XIX INQUA Congress, Zaragoza (Spain) - 2015

XIX INQUA CONGRESS – 2015, SPAIN FRONTIERS IN QUATERNARY

The strategic location of the Iberian Peninsula makes of it an exceptional location for an International Quaternary Congress. Spain can be envisaged as a cultural bridge between Africa and Europe, playing for sure an important role in human evolution; but also it constitutes an essential link between Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, acting as a climatic threshold for all land ocean interactions. This role of borderline between different continents and water masses is what we want to stress as the key point for the Spanish bid.

VENUE The proposed venue for the XIX INQUA Congress is the city of Zaragoza, which has hosted many of the International Congresses organized in Spain in the last years. Capital of Aragón and the most important city in the Ebro Valley (600.000 inhabitants), Zaragoza lies 200 metres above sea level, occupying the alluvial terraces of the great peninsular river and part of the lower valleys of its tributaries, the Rivers Gállego and Huerva. The climate is Mediterranean-Continental and arid.

DATES July 27th – August 2nd , 2015

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LOCAL ORGANISING COMMITTEE (LOC)

Chair: Blas Valero Garcés Vice-Chair: Gerardo Benito Honorary Chair: Emiliano Aguirre

Local Committee: José María García Ruiz Penélope González Samperiz Francisco Gutiérrez Santolalla Mateo Gutiérrez Elorza Ana Moreno Caballud Jose Luis Peña Monne Carlos Sancho

Scientific Program coordinators: Teresa Bardají Isabel Cacho Yolanda Fernández Jalvo José Luis Goy Alfredo Pérez González Lothar Schulte Pablo G. Silva Cari Zazo

CONGRESS THEME AND LOGO

The chosen theme for the Congress, FRONTIERS IN QUATERNARY, pretends to highlight the frontier character of the Iberian Peninsula between two different continents and seas. This strategic location has played a decisive role in human evolution and climate during the Quaternary and this is what the designed logo intends to represent: two blue water masses, two brown continents, and the Iberian Peninsula reshaped as an evolving human skull.

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SCIENCE PROGRAMME

The preliminary program is presented here with an approximate outline of the time table. Most of the morning time will be devoted to oral presentations; however attendants will be encouraged to present their contributions in poster format. Specific poster sessions will be scheduled everyday not coinciding with the oral sessions. Chairs of poster sessions will be encouraged to promote brief presentations from the authors. Special attention will be paid to plenary sessions dealing with the most outstanding themes related to Quaternary, and especially to Iberian case issues.

1RS 2ND DAY 3TH DAY 4TH DAY 5TH 6TH DAY 7TH DAY 8TH DAY 9TH DAY DAY DAY 08.00 Registration Registration Registration Registration Registration Registration (08.00-18.00) (08.00-18.00) (08.00-18.00) (08.00-18.00) (08.00-18.00) (08.00-18.00) 08.15 Oral Oral Oral Oral Oral 09.15 General presentations presentations presentations presentations presentations 10.15 Assembly I Coffee break Coffee break Coffee break Coffee break Coffee break 10.30 Oral Oral Oral Oral Oral presentations presentations presentations presentations presentations 11.15 Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary 13.00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch 14.30 Poster Poster Poster Poster Poster Poster sessions session session session session session 15.30 Coffee break Coffee break Coffee break Coffee break Coffee break Coffee break 16.00 Oral Oral Oral Oral Oral General presentations presentations presentations presentations presentations Assembly II 18.00 Break Break Break Break 18.30 Welcome Commission Commission Commission reception meetings meetings meetings 19.00 Congress dinner

to Madrid and arrival excursions Pre-congress excursion Mid-Congress Post-congress-excursions

The International Council will be stated after advice of the Executive Board, preferably after most Commission Meetings have taking place.

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FIELD TRIP PROGRAM Several field trips have been preliminary chosen to showcase the most outstanding Quaternary sites in the Iberian Peninsula, especially those unique and of worldwide interest. Some significant examples of these are for instance those field trips related to Human Evolution (Gibraltar, Atapuerca) or to Palaeolithic Cave Art (Cantabria). Other field trips have been proposed to cover different aspects related to the Quaternary not only in Spain, but also in neighbouring countries such as Portugal, Morocco or Tunis.

Although some of these excursions will have to take place before the congress due to their longer distance to Zaragoza, the precise allocation of the rest of field trips will not be decided until the final organization of the Congress.

A number of 1-day intra-congress excursions have been also planned in order to visit some of the most interesting Quaternary sites close to Zaragoza.

