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Die Quellen Für Die Nachrichten Der Alten Historiker Über Die Diadochenkämpfe Bis Zum Tode Des Eumenes Und Der Olympias

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Die Quellen Für Die Nachrichten Der Alten Historiker Über Die Diadochenkämpfe Bis Zum Tode Des Eumenes Und Der Olympias XIX. Die quellen für die nachrichten der alten historiker über die Diadochenkämpfe bis zum tode des Eumenes und der Olympias. (S. oben μ. 305). II. 1. Die unruhen in Babylon. — Erste vertheilung der satrapien. Ueber die wirren in Babylon unmittelbar nacb Alexanders tode haben wir einen ausführlichen bericht nur von Curtius (X 6—10) und Justin (XIII 1—4). Vergleicht man zunächst die ansichten und vorschlage der feldherrn über die thronfolg·e, so stellt sich ein merkwürdiges verhältniss heraus. Uebergangen sind bei Justin Nearclius, Aristonus und Python. Was Justin ferner unter Melea- gers namen anführt, findet sich bei Curtius zum theil als Ptole- maeus ansiebt, zum theil als die Nearcbs. Es kommt hinzu, dass Meleagers worte bei Justin einen innereu Widerspruch tragen. Denn zuerst eifert Meleager ganz wie Nearclius bei Curtius dagegen, dass man auf einen könig warten solle, der erst noch geboren werden müsse, obgleich doch thronerben da wären *). Er stellt es dann frei, den söhn der Barsine, wie Nearclius bei Curtius, oder Arrhidaeus zu wählen. Weiterhin führt Meleager bei Justin als 1) JustÌD 2, 6 ñeque expectandum dum reges nascerentur, cum iam genitis uti licer et. Curt. 6, 11 expectari nondum ortum regem et qui iam sit, praeter iri, nec animis Macedonum convenire nec tempori rerum. Brought to you by | Brown University Rockefeller Library Authenticated | 128.148.252.35 Download Date | 6/12/14 11:56 PM Zur zeit der Diadoclieu. 489 jrruud zur Verwerfung des solines der Roxane seine persische ab- kunft an, oline dabei zu bedenken, dass dieser grund ebenso gegen den sobn der Barsine spricht. Bei Curtius dagegen folgt die rede des Ptolemaeus; dieser verwirft richtig beide, sowohl den söhn der Roxane als den der Barsine, der persischen abkunft wegen 2). Hieraus folgt unzweifelhaft, dass Justin zwei reden in eine zusam- mengezogen hat; zugleich aber auch, dass man aus dieser differenz beider autoren noch nicht auf verschiedene quellen scbliessen darf. Es liegt eben nur eine bei Justin nicht ungewöhnliche confusion vor. Hiervon abgesehen finden sich zwischen Justin und Curtius folgende differenzen : 1) nach Curtius (6, 9) ist Roxane bei Alexanders tode im sechsten, nach Justin (2, 5) im achten mooat der Schwangerschaft ; 2) Meleager tritt bei Curtius unter heftigem protest gegen die wähl des Perdikkas ab und geht offen zu den phalangiten über (6, 20—24) ; bei Justin dagegen wird derselbe mit Attalus von den rittern abgesandt, um die phalangiten zu besänftigen, und bei dieser gelegenheit verrathen beide die sache der ritter (3, 2). Es kommt hinzu, dass in diesem punkte Diodor genau mit Justin übereinstimmt 3), wodurch diese differenz entscheidend wird. 3) Nach Curtius 8, 2 ff. will Meleager den Perdikkas ermorden lassen, während bei Justin 3, 7 diese absieht Attalus zugeschrieben wird. Es ist überhaupt zu bemerken, dass Attalus bei Curtius gar nicht genannt wird. 4) Nach Just. 4, 1 geht Perdikkas aus freiem antrieb in die Versammlung der