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Egyptunderthesaitespersiansan Q §226 JBoohs on E gypt anb abalbaea V L HE SER ES O . XV O F T . I A H IS TO RY O F E GYPT FROM T H E EN D O F TH E N EOL ITHIC PERIOD T o T HE DEAT H O F CL E P TR V II B C O A A . 3 0 VO L . V II . E G YPT UN D E R T H E SA T E S P E R S AN S I , I , AN D PTO L E MI E S PUB LIS HER S ’ N O T E K e a n N h e e a r 1 r W a llis B ud e e a e d Mes . I t y 894 D . g pr p r for srs g l re nch u ne r a n e le me n a o n h e Pa u T Tr b Co . k t , , t ry wor E tia n lan ua e e n e d F t S e in E ia n an d two gyp g g , titl irs t ps gypt , “ e a l a e th e m a n n ume A n E a n Re a din y rs t r co p io vol , gypti g B k i h t a n l te atio n o f a ll th e te x inte d in a nd oo , w t r s i r s ts pr it , a ull ula Th e u e o f h e e e d ha t f v o cab ry . s cc ss t s works prov t the y h a d he lpe d to s a tisfy a wa nt l ong fe lt by st ud e n ts of th e E ian an ua e a nd a s a im a a n e x e d a m n gypt l g g , s il r w t ist o g ud e n th e l a n ua e w e n in th e une m ha a e st ts of g g s ritt c ifor c r ct r, h B Mu e um e a W . K n t e e d o n h e r L . h m M . i g, of ritis s , pr p r , t s a e ne a s th e two k me n ne d a e an e le me nta k li s boo s tio bov , ry wor o n “ th e Assyri an a n d B a byl onia n la ngua ge s ( First St e ps in hi h a e a e d in 1898 . The e k h e w c pp r s wor s , owev r, d e a lt ma inly with th e phil ol ogic a l branch o f Egypt o logy a nd l a nd it was im l e in th e a e a ll we d Assyrio ogy , possib sp c o to e xpla in much tha t ne e d e d e xpl a na tion in th e o the r branche s of the u e —tha to sa m a e e l a n th e a ob aso se s bj cts t is y , tt rs r ti g to r l h r e i i n e tc . o f th e E a n A a n a nd ogy , isto y , r l g o , , gypti s , ssyri s , n In a n e to th e nume u e u B a byl onia s . sw r ro s r q ests which ha ve e e n ma d e a e i e s o f ho ula ha nd k o n th e m b , s r s rt , pop r boo s ost important bra nche s o f Egyptology a nd A ssyriology ha ve b e e n e a e d and it is ho e d ha he e e e a s in o d u n pr p r , p t t t s will s rv tr ctio s la e r o n e e u h to th e rg r wo ks th s s bje cts . T e pre se nt is th e n h o lume th e e e a n d th e u e e d n lum fifte e t v of s ri s , s cc i g vo e s wil l l a n a m e b e u he d a t h n e r a d t d a te e . p blis s ort i t v s , o r pric s mocks on E gypt anb ¢balcaca E G Y P T UN DE R TH E SAITE S PERSIANS AND PT LE MIE S , , O LL E A . W A S B E UD M . A . G I I L TT D . D . L T . I , , , K EEPE R O F T H E EGYPTI A N A N D A QSY RIA N A N TIQUITIE S IN T H E B R ITIS H M US E UM I LLUS T RAT ED LON DON K E A N TREN CH TRUB NER CO . G PA UL , , P TER NOSTER HOUSE CH R ING C ROSS RO D A , A A 1 902 ’ ]A 11 r ig/115 reser vea L O N D O N GI E T u m R I V I N GTO N L I M I TE D LB R , , ’ s r J o a n H O US E CL E RK E NW E L L . s , , P R E F A C E THE period of Egyptian History treated in the UAR - AB -EX present volume begins with the reign of , A ri e s H O h ra the p of Greek writers , and the p of the XXVIth Bible , a king of the Dynasty , and ends with Ph il o ato r a nd that of Ptolemy IV. p , the narrative describes the principal events which took place in a 1 B 5 59 20 . C . C . Egypt from bout R to . During this period we find Egypt in a state of great national prosperity , but it was impossible for her kings to rival , or even successfully imitate those of th e XVIIIth A Dynasty in the matter of siatic conquests . She had never before to contend against so mighty a conqueror A h a d as Nebuchadnezzar II . in sia, and never before she to resist the attacks of nations, younger and more ch vigorous than herself, whi had grown up about her in the West ; she wa s able to preserve her inde ende nce p and much of her power , but it was only at v i P RE FAC E th e n price of submission to the rule of foreign dy asties . Under the XXVIth Dyn a sty an extra ordinary archaistic ffi a revival took place , and we find that o ci ls were c alled by titles which h a d been out of use for nearly two thousand years, and gods who had been forgotten for many centuri es again became favourite objects of X th worship . The religion of the XVI and following Dyna sties was profoundly modified by the fact that l o w A Thebes had been brought very , and her god men B a had returned to the comparati vely uni mportant position as a loc al god which he had held under the Xc Dynasty . The kings and governors of the period under consideration caused the works of the i a Early Emp re to be imit ted as closely as possible , but at the s ame time the productions of the XXVIth Dynasty s a possess di tinguishing char cteristics which make them , a th an rtistically, of far greater interest the formal and i’ uninspired copies of the Ptolema c Period . It is interesting to note that the conquest of Egypt by the Persians had very little influence in modifying a the archaistic revival which beg n under the Saites , but thi s need not be wondered at when we remember the first excesses and barbarities of Cambyses . It is c lear that although the Egypti ans submitte d quietly to I a the wise and just rule of Darius . they never ban d o ne d the hope of seeing their country ruled by a tu native king, and whenever they found an oppor nity they always revolted against the Persians . In spite of t i this, however , cer a n facts in the history of the period PRE FAC E V l l “ seem to suggest that although Egypt for the Egyp a ti ns was a popular cry, the great mass of the people cared in reality - very little who ruled over them pro vide d that they could enjoy their religious processions, and assist at the elaborate ceremonies which were performed in connexion with the worship of their gods . As a matter of fact the Egyptians had little to complain of under the rule of the Persians , and many of the revolts which took place before the coming of Alexander the Great were caused partly by the naturally restless disposition of the warlike Libyan tribes which had settled in the Delta, and partly by the machinations of the rebellious Greek subjects of Per81 a m neighbour ing countries .
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