887 © the Author(S) 2019 Kim Dae-Jung, Conscience in Action, NUMBERS and SYMBOLS

Index1

NUMBERS AND SYMBOLS 1987 Revolution, 329–340, 862 2nd Marine Division, 98 June Uprising, 329–340 See also Blue Dragon Division See also June 29 Declaration, 862 3-step reunification plan, 166, 381, 1992 Agreed Framework, 661 408, 426, 612 See also Agreement on 3-term constitutional amendment, Reconciliation, Non- 144, 158, 741 Aggression, and Exchanges 3-way South Korea-United States- and Cooperation Between Japan cooperation, 634 South and North 5-year Economic Development Plan, 1992 Agreement, 637–639, 643 78, 80, 85, 238, 239 1993 U.S.-DPRK Joint Communiqué, 9th Infantry Division (White Horse 543, 640, 662 Division), 98 1994 Agreed Framework, 9/11 terrorist attack, 710 541, 735, 837 See also September 11 Attack See also 1994 Geneva Agreed The 21st Century and East Asia, 826 Framework Between the 21st Century Committee, The, 600 United States of America 38th Parallel, 19, 26, and the Democratic People’s 627, 664 Republic of Korea; 1994 55th UN Plenary Session, 660 U.S.-North Korean Agreed 100 Most Influential People, 863 Framework

1Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ denote notes.

1994 Geneva Agreed Framework Agreement on Reconciliation, Between the United States of Non-Aggression, and Exchanges America and the Democratic and Cooperation Between South People’s Republic of Korea, 637 and North, 632 See also 1994 Agreed Framework; See also 1992 Agreed Framework 1994 U.S.-North Korean Ahn, Byung Mu, 219, 220, 287, Agreed Framework 343, 344 1994 U.S.-North Korean Agreed Ahn, Byung-joon, 622 Framework, 543 Ahn, Changho, 24 1st Division of the United Front Ahn, Chu-sop, 477, 700 Department of the, 617 Ahn, Dong-su, 746 See also 1994 Geneva Agreed Ahn, Doo-hee, 24 Framework Between the Ahn, Jung-hwan, 787 United States of America and Ahn, Moon-suk, 756, 757, 800 the Democratic People’s Ahn, Sang-young, 801 Republic of Korea; 1994 Ahwa, King of Baekje, 519 Agreed Framework Air Force Flight #1, 627 Air Koryo, 673 Airborne Brigade 33rd Squadrons, 257 A Airborne Brigade 35th Squadrons, 257 Abe, Shinzo, 799 Akagi Munenori, 176 ABM Treaty, 733 Akihito, Emperor of Japan, 518, 519 Abrams, Eliott, 305, 306 Alan Gua myth, 567 Academy of Korean Studies, 831 Albright, Madeleine, 495, 499, 500, Act of Electronic Government, 756 658, 663, 688, 689, 692, Act on Electronic Signature, 756 697–699, 706, 709, 840, 886 Actors Association, 158 Alexander the Great, 700 Additional Punishment Law on Alfonsin, Raul, 343 Specific Crimes, 441 Allen, Hans, 371 Aekyung Group, 602 Allen, Richard, 291 Afang Palace, 815 Allgemeiner Zeitung, 608 Afghanistan War, 771 All-out National Security, 212 AFP, 689, 697 All People’s Congress, 24 Agency for National Security Planning Amazon.com, 754 (ANSP), 337, 368, 377, The American Challenge, 730 393–396, 429, 437, 462, 474, American Chamber of Commerce, 780 477–479, 829, 882 American Civil War, 561 Agora, 850 American Enterprise Institute, 735 Agreement on Practical Amnesty International Procedures to Carry Amnesty International East Asia, 852 Out the Inter-Korean Amnesty International Korea, 853 Agreement, 616 Amnesty International Report, 303 INDEX 889

Anabaptist Müntzer, 297 April 19th Graveyard, 355 An, Byeong-guk, 181, 291 April 19th Incident, 57 An, Dong-seon, 430 April 19th Students Righteous An, Joo-seob, 631 Uprising, 219 An, Jung-seok, 220 April 19th Uprising, 57, 236, An, Kyong-ho, 628, 631 246, 248 An, Sook-sun, 824 Aquinas, Thomas, 42 Andersson, Sten, 370 Aquino, Benigno, 299, 311, 312, 321, Andreotti, Giulio, 371 357, 417, 588 Anglican Church, 41, 335, 776 Aquino, Corazon, 313, 357, 416, Annan, Kofi, 497, 526, 527, 660, 744 417, 424, 469, 472, 802, 822 Anselmus, 271 Arahitogami, 6 ANSP, see Agency for National Security Archbishop Trem, 371 Planning Arditi, Luigi, 716 Anti-Americanism, 793 Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Anti-communism 479, 780, 791 Anti-communism Association, 56 Armitage, Richard, 792 Anti-communism Law, Army Grand Bench of the Supreme 155, 262, 880 Court, 271 Anti-communist Artists Group, 53 Asahi Journal, 173 Anti-communist Youth Group, Asahi Shimbun, 298, 519 53, 55 Asahi Weekly, 173 Anti-Corruption Initiative, 696 ASEAN Anti-Money Laundering Initiative, 696 ARF, ASEAN Regional Forum, 660 Anti-ROK Operations, 622 ASEAN+3 summit, 548, 549, 704, Anything But Clinton (ABC), 302, 763, 764, 884 311, 505, 737 ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, 660 APEC, 485, 529, 534, 537, 546, Asia and Africa Research 581–585, 623, 624, 660, 662, Association, 177 664, 665, 695, 702–704, 710, Asia and Pacific Democratic Leaders 762, 763, 799, 803, 809 Council, 424, 883 APEC Tourism Ministerial Asia-Europe Cooperation Framework Meeting, 664 2000, 696 Appeal of Conscience Foundation, Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), The, 760 475, 476, 509, 535, 546, 559, April 3rd Incident, the, 25, 26 584, 590, 607, 660, 693–696, April 6th Demonstration, 61 700, 701, 723, 756, 789, April 8 Agreement, 613, 633 796, 797 April 13 Constitution Protection Asia Foundation, 829 Measure, 332, 334, 340 Asian Democratic Front, 299 April 19th Revolution Asian Development Bank, 470 April 19th Cemetery, 744 Asian financial crisis, ix, 460, 535, April 19th Demonstration, 60 569, 681 890 INDEX

Asian Games, 590, 800, 801 Bang, Dae-yeop, 127, 172 Busan Asian Games, 765, 770, 795 Bang, Gi-seop, 438 Asian Legal Center, 300 Bang, Keung-nae, 320 Asian Public Speech Institute, 40 Bank of Korea, 34, 35, 457, 458, Asia Pacific Democratic Youth 474, 776 Workshop, 582 Basic Act for the Promotion of Asia Pacific Peace Committee, 611, Information Technology, 756 628, 629, 636, 648, 826 Basic Livelihood Act, 743 Asia Pacific Peace Foundation, 529, Basic Press Law, 275, 388 562, 582, 769, 781, 805, 883 Basic South-North Asia Society, 865 Agreement, 610 Assembly, 516 Battle of Yeonpyeong, 773 Associated Press, 586 Bazhanov, Evgeny P., 469 Association of Writers for National BBC World, 711 Literature, 623 Beauchamp, William, 848 Attali, Jacques, 870 Beijing University, 532 August 15 liberation day, 638, 667 Belo, Carlos, Bishop, 584 August 15 National Unification Beomu Publisher, 40 Assembly, 795 Berge, Gunnar, 689, 690, 699, 714, Aznar, Jose Maria, 789 720, 758, 854 Berger, Samuel, 80, 500, 544 Berkeley University, 504 B Berlin Declaration, 609, 611, 612, Bae, Dong-ho, 181, 198 839, 849, 884 Bae, Eun-hui, 40 Berlin Olympics, 804 Bae, Ki-sun, 320 Bethell, Ernest T., 559 Bae, Suk-bom, 463 Bicameral system, 60 Baek, Gi-wan, 205, 345 Biden, Joseph, 856 Baek, Gyeong-nam, 426 Bill of Compensation, 377 Baek, Kyung-nam, 620 Bio-technology (BT), 758 Baek, Nam-eok, 116, 157 Blair, Tony, 475, 476, 668, 672, 693, Baek, Nam-hun, 42 766, 822 Baekbom, 534, 664 Blank Advertisement Incident, See also Kim, Koo The, 210 Baekgol Unit, 357 Blatter, Sepp, 786 Baker, Ed, 300 Bloody Sunday, 26 See also Baker, Edward Bloody Tuesday, 56 Baker, Edward, 417 Blue Dragon Division, 98 See also Baker, Ed See also 2nd Marine Division Baker, James, 836 Blue in You, 415 Bamboo Curtain, The, 162 Board of Audit and Inspection, Ban, Ki-moon, 821, 840 306, 468, 515, 586 INDEX 891

Board of National Unification, Busan-Masan Rebellion, 236, 237, 741 366, 426 See also Busan-Masan Incident; Bocelli, Andrea, 664 Busan-Masan Uprising; Bochum University, 307 Busan-Masan Democratic Bogwang Group, 587 Movement Bok, Derek, 301 Busan-Masan Uprising, 234, 300 Bolkiah, Hassanal, 702 See also Busan-Masan Incident; Bondevik, Kjell Magne, 768, 826 Busan-Masan Rebellion; Boram Bank, 482 Busan-Masan Democratic Bosingak Bell, 599 Movement Bosworth, Stephen W., 455, 459, 497, Bush, George W., 369, 546, 700–711, 541, 614, 663, 860 726, 733–737, 751, 760, 762, Brain Korea 21, 730, 731 771–778, 787, 792, 795, Brandt, Willy, 275, 307, 311, 370, 797–799, 803, 806, 808, 373, 381, 456, 689, 712, 762 819–821, 828, 835, 837, 845, The Brief History of Time, 669 863–865, 884 Broers, Alec, 767 Bush, Laura, First Lady of the United Brookings Institute, 413 States, 775 Brown, Benjamin, 300 Business Week, 757 Brown, Harold, 274 Butterfly Festival, The, 378 Brown, Willie, 504 Byeon, Hyeong-yun, 416 Bruno Kreisky Peace Prize, 275, 881 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 422 BT, see Bio-technology, 753 C Buddhist Gandhara, 744 C40 Global Climate Summit, 864 Budget and Finance Committee, 94 Cambridge University, 402–405, 411, Bull Fight in Cheongdo, 378 560, 748, 767, 882 Busan Area High Officials’ Polling Camdessus, Michel, 445, 446, 455, Meeting to Make Kim Young-sam 504, 749 President, 396 Campaign Fund Purification Act, 137 See also Chowon Bokjip Incident, The Campaign to repay national debts to Busan Political Crisis, 37, 38, 877 Japan, 466 Busan USIS Arson Incident, 276 Canadian Ministry of Foreign Busan-Masan Democratic Affairs, 307 Movement, 589 Cannes Film Festival, 823 See also Busan-Masan Incident; Capital Defense Command, 80 Busan-Masan Rebellion; Capital Mechanized Infantry Division Busan-Masan Uprising See also Tiger Division Busan-Masan Incident, 248 Card, Andrew, 799 See also Busan-Masan Rebellion; Carlsson, Ingvar, 370, 723 Busan-Masan Uprising; Carnegie Foundation, 417 Busan-Masan Democratic Carr, Robert John, 585 Movement Carreras, Jose, 664 892 INDEX

Carter, Ashton, 541 Chang, Jae-sik, 457, 459 Carter Foundation, 413 Chang, Ki-young, 40, 103 Carter, Jimmy, 230, 231, 250, 271, Chang, Myon, 40–42, 51, 54, 60, 61, 274, 275n1, 292, 311, 413, 418, 65, 67, 71–73, 77, 96, 100, 419, 421, 504, 539, 540, 558, 238–240, 377, 861, 878 663, 802, 822, 883 Chang, Myon faction, 209 Cat Arson Incident, the, 135 Chang, Ok-chu, 835, 872, 875, 876 Catholic Priests Association, 276 Chang, Sang, 794, 884 Catholic Priests’ Association for Chang, Se-dong, 334 Justice, 333–334, 349 Chang, Seog-il, 780 CBS, 174, 311, 505, 837 Chang, Sin-gi, 835 CDMA, 532, 533, 763 Chang, Su-geum, 3, 877, 879 Central Military Commission Chang, Suk-il, 795, 872 of Korea, 628 Chang, Taek-sang, 38, 40 Cha, Bo-ryun, 17 Chang Yeong-ja, 289 Cha, Bum-kun, 608 Chang Yeong-ja and Lee Chul-hi Cha, Bum-suk, 623 Fraud Incident, 289 Cha, Guk-chan, 39 Chang, Young-shin, 602 Cha, Ji-chul, 232, 237 Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de, 279, 280 Cha, Mun-seok, 83 Charles, Pierre, 785 Cha, Won-sik, 17 Chatham House, 405 Cha, Yeong-ju, 133 Cheney, Dick, 736, 760 Cha, Yong-ae, 13, 17, 49, 68, 877, 878 Cheoljong, King of Joseon, 562 Chaebol, 239, 387, 460, 463, 464, Cheon, Gwan-u, 142, 144 467, 468, 481, 483–485, 568, Cheong, Chae-joon, 181, 198 579, 580, 749 Cheonggye Clothing Complex, 138 Chage and Aska, 676 Cheong Kyong-mo, 365 Challenges and Responses, Cheongsong Protective Custody and God, 848 Office, 740 Challenges and Vision of Korean Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 689 Economy, 498 Chiang, Kai-shek, 12, 86 Chamui, 83 China-Japan summit, 624 Chang, Bo-go, 846 Chinese Ministry of Foreign Chang, Chun-ha, 67, 205, 216, 217 Affairs, 456 Chang, Dae-Whan, 794 Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Chang, Deok-jin, 148 Affairs, 423, 529, 533, 827, Chang, Deok-pil, 220 854, 863 Chang, Do-yeong, 71 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Chang, Eul-byeong, 416 Conference, 423 Chang, Gi-cheon, 416 Chin, Nyum, 781 Chang, Gyeong-u, 430, 431 Chirac, Jacques, 472, 475, 476, 607, Chang, Hong-ho, 438 608, 693, 695, 822 INDEX 893