phalangiten und bewirkt daselbst durch die macht seiner rede, dass diese ihn zum führer wählen. Abgesehen von der unWahrscheinlichkeit dieser nachricht ist dieselbe auch sonst den übrigen berichten widersprechend. Denn bei Curtius werden zwei- mal gesandte von den phalangiten zu den rittern geschickt, bevor 2) Curt. 6, 14 est cur Persas vicerimus ut stirpi eorum serviamus; Justin 2, 9 Roxcmen esse originis Persicele, nec esse fas ut Macedotiibus ex sanguine eorum, quorum regna delerint, reges constituantur. 3) Mail vergleiche auch die ausdrücke Just. 3, 2, 11 legatos ad mitigandos eorum ánimos duos exproceribus, Attaium et Meleagrum, mittunt, qui potentiam ex vulgi adulatione quaerentes oinissa lega- tione rnilitibus consentiunt mit Diod. 2, 2 πρέσβεις άπίΰταλαν προς τους η€ζονς ix των αξίωμα Ιχ όντων άνάρων της μίν πρ(- αβίίας ο ύ de μ ία ς Ιποιήσαντο μνίίαν, τουναντίον â' ίπαινίαας αυ- τούς κτί. Brought to you by | Brown University Rockefeller Library Authenticated | 128.148.252.35 Download Date | 6/12/14 11:56 PM 490 Zur zeit der Diadocben. eine einiguug erfolgt 4). Ks liegt Iiier jedenfalls wieder eine Ver- wirrung· von Seiten Justins vor; was er aber zusammengeworfen hat, wem besonders die rede ursprünglich angehört, die er Per- dikkas halten lässt, ist freilich nicht mehr zu ermitteln. 5) Nach Justin (4, 7) veranstaltet Perdikkas die lustration plötzlich ohne wissen Meleagers, während Curtius gerade das ge- gentheil berichtet5). 6) Die bei der lustration ergriffenen phalangiten werden nach Curtius 9, 18 angesichts des ganzen heeres von den elephanten zer- treten , während Justin bemerkt seditiosos sitpplicio tradì occulte itibet (4, 9). Zieht man occulte zu tradì, so ist die differenz evi- dent ; aber auch zu iubet gezogen widerspricht es Curtius angaben. Denn letzterer berichtet bei der ergreifung der rädelsfiihrer, Per- dikkas habe gedroht, mit der gesummten reiterei und den ele- phanten über die phalangiten herzufallen, wenn sie die auslieferung der schuldigen verweigerten. Damit ist jedes occulte iubere aus- geschlossen. Wenn nun auch mancherlei von diesen differenzen von Justins nachlässiger art zu arbeiten herrührt, so viel wird jedenfalls übrig bleiben, dass man Verschiedenheit der quellen bei Justin und Curtius constatiren kann. Es fragt sich jetzt, wie sich die nachrichten der übrigen schriftsteller hierzu verhalten. Erwähnt ist schon, dass Diodor (2, 2—3) Meleagers Übergang zu den phalangiten in derselben weise wie Justin erzählt; damit ist aber auch schou ent- schieden, dass Diodor einer andern quelle als Curtius gefolgt ist. Auch Meleagers tod berichtet er anders als Curtius ; denn nach diesem (9, 21) wird Meleager bald nach der lustration in einem tempel ermordet. Es scheint also nach diesem berichte keine be- sondere anklage gegen Meleager eingeleitet zu sein, während dies nach Diodor geschieht6). Indes ist nichts dagegen zu sagen, wenn mau wie Droysen (p. 35 anm.) beide berichte vereinigt. Die Verhandlungen und die Streitigkeiten bei der königswahl hat Diodor sehr kurz zusammengefasst : bei der schliesslichen lö- sung aber bemerkt er: oí %UQIÍSTUTOI των άνάρώY ΐπειΰαν αυτούς 4) Dasselbe sagt auch Phot. Β fir* <?ιαπρ(αβ(ύοντ(η προς άίίήίονς ποΧΧάχις χαί τέΧος αυμβαίνουαι. 5) Justin 4, 7 repente ignaro collega. Curt. 9, 11 communi Consilio. 