Pre-Congress Excursions

Field trip A.1 Title: Holocene Volcanism in the Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain) Leaders: Francisco Pérez Torrado (ULPGC, Spain); Alejandro Rodríguez Santana (ULPGC, Spain) Summary: Field-Trip focused in the Holocene volcanic centers, phreatomagmatic eruptions and intra canyons lava flows. Ancient Pleistocene tsunami events and lava-littoral sediments interactions can be included in this proposal

Field trip A.2 Title: Quaternary and Historical Volcanic activity in the Tenerife Island (Canary Islands, Spain) Leaders: Juan C. Carracedo (CISC, Tenerife, Spain). Summary: Field-Trip focused in the Quaternary activity of the El Teide Stratovolcano and lateral vents; Pleistocene to historical events and volcanic risk

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Field trip A.3 Title: Geoarcheology of the Early-Middle Pleistocene sites of Ambrona –Torralba and Atapuerca. A multidisciplinary view of early humans in Western Europe and Iberian Acheulan. Leaders: Alfredo Pérez González (CENIEH, Spain) and Manuel Santonja (CENIEH, Spain) .

Pre- Post- Congress Excursions

Field trip B.1 Title: Fluvial tufa, slope deposits and paleosols to understand river response to environmental changes in the middle and lower River Aguas catchment, southeastern Iberian Peninsula Leaders: Lothar Schulte (UB, Spain), Ramon Julià (CSIC, Spain), Francesc Burjachs (ICREA, Spain) Summary: A Quaternary soil chronosequence of the Aguas river terrace has been established, and it seems to be typical for the Vera basin. The chronology of the fluvial sequence of 15 geomorphological units was determined by geomorphologic and sedimentologic criteria, OSL, 14C, 210Pb, U/Th disequilibrium dating and artifacts. Fluvial archives, tufa and slope deposits provide sensitive resolution records of environmental changes in the River Aguas basin during the last 170 kyr. From the chronostratigraphic data sets we have established a model of Late Pleistocene river response for littoral basins on the southern Iberian Peninsula. Regarding the three mechanisms of Pleistocene river dynamics in middle-size catchment areas of the littoral region of southeastern Spain, our results support the hypothesis that large scale tectonics triggered the general downcutting trend, whereas the main aggradation and incision phases occurred during periods of major sea-level changes. Over short-time scales the influence of climate variability, as documented by pollen records, plays a decisive role.

Field trip B.2 Title: Active Tectonics and ground effects of historic and paleo-earthquakes in South Spain (Betic Cordillera). Leaders: Pablo G. Silva* (Univ. Salamanca, Spain); Pedro Alfaro (Univ. Alicante, Spain); Eulalia Massana (Univ. Barcelona, Spain); José J. Martínez-Díaz (Univ. Complutense Madrid, Spain; Teresa Bardají (Univ. Alcalá, Spain); Francisco J. García-Tortosa (Univ. Jaén, Spain). Summary: South–North transect of the Alpine Betic Cordillera, illustrating the main Quaternary active fault systems, tectonic geomorphology, paleoseismological research (available fault- Trenches) and archaeoseismological research on Earthquake Ground Effects.

Field trip B.3 Title: MIS 3 Human occupation and environment along the Gibraltar Corridor Leaders: Joaquín Rodríguez-Vidal (University of Huelva, Spain) and Clive Finlayson (The Gibraltar Museum, UK) Summary: This field-trip is about the importance of the coastal zone in human evolution, with particular emphasis on the distinctive environmental history of a region that lies on the boundary between Africa and Europe, and between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. New studies on the both South Iberia-Gibraltar Caves and North Africa shelters also coincide with renewed interest in other parts of the world in the role of coastal environments in human evolution and dispersal, a growing realisation that they have been neglected or discounted in existing accounts, not least because most of the relevant evidence (~90% in Pleistocene times) is now submerged on the sea bed, and a recognition that coastal environments may have acted both as important population refugia and as primary corridors of population dispersal between and within continents.

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Field trip B.4 Title: Human Evolution at the Southernmost part of the Iberian Peninsula: Guadix-Baza and Gibraltar. Leaders: Robert Sala ((IPHES, Spain) IPHES=Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Socia), Clive Finlayson (The Gibraltar Museum, UK) Summary: We are facing two crucial moments in the life history of humans at the most western part of Europe and the southernmost part of Iberian Peninsula: Giadix-Baza and Gibraltar. Guadix-Baza yielded the earliest evidence of humans already in Europe. Gibraltar corresponds to the latest evidence of our closest relatives, the Neanderthals, just before extinction. Guadix-Baza was inhabited by the first inhabitants of the Peninsula. Humans that abandoned Africa and migrated to Europe and Asia, kept strong similarities of lithic techniques and living behaviours with their African ancestors, but also evolved in creating new techniques and having new strategies to adapt to the new European environments and climates. Gibraltar seashore environments witnessed the last Neanderthals and the shift to Homo sapiens. Neanderthals were evolving in a rich ecosystem where different food and raw material sources were available. Neanderthals knew about reproductive seasons of seals, areas to recover dead but still useful animals from the sea, and hunt continental animals from the size of horses to the small game. How was the transition between Neanderthals and H.sapiens? Could Neanderthals cross the straight?