Cho, Bong-am, 36, 41, 43, 62 Choi, Hyung-woo, 332 Cho, Byong-ok, 42 Choi, Jae-cheon, 825 Cho, Hwal-jun, 181, 186, 187, 196, Choi, Jong-chan, 815 198, 523 Choi, Jong-gil, 741 Cho, Hyang-rok, 75 Choi, Jong-hyun, 461, 483 Cho, Jae-cheon, 54, 61 Choi, Jong-il, 759 Cho, Jang-won, 27, 28 Choi, Jong-young, 586, 625 Cho, Kyu-hyang, 471 Choi, Kwang-soo, 336 Cho, Man-sik, 19, 162 Choi, Kyoung-Ju, 803 Cho-Pyeong Incident, 385, 388 Choi, Kyu-ha, 241–244, 247, 250, Cho, Se-hyung, 255, 435, 510, 558 253, 266, 267, 358, 469, 511 Cho, Seong-tae, 571, 572 Choi, Kyung-hwan, 829, 833, 835, Cho, Seong-u, 267 872, 875 Cho, Seung-hyeong, 364, 399 Choi, Kyung-won, 746 Cho, Soon Yong, 815 Choi, Myung-hee, 538 Cho, Sun, 416, 440, 444, 473 Choi, So-myeon, 41 Cho, Wan-gyu, 416 Choi, Song-chul, 617 Cho, Wasily, 563 Choi, Sung-hong, 775, 799 Cho, Yeon-ha, 172, 331 Choi, Sung-il, 284, 290, 293, 299 Cho, Yong-su, 72 Choi, Sun-jung, 680, 684, 687 Cho, YoungDal, 815 Choi, Yeong-geun, 100 Cho, Young-hwan, 417 Chongpung, 528 Cho, Young-jai, 815 Chonnam National University, 257, Choam 262, 836, 837 Choam Munjip, 8 Choo, Mi-ae, 825 Choam, Seodang, 8 Choo, Young-bock, 253 Choe, Byung-yul, 446, 825 Chosun Free Press Protection Struggle Choe, Chang-hak, 312 Committee, 387 Choe, In-gyu, 106 Chosun Ilbo, 65, 201, 385–388, 626, Choe, Jae-seung, 370, 403 747, 884 Choe, Seok-nam, 179 Chosun University, 92, 262 Choe, Seo-myeon, 169 Chough, Soon-hyung, 379, 825 Choe, Seong, 426 Chough, Yoon-hyung, 111, 172, Choe, Thae-bok, 628, 656 232, 355 Choe, Un-sang, 370 Chowon Bokjip Incident, 396–398 Choe, Yeong-geun, 199, 343, 345, 355 Chretien, Jean, 466, 576 Chohung Bank, 87, 482 Christian Association Building, 335 Choi, Chang-ik, 20 Christian Democratic Party, 372, 443 Choi, Gyeong-rok, 71 Christian Socialist Party, 443 Choi, Hak-rae, 623 Christopher, Nicholas, 496 Choi, Ho-jin, 127 Chuan, Leekpai, 693 894 INDEX

Chun, Doo-hwan, xii, 73, 244, 245, CIS, see Commonwealth of 249, 250, 252, 253, 258, 266, Independent States 268, 274–276, 279, 286, 290, Citizens‘ Committee, 685 292, 297, 298, 301, 303, 308, City of God, The, 280 310, 317, 319, 322–324, 329, Civic Auditorium in San Francisco, 335, 355, 356, 358, 361, 372, The, 174 386, 439, 469, 496, 511, 574, Civil Service Commission, 562 712, 836, 862, 882 Clare Hall, 404, 410, 411 Chung, Buk Bank, 482 Clark, Helen, 746 Chung, Chang-Young, 828 Clark, Jr., William, 331 Chung, Dai-chul, 355, 435, 439 Cliff, Richard, 117 Chung, Dong-chea, 293, 417 Clinton, Bill, viii, 383, 404, 418, 454, Chung, Dong-young, 833 455, 458, 460, 466, 495, 496, Chung, Hae-joo, 457, 474 499–504, 509, 529, 537–539, Chung, Hee-kyung, 435 541, 543, 544, 573, 583, 584, Chung, Ho-yong, 334 587, 614, 623, 624, 658, 659, Chung, Hyung-gun, 441, 592 661, 662, 670, 672, 688, 689, Chung, Il-kwon, 94 692, 697, 699–711, 721, 725, Chung, Jung-gil, 852 726, 734, 736, 777, 822, 840, Chung, Jung-sup, 43 860, 864, 865, 886 Chung, Ju-yung, 382, 383, 396, See also Clinton, William Jefferson 398, 447, 507, 508, 527, 528, Clinton, Hillary, 726, 860, 865 536, 737 Clinton, Roger, 538 Chung, Ki-seung, 363 Clinton, William Jefferson, Chung, Kyun-hwan, 622 see Clinton, Bill Chung, Mong-hun, 527, 528, 605, Clothing Lobby Scandal, 568, 577 613, 623, 819 CNN, 507, 538, 697, 716, 759 Chung, Mong-joon, 443, 521, Coast Guard Jeonnam Headquarter, 623, 804 34, 877 Chung, Mong-koo, 483 Code of Conduct for Referendum Chung, Myung-Whun, 602 Rejection, 215 Chung, Sang-yong, 354 Cohen, Jerome A., 198, 295, 300 Chung, Seung-hee, 255 Cohen, William, 688 Chunhyanga, 6 Cold War, 86, 156, 160–162, 212, Chunichi Dragons, 523 369, 408, 413, 421, 456, 500, Chunsa Art Film Festival, The, 539, 540, 544, 600, 604, 609, 822, 885 610, 614, 626, 637, 641, 671, Chuokoron, 173 690, 716, 774, 808, 842, 858, Chuo University, 856 871, 884 Church Council for Social Cole, Nathalie, 721 Mission, 276 Columbia University, 174, 414 Ciampi, Carlo Azeglio, 606 Comfort women, 58, 97, 525 INDEX 895

Commerce Bank, 482 Constitutional Amendment Petition Committee for Measures for Teargas Movement Headquarters, 205 Bomb Victims, 337 Constitutional Amendment Promotion Committee for Policy and Planning, Committee, 321, 322 678, 679 Construction of Great Russia, 733 Committee for the Evaluation of Bank Constitution Study Team, 246 Reform Plans, 482 Continuing Education Law, 679 Committee for the Implementation of Cooper, Richard, 300 the Separation of Pharmacy and COSMO-2000 conference, 668 Clinic, 685 Council for the Promotion of Committee for the Peaceful Democratization (CPD), 307, Reunification of the Fatherland, 310, 317, 320, 324, 325, 334, 628, 631 335, 881 Committee for the Winning of Council for the Promotion of Medical Rights, 686 Separation of Pharmacy and Commonwealth of Independent States Clinic, 685 (CIS), 563, 641 Council on Foreign Relations, 735 Communication with the U.S. and Coup d’état, 67, 68, 70, 132, 170, Blocking South Korea Policy, 422 171, 177, 238, 240, 250, 276, Communist Party, 21, 43, 46, 47, 297, 324, 356, 374, 377, 388, 380, 546 563, 577, 669, 844, 861, 882 Comprehensive Approach Plan for an Cox, Harvey, 280 Engagement Policy, 541 Cozy relations between politics and Comprehensive Approach Strategy for economics, 467, 535 the Dismantling of Korean CPD, see Council for the Promotion Peninsula Cold War Structure, 540 of Democratization Comprehensive Guideline for Credit rating, 454, 467, 481, 483, Deregulation, 488 505, 536, 779, 780 Comprehensive National Land Criminal Administration Act, 742 Development Plan, 67 Cuban Missile Crisis, The, 84 Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Cultural revolution, 533, 684 Treaty, 84 Cultural Rule policy, 4 Condolence Call Crisis, 420–422 Culture Day, 589 Conference of Non-Governmental Cumings, Bruce, 312, 424 Organizations in Consultative Cyber Jeumeuni (Millennium) Relationship with the United Launching Ceremony, 755 Nations (CONGO), 587 Cyber-Korea 21, 753 Confirmation Hearing Act, 794 Confucius, 233, 280, 551 CONGO, see Conference of Non- D Governmental Organizations in D’Alema, Massimo, 606 Consultative Relationship with Daebandong Beach, 9 the United Nations Daegu October 1st Incident, The, 21 896 INDEX

Daegu Teachers College, 240 Democratic Party, 40–43, 51–54, Daehan Oil Pipeline Corporation, 489 59–65, 67, 69, 71–73, 76–78, 81, Daetonghap Minjusindang Party, 846 83, 85, 132, 174, 176, 177, 182, Daewongun, 869 196, 229, 310, 330, 332, 342, Daewoo Group 344, 345, 348, 350–354, 359, Daewoo Electronics, 485 361, 362, 365, 370, 372, 374, Daewoo Heavy Industry, 486 375, 377, 379, 382, 383, 394, Daeyang Shipbuilding Company, 395, 399, 401, 410, 420, 429, 18–19 431–436, 439, 441, 443, 444, Dahl, Birgitta, 723 523, 524, 572, 602–605, 619, Dangun myth, 300 622, 623, 631, 710, 725, Danjong, King of Joseon, 555 761–776, 781, 783, 784, 794, Dardanelles Strait, 14 804, 805, 811, 813, 819, 822, Da Vinci, Leonardo, 606, 607 825, 826, 836, 837, 844, 846, Day of Law, the, 496 860, 866, 878, 882, 884 Day of National Salvation Democratic Party National Prayer, the, 215 Convention, 307 December 12 Coup d’État, 347 Democratic Party Old School See also December 12th Incident Fellowship Association, 62 December 12th Incident, 245 Democratic People’s Party, 38 See also December 12 Coup d’État Democratic People’s Republic of Declaration for Democracy and Korea, 614, 647, 688 National Salvation, 228, 232, Democratic Professors Association, 334 264, 373, 416 Democratic Republican Party, 81 Declaration of Independence, the, 574 Democratic Reunification Party, Declaration of National 187, 194 Emergency, 177 Democratic Rights Party, 275 Defense Security Command, 275, 322 Democratic Socialist Party, 96, 132 De Gaulle, 730 Democratic Youth and Student Democracy Park, 588, 589 Association Incident, the, 741 Democratic Association, 331, 379 Democratic Youth Council, 242 Democratic Justice Party, 275 See also Minju cheongnyeon Democratic Korean Party, 275 hyeobuihoe Democratic Media Movement Democratization Practice Family Council, 388 Movement Council, 388 Democratic National Committee, 307 Den, Hideo, 523 Democratic National Salvation Deng, Xiao Ping, 423, 591 Declaration, 218, 219, 222, Deokbong Gangdang, 8 879, 880 Deokbong Seodang, 8, 877 Democratic National Salvation Department of National Defense, 324 Declaration Incident, the, 741 Department of Public Security, 568 INDEX 897

Deputies’ Credential Screening Donggyo-dong faction, 209, 343, Committee of the Supreme 474, 764, 805 People’s Assembly, 628, 655 Donghak Commemorative Festival, Derian, Patricia, 312, 313 the, 249 Descartes, 271 Donghak Peasant Revolution Die Welt, 870 See also Donghak Revolution Digital Silk Road, the, 797 Donghak Revolution, 297, 449 Diplomatic Academy of Russia, See also Donghak Peasant 384, 882 Revolution, 742 See also Diplomatic Academy of the Dongmongseonseup, 8 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Dongpyonje, 438 the Russian Federation Dostoevsky, 280, 564 Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry DPRK, 422, 541–544, 658, 663, 699, of Foreign Affairs of the Russian 745, 796, 797, 806 Federation, xii DPRK Constitution, 516 See also Diplomatic Academy of DPRK-U.S.A. normalization, 860, 864 Russia Drew University, 673 Diplomatic Club, 325, 343 Drucker, Peter, 551 Direct presidential election system, Dual executive system, 246, 262, 246, 294, 325, 862, 881 319, 862 Disraeli, Benjamin, 146, 818 Dunn, John, 404, 405 Ditlev-Simonsen, Per, 720 DJP alliance, the, 443, 457 DMZ, 319, 617, 618, 677, 737, 771, E 774, 796, 841, 855, 884 EABC, see East Asian Business Council Do, Ye-jong, 206 EAFTA, see East Asian Free Trade Area Doi, Takako, 469, 523, 524 EAIA, see East Asian Investment Area Dokdo issue, 852 EAS, see East Asian Summit Dole, Bob, 422 EASG, see East Asia Study Group Domingo, Placido, 664 East Asia Study Group (EASG), DongA Broadcasting Station, 91, 194 548, 549 DongA Ilbo, 40, 209–211, 251, 256, East Asian Business Council 268, 342, 747, 884 (EABC), 547, 548 Dongchimi, 8 East Asian financial crisis, 546 Dongdaemun Gang, 53 East Asian Forum, 548, 764, 884 Donggang Dam, 578, 726 East Asian Free Trade Area (EAFTA), Dongguk University, 55, 249, 751 548, 549, 764 Donggyo-dong, 77, 133, 145, 155, East Asian Investment Area (EAIA), 169, 175, 193, 228, 231, 307, 548, 549 308, 314, 316–327, 379, 419, East Asian Research Group, 764 429, 437, 447, 478, 669, 746, East Asian Summit (EAS), 769, 783, 815, 879, 880, 884 548, 549 898 INDEX

East Asian Vision Group (EAVG), Environment Ministers’ Meeting, 696 546–549, 764, 883 Eollon nobo, 387 East Berlin Incident, the, 111, 214 See also National Union of Media East Timorese Resistance Council, 593 Workers Newsletter Eastern Bloc, the, 380, 461, 706, 865 Eom, Chang-rok, 85, 133, 137 EAVG, see East Asian Vision Group Eom, Yeong-dal, 172 (EAVG) EU, see European Union (EU) Ebadi, Shirin, 834 Eucharistic Congress in 1989, 606 Economic Development Plan, 67, 78, Eugene Bell Foundation, The, 622 80, 85, 238, 239 Eulsa Protectorate Treaty, Economic Measure Coordination, 483 95, 409, 410 Economist, 173 Eunbangul Sisters, 655 EEZ, see Exclusive economic zone European GSM system, 533 Einhorn, Robert, 697 European Union (EU), 445, 470, Eisenhower, 312, 793 543, 607, 693, 723, 745, 764, Elderly Welfare Project, 681 768, 843 Election Administration Committee, European Union Delegation, 745 44, 45, 67, 137 Europe-Korea Foundation, 779 Election law, 109, 207, 264, 338, 352, Ewha High School, 174, 635 592, 739 Ewha Womans University, 76, 87, Election Polling Committee, 395, 117, 560, 623, 794 396, 446, 602 Exclusive economic zone (EEZ), Electoral college, 170, 275 521, 522 Electronic Government Foundation Completion Report Event, 757 Elizabeth II, Queen of the United F Kingdom, 475, 559, 560, 766 Fair Economy Operation Emergency Committee for Measures Commission, 126 Against the Opposition Party Fair Election Observation Mission, Oppression, 435 348, 349 Emergency Economy Committee, 750 Fair Trade Commission, 474, 808 Emergency martial law, 56, 89, 170, Family Law Reform Bill, 363, 365 236, 253, 358, 880 Family reunion center, 674 Emergency Measure Law for National Faust, Drew Gilpin, 848 Reconstruction, 82 Federal Republic Reunification Emergency measures, 144, 160, 170, Proposal, 167 205–217, 221, 231, 243, 244, Federal system, 641 248, 266, 340, 880 Federation of Artistic and Cultural Emergency National Security Organizations of Korea, 589 meeting, 759 See also Yechong Emergency Planning Committee, 494 Federation of Korean Industries, Emory University, 292, 881 461, 486, 614, 623 INDEX 899

