover 2 NBR Board of Directors John V. Rindlaub Kurt Glaubitz Matt Salmon (Chairman) Global Media Relations Manager Vice President of Government Affairs Senior Managing Director and Chevron Corporation Arizona State University Head of Pacific Northwest Market East West Bank Mark Jones Scott Stoll Co-head of Macro, Corporate & (Treasurer) Thomas W. Albrecht Investment Bank, Wells Fargo Securities Partner (Ret.) Partner (Ret.) Wells Fargo & Company Ernst & Young LLP Sidley Austin LLP Ryo Kubota Mitchell B. Waldman Dennis Blair Chairman, President, and CEO Executive Vice President, Government Chairman Acucela Inc. and Customer Relations Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. U.S. Navy (Ret.) Quentin W. Kuhrau Chief Executive Officer Charles W. Brady Unico Properties LLC Honorary Directors Chairman Emeritus Lawrence W. Clarkson Melody Meyer Invesco LLC Senior Vice President (Ret.) President The Boeing Company Maria Livanos Cattaui Melody Meyer Energy LLC Secretary General (Ret.) Thomas E. Fisher Long Nguyen International Chamber of Commerce Senior Vice President (Ret.) Chairman, President, and CEO Unocal Corporation George Davidson Pragmatics, Inc. (Vice Chairman) Joachim Kempin Kenneth B. Pyle Vice Chairman, M&A, Asia-Pacific (Ret.) Senior Vice President (Ret.) Professor, University of Washington HSBC Holdings plc Microsoft Corporation Founding President, NBR Norman D. Dicks Clark S. Kinlin Jonathan Roberts Senior Policy Advisor President and Chief Executive Officer Founder and Partner Van Ness Feldman LLP Corning Cable Systems Ignition Partners Corning Incorporated Richard J.
    [Show full text]
  • ZTO Express (Cayman) Inc
    ZTO Express (Cayman) Inc. ZTO Express 2018 ZTO Express (Cayman) Inc. ESG Report 2018 ESG Report Headquarters Address: 1685 Huazhi Road, Huaxin Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai Company Website: www.zto.com Bringing Happiness to Postal Code: 201708 More People through Our Services About the Report Introduction This annual ESG report is the first public release by ZTO Express (Cayman) Inc Coverage The report covers ZTO Express (Cayman) Inc. and its subsidiaries. For reader’s convenience, “ZTO Express”, “ZTO”, “the Company”, and “We” are also used to address the Group Time frame The report covers the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Please note that part of the content maybe out of this time frame) References: Sustainability Reporting Guidelines G4 by the Global Reporting Initiative Bringing Happiness to China Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting Guidelines (CASS-CSR4.0) by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences More People through Our Services Guidance on Social Responsibility Reporting (GB/T36001-2015) Data All the data in the Report come from ZTO Express (Cayman) Inc.'s public files and statistical reports, which have been reviewed by the relevant departments. Financial data in the report are based on RMB, unless otherwise stated. To the best of our knowledge, the report does not contain any false records, misleading statements or material omissions Information Company Website: www.zto.com Headquarters Address: 1685 Huazhi Road, Huaxin Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai Postal Code: 201708 Telephone: 95311 Company E-Mail:
    [Show full text]
  • Key Investment Highlights of Sf Reit
    THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THAT THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT. KEY INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS OF SF REIT SF REIT is the first logistics-focused REIT to be [REDACTED] in Hong Kong. Its key investment objectives are to provide Unitholders with stable distributions, sustainable and long-term distribution growth, and enhancement in the value of SF REIT’s properties. The investment focus of SF REIT shall be income-generating real estate globally, with an initial focus on logistics properties. The three Properties in SF REIT’s initial portfolio offer investors direct exposure to modern logistics properties in Hong Kong and the PRC. Backed by SFH, the largest express delivery company in China, and managed by a highly experienced management team at the REIT Manager, SF REIT presents Unitholders with an attractive investment proposition for the following reasons. PRIME PROPERTY PORTFOLIO LOCATED AT STRATEGIC LOCATIONS IN HONG KONG AND THE PRC According to the Market Consultant Report, there is a growing shortage of modern logistics properties in Hong Kong and the PRC. The shortage is primarily attributable to the combination effect of the scarcity of suitable sites in the Greater Bay Area and other prime cities in the PRC, as well as increasing demand from tenants in the logistics, express delivery, e-commerce and cold storage sectors due to their rapid growth as a result of shifting consumer demands globally. SF REIT’s initial portfolio at [REDACTED] comprises three modern logistics properties with distribution centres equipped with automatic sorting and supply chain support facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Administration's Paper on Redevelopment of the Air Mail
    LC Paper No. CB(4)645/20-21(01) For discussion on 22 March 2021 Legislative Council Panel on Economic Development Redevelopment of the Air Mail Centre of Hongkong Post PURPOSE This paper seeks Members’ support for Government’s plan to redevelop the Air Mail Centre (“AMC”) of Hongkong Post (“HKP”) located at the Hong Kong International Airport (“HKIA”) and the proposed financial arrangements. BACKGROUND 2. The AMC is the key postal infrastructure for handling all outbound, inbound and cross-border mail and transit airmail in Hong Kong. Opened in June 1998, it was built during the development of the HKIA, and was designed to handle mainly letter mails, which accounted for the majority of all mail items back in the 1990s. A location map of the AMC in the HKIA is at Annex A. 3. More than twenty years into its operation, the spatial limitation and configuration of the AMC has constrained its ability and adversely impacted on its operational efficiency to cope with the present day and future demands for handling air delivery and e-commerce traffic. More importantly, there is a need to equip the AMC with the latest technology, and to enhance its capacity in order for Hong Kong to positively contribute to developing the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (“GBA”) as a postal and logistics hub for the country. 4. Against the above, in the 2018-19 Budget, the Financial Secretary announced that the Government would consider the redevelopment of the AMC to enhance its effiency and capacity. The 2018 Policy Address reiterated the need for HKP to boost the operating efficiency and handling capacity of the AMC with advanced equipment.