Field trip B.5 Title: Glacial Morphology and chronology of the Last Glaciation in the Spanish Central System. Leaders: Javier de Pedraza (UCM, Spain), Rosa M. Carrasco (UCLM, Spain), David Domínguez- Villar (UAH, Spain) and M. Blanca Ruiz-Zapata (UAH, Spain) Summary: The most significant paleo-glaciers in the Guadarrama, Gredos and Béjar mountains will be visited. The goal is to observe glacial landscapes, morphologies and deposits and discussing concerns related to: glaciation characteristic, typology, dynamics and volume of ice masses, sequence and timing of evolutionary processes. As an option, we can visit the Eagle Caves and discuss about the regional paleoclimate and glaciation by using the series based in speleothems studies.

Field trip B.6 Title: In the origins of human symbolism: Paleolithic Cave Art in Cantabria. Leaders: Marcos García Diez (UPV, Spain) and Daniel Garrido Pimentel (Cantabria Government, Spain). Summary: Cantabrian Paleolithic Cave Art is the first evidence of symbolic behavior of human groups. The paintings and engravings are the first evidence of humanity's artistic with a timeline between 35,000 and 10,000 years. For its uniqueness and universality, Altamira, El Castillo, Las Monedas, El Pendo and Covalanas have been registered in the World Heritage List of UNESCO in 2008. In addition, archaeological sites contain important stratigraphic and cultural Pleistocene sequences of Homo sapiens populations in Europe.

Field trip B.7 Title: Geomorphology and Late Pleistocene paleoclimatic records in NW Spain (Cantabrian Mountains and Coast) Leaders: Montserrat Jiménez Sánchez (Universidad de Oviedo, Spain); Heather Stoll (Universidad de Oviedo, Spain); María José Domínguez Cuesta(Universidad de Oviedo, Spain); Ana Moreno (IPE, CSIC) Summary: Recent geomorphologic and palaeoclimatic advances in the Quaternary research of the Cantabrian Area (NW Spain) have shown interesting palaeoclimatic records derived from karst and glacial landscapes. The aim of this field trip is to visit two significative areas from the

6 XIX INQUA Congress, Zaragoza (Spain) - 2015 paleoclimatic and geomorphologic point of view: the Western Massif of Picos de Europa (Cantabrian Mountains) and the Pindal Cave (Cantabrian Coast). In the first one, the integration of geochemical, sedimentologic and radiometric data from a lacustrine record together with geomorphologic mapping, has allowed the reconstruction of an early deglaciation model after LGM, with the beginning of glacial retreat before 38 ka. In the second one, the combination of geomorphologic and geochronologic data allowed us to reconstruct a model for cave evolution in the coastal area, while geochemical and geochronological data from a stalagmite provides one of the first palaeoclimatic detailed records from the last 28 ka in the North of Spain.

Field trip B.8 Title: Quaternary karstic lakes in the Pre-Pyrenees: paleoclimate and environmental reconstructions from the Estanya and Montcortés sequences. Leaders: Blas Valero Garcés (IPE, Spain), Ana Moreno (IPE, Spain), Penélope González Sampériz (IPE, Spain), Mario Morellón (IPE, Spain), Pablo Corella (IPE, Spain) Summary: In this field trip we will visit the watershed of two karstic basins in the Pre-Pyrenees that contain long sedimentary sequences. Detailed pluridisciplinar studies of cores allowed the reconstruction of the lake basins depositional evolution for the last 20000 years (Estanya) and the Holocene (Montcortés). Inferred hydrological changes provide a reconstruction of past climate changes in the region. Changes in depositional evolution indicate a strong human impact during the last millennium.

Spain – Portugal Field Trips:

Field trip B.9 Title: Spanish-Portuguese transect of the Tagus Quaternary River-valley: Geoarchaeology and Paleo-floods. Leaders: Pedro Proença Cunha (Univ. Coimbra, Portugal); Pablo G. Silva (Univ Salamanca, Spain); Gerardo Benito (CSIC, Spain); Antonio Martins (Univ. Evora, Portugal) Summary: Transect from the inland Neogene Madrid Basin to the Tagus river outlet in Lisbon (Portugal) illustrating the main outcrops of Pleistocene fluvial terraces, chronological and geoarcheological implications from dated sequences in Spain and Portugal, as well as examples of the record of Holocene to Historical large paleo-floods events

Field trip B.10 Title: Quaternary morpho-sedimentary evolution of the southern coasts of Spain and Portugal. Leaders: C. Zazo (MNCN-CSIC, Madrid, Spain), T. Boski , D. Moura (University of Algarve, Portugal), J.L.Goy (University of Salamanca, Spain), C. J. Dabrio (University Complutense, Madrid, Spain), J. Lario, A.Cabero (UNED Madrid, Spain). Summary: A field trip focused on sedimentation and later geomorphologic evolution of marine, terrestrial and transitional Pleistocene deposits, Holocene filling of estuaries, sedimentation and growth of barrier islands and spit bars, and effects of historical tsunamis and extreme wave events along the coast.