Federation of Korean Trade Unions French Ministry of Foreign (FKTU), 463, 482 Relations, 608 Feighan, Edward, 312 French Revolution, 300 Feulner, Edwin, 840 Fudan University, 423 Fifth ministerial-level inter-Korean Fukuda, Takeo, 159 talk, 759 Fukuyama, Francis, 840 Finance and Economy Committee, Fulbright, James William, 131, 132 126, 384 Financial Cooperative Federation, 35 Financial Supervisory Committee, G 482, 484, 485 G-8 Summit in Okinawa, 660, 733 Fine, Jonathan, 311 Gaehtgens, Peter, 609 Fitch Group, 779 Galtung, Johan, 492 FKTU, see Federation of Korean Gandhi, Mahatma, 715, 873 Trade Unions Gang of Four, 157 Foggy Phase, 246 Gangdong Education Office, 573 Foglietta, Michael, 469 Gangseongdaeguk, 516 Foglietta, Thomas, 304, 312, Gangwon Bank, 482 574, 711 Garrison decree, 97, 159, 236 For a New Beginning, 411, 882 Gates, Bill, 752, 753, 758, 803, 839 Ford Company, 754 Geneva Agreed Framework, 537, 637, Foreign Affairs, 424, 517, 590 798, 799, 806 Foreign Correspondents’ Club, 133 See also Geneva Foreign Exchange Control Law, DPRK-U.S.A. Agreed 262, 459 Framework Forum of Democratic Leaders in the Geneva DPRK-U.S.A. Agreed Asia-Pacific 2006, xii, 582, Framework, 858 588, 832 See also Geneva Agreed Framework Forum on Northeast Asian Regional Genghis Khan, 565, 566 Development and Cooperation, Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 270, 382, 854, 886 407, 413, 416 Foster-Carter, Aidan, 408 Geochang Civilian Massacre Incident, Four Suspicious Incidents, 78, 83 the, 25, 52 Frank, Barney, 304 Geonguk University, 15 Free University Medal, 609 George VI, King of the United Free University of Berlin, 609, 839, Kingdom, 560 884, 885 Georgetown University, 291, 495 Freedom and Democracy Alliance, 429 Georgetown University Hospital, 292 See also Jayuminju yeonhap and Geummun Publishing Company, 178 Jaminryeon Geumuihwanhyang, 514 Freedom Award, 839, 885 Gi, Dae-seung, 521 Frei, Eduardo, 809 Giddens, Anthony, 404, 405, 748, 749 900 INDEX

Gijahyeophoebo, 387 Great Gwangju (later, Seongnam) Gleysteen, William, 242, 250, 306 Complex Incident, The, 156 Global Programme for Vaccines and Great Jubilee year, 607 Immunizations and Stop Great Society, 98 Tuberculosis, 808 Great War Museum, 585 Glorious Revolution, 374, 458 Green, Marshall, 69, 70, 130 GM, 485 Gregg, Donald, 198, 274, 422, 472, Go, Eun Tae, 843 571, 771 Goh, Chok Tong, 704 Guaranteeing of Peace by the Four Goh, Kun, 462, 473, 496 Powerful Countries, 612 Gold Crown Cultural Medal, 823 Gugminui Party, 81 Goldman Sachs, 870 Guinness Book of World Records, 91 Gong, Sung-jin, 417 Guro-gu Office Violence Incident, Gongginori, 567 the, 348 Gorbachev Foundation, 413, 827, 885 Gusmao, Xanana, 584, 593, 785 Gorbachev, Mikhail, viii, 369, 413, Guys and Dolls, 415 416, 712, 772, 822, 827, 834 Gwangju Uprising Gore, Al, 499, 500, 536, 706, Gwangju Democracy 707, 710 Movement, 621 Government-directed financing, Gwangju Democratic Uprising, 311 460, 461, 557 Gwangju Democratization Government Information Agency, 562 Movement, 357, 377, 882, 883 Government Organization Gwangju Incident, 261–263, Restructuring Committee, 488 265, 266 Government Overthrow Incitement Gwangju massacre, 276 Incident, the, 220 Gwangju May 18 Cemetery, 746 Gowing, Nik, 711, 712 Gwangju Righteous Uprising, 356 Grand Buddhist Service, 780 Gye, Gwang-sun, 46 Grand Lecture for Peace in the Korean Gyeolsaongwi, 629 Peninsula, 856 Gyeongcheon aein, 523, 712 Grand National Festival, 599, 791 Gyeongnam Marshall Law Grand National Party, 241, 444, 446, Enforcement Headquarters 447, 471, 473, 483, 486, 496, Civilian Matters Department, 37 510, 515, 528, 529, 555, 557, 572, 619, 644, 645, 666, 686, 783, 825, 845 H Grand Olympic Stadium, 311 Ha, Sang-sik, 426 Grand Rally Against the Three-term Ha, Tae-yun, 841, 860 Presidency Constitutional Habib, Philip, 198 Amendment, 114 Habibie, B. J., 583 Grasso, Richard, 498 Habitat for Humanity, 802 Gray, William, 304 Haenam Island, 8 INDEX 901

Haesin, 846 Hankook Ilbo, 40, 884 Hahn, Hwa-kap, 133, 172, 227, 256, Hanmin Party, 24, 42 336, 474, 558, 577, 819 Hanshin University, 249 Hahn, Seung-hun, 207, 417 Hanyang University, 417 Hall, Tony, 304, 706 Harald V, King of Norway, 713, 719 Hallyu, 521 Harrison, Selig, 417 See also Korean Wave Harvard University Halonen, Tarja, 780 Harvard Center for International Ham, In-hui, 426 Affairs, 307 Ham, Sei-ung, 220, 248 Harvard Faculty Club, 848 Ham, Sok-hon, 215, 217, 219–221, Harvard Kennedy School, 301 232, 334, 343, 373, 879, 880 Harvard Law School, 301 Han, 569, 570 Harvard University Press, 129 Han, Bi-ya, 847 Harvard-Yenching Institute, 417 Han, Dae-seok, 820, 872 Harvey, Pharis J., 290, 312 Han, Gwang-ok, 399, 435, 442, 557, Hashimoto, Ryutaro, 455, 475, 622, 632, 648, 652, 751 476, 524 Han, Jong-man, 417 Hashimoto, Tomisaburo, 132 Han, Kun-soo, 90 Hata, Tsutomu, 524, 549 Han, Myeong-sook, 731, 732 Hauido Island Peasant Movement, 4 Han, River Iron Bridge, 27, 28, 68 Havel, Vaclav, 499, 558 Han, Sang-jin, 426, 830, 831 Hawking, Stephen, 404, 405, 554, Han, Sung-hon, 267, 468, 515, 876 668, 766 Han, To-won, 27 Healy, John, 311 Han, Wan-sang, 247, 249, 267, 269, Henry VIII, King of England, 41 290, 731 Heritage Foundation, The, Hana Bank, 482 425, 840, 883 Hanahoe, 245 Herzog, Roman, 517 See also Hanahoe Society Heuksando Island, 8 Hanahoe Society, 427 Heungbu, 842 See also Hanahoe Heungguk Marine Transport Hanbit Bank, 482 Company, 35, 877 Hanbo Group Hewlett Packard, 505 Hanbo Incident, 474, 478 Hiddink, 787, 789 Hanbo Scandal, 438 Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 6 Hanbo Steel, 438 Hiroshima victims, 97 Handok Party, 23 History of Western Philosophy, 280 Hangukgungmindang, 275 Ho, Chi Minh, 546 Hanguk Nae-oe Munje Yeonguso, 92 Ho, Dam, 365 Hangyoreh, 389, 875 Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Hanil Bank, 482 290, 306 Hanjin Company, 156 Hodge, John R., 20 902 INDEX

Holkeri, Harri, 744 Hyeoksingye, 62 Homeland Reserve Army, 123–125, Hyon, Chol-hae, 655 140–142, 258, 879 Hyon, Sok-ho, 61 Honam Line, 109 Hyun, In-taek, 858 Honbul, 538 Hyun, Jung-taik, 733, 815 Hong, Chang-sup, 46 Hyundai Group Hong, Hei-Kyung, 502 Hyundai Asan, 819 Hong, Ik-pyo, 96 Hyundai Construction, 702 Hong, Joon-pyo, 441 Hyundai Corporation, 382 Hong, Myung-bo, 788 Hyundai Merchant Marine Hong, Nam-sun, 223, 334, 835 Company, 810 Hong, Renate, 839 Hong, Sa-duk, 403 Hong, Seok-hyun, 587 I Hong, Song-nam, 628 IAEA, 821 Hong, Soon-young, 512 Ideology and Speech, 745 Hong, Young-gi, 364 I’d Like to Visit That Island, 415 Hongik ingan, 300 IEG, see Investment Experts Group Horta, Jose Ramos, 584, 711, 716 Ihwajungseon, 6 House Committee on International Il Bacio, 716 Relations, 792 Im, Bang-ul, 6 House Foreign Affairs Committee, 735 Im, Byeong-gyu, 173 House of Peace, 616 Im, Hwa-su, 53, 57 Howard, John, 586 IMF bailout program, 444, 456 Hu, Jintao, 532 Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-sin, 846 Hubbard, Thomas, 775 In, Myung-jin, 235 Hugwang, 5 Ina Girls High School, 17 Huh, Jung, 60, 81, 246 Independence Alliance, 20 Huh, Kap-bum, 623, 780, 795 Independence Association, 24 Huh, Kyung-man, 379 Independence Course, 91 Huh, Nam-hoon, 457 Independence Day of Korea, 207 Human Rights Award, 497, 739, 882 Independence Movement, 4, 19, 21, Human Rights Briefing, 740 24, 297, 435, 436, 534, 547 Human Rights Institute, 414 Independence, The, 24 Human Rights of the Year Award, 497 Indongcho, 448 Hwang, Jang-yop, 616 Indonghoe, 577 Hwang, Ju-hong, 426 Industrial Revolution, 547, 551, Hwang, Sun-hong, 786 552, 775 Hwang, Tae-yeon, 442 Information Technology Education Hwang, Won-tak, 622, 635, 663 for 10 Million People Hwimori, 415 project, 755 Hyde, Henry, 792 Initiative on HIV/AIDS, 696 INDEX 903

Initiative to Address the Digital IOC, 337, 469, 615 Divide, 696 IPAP, see Investment Promotion Initiative to Combat Trafficking of Action Plan Women and Children, 696 Iron silk road, 675, 738, 796, 797, Inje Educational Foundation, The, 623 842, 855 Injo, King of Joseon, 4 I Saw the Truth of History, 616 Innaecheon, 300 Is Culture Destiny?, 424 Inoue, 12 Ishbashi, Masashi, 178 Intel, 505 Ito, Narihiko, 856 Inter-German summit, 624 Iwanami, 312, 523 Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation Committee, 623 Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation J Promotion Committee, 795 J.S.A, 823 Inter-Korean reconciliation, xii, xxi, Joint Security Area, 589, 823 626, 650, 718, 723, 737, 745, Jackson, Michael, 469, 472 759, 765, 801, 802, 807, 814, Jaisohn, Philip, see Seo Jae-pil 818, 823, 832, 835, 861, 868, James II, King of England, 458 874, 884 Jaminryeon, 437, 439, 440, 442–444 Inter-Korean Summit, xi, xii, xxii, 603, See also Jayuminju yeonhap and 605, 611, 614, 616, 620–622, Freedom and Democracy 624–626, 633, 636, 657, 661, Alliance 663, 664, 671, 705, 718, 720, Jang, Sung-taek, 802 735, 743, 745, 791, 797, 810, Jangchungdan Park, 139–143, 249, 813, 822, 841, 845, 854, 848, 879 884–886 January 4th Retreat, 36, 37 Inter-Korean Summit Promotion Japanese Imperialization Policy, 14 Committee, 615 Japanese Invasion, 11, 391, 560, 846 International Atomic Energy Japanese Invasion (1592–1598), Agency, 837 391, 560 International Federation for Human Japanese Labor Union General Rights, 497 Council, 275 International Institute in Sweden, 370 Japanese Socialist Party, 311 International League for Human Japan-Korea normalization, 523 Rights, 739 Japan-Republic of Korea Joint International Physicians for the Declaration, 520 Prevention of Nuclear War, 834 Jayuminju yeonhap, 429 International Press Institute (IPI), 428 See also Jaminryeon Investigation Mission, 383 Jefferson, Thomas, 131 Investment Experts Group (IEG), 476 Jeginori, 567 Investment Promotion Action Plan Jeju April 3 Incident, The, (IPAP), 476 739, 741, 883 904 INDEX

Jeon, Bong-jun, 392, 846 Joint South-North Representative Jeon, Hyeong-san, 46 Meeting, 23 Jeon, Tae-il, 138, 139, 308, 741 Joint U.S.–DPRK Statement, 688, Jeon, Tae-il Self-Immolation 689, 709 Incident, The, 741 Joint U.S.–DPRK Statement on Jeon, Yun Churl, 474, 781 International Terrorism, Jeondaehyeop, 369 688, 689 Jeong, Dong-nyeon, 351, 363 Jon, Kum-jin, 665 Jeong, Heon-ju, 119 Jones, Jeffrey, 780 Jeong, Hyeong-gi, 293 Joongang Ilbo, 587, 884 Jeong, Il-hyeong, 42, 118, 119, 134, Joseon Merchant Ship Company, 135, 199, 201, 208, 218–220, 25, 27 286, 550, 879 Joseon Sinmin Party, 20 Jeong, Se Hyun, 493, 779, 795, 798, Jospin, Lionel, 608 817, 832, 833 Joung, Suk-ku, 875 Jeong, Seung-hoa, 242, 244, Judicial Branch Crisis, 155 245, 255 July 4 Joint Statement Jeongjo, King of Joseon, 845 July 4 North-South Jeongmyeong, 4 Joint Statement, 638 Jeongniwon, 814 July 4 South-North Joint Jeonnam First High School, 13 Communiqué, 162, 613 Jeonnam Steamship Company, 16, 18, July 7 Declaration, 366, 369, 384, 426 22, 877 Juncker, Jean Claude, 695 Jiang, Zemin, 466, 498, 530–533, June 10 Uprising, 349 581–583, 671, 705, 751, 762, June 15 Accord 803, 827, 885 15 South and North Korean Jin, Nyum, 474, 483, 487, 731 Accord, 653 Jinju Uprising, 392 June 15 Inter-Korean Accord, Jinsan circle, 118, 119 867, 886 Jinsan Crisis, 147, 153 June 15 Joint Accord, 826 Jisik chabonjueui hyeongmyeong, 511 June 15 Summit, 850 Jo, Myong-rok, 628, 654–656, June 15, 2000 North and South 688, 692 Korean Accord, 796 Jo, Sumi, 469, 716, 720, 721 June 29 Declaration, 338, 374 Jo, Young-pil, 776 See also 1987 Revolution Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, 416 June 3rd Incident, The, 89 John Paul II, Pope, 371, 606, 624 Jung, Dong-yun, 257, 262, 263 Johnston, Donald, 749 Jung, Nae-hiuk, 124 Joint Investigation Headquarters, Jung, Nam-sik, 780, 872 245, 246, 249, 255, 258, 265, Jungchuwon, 83 358, 367 Jurassic Park, 547 INDEX 905