6) Perdikkas ίπιλαβύμίνος οίχίίας άιαβοΧης χαί χατηγορίας ώς (πι- βουΧην χατ ο,ντον ταπαιημένυν Ixókaae. Brought to you by | Brown University Rockefeller Library Authenticated | 128.148.252.35 Download Date | 6/12/14 11:56 PM Zur zeit der Diadocheu. 491 ομονοηβαί· Hiermit ist Plut. Bum. 3 zu vergleichen. Dort wird nämlich erzählt, dass Eumenes, als die andern ritter Babylon ver- liessen, in der stadt geblieben sei und vermittelungsversuclie ge- macht habe7). Somit wird Diodor unter den χαριίΰτατοι vorzüg- lich Eumenes verstanden haben. Der auszug aus Arrian endlich berichtet nur von Verhandlungen. Das résultat ist demnach zunächst folgendes. Die kurzen nachrichten bei Diodor, Arrian und Plutarch können auf dieselbe quelle zurückgeführt werden ; Curtius dagegen hat eine andere benutzt als Diodor und Justin. Fraglich bleibt, ob Diodor und Justin aus derselben quelle geschöpft haben; in einem punkte stehen beide gemeinsam Curtius gegenüber, ein anderer, der Zeitpunkt der lustration, trennt sie. In letzterem aber weicht Diodor, wie schon gesagt, nicht nur von Justin und Arrian, sondern auch von Curtius ab. Man wird also hier eine nachlässigkeit Diodors annehmen müssen. Entschieden kann die frage über Justins quelle hier noch nicht werden ; Curtius dagegen mag in diesem abschnitte eine quelle benutzt haben, der er schon im leben Alexanders folgte und die bis zur vertheilung der satrapien reichte. Denn er hätte ja auch mit Alexanders tode schliessen können8). 7) 'Εηράϋνε πολλούς των πιζων xctl προς τάς Λαλναιις ηάίους Ιποίηβιν. 8) Droysen hat seine darstëllung dieser ereignisse in Babylon aus Curtius und Justin zusammengestellt, aber mit bevorzugung des er- steren. So folgt er in der wichtigen differenz über den übertritt Meleagers zu den phalangiten Curtius. Ob mit recht oder unrecht, ist erst dann zu entscheiden, wenn man weiss, wessen quelle die bessere ist. Entschieden falsch aber ist Droysens verfahren, wenn er die Überlieferung Justins als in sich unglaubhaft darzustellen sucht. P. 25, anm. 11 : „ dies scheint mir minder glaublich ; die versam- melten würden gewiss zu solcher mission jemanden gewählt haben, auf dessen treue sie sich mehr verlassen konnten". Nach dem, was Meleager bei Justin sagt, konnten die feldherrn nicht mehr miss- trauen gegen ihn hegen, als gegen jeden andern, dessen meinung überstimmt war. Die versammelten mögen ihn aber abgesandt haben, weil er bei den phalangiten beliebt war. Wäre Kraterus zugegen gewesen, so würden sie wahrscheinlich ihn geschickt haben. Es kommt hinzu, dass Meleagers rede bei Justin einen Widerspruch in sich bat, während die art und weise seines Überganges zu den pha- langiten durch Diodors bericht gestützt wird. Also in der rede Me- leagers hätte Droysen den Widerspruch suchen, aber nicht Meleagers übertritt, der in derselben weise auch anderweitig feststeht, durch jenes frühere, sich selbst widersprechende widerlegen sollen. Freilich giebt Curtius bericht mehr gelegenheit zu einer effectvollen darstël- lung; und dieser umstand scheint nicht ohne einfluss auf die auswahl Brought to you by | Brown University Rockefeller Library Authenticated | 128.148.252.35 Download Date | 6/12/14 11:56 PM 492 Zur zeit der Diadochen. Uebereinstimmend dagegen haben Justin und Curtius einen punkt, den die übrigen
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