Northern Africa Field Trips

Field trip B.11 Title: Human Evolution at the Moroccan region of Temara region (El Harhoura 2 and El Mnasra) Leaders: R. Nespoulet (MNHN, Paris), C.Denys (MNHN, Paris) and M.A. El Hajraoui (Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine, Morocco) Summary: In terms of Human evolution, the Northwest African fossils suggest a gradual evolution of Homo sapiens over a period of 160,000 years. The Temara region has yielded

7 XIX INQUA Congress, Zaragoza (Spain) - 2015 human bones, tools and other remains that represent an intermediate phase of this continuum. In terms of cultural evolution, the complex issue of the appearance and development of the modern human behaviour is directly linked with the human adaptation to the environment. Was the modern behaviour influenced by climate change? And for recent periods, did modern humans have a strong influence on the environment?

Field trip B.12 Title: The Last Interglacial in Tunisia: Climate and sea level evolution. Leaders: Ameur Oueslati (Univ. Tunisia, Tunis), Teresa Bardají (Univ. Alcalá, Spain) et al. Summary: Classical and new sites from the coastal sector of the Sahel and the Island of Djerba will be visited, analysing the different sedimentary units from Last Interglacial and their evolution in the Western Mediterranean context.

One Day Intra-congress Field Trips

Title: Climate and vegetation dynamics in the Central Spanish Pyrenees since the LGM: the lake records from the Upper Gállego River valley. Leaders: Penélope González Sampériz (IPE, Spain), Blas Valero Garcés (IPE, Spain), Ana Moreno (IPE, Spain), Carlos Martí (IPE, Spain), José Maria García Ruiz (IPE, Zaragoza) Summary: The glacial lakes in the Upper Gállego valley record the environmental history of the valley since the early deglaciation ( > 35000 yrs ago). The vegetation history documents the synchroneity with the main climate events in the Atlantic.

Title: The evolution of the Central Ebro Valley Saline lakes Leaders: Blas Valero Garcés (IPE, Spain), Ana Moreno (IPE, Spain), Penélope González Sampériz (IPE, Spain), Francho Gutierrez (Univ. Zaragoza, Spain) Summary: Saline lakes in the central Ebro valley are unique ecosystems and landscape in Europe. The lakes were originated in the Upper Pleistocene and contain a fragmentary but unique record of past hydrological, climate and human changes in the region. Recent and future changes in semi-arid landscapes will be discussed as future plans for irrigation in the area.

Title: Climate, vegetation dynamics and human impact in NW Ebro Basin during the last 2000 years: The Arreo Lake record

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Leaders: Pablo Corella (IPE, Spain), Blas Valero Garcés (IPE, Spain), Ana Moreno (IPE, Spain), Penélope González Sampériz (IPE, Spain) Summary:The Arreo Lake sequence documents the interrelation of the human activities in the watershed due to the exploitation of the Salinas de Añana since Roman times and climate variability. The field trip includes a visit to the unique salt mining facilities and the Museum.

Title: A window to the climate of past interglacials: Grutas de Cristal (Molinos, Teruel) Leaders: Ana Moreno(IPE, Spain), Carlos Sancho (Uni. Zaragoza, Spain) Summary: The cave Grutas de Cristal is the only touristic cave in the Teruel province and constitutes a wonderful day-visit to discover its spectacular scenery of stalagmites and stalactites. The monitoring conducted there for several years offers a unique opportunity to understand the karstic processes and the present-day impact of visitors. We will discuss the paleoclimate records from the Holocene and MIS5 obtained from speleothems in that cave.

Title: Between the Eemian and the Holocene: El Cañizar de Villarquemado palaeolake (Teruel) Leaders: Penélope González-Sampériz (IPE, Spain), Graciela Gil-Romera (IPE, Spain), Eduardo García-Prieto (IPE, Spain), Josu Aranbarri (IPE, Spain), Blas Valero-Garcés (IPE, Spain), Ana Moreno (IPE, Spain) Summary: The longest palaeoenvironmental sequence from NE Spain comes from a big lacustrine basin, mostly dessicated for cultives but with a little but really interesting restaured area. We can imagine during one day, how was the thrue aspect of this current harsh and continental area along the last 120,000 years, showing its interesting evolution since the Eemian to the Holocene in terms of vegetation changes, palaeohydrological evolution and, therefore, millenial-scale climate variability and abrupt changes.