K Kellys, James, 798 Kabo Peasant Uprising, 392 Kennedy School, 848, 886 Kaesong Industrial Complex, 760, Kennedy, Edward M., 130–131, 779, 810, 842, 852 174, 275, 290, 291, Kaifu, Toshiki, 524 422, 806 Kamikaze, 566 Kennedy, John Fitzgerald, 67, 69, 80, Kan, Naoto, 524 84, 88, 497 Kang, Bong-kyun, 482, 485, 562 KFTA, see Korean Federation of Kang, Chang-kuk, 740 Teachers’ Associations Kang, Chwon-woo, 872 Kia Group, 474 Kang, Deock-ki, 851 Kia Automobile, 749 Kang, Gyeong-dae, 379 Kidnapping of Kim Dae-jung Incident, Kang, In-duk, 508 The, 13 Kang, Jeong-koo, 751 Kidnapping Incident, The, 195, Kang, Joon-mann, 442 199–201, 229, 262 Kang, Keun-ho, 172 Kil, Chae-ho, 73, 116, 157 Kang, Ki Kab, 856 Kil, Soong-hoom, 435 Kang, Kyong-Hwa, 849 Kim Young-sam, 234 Kang, Man-gil, 623 Kim, Bo-hyun, 611 Kang, Moon-kyu, 390, 416 Kim, Bong-wook, 370 Kang, Rung-su, 631 Kim, Byeong-ro, 81 Kang, Sam-jae, 440, 442 Kim, Byeong-tae, 127 Kang, Sang-jung, 832 Kim, Byong Sik, 446 Kang, Sin-ok, 207 Kim, Byung-kwan, 342, 343 Kang, Sok-ju, 628, 655, 798 Kim, Byung-sam, 103, 105, 106, Kang, Song-mo, 623 108, 109 Kang, Won-yong, 286, 726, 835 Kim, Chang-kon, 40 Kang, Yong-hun, 36 Kim, Chang-yun, 44 Kanmu, Emperor of Japan, 519 Kim, Cheol-gyu, 41, 873, 878 Kant, 271 Kim, Chi-ha, 207, 215, 216, Kartman, Charles, 537, 543, 697 228, 570 Katsura-Taft Agreement, 869 Kim, Chi-kil, 334 Kawashima, 133 Kim, Chin-man, 157 KBS, 109, 626, 830, 834, 846 Kim, Chong-il [sic], 773 KCTU, see Korean Confederation of Kim, Chong-un, 416 Trade Unions Kim, Chum-kon, 416 KEDO, see Korean Peninsula Energy Kim, Chung-gwon, 462, 619 Development Organization Kim, Chung-yul, 81 Keh, Hoon-je, 248 Kim, Dae-hyeon, 32, 256, 266, 289, Keiko University Hospital, 159 290, 313 906 INDEX

Kim, Dae-jung, 199, 262, 523, Kim, Doh-yeon, 61 524, 879 Kim, Dong-gil, 396 conscience in action, viii, 178, Kim, Dong-hyeon, 291 293, 881 Kim, Dong-jo, 213 Dictatorship and My Fights, 178, 879 Kim, Dong-sung, 780 Kim Dae-jung Attempted Murder Kim, Dong-un, 197, 200, 201, Incident (see also Kim Dae-jung 203, 213 Kidnapping Incident) Kim, Dong-young, 332 Kim Dae-jung Conspiracy of Kim, Du-bong, 20, 23 Rebellion Incident, 256–258, Kim, Eui-jae, 557 262, 266–268, 824, 880–882, Kim, Eung-joo, 119 885 Kim, Eung-tae, 312 Kim Dae-jung Day, 504, 505, 574 Kim, Euy-taek, 275 Kim Dae-jung Kidnapping Incident, Kim, Gang-su, 186, 187, 196 199–201, 229, 262, 523, 524 Kim, Geun-tae, 435, 802, 831 (see also Kim Dae-jung Kim, Gi-su, 223 Attempted Murder Incident) Kim, Gun-bu, 186, 187, 196 Kim Dae-jung Peace Center, Kim, Gwang-il, 223, 374 832, 875 Kim, Gwan-seok, 215 Kim Dae-jung Peace Foundation, Kim, Gye Gwan, 543 412–427 Kim, Gyeong-gwang, 127 Kim Dae-jung Presidential Library Kim, Gyeong-in, 149, 172, 187, and Museum, 241, 299, 478, 194, 197 710, 805, 821, 822, 826, 828, Kim, Gyeong-suk, 234 829, 834, 838, 859, 876, 885 Kim, Gyu-sik, 23 Kim Dae-jung Slush Fund Incident, Kim, Ha-joong, 423, 627, 759, 440, 442 827, 858 Kim Dae-jung, Kim, Hak-nyeol, 157 An Autobiography, 401 Kim, Han-gill, 831 Kim Dae-jung’s Prison Writings, Kim, Hanjung, 712, 782, 805, 828 284, 693, 881 Kim, Ho-jin, 580 Kim Dae-jung’s Three-Stage Kim, Hong Gul, 85, 193, 200, 274, Approach to Korean 278, 283, 289, 312, 575, 782, Reunification, 497 783, 878 Kim Dae-jung’s Three-Step Kim, Hong Il, 22, 120, 149, 153, Reunification Plan, 426 194, 207, 208, 256, 266, 274, Kim Dae-jung’s Three-Step 278, 279, 287–290, 308, 313, Reunification Proposal, 168 437, 453, 690, 825, 853, 877 Kim, Dae-ui, 9, 29, 32, 69, 134, Kim, Hong Up, 29, 262, 274, 278, 152, 453 283, 287, 289, 306, 312, 322, Kim, Dal-sool, 622 403, 678, 690, 782, 783, Kim, Deuk-soo, 370 839, 877 INDEX 907

Kim, Hong-jun, 134 Kim, Jong-pil, 73, 77, 79, 85, 116, Kim, Hyong-o, 852 126, 158, 203, 205, 245, 250, Kim, Hyon-hui, 347, 394 345, 364, 373, 374, 376, 377, Kim, Hyung-seok, 622 395, 429, 439, 440, 443, 444, Kim, Hyung-wook, 108, 111, 112, 455, 468, 471, 473, 488, 514, 116, 229, 230 576, 594, 600, 622, 725, 751, Kim Hyung-wook Disappearance 882, 883 Incident, 230 Kim, Jong-wan, 248, 265, 345 Kim, Il-bum, 849 Kim, Joo-eun, 389 Kim, Il-chol, 677 Kim, Joong-kwon, 436 Kim, Il-nam, 36 Kim, Jung-kil, 374, 379, 444, 569, Kim, Il-sung, 21, 23, 126, 212, 367, 619, 832 395, 418–421, 423, 516, 539, Kim, Jung-re, 36, 215 558, 591, 613, 617, 627, 629, Kim, Jun-sub, 120 635, 654, 658, 697, 751, 883 Kim, Jun-yeon, 90–92, 878 Kim, Il-sung University, 616, 656 Kim, Ju-yeol, 53 Kim, Jae-chul, 623 Kim, Kak-young, 803 Kim, Jae-gwang, 149, 233, 331 Kim, Ki-choon, 396 Kim, Jae-gyu, 237, 241, 242 Kim, Ki-hwan, 458 Kim, Jae-hwa, 181, 198 Kim, Ki-nam, 833 Kim, Jae-joon, 113, 142, 144, 330 Kim, Koo, 19, 20, 23–25, 82, 208, Kim, Jae-sul, 181 534, 663, 664, 821, 861 Kim, Jang-kon, 133 Kim Koo Museum and Library, Kim, Jeong Kee, 712 663, 821 Kim, Ji-han, 635 Kim, Kuk-tae, 628, 655, 656 Kim, Jin-hae, 39 Kim, Kyung-jae, 293 Kim, Jin-ho, 872 Kim, Kyung-won, 622 Kim, Jong-cheol, 275 Kim, Lina, 527 Kim, Jong-chung, 169, 170, 181, Kim, Man-heum, 442 182, 186, 198, 264 Kim, Min-ha, 416, 623 Kim, Jong-dae, 323 Kim, Min-seok, 448 Kim, Jong-hwan, 253 Kim, Mo-im, 683, 687 Kim, Jong-il, 516, 531, 543, 591, Kim, Moon-soo, 22 605, 606, 612, 613, 616, 618, Kim, Mun-ok, 35 622, 626, 627, 629, 630, 632, Kim, Myung-ja, 770 634, 635, 639, 644, 647, 650, Kim, Nak-jung, 393 655–657, 659, 661, 663, 665, Kim, Nam-joo, 417 666, 668, 673, 674, 688, 689, Kim, Nam-sik, 426 697–699, 701, 705, 707–709, Kim, Nok-yeong, 172, 267 723, 734, 743–745, 772, 777, Kim, Ok-doo, 474 779, 795, 798, 801, 802, 806, Kim, Ok-du, 172, 194, 223, 227, 821, 826, 833, 841, 854, 255, 256, 320, 327, 403 864, 885 Kim, Ok-sun, 331 908 INDEX

Kim, Ryong-song, 795 Kim, Yong-hwan, 442, 457, 459, Kim, Sak, 52 491, 750 Kim, Sam-ryong, 417 Kim, Yong-nam, 543, 581, 582, 628, Kim, Sang nam, 815 631–634, 636, 647, 650, 656, Kim, Sang-don, 76, 152, 178, 179 670, 671, 674, 778 Kim, Sang-hyun, 40, 99, 113, 144, Kim, Yong-shik, 202 172, 211, 215, 262, 267, 307, Kim, Yong-sun, 617, 622, 628, 635, 310, 317, 435 640, 642, 645, 647, 653, 655, Kim, Sang-u, 403 656, 673–675, 807 Kim, Seong-gon, 116, 157 Kim, Yong-sup, 457 Kim, Seong-su, 30 Kim, Yong-tae, 91 Kim, Seung-hoon, 220, 248, Kim, Yong-won, 181 333, 349 Kim, Yoon-kyu, 622 Kim, Sin-jo, 112 Kim, Young-bae, 326, 365, 435, 558, Kim, Song-ja, 733 572, 577 Kim, Song-sik, 133 Kim, Young-jin, 802 Kim, Soo-han, 151, 524 Kim, Young-ju, 162 Kim, Sosan, 438 Kim, Young-sam, xiii, 73, 113, Kim, Sou-hwan, 217, 226, 267, 333, 118–120, 149, 171, 209, 215, 337, 401, 416, 417, 466, 859 216, 232, 233, 235, 245, 247, Kim, Su-il, 370 250, 252, 294, 295, 307, 314, Kim, Suk-soo, 795 317–320, 324–326, 329–332, Kim, Sung-ho, 687, 808 334, 340, 342–345, 348, Kim, Sung-hoon, 426 350–352, 359, 361, 362, 364, Kim, Sung-jae, 573, 600, 625, 832, 373–378, 382, 383, 395–399, 859, 876 401, 410, 414, 419, 420, 422, Kim, Sung-soon, 780 423, 427–429, 431–433, 435, Kim, Tae-hong, 389 437–440, 445, 453, 454, 457, Kim, Tae-joung, 441, 477, 568, 569 465, 467, 469, 490, 493, 510, Kim, Taek-Geun, 835, 875, 876 511, 518, 520, 528, 537, 579, Kim, Tae-ryong, 352 586, 588, 589, 615, 630, 631, Kim, Un-sik, 5, 877, 879 804, 829, 836, 858, 862, Kim, Un-yong, 623 880–883 Kim, Won-gil, 457, 459, 687 Kim, Young-sun, 617 Kim, Won-ki, 355, 367, 376, 444, Kim, Yun-hyok, 631 580, 750 Kim, Yun-seek, 248, 267 Kim, Won-man, 119 Kim-Ohira Memorandum, 85 Kim, Woo-jung, 484, 486 Kimura, Hiroyasu, 204 Kim, Woo-sik, 805 Kimura, Takeo, 176 Kim, Yeon, 8 Kimura, Toshio, 187 Kim, Yeong-ju, 570 Kingo, Hotta, 401 Kim, Yong-cheol, 363 Kissinger, Henry, 162, 198, 413, 516, Kim, Yong-dae, 631 712, 762, 840, 886 INDEX 909

Kiwi Alliance, 585 Korea Liberation Association, 208 Knight Grand Cross, 766 Korea Long-term Credit Bank, 482 Ko, Eun-tae, 267 Korea Meteorological Ko, Heung-mun, 99, 137 Administration, 512 Ko, Un, 215, 235, 248, 256, 262, Korea Military Academy, 245 267, 367, 416, 623, 652 Korea Society, 838, 840, 885 Koh, Harold Hongju, 663, 697 Korea Technology Finance, 489 Koh, Yu-hwan, 835 Korea Telecommunication (KT), 428, Kohap, 622 489, 800 Kohl, Helmut, 407, 476 Korea Times, 536 Köhler, Horst, 749 Korea Tobacco and Ginseng, 489 Koizumi, Junichiro, 658, 758, Korea Tungsten Company, 63 761–763, 776, 777, 785, 786, Korea-Chile Free Trade Agreement 791, 795, 796, 799, 822 (FTA), 808–810, 884 Kong, Deok-gwi, 220, 221 Korea-China-Japan Business Konkuk University, 55, 323–324 Forum, 763 Kono, Yohei, 469, 524, 615, 700 Korea-China-Japan summit, 544, 546, Koo, Bon Moo, 483, 623 593, 624, 704, 883 Koo, Chul-hoi, 52 Korea-Japan Agreement, 85 Kookmin Bank, 482 Korea-Japan Basic Treaty, 92, 95–97, Koppel, Ted, 302, 303 101, 111, 176 Korea Association of Newspapers, 623 Korea-Japan Cooperation Korea Broadcasting Company, 68 Committee, 524 Korea District Heating Korea-Japan Main Conference, 85 Corporation, 489 Korea-Japan Minister-level Korea Economic Institute (KEI), 840 Conference, 202 Korea Electric Power Corporation, 489 Korea-Japan Normalization Korea Exchange Bank, 482 Treaty, 202 Korea Federation of SMEs, 463, 623 Korea-Japan Solidarity Committee, 228 Korea First Bank, 483 Korean Air flight 858, 347 Korea Football Association, 443, 623 Korean Armed Forces, 69, 517 Korea Gas Corporation, 489 Korean Branch of International Korea Gate, The, 229, 230 PEN, 142 Korea Heavy Industry, 489 Korean Broadcasters Association, 623 Korea Integrated Chemical Inc., 489 Korean Catholic Farmers Korea International Trade Association, 249 Association, 623 Korean Central Intelligence Korea Journalists Association Administration (KCIA), 73, Newsletter, 387 76–79, 83, 85, 102, 105, 108, Korea Labor Issue Research Institute, 111, 115, 116, 121, 133, 39, 878 135–137, 141, 143, 145, 147, Korea Legal Aid Center for Family 154–158, 161, 162, 171, 175, Relations, 416, 550 178, 182, 183, 185, 187, 192, 910 INDEX

Korean Central (cont.) Korean National Party, 275 195–202, 205, 209, 210, 213, Korean National Welfare 214, 225–227, 229–231, 237, Foundation, 622 241, 242, 249, 256, 261, 263, Korean Olympic Committee, 623 265, 266, 287–289, 292, 309, Korean Peninsula Energy 322, 324, 332, 334, 453, 478, Development Organization 741, 829 (KEDO), 860 Korean Chamber of Commerce and Korean perestroika, xi Industry, 842 Korean Pharmaceutical Korean Christian Academy, 726 Association, 685 Korean Christianity and Human Korean Residents Union in Japan, 181 Rights, 292 Korean Revolution Museum, 629 Korean Confederation of Trade Korean Teachers Union (KTU), 490, Unions (KCTU), 463, 482, 490, 686, 728, 883 686, 722, 750, 883 Korean Theological University, 249 Korean Council for National Korean War Reconciliation and Armistice Agreement, 560, 689, 797 Cooperation, 614 Korean War Memorial, 586 Korean Council for Reconciliation and Korean Wave, The, 763, 776, 847, 870 Cooperation, 623 See also Hallyu Korean Democracy Restoration and Korean Youth Association, 186 Unification Promotion National Korean-Japanese Yakuza, 185 Congress, 263, 266, 880 Korea-U.S. FTA, 850 Korean Democratic System and Korea-U.S. Security Consultative Reunification Question Research Meeting, 792 Institute, 186 Korea-U.S. summit, 67, 231, 495, Korean Domestic and Foreign Affairs 499, 772 Research Institute, 92 Korea-U.S. Trade Agreement Korean Empire, 466 Amendment, 65 Korean Federation of Teachers’ Koto, Yuichiro, 169 Associations (KFTA), 490 Kreisky, Bruno, 275, 881 Korean Film Council, 589 KT Labor Union, 428 Korean Friends Street, 584 KT, see Korea Telecommunication Korean Good Neighbors, 622 and Korea Telecom Korean Hospital Association, 685 KTU, see Korean Teachers Union Korean Human Rights Question Kukmin Party, 310, 382, 397 Research Institute, 293 Kumchangri, 537, 543 Korean Labor Movement’s Path, 878 Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, 617–619, Korean Medical Association, 685 626, 629, 697 Korean Military Revolution Trial Kuroda, Sayako, Princess of Japan, 519 History, 73 Kwak, Sang-hun, 42, 55 Korean Mint Corporation, 568 Kwangmyongsong, 515 INDEX 911