    [Show full text]
  • China Data Supplement January 2007
    China Data Supplement January 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 55 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 57 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 62 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 69 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 73 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 January 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member BoD Board of Directors Cdr. Commander CEO Chief Executive Officer Chp. Chairperson COO Chief Operating Officer CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep.Cdr. Deputy Commander Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson Hon.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Cities of Opportunity 2020 Seizing the New Opportunities of China’S Urbanisation
    Beijing Hangzhou Xi’an Kunming Wuxi Nanchang Harbin Shanghai Wuhan Xiamen Jinan Taiyuan Zhongshan Haikou Guangzhou Hong Kong Chongqing Hefei Guiyang Urumqi Lanzhou Shenzhen Zhengzhou Tianjin Macao Shenyang Shijiazhuang Baoding Chengdu Changsha Qingdao Foshan Fuzhou Changchun Tangshan Nanjing Suzhou Ningbo Zhuhai Dalian Nanning Hohhot Chinese Cities of Opportunity 2020 Seizing the new opportunities of China’s urbanisation While China has entered the mid to late stages of stressed, China must gradually form a “dual circulation” its urbanisation process, urbanisation maintains a development pattern, in which the domestic economic strong driving force for China’s economic and social cycle plays a leading role while the domestic and development, yielding tremendous opportunities and international dual circulations complement each other. potential for growth. In 2019, for the first time, the This “dual circulation” not only demonstrates a logic of urbanisation rate of China’s permanent population ensuring bottom-line security by improving economic exceeded 60 percent, which is expected to approach resilience, but also a logic of expanding opening-up and the average level of developed countries in the next 20 integrated development with an enterprising spirit. In years. However, the urbanisation rate of the registered the process of developing a “dual circulation” pattern, population is currently below 45 percent. Continuous cities—especially central cities—will play a leading role as promotion of a new type of “people-centric urbanisation” platforms for growth and opening-up as well as pillars of will help narrow the gap between the economic and social resilience—veritable places of opportunity. development of urban and rural areas, extensively improve The China Development Research Foundation and PwC public services and social welfare, and provide internal have paid close attention to China’s urbanisation, with impetus for robust economic growth.
    [Show full text]
  • BULLETPROOF DEVELOPMENT High-Speed Rail Brings People Together
    OPINION: UNITED FOR ONE PURPOSE P.20 | FEATURES: IN PURSUIT OF XIAOKANG P.36 VOL.64 NO.28 JULY 15, 2021 WWW.BJREVIEW.COM BULLETPROOF DEVELOPMENT High-speed rail brings people together RMB6.00 USD1.70 AUD3.00 GBP1.20 CAD2.60 CHF2.60 JPY188 邮发代号2-922·国内统一刊号:CN11-1576/G2 CONTENTS EDITOR’S DESK 22 Achievements Made, FEATURES 02 Roads to Riches Experiences Shared 36 Right on Schedule China and Laos, a long-standing From poverty elimination to global inspiration THIS WEEK collaborative relationship 38 Managing Strategic Competition The world’s two leading powers must find new COVER STORY 24 A Year of Extraordinaries China-Pakistan friendship goes from ways to move forward 12 The Locomotive of strength to strength Development 40 Wiping Out an Infectious Disease 25 Major-Country Ties and Speeding up innovative prosper- The story behind China’s malaria-free certification Yin-Yang Philosophy ity for the people 44 Letting Off Some E-Steam In bilateral relations, too, dualism Chinese vaping industry headed for a burnout? 16 Hubs for Humans makes a whole Cutting-edge technology offers 26 Breaking Down Stereotypes commuter convenience CULTURE Marxian economist discusses China’s 46 Reviewing the Past rise to global prominence OPINION A Hong Kong exhibition depicts CPC 28 Time to Abandon Cultural developments 20 United by Purpose Chauvinism The advantages of a precision How harmony must outweigh hegemony government EXPAT’S EYE 30 Will B3W Challenge the Belt 21 Setting the Example 48 Sizzling Cultural Heritage and Road Initiative? Dipping into the culinary tradition that is hotpot An American professor on G7’s infrastructure development plan China’s achievements may prove tricky 32 The Objectivity and Authenticity Illusion Absolutely free or independent media, Cover Design: Wang Yajuan, with a castle in the sky photography by Liang Bo 33 China, the FDI Magnet ©2021 Beijing Review, all rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2019 National Economic and Social Development1
    STATISTICAL COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE 2019 NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT1 National Bureau of Statistics of China February 28, 2020 In 2019, in the face of mounting risks and challenges both at home and abroad, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core and the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, all regions and departments fully implemented the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the second, third and fourth plenary sessions of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, followed the decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adhered to the general working guideline of making progress while maintaining stability and the new development philosophy, committed to the high-quality development, focused on the supply-side structural reform, deepened the reform and opened wider to the world, and unswervingly fought the “Three Critical Battles”. All regions and departments took coordinated steps to ensure steady economic growth, advance reform, make structural adjustment, improve living standards, guard against risks and ensure stability, and endeavored to maintain stability in areas of employment, financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment and market expectation. As a result, the economy was generally stable, the development reached a new stage with steadily raised quality, people’s well-being was further enhanced, social undertakings were prospering, and the ecological environment was generally improved. The key indicators of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan progressed as expected, and major breakthroughs were made in the completion of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement September 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 44 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 47 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR................................................................................................................ 48 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR....................................................................................................................... 55 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 60 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 September 2008 The Main National Leadership
    [Show full text]