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CONGRESS SPACE

Zaragoza is provided with a well developed infrastructure for organising conventions in this venue. The city offers a wide range of congress centres, of differing capacity, characteristics and equipment, both privately and publicly owned. Depending on the requirements for a particular event, whether small conferences or big conventions, the different congress centres are provided with inimitable technical services and well-qualified professionals. The following table shows all the options on offer in Zaragoza:

CONGRESS CENTRES IN ZARAGOZA Capacity

Auditorio-Palacio de Congresos de Zaragoza 30-2000

Edificio Paraninfo 100-350 Centro de Congresos CAI 50-416 People Cámara Oficial de Comercio e Industria 24-516 People Centro Politécnico Superior 64-714 People

Facultad de Medicina 20-475 People Facultad de Veterinaria 80-380 People Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón 30-170 People Instituto de
ormación Empresarial Martínez 18-450 People

Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y 385 People

Facultad de Ciencias 100-400 Facultad de Derecho 364 People Edificio Pignatelli – Seat of Aragonese 90-300 People

Auditorio Condes de Barcelona 600 People

It’s also important to mention that the President of PCO’s Spain and AFE (Asociación Española de Ferias – Spanish Trade Fair Association) are both companies settled in Zaragoza.

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Auditorium - Palace of Congresses

The Complex formed by the Zaragoza´s Auditorium-Congress Palace and Multipurpose Hall, is a facility of big versatility and it offers many options for use in congresses and conventions. It is located in a service area of the city where the Chamber of Commerce, several Town Hall offices, sports facilities and hospitals can be found.

This complex, built on 22,739 m2, has the following installations:

I. Mozart Hall. General Information  Seating capacity: 2.000 people  Surface area: 1800 m2  Stage: 340 m2

Equipment for Congresses  Simultaneous translation by means of infra-red rays  Sound and audio-video recording equipment and control.  Hall to hall interconnection of audio and video transmissions

II. Luis Galve Hall. General Information  Seating capacity: 429 people  Surface area: 420 m2  Stage: 120 m2

Equipment For Congresses  Simultaneous translation by means of infra-red rays  Sound and audio-video recording equipment and control.  Hall to hall interconnection of audio and video transmissions

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III. Mariano Gracia Hall. General Information  Seating capacity: 429 people  Surface area: 420 m2  Stage: 120 m2  Equipment For Congresses  Simultaneous translation by means of infra-red rays  Projection screen.  Hall to hall interconnection of audio and video transmissions

IV. Hypostyle Hall. 3,800 m2 suitable for exhibitions, stands, product presentations, rest areas, etc. General Information  Lobby: 3,800 m2  Cafeteria  Pre-organizers room: 90 m2  Storage facilities: 600 m2  Congress administration: o Co-ordinating Office o Meeting rooms

V. 10 rooms (which can be adapted and converted for committees and conferences).Seating capacity: 10 to 100.

VI. Multipurpose Hall.

General Information

 Lobby: 360 m2  Surface area of hall: 2.215 m2  Stage: 425 m2  Capacity: 6,500 (standing), 2,500 (seated).  Storage facilities: 140 m2  Press room  Offices

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VII. Video-Conference Hall. All of the halls have interpreting facilities, public address systems, audio-video recording equipment, closed circuit television, video presenter, LCD projection screens and separate sound control.

These installations with their versatile characteristics are unique in our country and among the best in Europe, offering outstanding facilities for conferences, the enjoyment of music, for communication, art, interchange and shows. This is a complex which has been equipped with the most up to date technologies, at the service of culture and where culture can be experienced in all of its intensity, with all five senses.

ACCOMMODATION IN ZARAGOZA

Zaragoza boasts a hotel industry which offers a varied accommodation, as well as a high degree of professionalism and a wide experience in welcoming people. With its important position as a crossroads in Spanish communications, and as a conference venue, Zaragoza is used to welcoming guests from the cultural, business, scientific and academic worlds.

There are hotels whose history is as lively as their decor, suitable for the most discerning clientele, together with new hotels built on historic sites. The former are establishments which compete with modern hotels, endowed as they are with the technological advances and perfection of computerised systems. The excellent price/quality ratio of accommodation complements Zaragoza's competitiveness as a conference venue. There are various categories available for visitors to Zaragoza:

Accommodation capacity

Category Hotels Rooms Beds ***** 5 1.091 2.154 **** 16 2.072 4.231 *** 23 1.508 2.592 ** 9 505 1.090 * 4 179 338 Total 57 5.355 10.405

ESTIMATED COSTS - BUDGET

This is an estimated quotation based on prices referred 2011. It is also based on a participation of 4000 people, VAT included. Several items could be not included, as a small gift for the participants, the tourist visits to the city, so the estimated cost could be further reduced. The superavit would be applied to lower the registration rate and to provide financial aid to students.