Kwanhun Club, 249, 346, 375, 398 Leach, James, 848 Kwasniewski, Aleksander, 785, 786 Leach, Jim, 304 Kwon, Ho-kyung, 416 LeBlanc, Romeo, 573 Kwon, Ho-ung, 617 Lee, Bong-chang, 664 Kwon, Jung-dal, 246 Lee, Bum-lyul, 155 Kwon, Jung-don, 149 Lee, Bum-suk, 101 Kwon, Rho-kap, 84, 152, 172, 336, Lee, Bu-young, 379, 383, 420, 832 370, 399, 435, 474, 710, Lee, Byung-rin, 142, 144 764, 765 Lee, Byung-wan, 827 Kwon, Yang-sook, 838, 867, 885, 886 Lee, Chan-koo, 370 Kwon, Yul, 391 Lee, Chong-chan, 430, 431, 435, Kye, Eun-suk, 523, 776 461, 474, 479 Kyunghyang Sinmun, 52, 152, Lee, Chong-sok, 623 440, 644 Lee, Choong-jae, 332, 343, 345 Kyunghyang Sinmun Discontinuance Lee, Choon-koo, 325 Incident, The, 52 Lee, Chul, 207 Lee, Chul-hi, 289 Lee, Chul-seung, 64, 113, 119, 120, L 149, 171, 232, 233, 331 LA Times, 215 Lee, Chul-yong, 354, 359 Labor Union Confederation, 39 Lee, Dong-won, 92, 93 Labor-employer-government tripartite Lee, Don-hee, 667 commission, 463, 580, 750, 883 Lee, Don-myung, 416 Laden, Osama Bin, 760 Lee, Do-sun, 46 Lagos, Ricardo (President of Chile), Lee, Eui-geun, 561 808, 809 Lee, Hae-chan, 351, 354, 442, 461, Lama, Dalai, 712, 767 554, 623, 731 Laney, James T., 292, 419, 856 Lee, Hae-dong, 266, 267 Lao Tzu, 551 Lee, Hak-bong, 246, 260, 264 LaRocque, Gene, 311 Lee, Han-dong, 622, 625, 794 Law for the Restoration of Honor and Lee, Han-lim, 70 Compensation for People Related Lee, Hee-ho, 36, 74, 75, 193, 243, to the Democratization 282, 314, 399, 468, 856, Movement, 740, 741, 883 876, 878 Law on Prevention of Domestic Donghaeng; Gonangwa Violence and Protection of yeonggwang-ui Victims, 732 hoejeonmudae, 856 Law on the Ban on Gender Lee, Ho, 94 Discrimination and Relief, 732 Lee, Ho-chul, 267 LDA, see Liberal Democracy Alliance Lee, Hoi-chang, 439, 440, 442, LDP, 572, 600, 619, 621–623, 725, 444–446, 453, 483, 515, 528, 751, 783, 794, 811 529, 555, 558, 572, 620, 666, Le, Kha Phieu, 546 686, 783, 804 912 INDEX

Lee, Hong-koo, 366, 500 Lee, Min-woo, 310, 313, 317–321, Lee, Hui-sung, 253 325, 329, 331 Lee, Hun-jai, 474, 482, 484, 491, Lee Min-woo Plan, 331 652, 750 Lee, Moon-young, 219, 220, 222, Lee, Hu-rak, 116, 137, 161, 162, 235, 248, 249, 251, 262, 199, 205, 213, 647 267, 704 Lee, Hyung-tack, 440 Lee, Moo-Young, 592 Lee, Hyup, 336 Lee, Myung-bak, 845, 850, 851, 854, Lee, Il-kyu, 363 857, 858, 866 Lee, In-ha, 524 Lee, Myung-Woo, 152 Lee, Jae Sung, 383 Lee, Nam-Sun, 750 Lee, Jae-joung, 602 Lee, One-koo, 623 Lee, Jae-keun, 355 Lee, Oo-chung, 218–220, 248, Lee, Jae-man, 438 379, 882 Lee, Jae-Sin, 815 Lee, Sa-churl, 440 Lee, Jang-Hie, 835 Lee, Sae-joong, 416 Lee, Ji-song, 275 Lee, Sang-chul, 181, 757 Lee, Jong-hyok, 826 Lee, Sang-Joo, 875 Lee, Jong-nam, 172 Lee, Sang-soo, 351, 354, 355 Lee, Jong-seok, 622, 806, 833 Lee, Se-kyu, 172 Lee, Jong-wook, 808, 826 Lee, Seok-hyun, 320 Lee, Joung-Binn, 663 Lee, Seok-soo, 426 Lee, Jung-jae, 53, 57, 149 Lee, Shin-bom, 267 Lee, Jung-nam, 586 Lee, So-sun, 139 Lee, Kang Rae, 426 Lee, Soo-in, 390, 391 Lee, Keun-young, 819 Lee, Sung-bong, 426 Lee, Ki-ho, 615, 622, 635, 781, 815, Lee, Sung-ho, 173, 291 819, 840 Lee, Sun-hee, 824 Lee, Ki-hong, 223 Lee, Sun-yi, 75 Lee, Kil-jae, 351, 370 Lee, Tae-bok, 687 Lee, Ki-poong, 40, 41, 52, 53, Lee, Taeck-hee, 331 56, 57, 71 Lee, Taek-don, 207, 223, 267, 331 Lee, Ki-taek, 151, 233, 374, Lee, Tae-sup, 457 379, 400, 429, 430, 432, Lee, Tae-young, 46 433, 882 Lee, Tai-young, 87, 199, 211, 218, Lee, Kuan Yew, 590, 591, 705 220, 221, 350, 364, 416, 550 Lee, Kun-hee, 483 Lee, Ung-no, 111 Lee, Kyung-shik, 457 Lee, Wan-yong, 95 Lee, Kyu-sung, 483, 491, 750 Lee, Won-ho, 623 Lee, Man-sup, 440, 515, 577, Lee, Won-soon, 75 622, 625 Lee, Yeong-jak, 291, 293 Lee, Mi-ja, 655, 824 Lee, Yong-hee, 118, 228, 332, 345, Lee, Mi-Kyung, 584 370, 375 INDEX 913

Lee, Yoon-soo, 172 Lim, Kwon-taek, 823 Lee, Young-kwon, 370 Lim, Su-kyung, 369, 375 Lee, Young-sun, 856 Lim, Tong-ok, 617 Lee, Young-tak, 457 Linton, John, 622 Leeds University, 408 Lipton, David, 458, 459, 840, 841 Leonard, James, 204 Little Prince, The, 284 Lermontov, 280, 564 Liu, Shu Qing, 469, 533 LG, 483, 560, 585, 623 Livelihood Protection Law, 679 Lho, Shin-yong, 334 Local Autonomy Law, 378 Li, Peng, 532 Locke, John, 424 Li, Quan Yu, 424, 425 Logunov, Anatoli, 381 Li, Ruihuan, 423 London School of Economics, 748 Li, Shu Zheng, 533 London University, 405 Liberal Democracy Alliance (LDA), Lord, Winston, 422 457, 459, 461, 473, 474, 487, Louis XVI, King of France, 458 489, 491, 496, 510, 524, LPGA Championships, 499 557, 558 Lu, Qiutian, 827 LDA Policy Committee, 457 Lubbers, R., 372 Liberal Democratic Party, 85, 132, Lundestad, Geir, 712, 713, 722 176, 177, 182, 196, 524, LWR Project, 422 605, 619 Liberal Party, 38, 39, 41, 44–48, 51–53, 56, 60–62, 64, 65, 81, M 115, 392, 524, 604, 878 MacArthur, General, 740 Liberty Bell, 574 Madl, Ferenc, 768 Liberty Medal, 558, 573–576, 883 Maeil Business Newspaper, 794 Liem, Channing, 173, 179, 198 Maeil Sinbo, 5 Light-speed Silk Road, 607 Maeng, Hyung-gyu, 852 Lilley, James, 336 Maengho Medal, 499, 803 Lim, Chae-jung, 351 Magruder, Carter B., 69, 70 Lim, Chang-ryul, 445, 456, 457 Mahajan, P., 758 Lim, Dong-ok, 833 Mahathir, Mohamad Prime Minister Lim, Dong-won, 426, 471, 494, 500, of Malaysia, 534, 535, 546, 539–541, 543, 544, 562, 572, 547, 549 605, 611, 614–619, 622, 632, Mahfouz, Afaf, 587 635–637, 639, 641–644, Maiziere, Lothar de, 408, 413, 417 646–648, 651, 653, 654, 656, Mal, 389 673, 738, 751, 775, 777, 778, Manatt, Charles, 307 796, 799, 801, 806, 807, 815, Manchukuo Imperial Army, 240 827, 830, 832, 835, 856 Manchuria, 15, 240, 868 Lim Dong-won Process, 544 Manchurian Emperor, 240 Lim, Inn, 26 Manchurian Incident, The, 4, 5 914 INDEX

Mandela, Nelson, 439, 456, 498, 499, Mr. Kim Dae-jung’s Mass- 526, 558, 588, 700, 712, Participatory Economy Policy, 715, 737 127; 100 Questions and 100 Long Walk to Freedom, 439 Answers, 879 Manglapus, Raul, 311 Master Nangsan, 90 Mangyongdae Guestbook Incident, Mauroy, Pierre, 472 The, 751 May 10 Agreement, 685 Manhae Grand Prize for Peace, May 16 coup d’état 821, 885 May 16th Coup, 64, 69, 238, 253 Mansfield, Mike, 174, 291 May 16th Incident, 74 Mansudae Art Theater, 632 May 16th Military Coup, 117 Manyubulseong, 843 May 17th Coup d’État, 253, 257 Mao, Zedong, 501, 590, 620 May 17th Incident, 34 Maori, 585 May 18th Gwangju Uprising Mapo Ferry, 28 May 18th Cemetery, 257, 340, 621, March 1 Declaration for Democracy 744, 884 and National Salvation Event, May 18th Committee Entrusted to 228, 232, 264, 373 Control the Situation, 259 March 1st National Salvation May 3 Incheon Demonstration, 322 Declaration, 218, 222, 416, MBC, 109, 438, 600, 635 741, 879, 880 MBC Radio, 854 March 15th Fraudulent Election McCann, David, 284 March 15th Masan Uprising, 102 McConaughy, Walter P., 56 March 15th Park, 744 McDonald’s LPGA Championship, 499 March 1st Movement Media Control Document Allegation March 1st Anti-Japanese Incident, The, 591 Movement, 576 Megawati Sukamoputri, 593 March 1st Independence Movement Meiji Restoration, 519 Day, 218, 297, 534 Menchu, Rigoberta, 834 March 1st Special Amnesty, 286 Mencius, 280, 300 Marcos, Ferdinand, 299, 320, 357 Meng-tzu, 424 Martial Law Administration, 251 Mensius, 511 Martial Law Enforcement Army, MERCOSUR, 764 258, 259 Message for World Peace and Martial Law Enforcement Prosperity, 737 Headquarters, 255, 256 Methodist, 92, 775 Masako, Crown Princess of Japan, 518 Mexican Revolution, 550 Mass-participatory economy system, Michigan University Graduate 129, 302, 879, 881 School, 750 Advocacy for Mass-Participatory Michiko, Empress of Japan, 519 Economic Policy, 126 Middle Eastern Peace negotiations, 766 Mass-Participatory Economy, 129; Middle Eastern Peace Process, 689 A Democratic Alternative for Midong Elementary School, 560 Korea, 129, 302, 881 Milano Project, 607 INDEX 915

Military Revolutionary Committee, 69 Ministry of Unification, 642, 673, Millennium Cabinet, 600 845, 858 Minben Zhengchi, 424 Ministry of Welfare, 487 Mingwondang, 275 Ministry of Women, 725–738, 794, Minhan Party, 310, 316, 317 845, 884 Minister of Agriculture Minja Party, 377, 382, 383, 396, 397, and Forestry, 43 419, 429, 430, 432, 437 Ministerial Conference on Minja Party Election Polling Cooperation for the Committee, 395 Management of Migratory Minjeong Party, 81, 84, 85, 89, 310, Flows Europe-Asia, 696 317, 321, 322, 325, 329, 335, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 338, 339, 345, 350–352, 354, Corruption Incident, The, 52 360, 361, 376, 881 Ministry of Construction and Minjok Ilbo, 72 Transportation, 578, 579 Minjok Sibo, 264 Ministry of Culture and Tourism, 588 Minju cheongnyeon hyeobuihoe, 242 Ministry of Environment, See also Democratic Youth Council 480, 676, 727 Minjuhanguktang, 275 Ministry of Finance and Economy, Minjung Party, 95, 101, 878 486, 487 Minjung theology, 330 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, xii, 205, Minkahyup Human Rights Group, 455 228, 307, 384, 423, 456, 529, Minyechong, 589 615, 663, 665, 841, 882 See also National Federation of Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Artistic and Cultural 487, 512 Organizations Ministry of Home Affairs, 693 Miracle of the Amnok River, 855 Ministry of Industry Mirim Team, 829 and Resources, 487 Missile Technology Control Ministry of Information and Regime, 542 Communication, 487, 551, Missouri State University, 174 753, 845 Mitchell, George, 689 Ministry of Justice, 477, 478, Mitterrand, Francois, 433 568, 739 Miyazawa, Kiichi, 213 Ministry of Labor, 234, 487, 490 Miyoshi, 174 Ministry of Labor and Welfare, 487 Mok, Yo-sang, 379 Ministry of Law, 743 Mokpo Commercial High School, 11, Ministry of National Defense, 394 13, 32, 84, 877 Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, 487 Mokpo Ilbo, 103 Ministry of Planning and Budget, 487, Mokpo Marine Transport Company, 22 488, 562 Mokpo Newspaper Company, 34, 877 Ministry of Reunification, 615 Mokpo Public Commercial School, 13 Ministry of Science and Technology, Mokpo Public First Normal School, 487, 845 11, 877 916 INDEX

