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Master Table of All Deep Space, Lunar, and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 Official Name Spacecraft / 1958 “Pioneer” Mass[Luna] No
Deep Space Chronicle: Master Table of All Deep Space, Lunar, and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 Official Spacecraft / Mass Launch Date / Launch Place / Launch Vehicle / Nation / Design & Objective Outcome* Name No. Time Pad No. Organization Operation 1958 “Pioneer” Able 1 38 kg 08-17-58 / 12:18 ETR / 17A Thor-Able I / 127 U.S. AFBMD lunar orbit U [Luna] Ye-1 / 1 c. 360 kg 09-23-58 / 09:03:23 NIIP-5 / 1 Luna / B1-3 USSR OKB-1 lunar impact U Pioneer Able 2 38.3 kg 10-11-58 / 08:42:13 ETR / 17A Thor-Able I / 130 U.S. NASA / AFBMD lunar orbit U [Luna] Ye-1 / 2 c. 360 kg 10-11-58 / 23:41:58 NIIP-5 / 1 Luna / B1-4 USSR OKB-1 lunar impact U Pioneer 2 Able 3 39.6 kg 11-08-58 / 07:30 ETR / 17A Thor-Able I / 129 U.S. NASA / AFBMD lunar orbit U [Luna] Ye-1 / 3 c. 360 kg 12-04-58 / 18:18:44 NIIP-5 / 1 Luna / B1-5 USSR OKB-1 lunar impact U Pioneer 3 - 5.87 kg 12-06-58 / 05:44:52 ETR / 5 Juno II / AM-11 U.S. NASA / ABMA lunar flyby U 1959 Luna 1 Ye-1 / 4 361.3 kg 01-02-59 / 16:41:21 NIIP-5 / 1 Luna / B1-6 USSR OKB-1 lunar impact P Master Table of All Deep Space, Lunar, andPlanetary Probes1958–2000 ofAllDeepSpace,Lunar, Master Table Pioneer 4 - 6.1 kg 03-03-59 / 05:10:45 ETR / 5 Juno II / AM-14 U.S. -
Defense Intelligence Digest (DID), Vol. VII, No. 7
SECRET . DECLASSIFIED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE INTERAGENCY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION APPEALS PANEL, E.0.13526, SECTION 5.3(b)(3) ISCAP APPEAL NO. 2009-068, document no. 279 DECLASSIFICATION DATE: May 14,2015 July 1969 • Volume '7 • Number 7 2 4 9 12 Portion identified as non- I 15 I responsive to the appeal 16 19 24 28 Ef'fed1 of Zond Vehicle Re-entry on Soviet Space Program . 30 34 Portion identified as non 37 responsive to the appeal 41 44 FOREWORD MISSION: The mLSSton of the terest on significant developments roonthly Defense lntelligmce Digest is and trends in the rr1ilitary capabili to provide all components of the ties and vulnerabilities of foreign Department of Defense and other nations. Emphasis is placed pri United States agencies with timely marily, on nations and forces within intelligence of wide professional in- the.Communist World. WARNING: This publication is clas marked "No Foreign Dissemination," sified secret beca.use it reflects intelli certain articles arc releasable tp gence collection efforts of the United fordgn governments; however, such States, and contains information af release is controlled by the Defense fecting the national defense of the Inte.Uigence Agency. United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18 U~S.C., Section 793 and S·ection 794. Its transmission or the revelation of its ~~~ contents in any manner to an un JOSEPH F. CA.RROLL authorized person is prohibited by Lt General, USAF Jaw. Althongh the publication is Director Overall classiAcation of this document is-sECREl Two Jmportcmt vehicles l•a<"f the Sovid$ cle>ser to. -
Forecast of Upcoming Anniversaries -- September 2018
FORECAST OF UPCOMING ANNIVERSARIES -- SEPTEMBER 2018 60 Years Ago - 1958 September 17: NASA-ARPA Manned Satellite Panel established. The NASA/Advanced Research Projects Agency Manned Satellite Panel was formed to draft plans for future manned spaceflight. Langley Research Center and Glenn (then Lewis) Research Center were the primary NASA centers involved. September 30: Last day of NACA operations, Washington, D.C. 55 Years Ago - 1963 September 18: Asset 1 launched to an altitude of 39 miles aboard a Thor rocket from Cape Canaveral, Fla. The first successful suborbital lifting body flight, the Asset vehicle served as a proof-of-concept for the idea of a reusable winged spacecraft. September 28: Transit V-B launched by Thor Ablestar at 12:09 p.m. PDT, from Vandenberg AFB. This Transit satellite was the first US satellite to be powered entirely by nuclear electric power (RTGs). 50 Years Ago - 1968 September 5: Zond 5 launched from Baikonur by Proton K, at 21:36 UTC. An unmanned precursor for Soviet circumlunar cosmonaut program, it was the first Soviet circumlunar flight to successfully reenter Earth’s atmosphere. 45 Years Ago – 1973 September 25: Skylab 2, with astronauts Bean, Garriott, and Lousma, splashes down in Pacific Ocean. Crew was retrieved by recovery ship USS New Orleans, 6:20 p.m., EDT. September 26: Concorde 02 flew from Orly Field, Paris France, to Dulles International Airport, Washington, DC, in 3 hours and 33 minutes. The flight was a new speed record for the route. September 27: Soyuz 12 launched aboard a Soyuz rocket from Baikonur at 12:18 UTC. -
Dsc Pub Edited