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EXPENSES RESUME RESUME VENUE 295000 AUDIOVISUALS 62850 COFFEE BREAKS 422400 WEB SITE 5000 DOCUMENTATION 52540 PRESENTS 40000 GALA DINNER 173600 PRESS OFFICE 3500 SIGNAGE 6430 POSTERS 3300 PRINTING 13500 ACCREDITATIONS 4000 HOSTESS 24500 TOURISTIC VISITS 12150 ACCOMMODATION AND TRAVEL FOR SPEAKERS 63800 OFFICIAL TRANSFERS (Congress Palace) 72800 OTHER EXPENSES 90000 ORGANIZATION EXPENSES 68000

TOTAL EXPENSES 1413370

EXPECTED INCOME SPEAKERS /INVITED PERSONS (40, free) GENERAL PARTICIPANTS (4000 x 450 per person) 1800000 GALA DINNER (2800 @ 62 per person) 173600

TOTAL INCOME 1973600

Expected Result 560230

COMMUNICATION The pleasant and welcoming city of Zaragoza has a transport and communications infrastructure responding to the demand generated by such a city.

Zaragoza boasts an airport, which is situated just 10 km away from the city centre and connects Zaragoza with various Spanish cities, such as Madrid, Barcelona, Palma de Mallorca and Santa Cruz de Tenerife, with regular flights to European cities such as London, Lisbon, Paris, Rome, Milan or Frankfurt.

With regard to railway communications, Zaragoza's location has meant, over time, that the city is a major link in the Peninsula's rail network. The Zaragoza-Delicias railway station is one of the largest in the country and provides communication to almost every principal point in the Country.

The High Speed Train links Zaragoza to Madrid in one hour fifteen minutes and an hour and a half with Barcelona. Moreover coach lines are connected with train lines as they share the same station which enhances still more the condition of the city as a valuable communication knot. Because Madrid and Barcelona are just over an hour away by High Speed Train from Zaragoza, the city also profits from their international airports (Barajas & El Prat).

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As far as road communication is concerned, Zaragoza plays a major role in the Spanish road network. Zaragoza is connected by motorway with Bilbao, Valencia, and Barcelona as well as with Madrid.

The motorway to Madrid will link with a future motorway from Somport to Sagunto (some parts of which are already finished). This new motorway is meant to be an important link between Valencia and the French road network via the Aragonese Pyrenees, which will provide Zaragoza with an excellent infrastructure. This road network makes private and public travelling easier. There are countless bus routes connecting the city with almost every city in the peninsula and with the most important cities in various European countries, including the Czech Republic and Poland, as well as in North Africa, for instance Morocco.

This wide range of communication networks is a vital factor for a city with excellent conditions. Added to its air, rail and road communications there is a wide range of media communications: several local television stations including one for the whole Aragón, correspondents for major newspapers, national radio and television stations and a modern Press Centre.

Zaragoza by Road and Highway Highways: A-2 Zaragoza-Barcelona & A-68 Zaragoza-Bilbao Road Network  N-II Madrid-Zaragoza-Barcelona  N-330 Zaragoza-Valencia  N-232 Santander-Logroño-Zaragoza-Vinaroz  N-330 Zaragoza-Teruel

Bus Station Estación Central de Autobuses de Zaragoza Estación Zaragoza Delicias - Rioja, 33 Teléfono: 902 49 06 90 www.estacion-zaragoza.es & [email protected]

Airport Address: Ctra. Del Aeropuerto, s/n. Situted 10 km from the city center. Tlf. 00 34 976 712 300

Information and reservations:  AENA: 976 349 050 - www.aena.es  AIR EUROPA: 902 401 501 - www.air-europa.com  IBERIA: 902 400 500 - www.iberia.com  AIR NOSTRUM: www.airnostrum.es

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 RYANAIR . www.ryanair.com.

Airport Bus. Agreda Automovil. Station Zaragoza Delicias. 25 minutes aprox.

By Train Railway Station Zaragoza Delicias. Address: Avda. de Navarra, 80 by the Commercial centre Augusta. There are bus connections right outside

More information  Permanent information: 902 240 202 – International: 902 24 34 02.  Trains from and to Madrid and Barcelona every 1h 30’ aprox. RENFE: www.renfe.es

VISAS

Citizens of the following countries do not need a visa to enter Spain: EU countries, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Liechtenstein, Malaysia, Mexico, Monaco, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Republic of Korea, San Marino, the Vatican, Singapore, Switzerland, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela.

However, please visit the following websites for further information on documentation required: Spanish tourism website: https://www.confmanager.com/ http://tinyurl.com/bwjs62

Ministry for the Interior: http://www.mir.es/SGACAVT/extranje/control_fronteras/documentos_entrada.html

Citizens of other countries should apply for a visa from the Spanish Consulate in their place of residence (List of Spanish Consulates)

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF ZARAGOZA

The Historic Capital of the Ebro Valley. The fame of Zaragoza began in the year 14 B.C. when the Romans established a settlement on the banks of the Ebro on the site of the fortified Iberian settlement of Salduie, the only traces of which are some coins in the Museum of Zaragoza.