Mokpo Public Girl’s High School, 13 Mozi, 551 Mokpo Sinbo Newspaper President Mt. Deokbongsan, 8 Award, 12 Mt. Kumgang Dam Incident, The, Mokpo’s Tears, 11, 449 323, 324 Mokpodae, 11 Mt. Kumgang Incident, The, 852 Mondale, Walter, 308 Mt. Kumgang Tour Cruise, 536 Monde Diplomatique, Le, 835 Mt. Yudalsan, 9, 11, 14, 15, 103, 107 Monde, Le, 215, 835 Mubarak, Muhammad Hosni, 558, Money Transfer to North Korea 559, 615 Incident, 817 Mugijingyeok, 270 Mongolian invasion, 545, 566 Muico, Norma Kang, 852 Mongolian National Assembly, 566 Mukumoto, Isaburo, 13 Monica Lewinsky scandal, 537 Mun, Jeong-hyeon, 220, 221 Moody’s Investors Service, 779 Mun, Se-gwang, 208 Moon, Chae-rin, 319 Mun Se-gwang Incident, 208, 213 Moon, Chung-in, 622, 623, 805, Munch, Edvard, 720 834, 835 Murayama, Tomiichi, 520, 523, 524 Moon, Dong-hwan, 219, 220, 235, Muskie, Edmund, 270, 291 249, 290, 304, 306, 319, 343, My Life, 709 351, 354, 355, 358, 366 Myeongnyang, Decisive Victory of, 846 Moon, Eung-sik, 269 Myeonuhoi, 36 Moon, Hee-gap, 607 Myongji University, 379 Moon, Ik-hwan, 218, 220, 221, 228, 232, 251, 262, 265, 267, 319, 322, 334, 343, 346, 348, 350, N 365–367, 375, 415, 416, Na, Sok-ho, 172 879, 880 Na, Woon-gyu, 823, 824 Moon Ik-hwan Commemorative NAAPSSA, see Nationwide Foundation, 821 Anti-Foreign Forces and Moon, Jae-in, 588 Anti-Dictatorship Patriotic Moon, Myong-ja, 179, 204 Students Struggle Association More, Thomas, 41, 42, 372, 606, NAFTA, 764 873, 878 Nagai, 15 Mori, Yoshiro, 623, 624, 637, Nagano Prefecture, 17 676, 700 Nagoya, 17, 161 Moriarty, James F., 775 Nakasone, Yasuhiro, 465, 469, Moscow Conference of Foreign 472, 524 Ministers of the United States, Nak-Whan, Paik, 623 United Kingdom, and Soviet Nam, Duck-woo, 92 Union, 20 Nam, Jung-hyun, 142, 150 Moscow State University, xii, 380, Namdaemun Market, 581 381, 384, 404, 417, 564 Namgoong, Suek, 550, 553, 753 INDEX 917

Namgyo-dong Police Station Attack National Congress, 263, 266, Incident, The, 47 435–437, 439, 443, 444, 456, Namkung Jin, 327, 370, 395, 403, 474 457, 459, 461, 465, 473, 496, Nam-sun, Paek, 544 510, 515, 557, 558, 576, 577, Nankai University, 423 580, 602, 603, 880 Napoleon, 565, 775 See also National Congress for New Napoleon War, 775 Politics Party Nation’s Soul, 248, 534, 804, 824 National Congress for New Politics, National Academy of Arts of the 435, 603, 883 Republic of Korea, 623 National Congress for New Politics National Agricultural Cooperative Party Federation, 35, 581 See also National Congress National Assembly National Congress for the Recovery Assembly Election Law of Democracy, 209, 373, 879 Amendment, 352 National Congress of Democracy and National Assembly Building, xvi, 55, Unification of Korea (NCDUK), 57, 112, 355, 434, 469 179–181 National Assembly Culture National constituency, 85, 102, and Communication 147–149, 152, 153, 353, 354, 882 Committee, 386 National Council for Families of National Assembly Foreign Affairs Perished National and Democratic and Reunification Committee, Movement Activists, 455 302, 420 National Council for Reunification, National Assembly Investigation 165, 170, 228, 242, 266 Committee, 134 National Defense Commission, 628, National Assemblymen Election 643, 647, 652, 654, 655, 665, Measure, 84 688, 689, 802 National Assembly Special National Defense Commission of the Committee for the Korea–Japan Democratic Peoples’ Republic of Treaty, 92 (North) Korea, 688 National Basic Livelihood Security National Election Commission, 53, National Basic Livelihood Security 145, 148, 448 Act, 678, 812, 883 National Federation of Artistic and National Basic Livelihood Security Cultural Organizations system, 679–681 See also Minyechong National Budget Administration, 561 National Guard Incident, The, National Bulletin, 264 25, 37, 52 National Coalition for Democracy National Guidance Alliance, 25 and Reunification (NCDR), National Headquarters, 334, 335, 337 232, 236, 322, 334, 344, See also National Movement 348, 880 Headquarters for the Abolition National Committee of the Chinese of Constitution Protection and People’s Political Consultative the Winning of Democratic Conference, 423 Constitution 918 INDEX

National Health Insurance Service, 684 National Security Council (NSC), 89, National Human Rights Commission 274, 418, 494, 509, 540, 571, Law, 739, 746 600, 615, 697, 775, 790 National Human Rights Commission, National Security Emergency Measures The, 498, 884 Committee, 266 National Intelligence Service (NIS), National Security Joint Investigation 213, 394, 476, 477, 479, 512, Headquarters, 367 591, 605, 611, 615, 616, 622, National Security Law, 49, 155, 164, 635, 636, 642, 643, 647, 670, 262, 263, 266, 359, 437, 580, 673, 738, 829, 830 634, 636, 739, 743, 744, 810 National Intelligence Service National Security Legislative Committee for Development Committee, 386 Through Truth Examination of National Security Planning Past Incidents, 394 Agency, 476 National Land Building National Tax Service, 528, 558, 562, Headquarters, 67 747, 784, 884 National League of Democratic National Unification Advisory Youth and Students (NLDYS), Council, 623 206, 207, 215 National Unification Grand National Movement Headquarters for Festival, 834 the Abolition of Constitution National Union of Media Workers, 387 Protection and the Winning of National Union of Media Workers Democratic Constitution, 334 Newsletter, 387 (see also Eollon See also National Headquarters nobo) National Museum of Korea, 847 National Unity Promotion National Parents of Arrested Students Council, 444 Council, 388 Nationwide Anti-Foreign Forces and National Pension Service, 682 Anti-Dictatorship Patriotic National People’s Congress, 530 Students Struggle Association See also Renmin Dahuitang (NAAPSSA), 323 National People’s Congress Nationwide Association for Committee, 533 Nationalism and Democracy, 367 National Police Agency, 592, 693 Nationwide Council for National National Police Headquarters Anti- Reconciliation and communism Annex, 333 Cooperation, 614 National Press Club, 99, 132, 165, Nationwide Struggle Committee 418, 419, 540, 806, 840, Against Disgraceful Diplomacy 879, 883 with Japan, 86, 88 National Rally for the Crushing Nationwide Struggle Committee of the National Security Against Three-term Presidency Governance, 369 Constitutional Amendment, National Reunification Council, 181 113, 879 National Salvation Alliance Action Nationwide University Student Group, 192 Representative Council, 369 INDEX 919

Nationwide Youth and Student Nicolai II, King of Russia, 458 Association to Defend, 142 Niebuhr, Reinhold, 280 Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Nihon Shoki, 518 Mongolia, 565 Nikkei, 789 Nauman Foundation, 413 NIS, see National Intelligence Service NBC, 311, 505, 697 Nishimura, Eiichi, 132 NCDR, see National Coalition for Nissan automobiles, 79 Democracy and Reunification Nixon, Pat, 132, 135 NCDUK, see National Congress of Nixon, Richard, 84, 132, 161, 162, Democracy and Unification of 501, 620, 624, 772 Korea Nixon Doctrine, 161 Necktie Troops, 336 NLL, see Northern Limit Line Nehru, Jawaharlal, 435 Nobel Foundation, 719, 723 Netanyahu, Benyamin, 498 Nobel Peace Prize, xii, 330, 371, 419, Neues Forum, 407 584, 615, 689–693, 695, 700, Neutral Nations Supervisory 703, 711–714, 716–720, 722, Commission, 508, 723 734, 737, 758, 766, 767, 802, Neves, Tancredo, 343 813, 828, 830, 844, 849, New Democratic Association Party, 379 856, 884 New Japan-Republic of Korea Nobel Peace Prize Centennial Partnership Towards the Symposium, 767 Twenty-first Century, 526 Nobel, Alfred, 719, 720 New Komeito Party, 132 Nogeunri civilian massacre, 586 New Korea Party, 437, 439, 440, See also Nogeunri Incident 442–444 Nogeunri Incident, 725 New Millennium Democratic Party, See also Nogeunri civilian massacre 602–604, 884 Noguchi, Jinroku, 14 New Millennium Democratic Party Nomura Securities, 485 foundation convention, 602 Non-notification, 368, 437, 580, 743 New People’s Party, 515 Non-nuclear Opening 3000 See also Kungminsindang Policy, 858 New World Order and the North Korea Nuclear Crisis, 539 Relationship Between Korea and North Korean Central Broadcasting Russia, The, 384 Station, 835 New York Times, 179, 215, 295, 301, North Korean Economy Inspection 309, 455, 496, 502, 505, Team, 807 697, 736 North Korean Honor Guard, 628 Newsweek, 241, 314, 315, 697, North Korean National Defense 837, 881 Commission, 688 Nguyen, Cao Ky, 99 North Korean People’s Army, 27 Nguyen, Van Thieu, 99 North Korean Workers and Farmers NHK, 198, 401, 522, 793 Red Guards, 124 920 INDEX

Northern Diplomacy, 383 Office of Planning and Budget, Northern Ireland Peace Process, 689 486, 487 Northern Limit Line (NLL), 536, Office of the Presidential Security, 570, 571 477, 631 Norway National TV, 716 Oh, Jung-hae, 415, 469, 503 Norwegian Confederation of Trade Oh, Tae-sun, 349 Unions, 722 Oh, Yeon-sang, 333 Norwegian School of Economics, 677 Ohira, Masayoshi, 85 Novak, Robert, 793 Ohira-Kim Jong-pil meetings, 90 NPT, see nuclear non-proliferation Ohmae, Kenichi, 813 treatys; Treaty on the Non- Ohmynews, 743 Proliferation of Nuclear Weaponss Ojin, Emperor of Japan, 519 NSC, see National Security Council Okamoto, Atsushi, 523 Nuclear non-proliferation treaty, 827 On Sunday, Sunday Night, 438 See also NPT On the Constitutional Amendment, Nutbom Unification Award, 821, 885 172, 329, 443 On the Declaration of Martial Law, 171 Operation Defeat Kim Dae-jung, O 102, 878 Obama, Barack, 855, 856, 860, Opodae, 14 864, 865 Oral History Project, 834–835 Oberdorfer, Don, 660, 840, 856 Orvan, Viktor, 768 Obuchi, Chizuko, 525, 526, 583, 593 Out of office politicians, Obuchi, Keizo, 520, 521, 523, 621, 113, 257, 879 623, 662 Oxford University, 404–406, 730 October 26, 1976 Incident Ozawa, Ichiro, 524 See also October 26th Incident October 26th Incident, 248, 258, 267 See also October 26th, 1976 P Incident Pachinko Incident, The, 78, 79 October Yusin, 165, 169–183, Paekhwawon State Guesthouse, 629, 355, 879 630, 635 Oe, Kenzaburo, 524 Paik, Haksoon, 835 OECD, 445, 749, 754, 826, 885 Paik, Lak-geoon, 101 Oegyujanggak, 475, 607 Paik, Nak-chung, 215, 857 of Korea, 607 Paik, Nam-june, 503, 786 Office for Government Policy Painted Fire, 823 Coordination, 474, 494 Pak, Chor-eon, 376 Office of Budget, 487 Pak, Dae-in, 220, 592 Office of Central Personnel Pak, Gwan-hyeon, 262 Committee, 486, 487 Pak, Heon-yeong, 20 Office of Chief Secretary For Civil Pak, Jae-gyong, 655 Affairs, 573 Pak, Jong-cheol, 333, 334 INDEX 921

Pak, Jong-cheol Torture Death Park, Jie-won, 465, 471, 562, 589, Incident, The, 333 605, 611, 612, 614, 636, 648, Pak, Nam-gi, 802 652, 655, 666, 765, 771, 791, Pak, Pyeong-seok, 426 805, 815, 819 Pak, Se-ri, 499, 780 Park, Ji-sung, 787 Pak, Sun-cheon, 81, 86, 95, 199 Park, Jong-tae, 237, 249 Pak, Sung-chul, 34, 162, 256 Park, Jong-yul, 172 Palace of Reunification, 616 Park, Joon-young, 632, 651, 663, Palman Daejanggyeong, 566 666, 690, 846 See also Tripitaka Koreana Park, Joon-Yung, 586 Palme, Lisbet, 301, 370 Park, Joo-Sun, 593 Palme, Olof, 370 Park, Jyun-kyu, 65, 360, 364 Panmunjeom, 419, 507–517, 528, Park, Keum-ok, 403, 815 611, 616, 665, 669, 675, 677, Park, Ki-ryun, 623 695, 723, 738, 778, 884 Park, Kun-young, 426 Pansori, 6, 226 Park, Kwon-hum, 235 Park, Chan-jong, 398 Park, Kwonsang, 486, 846 Park, Chan Ho, 505 Park, Kye-dong, 436 Park, Chong-hwa, 426 Park, Kyung-Ree, 569 Park, Chung-hee, 46, 67, 68, 70, 71, Park, Moon-soo, 370 73, 80–90, 101, 104, 112, 115, Park, Sang-chun, 846 120, 123, 125, 132, 140–145, Park, Sang-kwon, 622 147, 157, 167, 170, 172, 175, Park, Sang-kyu, 435 180, 192, 199, 200, 217, 218, Park, Seh-jik, 368 230–232, 236–241, 245, 248, Park, Se-kyung, 207, 223 253, 279, 297, 303, 373, 377, Park, Se-ri, 780 392, 395, 460, 562, 645, 712, Park, Seh-jik, 368 769, 832, 861, 878 Park, Seok-moo, 354, 386 Park, Chung-hoon, 147, 152 Park, Seon-ok, 629 Park, Chung-soo, 500 Park, Sun Sook, 771, 815 Park, Dae-shik, 133 Park, Sung-bae, 814 Park, Geun-hye, 241, 645, 779 Park, Sung-chul, 34, 256 Park, Hae-chung, 331 Park, Tae-joon, 374, 443, Park, Han Soo, 872 444, 455, 489, 524, Park, Han-sang, 151, 331 572, 600, 621 Park, Hee-do, 347 Park, Tongsun, 229 Park, Hee-tae, 394 Park Tongsun Lobby Scandal, 229 Park, Ho-duk, 320 Park, Tu-jin, 592 Park, Hong, 416 Park, Yong-man, 332 Park, Hyung-chae, 127 Park, Young-rok, 68, 100, 232, Park, Ik-soo, 36 355, 379 Park, In-sang, 463 Park, Young-sook, 351, 353–355, 379 922 INDEX