1968 93) few craters, much like the mare sites, Surveyor 7 although the general area was rougher. About Nation: U.S. (43) 21 hours after landing, ground controllers Objective(s): lunar soft-landing fired a pyrotechnic charge to drop the alpha- Spacecraft: Surveyor-G scattering instrument on the lunar surface. Spacecraft Mass: 1,040.1 kg When the instrument failed to move, con- Mission Design and Management: NASA JPL trollers used the robot arm to force it down. Launch Vehicle: Atlas-Centaur (AC-15 / Atlas The scoop on the arm was used numerous 3C no. 5903C / Centaur D-1A) times for picking up soil, digging trenches, Launch Date and Time: 7 January 1968 / and conducting at least sixteen surface- 06:30:00 UT bearing tests. Apart from taking 21,274 pho- Launch Site: ETR / launch complex 36A tographs (many of them in stereo), Surveyor Scientific Instruments: 7 also served as a target for Earth-based 1) imaging system lasers (of 1-watt power) to accurately 2) alpha-scattering instrument measure the distance between Earth and the 3) surface sampler Moon. Although it was successfully reacti- 4) footpad magnet vated after the lunar night, Surveyor 7 Results: Since Surveyors 1, 3, 5, and 6 success- finally shut down on 21 February 1968. In fully fulfilled requirements in support of total, the five successful Surveyors returned Apollo, NASA opted to use the last remaining more than 87,000 photos of the lunar surface Surveyor for a purely scientific mission out- and demonstrated the feasibility of soft- side of exploring a potential landing site for landing a spacecraft on the lunar surface. -
Deep Space Chronicle Deep Space Chronicle: a Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 | Asifa
dsc_cover (Converted)-1 8/6/02 10:33 AM Page 1 Deep Space Chronicle Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology ofDeep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 |Asif A.Siddiqi National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA SP-2002-4524 A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000 Asif A. Siddiqi NASA SP-2002-4524 Monographs in Aerospace History Number 24 dsc_cover (Converted)-1 8/6/02 10:33 AM Page 2 Cover photo: A montage of planetary images taken by Mariner 10, the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2, all managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Included (from top to bottom) are images of Mercury, Venus, Earth (and Moon), Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and its Moon, and Mars) and the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) are roughly to scale to each other. NASA SP-2002-4524 Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000 ASIF A. SIDDIQI Monographs in Aerospace History Number 24 June 2002 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of External Relations NASA History Office Washington, DC 20546-0001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siddiqi, Asif A., 1966 Deep space chronicle: a chronology of deep space and planetary probes, 1958-2000 / by Asif A. Siddiqi. p.cm. – (Monographs in aerospace history; no. 24) (NASA SP; 2002-4524) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Space flight—History—20th century. I. Title. II. Series. III. NASA SP; 4524 TL 790.S53 2002 629.4’1’0904—dc21 2001044012 Table of Contents Foreword by Roger D. -
Rockets and People Volume IV:The Moon Race ISBN 978-0-16-089559-3 F Ro As El T Yb Eh S Epu Ir Tn E Edn Tn Fo D Co Mu E Tn .U S S G
Rockets and People Volume IV:The Moon Race ISBN 978-0-16-089559-3 F ro as el t yb eh S epu ir tn e edn tn fo D co mu e tn .U s S G , . evo r emn tn P ir tn i O gn eciff I tn re en :t skoob t ro e . opg . vog enohP : lot l f eer ( 668 ) 215 - 0081 ; D C a er ( a 202 ) 15 -2 0081 90000 aF :x ( 202 ) 215 - 4012 aM :li S t I po CCD W , ihsa gn t no D , C 0402 -2 1000 ISBN 978-0-16-089559-3 9 780160 895593 ISBN 978-0-16-089559-3 F ro leas b y t eh S pu e ri tn e dn e tn D fo co mu e tn s , .U Svo . e G r mn e tn P ri tn i gn fficeO I tn er en t: koob s t ro e. opg . vog : Plot l nohf ree e ( 668 ) 215 - 0081 ; C Da re a ( 202 ) 15 -2 0081 90000 Fa :x ( 202 ) 215 - 4012 il:M S a t po DCI C, W a hs i gn t no , D C 0402 -2 1000 ISBN 978-0-16-089559-3 9 780160 895593 Rockets and People Volume IV:The Moon Race Boris Chertok Asif Siddiqi, Series Editor The NASA History Series National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Communications History Program Office Washington, DC NASA SP-2011-4110 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chertok, B. E. -
Jjmonl 1309.Pmd