Historically, Caesaraugusta was the focal point for the spreading of Roman culture, leading to the Romanisation of a great part of the Iberian Peninsula.

Its fortifications enabled it to become the defender of the Visigoth kingdom and it was a flourishing city when the arrival of the Moslems in 714 converted it into the capital of the Marca Superior (Upper Marches) of al-Andalus.

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In 1018 it became the capital of the first kingdom of the independent taifas in all al-Andalus and for a century it was an open city for all who sought refuge, welcoming intellectuals of all tendencies and religions, where art and culture blossomed as never before. In 1118 it was conquered by King Alfonso I of Aragón and became the capital of a young energetic kingdom, born scarcely a century before in the mountains of the Pyrenees. Subsequent monarchs enlarged it and conceded privileges and rights to its citizens which gave them a degree of freedom then unknown in feudal Europe.

Since then Zaragoza has consolidated its commercial upper hand, and increased its markets, holding prestigious trade fairs, and establishing a strong industry based on local products. It has been a pioneer in the process of modernising Spain. All this has meant that at the same time that it has preserved in its streets the beautiful palaces of a brilliant past, it has laid the foundations of a promising future and prepared itself to keep the central position which history, trade and geography have bestowed on it as the capital of the Ebro Basin.

Some traces of a brilliant past

Roman The Old City still has the octagonal form of a Roman city with the “cardo” and the “decumanus”, as well as other remains of Caesaraugusta.

Still on view are stretches of the wall, the Roman Theatre (begun in the era of Tiberius and one of the biggest in Hispania), important urban features in the museum of the Forum of Caesaraugusta, part of the River Port in the Plaza de San Bruno and the Baths of San Juan and San Pedro.

The Museum of Zaragoza is home to series of coins, ceramics, capitals, sculptures and, above all, beautiful mosaics.

Saragusta or Medina Albaida. Although Caesaraugusta by approximation became Saragusta or Sarakosta for the Moslems, it was also known as Medina Albaida, the White City.

During the latter part of the Moslem domination (11th C.) the wonderful Aljafería Palace, today the seat of the Aragonese Parliament, was constructed. Most notable are the courtyards of St. Isabel and St. Martin, the beautiful oratory with the horseshoe arch of the “mihrab” and the impressive multi-coloured panelled ceiling of the Throne Room.

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The Gothic Mudejar City The masterpiece of local Gothic architecture is the Cathedral of San Salvador (St Saviour) or La Seo, on the exterior of which the beautiful mudejar decoration of brick and tile on the north face of the “little parish of St Michael” and the upper part of the apses, invite our admiration, as do the Main Altarpiece, the dome, the Cathedral Treasury and the impressive Tapestry Museum, a jewel appreciated world wide, in the interior.

The churches of San Pablo, la Magdalena, San Miguel and San Gil, among others, are clearly Mudejar style.

“EL Pilar” The heart of devotion The most outstanding religious monument in Zaragoza is without doubt the Basilica of the Pilar, “El Pilar”. Built on the site of a primitive Mozarabic church, it is endowed with different styles in construction and ornamentation. Of particular note are the choir (with its exquisite choirstalls), the impressive Renaissance altarpiece in alabaster by Damien Forment, the Holy Chapel where the image of the Virgin is venerated, and the cupolas painted by Goya.

Renaissance, baroque and neo-classical Other religious monuments the visitor should see are the church of Santa Engracia (particularly the Renaissance facade and the crypt), the ancient Seminary of San Carlos (the beautiful baroque altarpiece) and the churches of Santiago, San Felipe, and Santa Cruz among others.

Examples of Aragonese Renaissance civil architecture are the palaces of the Condes de Morata, as well as the Pardo, Argillo, Sástago, Maestranza and Morlanes palaces.

Places you shouldn’t miss. The Caesaragusta Forum Museum. A permanent exhibition of the archaeological remains excavated in the Plaza de la Seo. They belong to a market from the times of Augustus and his successor Tiberius.

The Caesaraugusta Theatre Museum. The fundings of this large building from the time of Tiberius are the starting point for a trip to the Dramatic Art in Roman times as well as a reconstruction of the arqueollogical research held in that site.

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The Caesaraugusta Public baths Museum. Remains of some latrines, which were demolished to allow a large porticoed pool to be constructed.

The Cesaragusta River Forum Museum. Here are preserved the foundations of a large building which marked the north-east boundary of the Caesaraugusta Forum.

The Pablo Gargallo Museum, contains over a hundred works by this foremost Aragonese sculptor.

Museo de Zaragoza (Museum of Zaragoza). This building in the Plaza de los Sitios contains the Archaeological and Fine Arts sections. The Ethnological and Ceramics sections are in the Parque Primo de Rivera.