Parliamentary government system, 38, People’s Participation Unified New 317, 318, 325, 329, 331, 376, Party (PPUNP), 822 377, 429, 443, 488, 588, People’s Party of Korea, 21 862, 882 People’s Peaceful Grand March to Win Patriotic Youth National Salvation a Democratic Constitution, 338 Alliance, 194 People’s Republic of Joseon, 19 Pavarotti, Luciano, 664 People’s Revolutionary Party, Pax Americana, 820 206, 207, 741 PCNC, see Preparatory Committee for People’s Revolutionary Party National Construction Incident, 843 Peace and Democracy Party, 344, 882 Perry Process, 544 Peace Bank, 482 Perry, William, 537, 539–544 Peace Foundation, 412–427, 435, Persson, Göran, 658, 723, 745, 822, 441, 829 827, 885 Peace Line, 85 Peter the Great, 564 Peace Maker, 617 PGA tour, 803 Peace Research Institute Oslo Phan, Van Khai, 546 (PRIO), 417 Pharmaceutical Law, 685, 686 Peaceful Reunification of Fatherland Philippine Freedom and Democracy Committee, 365 Medal, 357 Pearl S. Buck International, 723 Phillip, Prince of United Kingdom, Pennsylvania Honor Guard, 574 541, 560 Peojugi, 842 Ping pong diplomacy, 160, 162 Peo-ogi, 842 PK regime, 392 People’s Army, 27, 29–32, 37, Planning and Budget Committee, 474, 652, 655 487, 489, 561 People’s Committee, 19, 20, 30 Pledge Event to End Military People’s Council to Defend Dictatorship and Regional Democracy, 142 Antagonism by Yeongnam and People’s Culture Palace, 632 Honam Citizens, 345 People’s Daily, 456 Poitras, Edward, 220, 592 People’s Event for the Abolition of Political Activities Regulation Law, 294 Constitution Protection, 335 Political Fund Law, 436 People’s Event for the Condemnation Political Party Act, 325 of Torture Homicide Cover-up Political Party Corruption Cleanup and Fabrication, the Abolition of policy, 71 Constitution Protection, and the Political Purge Act, 75 Winning of Democratic Pong, Tu-wan, 302, 303 Constitution, 335 Porter, William J., 130 People’s Government, 469, 470, 492, POSCO, 443, 489, 673 493, 496, 510, 513, 534, Powell, Colin, 734–736, 775, 556, 603 799, 840 INDEX 923

Preparation and Planning Pungsangae dogs, 662 Committee, 615 Pushkin, Aleksandr, 280, 562, 564 Preparatory Committee for National Putin, Vladimir, 620, 672, 673, 721, Construction (PCNC), 19, 877 733, 762, 778 Presidential Commission for Anti- Pyeonghwa Minju Party, 344, 882 Corruption, 746 See also Pyeongmin Party Presidential Commission on Education Pyeonghwa Motors, 622 and Human Resources, 728 Pyeongmin Party, 34, 344, 345, Presidential Commission on 348–354, 358, 362–364, 369, Government Innovation, 486, 800 370, 375, 376, 378, 385–388, Presidential Commission on Policy 390, 393, 882 Planning, 831 See also Pyeonghwa Minju Party Presidential Commission on Small and Pyongyang Broadcasting, 395, 446, Medium Businesses, 784 493, 509 Presidential Commission on Suspicious Pyongyang Declaration, 795 Death, 741 Presidential Commission on Sustainable Development, Q 675, 676 Qian, Qichen, 532 Presidential Commission on Women’s Qing Dynasty, 410, 521 Affairs, 620, 732 Quantum Group of Funds, 465 Presidium of the Supreme People’s Quinn, Anthony, 550 Assembly of North Korea, 581, 647, 674 Primorsky Krai, 58 R PRIO, see Peace Research Institute Ra, Jong-il, 426, 435 Oslo RAFTO Prize for Human Rights, 677 Pritchard, Charles, 697 Rafto, Thorolf, 677 Pritchard, Jack, 840 Rainey, James, 472 Prodi, Romano, 476, 693, 768 Ramos, Fidel, 472 Progressive Party, 62 Ramos-Horta, José, 584, 711, Project for a Euro-Asian Network for 716, 827 the Monitoring and Control of Ranard, Donald L., 130 Communicable Diseases, 696 Ranger Commando Force, 257 Pro-North Korean Residents’ League, Rau, Johannes, 608, 609 181, 206, 665 Reagan, Nancy Davis, 274, 290, 299, Propaganda Control Office, 388 302, 303, 505, 772, 775 Public Corporation Privatization Reagan, Ronald, 271, 274 Plan, 489 Red Cross, 76, 126, 175, 492, 602, Public Prosecutors Office, 739, 747, 623, 656, 674, 834, 839 771, 783, 803, 810, 830, 854, Referendum Rejection Day, 215 866, 867 Reform School, 62, 63 924 INDEX

Regional Antagonism, xvi, 83, 143, Review of United States Policy Toward 145–147, 150, 153, 239–241, North Korea: Findings and 341, 343, 345, 346, 355, 376, Recommendations, 544 385–393, 396–398, 401, 403, Revolutionary Army, 71 432, 447, 457, 557, 561, Revolutionary Front for an 598, 862 Independent East Timor, Reischauer, Edwin O., 174, 204, 205, 584, 711 300, 377 Revolutionary Pledges, 68, 74 Remengesau, Tommy, 785 Rhee, In-je, 439, 440, 444, 447, 453, Renault Group, 608 515, 602 Rendell, Edward, 574 Rhee, Syng-man, 19, 20, 23–27, 36, Renmin Dahuitang, 530 38, 40–42, 49, 51–59, 63, 65, See also National People’s Congress 66, 83, 85, 96, 115, 126, 129, Report-Back Event of the Educational 172, 177, 217, 219, 239, 240, Reform Toward the New 248, 297, 305, 377, 392 Millennium, 729 Rhee Syng-man Line, 85 Republic, 19, 23, 51, 69–71, 73, 85, Rhyu, Sang-young, 835, 859 92, 112, 113, 164, 167, 192, Rhyu, See-choon, 875 193, 235, 276, 280, 288, 349, Rice, Condoleezza, 775, 799 355–361, 364, 383, 386–388, Right of collective bargaining, 340 427, 469, 470, 500, 503, 520, Right of organization, 292, 293, 340, 522, 534, 538, 558, 608–610, 588, 739, 740, 744 614, 617, 633, 637, 645, 647, Rinnai Korea, 623 659, 690, 722, 738, 740, 785, River Geumgang, 415 793, 797, 813–815, 867, Ro, Paul-M, 41, 878 884, 885 Roaldkvam, Gunnar, 714 Republic of Korea Army College, 477 Rogers, William P., 130, 418, 539 Republican Party, 40, 76, 78, 80–84, Roh, Moo-hyun, 359, 374, 379, 444, 90, 91, 105, 114–117, 123, 125, 457, 510, 619, 761, 781, 130, 135, 140, 141, 144, 150, 804–807, 810, 813, 814, 152, 153, 157, 167, 174, 229, 817–819, 822, 825, 827, 833, 235, 236, 245, 249, 271, 345, 836–838, 841, 844, 846, 861, 354, 372, 377, 422, 735 866–868, 885, 886 Respect-for-the-elderly pension Roh, Sin-young, 287, 288 plan, 681 Roh, Sung-hwan, 332, 345 Restoration of Honor and Roh, Tae-woo, 73, 247, 321, 329, Compensation for People Related 335, 338, 339, 345–350, 354, to the Democratization 356, 358–366, 369, 373–378, Movement, The, 883 381–383, 397, 401, 426, 436, Reunion of dispersed family 439, 440, 462, 469, 490, 511, members, 493 727, 881–883 INDEX 925

Romans, 222, 297, 403, 476, 517, Samaranch, Juan Antonio, 337, 469, 693, 768 615, 675 Rotblat, Joseph, 827 Samcheong Education Camp, 275 Roth, Stanley, 697 Samhakdo Island, 11, 15 Round-up Constitutional Amendment, Samjeongdo sword, 770 41, 52 Samminhoe, 90 Royal Institute of International Affairs, Samsung 405 Samsung Automobile, 485, 486, 608 Rubin, Robert, 749, 840, 841 Samsung Electronics Company, 668 Rumsfeld, Donald, 736 Samsung SDS, 550 Russell, Bertrand, 280 Sanchez, Oscar Arias, 424, 712 Russian Foreign Ministry, 469, Sangdo-dong Faction, 209, 318, 331, 511–512 332, 342, 429 Russo-Japanese War, 166, 705, 869 Sangmudae Army Training Facilities Rutgers University, 129 Corruption Incident, The, 428 Ryo, Won-gu, 631 Sangnoksu troops, 584 Ryuk-ryuk nalgaetang, 632 Santa Clara University, 504 Sapio, 813 Sasaki, Hidenori, 523 S Sasanggye, 40, 67, 216, 467, 878 Sado, Crown Prince of Joseon, 845 Schiller, Friedrich, 608 Sadovnici, Victor, 417 Schindler’s List, 415 Saemaeul Movement, 239 Schofield, Frank W., 576 Saenara Automobile Incident, The, Schröder, Gerhard, 721, 757, 822 78, 79 Schultz, George P., 331, 332, 338 Saenara Automobile Manufacturing Science and Technology Cooperation Company, 79 on Forestry Conservation and Saffron Revolution, 844 Sustainable Development, 696 Saganwon, 301 Scientists and Technologists Saheonbu, 301 Conference to Open the New Sahoedaejung Party, 63 Millennium, 594 Sahyeong, 270 Scott, Hugh, 174 St. Augustine, 271, 280 Sea Land Youth Training Camp, 573 Saint-Exupery, 284 Second Battle of Yeonpyeong, 790 Sainyeocheon, 300 See also Second Yeonpyeong Naval Sajasohak, 8 Battle Sajik-dong team, 693 Second National Guard Incident, Sakamoto, Ryoma, 519 The, 52 Sakharov, Andrei, 303, 497, 564, 715 Second Peace Conference, 409 Sakura, 86, 88, 118 Second Yeonpyeong Naval Battle, 571 Sakyamuni, 551 See also Second Battle of Salvation Army, 689 Yeonpyeong 926 INDEX

Secretary for Public Office Seoul National University Hospital, Discipline, 600 226, 284, 285, 288, 294, Security by Four Powerful Countries 723, 880 policy, 124 Seoul National University Seditious Documents Delivery International Vaccine Incident, The, 52 Institute, 803 Seeking Truth Grounded on Concrete Seoul Olympics, 320, 337, 347, 357, Evidence, 14, 24, 293, 495, 358, 360, 361, 383, 585 532, 832 Seoul Peace Prize, 526 Segye gyeongje jeonmang, 511 Seoul Spring, 113, 199, 244–253, Sejo, King of Joseon, 555 276, 704 Sejong Institute, The, 622, 623 Seoul Station Retreat, 252 Sejong, King of Joseon, 555 Seoul-Pyongyang Soccer Match, 638 Sekai, 173, 180, 296, 298, 523 Seoul-Sinuiju train line, 642 Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Seoul-Wonsan train line, 672 131, 177, 735 Separation of pharmacy and clinic, Seo, Dong-kown, 334, 368, 369 684–687, 884 Seo, Eui-hyun, 416 September 11 Attack, 760, 765 Seo, Hwa-dam, 521 See also 9/11 terrorist attack Seo, Jae-pil, 24, 574 September 28 UN Incheon See also Jaisohn, Philip Landing, 31 Seo, Nam-dong, 219, 220, 248, 267 Sepung, 528 Seo, Seok-jai, 374, 432 Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques, 730 Seo, Taiji, 824 Severance Medical School Seo, Hwa-dam, 521 Severance Hospital, 335, 339, 378, Seong, Nae-un, 351 446, 830, 876, 885, 886 Seonguja, 565, 721 Severance Union Medical Seoul Bohun Hospital, 622 School, 75 Seoul Declaration for Peace on the Seymour, Jane, 720 Korean Peninsula, 694, 696 Sherman, Wendy, 663, 688, 697, Seoul District Court, 207, 220, 363 698, 840 Seoul District Criminal Court, 155 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 380 Seoul International Conference of Shiba, Ryotaro, 523 NGOs, 587 Shim, Mi-son, 792 Seoul National University Shim, Sang-myung, 803 Seoul National University College of Shim, Soo-kwan, 553, 554 Arts and Sciences, 202, 206 Shin, Chik-soo, 157 Seoul National University College of Shin, Do-hwann, 53, 331 Education, 74 Shin, Dongcheon, 822 Seoul National University Graduate Shin, hong-bum, 389 School of Public Shin, Hyo-sun, 792 Administration, 413 Shin, Hyung-won, 824 INDEX 927

Shin, Hyun-hwak, 252, 253, 524, 561 Sino-Japanese War, 12, 166, 297, 624, Shin, Ik-hui, 40, 41, 52 705, 752, 869 Shin, Jung-mok, 37 Sinpung Association, 63, 64 Shin, Kuhn, 738, 830 Sinsegye, 40 Shin, Kwang-ok, 600 Sissel, 720 Shin, Nak-Kyun, 416, 435, 515 Six Articles on the State of Affairs Shin, Seong-mo, 26, 37 Control, 252, 880 Shin, Seon-ryeon, 306 Six-Party Talks, xi, 125, 821, 827, Shin, Soon-bum, 435 831, 834, 837, 855, 864 Shindonga, 126, 429 Six Revolutionary Pledges, 68 Shiomiya, Kazuo, 700 SK, 483, 623 Shipley, Jenny, 581, 583, 585 Skeleton Unit, 357, 379 Shiri, 589, 676, 823 Slot Machine and Casino Incident, Showa, Emperor of Japan, 4 The, 428 Shu, Do-won, 206 Slush Fund Scandal, 436 Sigur, Gaston J., 338 Smith, Dan, 417 Sijo poem, 285, 286 Social Democratic Party, 330, 370, Silicon Valley, 504, 505, 552 407, 443, 524, 631 Silmido, 823 Socialist International (SI), 275, 370 Silmido Incident, The, 156 Socialist International, Silver Crown Culture Medal, 553 West Germany, 275 Sim, Ki-sup, 293 Socialist Party, 177, 178, 311, Simon, Paul, 304 443, 520 Singanhoe Association, 4 SOFA, 792, 793 Single-member electorate system, See also U.S.–South Korea Status of 351, 352 Forces Agreement Sinhan Democratic Party, 310 Softbank, 753, 755, 839 Sinhan Party, 313 Sogang University, 92 Sinmin Party, 20, 21, 25, 62, 65, 70, Sohn, Byung-doo, 623, 625 101, 113, 117–120, 130, Sohn, Hak-kyu, 846 133–137, 140, 144, 145, 147, Sohn, Kee-chung, 804 149, 150, 152, 153, 157–159, Solana, Javier, 745 164, 171, 187, 200, 208, 209, Solarz, Stephen, 290, 291, 304, 321 215, 216, 229, 232, 234, 235, Solzhenitsyn, 564 243, 245, 247, 248, 252, 294, Son, Jeong-ui, 752, 753, 755, 839 310, 316–322, 329, 331, 332, See also Son, Masayoshi 379, 877–881 Son, Joo-hang, 355 See also Sinminju yeonhap Party Son, Kil-seung, 623 Sinmin Party National Convention, Son, Masayoshi, 752 232, 307, 879 See also Son, Jeong-ui Sinminju yeonhap Party Song, Chi-gang, 12 See also Sinmin Party Song, Gi-in, 588 928 INDEX