alactic Observer GJohn J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 6, No. 9 September 2013 Like a hummingbird circling a wilted sunflower,this image would seem to suggest a casual autumn encounter. But at a cosmic scale, it represents a collision between a star forming galaxy (NGC 2936) and NGC 2937, an older, spent elliptical galaxy. Gravitational tides are twisting and distorting the arms of the younger partner as it navigates the forces in its way. Bluish streaks are areas of star formation, pierced by veins of red dust drawn from the galactic interior. The pair are collectively known as ARP 142, for their entry in The Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, produced by Halton Arp. Image Credit: NASA/ESA/ The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 www.mccarthyobservatory.org Allan Ostergren Website Development JJMO Staff Marc Polansky It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory Technical Support has established itself as a significant educational and Bob Lambert recreational resource within the western Connecticut Dr. Parker Moreland community. Steve Barone Jim Johnstone Colin Campbell Bob Lambert Dennis Cartolano Roger Moore Mike Chiarella Parker Moreland, PhD Route Jeff Chodak Allan Ostergren Bill Cloutier Marc Polansky Cecilia Dietrich Joe Privitera Dirk Feather Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross Randy Finden Gene Schilling John Gebauer Katie Shusdock Elaine Green Jon Wallace Tina Hartzell Paul Woodell Tom Heydenburg Amy Ziffer JJMO'S NEW "ALL SKY" CAMERA .............................. 3 AURORA AND THE EQUINOXES ..................................... -
Small Satellite Earth-To-Moon Direct Transfer Trajectories Using the CR3BP
Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations Fall 2019 Small satellite earth-to-moon direct transfer trajectories using the CR3BP Garrett Levi McMillan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Aerospace Engineering Commons Department: Recommended Citation McMillan, Garrett Levi, "Small satellite earth-to-moon direct transfer trajectories using the CR3BP" (2019). Masters Theses. 7920. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/7920 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SMALL SATELLITE EARTH-TO-MOON DIRECT TRANSFER TRAJECTORIES USING THE CR3BP by GARRETT LEVI MCMILLAN A THESIS Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE in AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 2019 Approved by: Dr. Henry Pernicka, Advisor Dr. David Riggins Dr. Serhat Hosder Copyright 2019 GARRETT LEVI MCMILLAN All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT The CubeSat/small satellite field is one of the fastest growing means of space exploration, with applications continuing to expand for component development, commu- nication, and scientific research. This thesis study focuses on establishing suitable small satellite Earth-to-Moon direct-transfer trajectories, providing a baseline understanding of their propulsive demands, determining currently available off-the-shelf propulsive technol- ogy capable of meeting these demands, as well as demonstrating the effectiveness of the Circular Restricted Three Body Problem (CR3BP) for preliminary mission design. -
Cooperation Or Competition?
Exploring the Universe: Cooperation or Competition? European Forum Alpbach 2013 Shuang-Nan Zhang Director, Center for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chief Scientist, Space Science Division National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Day 1 2 Ways of learning Write down one thing you think you are good at doing Write down how you learnt of doing this Choose and write down one of these answers: (1) From lecturing in classroom (2) By yourself: reading, asking, discussion, practicing (3) Other 3 Importance of asking and discussion The greatest scholar and teacher in Chinese history, Confucius (孔夫子), told us: “Among every three people, there must be someone who know more than me (三人一 行,必有我师)” The Nobel Laureate C.N. Yang (杨振宁) once said “Most of my knowledge comes from asking and discussing with my fellow students”. In Chinese, an intellectual is called “a person learning by asking (有学问的人)” 4 Nobel Laureate C.N. Yang (杨振宁) and me C.N. Yang is the “person learning by asking (有学问的人)” 5 Albert Einstein (爱因斯坦) and me I am the “person learning by asking (有学问的人)” 6 Traditional and interactive teaching Traditional teaching: one directional delivery of information from the teacher to students (notebooks) Role of teacher: information delivery Success measured by rate of information delivered Interactive teaching: asking + discussion Role of teacher: stimulate and moderate the process Success measured by rate of information received Just like communications: it only matters how much is received at the receiver’s end! Barriers must be removed for efficient communications. 7 Interruptions are invited during these seminars You are invited to interrupt me during at any time Asking questions, making points and comments, and even challenging me. -