The Ibercaja Camón Aznar Museum. Contains the legacy of this illustrious Zaragozan academic.

(Pablo Gargallo Museum)

The Zaragoza’s Centre of History. Located in the former convent of San Agustin, this renewed building joins together a modern construction with baroque elements such as the bell tower and the façade, dated in the 17th Century. A wide view on the evolution of the city is shown in the permanent exhibition through last-technology, interactive devices.

Next to the Basilica, standing as magnificent guardians, are the Palacio de la Lonja (The Exchange Palace), the most important example of Renaissance civil architecture in Zaragoza, and the Puente de Piedra (The Stone Bridge).

The visitor should not miss the opportunity of admiring the work of a great modern sculptor at the Pablo Serrano Museum or the paintings by Francisco de Goya at the Ibercaja Building, which contains the Patio de la Infanta (The Princess’ Courtyard), a rare exemple of a Renaissance Patio.

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To relax and enjoy leisure activities, the visitor will have the chance of going to the Primo de Rivera Park, in a modern-built, well-communicated area. People of all ages join cultural activities, make sports or just stroll in this lively park, beautifully designed in the early years of the 20th Century.

Gastronomy in Zaragoza One of the city's major features is the variety of restaurants, rich in quality as well as in quantity. The culinary traditions of Zaragoza reflect the richness of its agriculture. Crop as well as livestock farming in the mountains and valleys provides the city with prestigious wines from the Cariñena, Borja, Somontano and Calatayud districts and olive oil; meat-products, such as ham from Teruel, as well as Aragon's unique confectionery tradition.

The proximity of the Cantabrian and the Mediterranean Seas has influenced culinary traditions in Aragón and is one more example of how Zaragoza and Aragón are open to all influences.

However, the offer of restaurants in Zaragoza is not just limited to a variety of traditional menus. There are restaurants of different styles for everybody's taste, from fast food establishments to haute cuisine a la Française. There are seafood restaurants, vegetarian restaurants, Pizzerias, cuisine from all parts of Spain, restaurants with the cuisine of different European countries as well as from Latin America and from the most exotic corners of the world. All this fare makes up a rich harmony of flavours and reveals Zaragoza as a cosmopolitan city, offering a wide range of high-quality restaurants at competitive prices.

This quality cuisine is complemented by a "mini-cuisine", the Zaragozan habit of taking "tapas". A world of flavours and colours distinguishes Zaragoza for its quality and variation. Besides, taking "tapas" is something of a social activity in our city. These small snacks of infinite variety, taken with a glass of wine, are an unforgettable experience for any visitor.

Zaragoza, Culture and Entertainment The City of Zaragoza, which conserves within its urban landscape traces of the four most important cultures in the shaping of the history of our country, is, throughout the year, a focal point for cultural activity, which is both varied and intense.

The enthusiasm and interest which the city shows for art and culture, serve to strengthen the reputation of Zaragoza as a valued meeting point for important congresses on a variety of themes.

Here can be found the appropriate settings with the necessary space for the holding of outstanding events in the worlds of Art, Culture and Leisure. Here, too, is the cultural and technical infrastructure, which puts Zaragoza on an equal footing with foremost European cities.

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The City is fortunate to have at its disposal the magnificent complex known as the Auditorium- Congress Palace: a truly fine area where the most renowned figures of the day can display their art. Musicians, singers and artists meet and combine all trends, from the purest, classical tradition to contemporary music. All this activity forms a thrilling backdrop for international congresses, conventions and exhibitions.

Now, as always, our city, the city of the four cultures, continues to enjoy a broad, well presented musical and theatrical tradition. The citizens of Zaragoza continue to pay special attention to the many different variations making up the world of art and culture.

From our strategic geographical position, we hope that our city, in addition to being a meeting point for different cultural traditions, will serve as a distribution centre for the different cultural trends which choose our city as the scene for their activities.

ZARAGOZA’S CANDIDACY TO EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE 2016

Zaragoza is facing the thrilling challenge of competing with other Spanish cities for becoming European Capital of Culture in 2016. Competition is more exciting than a possible nomination, since the road we are starting to walk now will serve us to draw up the First Strategic Plan of Culture, aiming at transforming our cultural model in a newest and efficient one.

In order to carry out this change Zaragoza should become a creative city able to recognize cultural policy-making as one of the best ways to make the city a more open and even more friendly place, transforming its urban model, reinforcing sustainability, and improving all its citizens'well-being.

Culture creates well-being, wealth and jobs, and commercial brands, as a reference that defines a particular community as well as being a mirror of its changing identity.

This plan is the result of a wide-ranging participation process of all the people of Zaragoza, considering participation as a political concept of permanent debate and joint decision-making.

A plan that will take us to 2016 after five years of implementation of this top-priority cultural model, and after having changed the image and essence of Zaragoza to become European Capital of Culture or a referential European city of culture.

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