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Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2019 National Economic and Social Development1

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Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2019 National Economic and Social Development1 STATISTICAL COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE 2019 NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT1 National Bureau of Statistics of China February 28, 2020 In 2019, in the face of mounting risks and challenges both at home and abroad, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core and the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, all regions and departments fully implemented the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the second, third and fourth plenary sessions of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, followed the decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adhered to the general working guideline of making progress while maintaining stability and the new development philosophy, committed to the high-quality development, focused on the supply-side structural reform, deepened the reform and opened wider to the world, and unswervingly fought the “Three Critical Battles”. All regions and departments took coordinated steps to ensure steady economic growth, advance reform, make structural adjustment, improve living standards, guard against risks and ensure stability, and endeavored to maintain stability in areas of employment, financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment and market expectation. As a result, the economy was generally stable, the development reached a new stage with steadily raised quality, people’s well-being was further enhanced, social undertakings were prospering, and the ecological environment was generally improved. The key indicators of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan progressed as expected, and major breakthroughs were made in the completion of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. 1 All figures in this Communiqué are preliminary statistics. Statistics in this Communiqué do not include Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan Province. Due to the rounding-off reasons, the subentries may not add up to the aggregate totals. I. General Outlook According to preliminary estimation, the gross domestic product (GDP)2 in 2019 was 99,086.5 billion yuan, up by 6.1 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the value added of the primary industry was 7,046.7 billion yuan, up by 3.1 percent, that of the secondary industry was 38,616.5 billion yuan, up by 5.7 percent and that of the tertiary industry was 53,423.3 billion yuan, up by 6.9 percent. The value added of the primary industry accounted for 7.1 percent of the GDP; that of the secondary industry accounted for 39.0 percent; and that of the tertiary industry accounted for 53.9 percent. The contribution of the final consumption expenditure to GDP was 57.8 percent, that of the gross capital formation 31.2 percent and that of the net exports of goods and services 11.0 percent. The per capita GDP in 2019 was 70,892 yuan, up by 5.7 percent compared with the previous year. The gross national income3 in 2019 was 98,845.8 billion yuan, up by 6.2 percent over the previous year. The national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan worth of GDP4 went down by 2.6 percent over 2018, and the overall labor productivity5 reached 115,009 yuan per person in 2019, up by 6.2 percent over the previous year. Figure 1: Gross Domestic Product and Growth Rates 2015-2019 2 Gross domestic product (GDP), value added of the three and related industries, regional GDP, per capita GDP and gross national income (GNI) as quoted in this Communiqué are calculated at current prices whereas their growth rates are at constant prices. Historical data of GDP, value added of the three and related industries and other related indicators were revised based on the results of the fourth national economic census. 3 Gross national income, also known as gross national product, refers to the total primary distribution of the income created by all the resident units of a country (or a region) during a certain period of time. It equals to gross domestic product plus the net primary distribution of income from abroad. 4 The national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan worth of GDP is calculated at constant prices of 2015. The historical data were revised based on the results of the fourth national economic census. 5 The overall labor productivity refers to the ratio between the GDP (at 2015 constant prices) and the total number of persons employed. The historical data were revised based on the results of the fourth national economic census. 1 6 Figure 2: Shares of the Three Industries’ Value Added of GDP 2015-2019 7 Figure 3: Changes of Energy Consumption per 10,000 Yuan Worth of GDP 2015-2019 6 See Note 2. 7 See Note 4. 2 Figure 4: The Overall Labor Productivity 2015-20198 By the end of 2019, the total number of Chinese population at the mainland reached 1,400.05 million, an increase of 4.67 million over that at the end of 2018. Of this total, urban permanent residents numbered 848.43 million, accounting for 60.60 percent of the total population (the urbanization rate of permanent residents), 1.02 percentage points higher than that at the end of 2018. The urbanization rate of population with household registration was 44.38 percent, 1.01 percentage points higher than that at the end of 2018. The year 2019 saw 14.65 million births, a crude birth rate of 10.48 per thousand, and 9.98 million deaths, a crude death rate of 7.14 per thousand. The natural growth rate was 3.34 per thousand. The number of population who lived in places other than their 8 See Note 5. 3 household registration areas9 reached 280 million, of which 236 million were floating population10. Table 1: Population and Its Composition by the End of 2019 Population at Year-end Item （10,000 Proportion (%) persons） National Total 140005 100.0 Of which: Urban 84843 60.60 Rural 55162 39.40 Of which: Male 71527 51.1 Female 68478 48.9 Of which: Aged 0-15 (under the age of 16)11 24977 17.8 Aged 16-59 (under the age of 60) 89640 64.0 Aged 60 and above 25388 18.1 Of which: Aged 65 and above 17603 12.6 Figure 5: Urbanization Rates of Permanent Residents 2015-2019 At the end of 2019, the number of employed people in China was 774.71 million, 9 Population who live in places other than their household registration areas refers to those who reside in areas other than their household registration and have been away from there for over 6 months. 10 Floating population refers to the population who live in places other than their household registration excluding those with current residences different from the places of their household registration but still in the same city. Population who live in places other than their household registration but still in the same city refers to those whose current residences are different from the registered towns or streets in the same district or in different districts but still in the same municipality or prefecture-level city. 11 By the end of 2019, the population aged 0 to 14 (under the age of 15) was 234.92 million and that aged 15 to 59 (under the age of 60) was 911.25 million. 4 and that in urban areas was 442.47 million, accounting for 57.1 percent of the national employed people, 1.1 percentage points higher than the end of 2018. The newly increased employed people in urban areas numbered 13.52 million, 90 thousand less than the previous year. The surveyed urban unemployment rate was 5.2 percent at the year end, and the registered urban unemployment rate was 3.6 percent. The total number of migrant workers12 in 2019 was 290.77 million, up by 0.8 percent over that of 2018. Specifically, the number of migrant workers who left their hometowns and worked in other places was 174.25 million, up by 0.9 percent, and those who worked in their own localities reached 116.52 million, up by 0.7 percent. Figure 6：Newly Increased Employed People in Urban Areas 2015-2019 The consumer prices in 2019 went up by 2.9 percent over the previous year. The producer prices for industrial products went down by 0.3 percent and the purchasing prices for industrial producers down by 0.7 percent. The prices for investment in fixed assets increased by 2.6 percent. The producer prices for farm products13 increased by 14.5 percent. In December, out of the 70 large-and-medium-sized cities, 68 cities experienced a year-on-year rise in sales prices of new commercial residential buildings and two cities experienced a decline. Figure 7：Monthly Changes of Consumer Prices in 2019 12 The number of migrant workers includes those who are employed outside their villages and towns for more than six months in the year and those who do non-agricultural work in their villages and towns for more than six months in the year. 13 The producer prices for farm products refer to the prices of farm products sold directly by producers. 5 Table 2: Changes of Consumer Prices in 2019 Unit: % Item National Average Urban Rural General level of consumer prices 2.9 2.8 3.2 Of which: Food, tobacco and liquor 7.0 6.7 7.9 Clothing 1.6 1.7 1.2 14 Residence 1.4 1.3 1.5 Household facilities, articles and services 0.9 0.9 0.8 Transportation and telecommunication -1.7 -1.8 -1.4 Education, culture and recreation 2.2 2.3 1.9 Health care and medical services 2.4 2.5 2.1 Miscellaneous goods and services 3.4 3.5 3.1 At the end of 2019, China’s foreign exchange reserves reached 3,107.9 billion US dollars, an increase of 35.2 billion US dollars compared with that at the end of 2018.
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