The Race to the Moon
The Race to the Moon Jonathan McDowell Yes, we really did go there... July 2009 imagery of Fra Mauro base from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Sergey Korolev's Program At Podlipki, in the Moscow suburbs, Korolev's factory churns out rockets and satellites Sputnik Luna moon probes Vostok spaceships Mars and Venus probes Spy satellites America's answer: the captured Nazi rocket team led by Dr. Wernher von Braun, based in Huntsville, Alabama America's answer: naturalized US citizen Dr. Wernher von Braun, based in Huntsville, Alabama October 1942: First into space The A-4 (V-2) rocket reaches over 50 miles high – the first human artifact in space. This German missile, ancestor of the Scud and the Shuttle, was designed to hit London and was later mass- produced by concentration camp labor – but the general in charge said at its first launch: “Today the Space Age is born”. First Earth Satellite: Sputnik Oct 1957 First Living Being in Orbit: Laika, Nov 1957 First Probe to Solar orbit: Luna-1 Jan 1959 First Probe to hit Moon: Luna-2 Sep 1959 First intact return to Earth from orbit: Discoverer 13 Aug 1960 First human in space: Yuriy Gagarin in Vostok-1 Apr 1961 Is America losing the Space Race? Time to up the stakes dramatically.... “In this decade...” I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. John F Kennedy, address to Congress, May 25, 1961 1958-1961 MOON PROGRAM – USSR USA SEP 1958: E-1 No. -
The Soviet Robotic Lunar & Planetary Exploration Program Wesley T
The Soviet Robotic Lunar & Planetary Exploration Program Wesley T. Huntress, Jr. and Mikhail Ya. Marov The Soviet Robotic Lunar & Planetary Exploration Program Born as part of the Cold War and nearly died with it Provided a sinister and mysterious stimulus to American efforts Most events virtually unknown outside the closed circle of Soviet secrecy A tale of adventure, excitement, suspense and tragedy A tale of courage and patience to overcome obstacles and failure A tale of fantastic accomplishment, and debilitating loss Mstislav Keldsh Sergei Korolev 1960 - Early Soviet and American Exploration Rockets Vanguard Luna Molniya Atlas-Agena Jupiter-C 1958 - 1959 The Age of Robotic Lunar Exploration Opens 1958 - 3 failed impactor launches 1959 - 1 failed impactor launches - 3 successful (Lunas 1, 2, 3) 1960 - 2 failed circumlunar launches Luna 1 January 2, 1959 1st s/c to leave Earth missed lunar impact 1st lunar flyby Jan 4, 1959 Luna 2 1st lunar impactor Sept 14, 1959 Luna 3 circumlunar flyby 1st farside picture Oct 7, 1959 1960 - 1961 The Age of Robotic Planetary Exploration Opens The first launches to Mars and Venus October 10 & 14 1960 2 Mars flyby launch failures Maiden flight of the Molniya February 1961 2 Venus impactor launches 1 success on Feb 12, 1961, but Venera 1 fails 5 days later 1962 The New 2MV Planetary Spacecraft Modular design for both Venus & Mars and for both flyby and probe missions Mars 1 Flyby Spacecraft Five of six victimized by the launch vehicle - 2 Venus probes, 1 Venus flyby - 1 Mars probe (US attack scare), 1 -
Typical Spacecraft Contents
Appendix A: Typical Spacecraft This appendix contains descriptions and images of a dozen spacecraft selected from the many that are currently operating in interplanetary space or have successfully completed their missions, plus one that is now preparing for launch. Included is at least one representative of each of the eight spacecraft classifications described in Chapter 7 (see page 243). The scheme of limiting coverage of each spacecraft to a two-page spread in this appendix allows the reader to easily compare the various craft, their specifications, their missions, and their classifications, but it does not allow room to list all of a spacecraft’s activities, discoveries and questions raised; indeed entire books can and have been written on each. Complete profiles of these and other spacecraft are, how- ever, readily available at a single web site: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary. Contents: Spacecraft Classification Page Voyager Flyby 294 New Horizons Flyby 296 Spitzer Observatory 298 Chandra Observatory 300 Galileo Orbiter 302 Cassini Orbiter 304 Messenger Orbiter 306 Huygens Atmospheric 308 Phoenix Lander 310 Mars Science Laboratory Rover (launch: 2009) 312 Deep Impact Penetrator 314 Deep Space 1 Engineering 316 294 Appendix A: Typical Spacecraft The Voyager Spacecraft Fig. A.1. Each Voyager spacecraft measures about 8.5 meters from the end of the science boom across the spacecraft to the end of the RTG boom. The magnetometer boom is 13 meters long. Courtesy NASA/JPL. Classification: Flyby spacecraft Mission: Encounter giant outer planets and explore heliosphere Named: For their journeys Summary: The two similar spacecraft flew by Jupiter and Saturn.