Song, Gi-won, 265, 267 South-North Summit, 419, 420, Song, Ho-gyong, 611, 612, 628, 648 658, 660 Song, Ja, 416, 667 Spadolini, Giovanni, 372 Song, Kun-ho, 211, 267, 389 Special Act on Domestic Violence Song, Min-soon, 663, 840 Crime Punishment, 732 Song, Sun-keon, 178 Special Act on Three Large Rivers, Song, Won-young, 171 770, 884 Song, Yo-chan, 57 Special Commission for Electronic Song, Young Joo, 52 Government, 756 Sonn, Se-il, 558 Special Commission of SMEs, 562 Sono, Ayako, 525 Special Committee for Amendment of Sopyonje, 415 Laws for the Development of Soros, George, 465 Democracy, 357 Sound of a Seed, 373 Special Committee for Anti- South and North Korean Accord, viii, corruption, 579 648, 651, 659, 796 Special Committee for Gwangju, South Korean Marine Corps, 33 358, 359 South Korean Red Cross, 492 See also Special Committee for the South-North Basic Agreement, Investigation of the Truth of 426, 470 the May 18 Gwangju South-North Committee for the Democratization Movement Promotion of Economic Special Committee for Reunification Cooperation, 779 Policies, 357 South-North confederation system, 641 Special Committee for the Basic South-North Cooperation Fund, 666 Discussion of Constitutional South-North Defense Ministers’ Amendment, 209 Meeting, 677 Special Committee for the Dissolution South-North Economic Cooperation of Regional Antagonism, 357 Commission, 639 Special Committee for the Fifth South-North Economic Cooperation Republic, 358, 359 Stimulation Measures, 495 See also Special Committee for the South-North High-Level Investigation of the Fifth Negotiations, 639 Republic’s Corruption from South-North Joint Commission, 175 Political Power South-North Joint Communiqué, Special Committee for the 126, 161–163, 165, 613, 879 Investigation of Frauds in the South-North Joint Military Two Recent Elections, 357 Commission, 637, 639 Special Committee for the South-North Korean Summit, 671 Investigation of the Fifth South-North Ministerial Meeting, 799 Republic’s Corruption from South-North Red Cross Conference, Political Power, 357 126, 175, 674 See also Special Committee for the South-North Sports Conference, 319 Fifth Republic INDEX 929

Special Committee for the State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Investigation of the Truth of the 331, 338, 422, 497, 798 May 18 Gwangju State Textbook Company, 489 Democratization Movement, 357 Stepashin, Sergei, 562 See also Special Committee for Stock Crisis, 78 Gwangju Stockholm University, 371 Special Committee for the Release of Stoltenberg, Jens, 713 Political Prisoners and Discharge Straight Talk About the Korean of the Wanted for Political Martial Law in Effect, 173 Reasons, 357 Straub, Bruno, 372 Special Concert to Collect Dollars, 473 Strike Instigation Allegation, 577 Special Envoy for Foreign Study of History, A, 225, 280 Collaboration, 458 Suares, Mario, 410 Special Envoy for the Korean Peace Süddeutsche Zeitung, 456 Talks, 537, 697 Suh, Hun, 611 Special Law for the Truth-Finding and Suh, Ji-moon, 415 Recovery of Honor for Victims of Suh, Kyung-won, 367–370, 375, 389, the Jeju April 3 Incident, The, 740 391, 478, 882 Special Law for the Truth-Finding of Suh, Kyung-won Illegal Visit to the Suspicious Deaths, 740, 741, 883 North Incident, The, 367 Special Measure Act for the Reform of Suh, Sang-mok, 558 Political Climate, 310 Suh, Young-hoon, 416, 602 Special Presidential Declaration for the Sul, Hoon, 263, 267, 320, 442 Self-Respect and Prosperity of the Sun, Dong-yeol, 523 Korean Nation, 366 Sunday Mainichi, 173 Special Statement Concerning the SungKongHoe University, 602 Defeat of Vietnam, 212 Sunshine Front, 537 Special Statement Regarding Foreign Sunshine Policy, x, xi, xiii, 421, 425, Policy for Peace and 426, 493, 495, 500, 501, 503, Reunification, 178 508–510, 516, 517, 531, 536, Specter, Arlen, 311 538, 571, 572, 576, 603, 609, Spiegel, Der, 866 614, 634, 663, 677, 690, 714, Splendid vacation, 260 716, 734–737, 751, 762, 772, Spring Friendship Art Festival, 613 773, 775, 791, 798, 804, 812, Spring-Welcoming Cherry Blossom 836, 837, 845, 848, 856 Festival Show Speaker of the Sunwoo, Hwi, 201, 202 National Assembly, 140 Supreme Committee, 51, 55, 119, 379 Ssukdaemeori, 6 Supreme Council, 40, 76, 80–82, 95, Stalsett, Gunnar Johan, 713 374, 764, 765, 856 Standard-Bearers in Their Forties, 118 Supreme People’s Assembly (SPA), Standing Committee of the National 516, 531, 543, 581, 628, 631, People’s Congress, 532 647, 655, 670, 674 Stanford University, 504, 829 Supreme People’s Assembly Law, 165 930 INDEX

Supreme Prosecutor, 568 Than Shwe, 594 Supreme Public Prosecutors Third Wave, The, 281, 551, 723 Office, 441 Three Hauido Islands Museum of Suspected Kidnapping and Farmers Movement, 863 Confinement Incident Three Kingdoms Period, 143 Investigation, 199–200 Three Powder Incidents, 78, 83 Suu Kyi, Aung San, 526, 538, 588, Three-Term Presidency Constitutional 594, 672, 712, 716 Amendment, 112–117, 132, 879 Suyang, Prince of Joseon, 555 Tiger Division, 98 Suzuki, Zenko, 523 See also Capital Mechanized Infantry Sydney Olympics, 638, 800 Division Symposium on Law Enforcement Tillelli, John, 541 Organs’ Cooperation in Time magazine, 176, 432 Combating Transnational Times, The, 475, 691 Crimes, 696 Titanic, 547 System of having medium-sized Tji, Hak-soon, 207 electoral districts, 352 TK regime, 392 System of proportional Toffler, Alvin, 281, 491, 551, 723, representation, 580 752, 753, 839, 840 Toji, 569, 570 Toji Cultural Center, 569, 570 T Tokuda Farm, 4 Tae Guk Gi: The Brotherhood Tokuda, Yashichi, 4 of War, 823 Tokyo Broadcasting, 605 Taehan maeil sinbo, 559 Tokyo Foods, 63 Taepodong, 515 Tonghap Minjudang Party, 846 Taisho, Emperor of Japan, 4 Tonghwa Bank Incident, The, Taisho Democracy, 4 427–428 Takano, Toshiyuki, 799 Tongil Juche Gugminhoeui, 170, 175 Takeiri, Yoshikatsu, 132 Tongil Kukmin Party, 382 Takeshima, 93 Tongil Minju Party, 332 Takesita, Noboru, 524 Tongilsahoe Party, 63 Taliban, 744, 745, 760 Torch of Peace, 713 Tanaka, Kakuei, 132, 159, 203, Toronto Sun, 788 204, 478 Toynbee, Arnold, 225, 280, 549 Tang, Jiaxuan, 529, 827, 859 Trade Facilitation Action Plan TBC, 174 (TFAP), 476 Tea, Wan-son, 65 Trading with the Enemy Act, 662 Team Spirit, 414, 418 Tran, Duc Luong, 545 Teargas Bomb Expulsion Day, 337 Trans-Eurasia Information Network, Tennyson, Alfred, 587 696, 797 TFAP, see Trade Facilitation Trans-Eurasia Network, 607 Action Plan Transportation Ministry, 79 INDEX 931

Trans-Siberian Railway, 672, 733 UN Special Session Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of on Children, 783 Nuclear Weapons, 408 UN World Food Program, 543 See also Nuclear non-proliferation United Nations Convention on the treaty (NPT) Law of the Sea, 521 Trinity, The, 304 United Nations General Tripitaka Koreana, 566 Assembly, 745 See also Palman Daejanggyeong United Nations Security Council, Truth of the Kim Dae-jung Rebellion 516, 745, 821 Incident Conspiracy, 704 United Nations Temporary Tufts University Fletcher School, 860 Commission on Korea, 23 Tungsten Export Contract Incident, United States and Third World The, 63 Democracy, The, 309 Turtle Ship, 607 United States Special Envoy for the Tutu, Desmond, 767 Korean Peace Talks, 537 Twin Towers, The, 759 University of Chicago, 174 Two Koreas, The, 660 University of Malaysia, 853 University of Portland, 848 University of San Francisco, 829 U University of Sydney, 585 UCLA, 813 University of Tokyo, 312 Uji no Wakiiratsuko, Crown Prince of University of Tokyo Kang, 832 Japan, 519 University Student Union, 250 Ulsan Industrial Complex, 100 Uri Party, 822, 825, 826, 831, Unconditional Opposition to Korea- 832, 846 Japan Conference, 86 See also Yeollin Uri Party UNESCO Memory of the World, 566 Uribyeol, 559 Unification Assembly, 795 US armed forces in Korea, 231, 622, Unification by Armed Conquest of the 634, 645, 646, 658, 662, North policy, 26 705, 706 Unification Research Institutes, U.S. Department of State, 178, 309, 826, 885 421, 663, 688, 697, 740, Unified Democratic Party, 229 743, 840 Unified Presidential Candidate US-DPRK missile negotiations, 637 Agreement Signing U.S.-ROK security alliance, 735 Ceremony, 443 U.S. State Department Human Rights Unified Silla, 165 Report, 303 United Nations U.S.–South Korea Status of Forces UN General Assembly, 198, 379, 744 Agreement, 672 UN Human Rights Council, 739 See also SOFA UN Millennium Summit, Utsunomiya, Tokuma, 176, 177, 196, 660, 670, 671 420, 700 932 INDEX

V Westminster University, 174 Van Fleet Award, 838, 885 Wetland Preservation Law, 676 Vandenbroke, Hans, 372 White Book of Presidential Election Vanderbilt University, 783 Frauds, 349 Vanderbilt University Award for White paper, 161, 261, 462 Moral Leadership, 783 White, Thomas, 312 Vanished, 415 Wickham Jr., John A., 276 Veltroni, Walter, 827, 885 Williams, Betty, 827 Vietnam War, 98, 101, 156, 212, Win, Sein, 424 501, 545 Winter Sonata, 776 Visit Korea Year, 590 WMDs, 819 Vogel, Ezra, 300, 848 Wolfensohn, James, 455, 504 Voice of America, 265 Woman of the Year Award, 723 Von Weizsäcker, Richard, viii, 307, Won, Gyun, 391 308, 311, 381, 408, 413, 469, Won-Buddhism, 416 472, 830, 831 Wonkwang University, 417 Worker dispatch system, 464 Workers Newspaper, 388 W Workers’ Party of South Korea Jeju Wada, Haruki, 284, 312 Branch, 742 Wahid, Abdurrahman, 593, 706 Workers’ compensation Walesa, Lech, 303, 456, 499, 558, insurance, 681 712, 767, 827 Workers’ Party of Korea, The, 21, Walker Hill Incident, The, 78, 79 393, 617, 628, 635, 647, 655, Walker, Richard, 276 673, 833 Wall Street Journal, 456, 460 World Bank, 455, 470, 504 Wang, In, 518 World Cup, 443, 590, 638, 664, 762, War Against Terrorism, 766, 767 765, 770, 776, 778, 780, War on Terror, 760 785–792, 797, 801, 813, Washington Post, 132, 215, 229, 270, 834, 851, 852 455, 505, 658, 691, 697, 699, World Festival of Youth and 735, 736, 793 Students, 369 Washington University, 174 World Health Assembly, 826 Wa-u Apartment Collapse Incident, World Health Organization (WHO), The, 128 808, 826, 885 We Shall Overcome, 269 World Short Track Speed Skating Weekly Chosun, 385, 387 Championships, 780 Weekly Post, 173 World Statesman Award, 760 Welch, Jack, 752 World Summit of Nobel Peace Welt, Die, 870 Laureates, 827, 834, 853, Wesley, John, 776 885, 886 West Coast Era, 769 World Table Tennis Western Sea Battle, 791, 795 Championships, 161 INDEX 933

World Trade Fair, 763 Yeungnam University, 115, 390, WTO, 694, 757, 763 832, 885 WTO system, 548 YH Industry YH Labor Union, 234 YH Labor Union Incident, 741 X YH Labor Union’s Sit-down Strike Xi, Jinping, 863, 864, 886 at the Sinmin Party Xun, Kuang, 551 Headquarters Incident, 234 Yi, Beom-seok, 40 Yi, Geun-pal, 173, 179, 182, 290, Y 291, 293, 312 Yakuza, 197 Yi, Hae-dong, 220, 251 Yanan, 20 Yi, Han-yeol, 335, 337, 339 Yang, Bong-Ryull, 828, 841 Yi, Hun, 849 Yang, El-dong, 154, 171, 187, 194, Yi, Il-ha, 622 197, 216 Yi, Jun, 409, 410 Yang, Hyong-sop, 631 Yi, Nam-gyu, 19 Yang, Soon-jik, 34, 237, 332, 343, 345 Yi, Nan-yeong, 11 Yang, Sung-chul, 775 Yi, Saek, 521 Yang, Sung-sook, 770 Yi, San, 845 Yang, Sung-woo, 351, 354 Yi, Seong-gye, 855 Yang, Young-shik, 615 Yi, Seon-sil, 393, 394 Yano, Junya, 132 Yi, Seon-sil Spy Ring Incident, Yasue, Ryosuke, 180, 296, 312, 523 The, 393 Ye, Choon-ho, 237, 248, 249, 251, Yi, Sun-sin, 11, 391, 846 262, 267, 287, 511 Yi, Toegye, 521 Yechong, 589 Yi, Yulgok, 521 See also Federation of Artistic and Yim, Sung Joon, 775, 799, 806, 815 Cultural Organizations of Yomiuri Simbun, 298 Korea Yon, Hyong-muk, 655, 656 Yeltsin, Boris, 563 Yong-gun, 228, 351 Yeo, Un-hyeong, 19, 20, 23, 877 Yongpari Incident, The, 332 Yeollin Uri Party, 822 Yongsan Branch of the National See also Uri Party Agricultural Cooperative Yeongsin Inn, 11 Federation, 581 Yeongwol Dam, 578, 676 Yonhap News, 697 Yeonpyeong Naval Battle, 571, 603 Yonsei University Yeosu-Suncheon Incident, 26 Yonsei University Institute of East See also Yeosu-Suncheon Rebellion and West Studies, 413 Incident Yonsei University Reunification Yeosu-Suncheon Rebellion Incident, 82 Studies Institute, 623 See also Yeosu-Suncheon Incident Yoo, Chong-ha, 457 934 INDEX

Yoo, Ihn-tae, 207 Yun, Gyeong-bin, 208 Yoo, Jay-kun, 435, 446 Yun, I-sang, 829 Yoo, Jei-yeun, 345 Yun I-sang Peace Foundation, 829 Yoo, Joon-sang, 379, 435 Yun, Jong-yong, 623 Yoo, Ki-hong, 173 Yun, Po-sun, 61, 70, 81, 82, 85, 89, Yoo, Sang-chul, 786 93, 95, 101, 205, 207, 215, 216, Yoon, Chul-sang, 474 218–220, 232, 251, 879 Yoon, Giel-joong, 65, 119, 151 Yusin Yoon, Hoo-jung, 474 Yusin Constitution, 170, 172, 175, Yoon, Hyung-doo, 40 205, 209, 212, 214, 216, 232, Yoon, I-sang, 111 242, 243, 246, 357 Yoon, Phillip, 541, 560 Yusin coup d’état, 171 You, Jong-keun, 129, 302, 457–459 Yusin dictatorship, 202, 221, 236, Young, Amy, 311 342 Young, Andrew, 292, 799 Yusin Political Friendship Youth Council to Defend Democracy, Association, 235 142 Yusin regime, 144, 147, 177, 202, Yu, Chin-o, 101, 104, 110, 117, 384 214, 216, 218, 231, 232, 235, Yu, In-ho, 267 237, 247, 248, 352, 879 Yu, Jin-san, 60, 118, 119, 137, 147, YWCA, 36, 74, 248, 880 149, 152–154, 187, 208, 209 YWCA Fake Wedding Incident, Yu, Seong-ryong, 560 The, 242 Yuan dynasty, 410, 520, 566 Yujeonghoe, 235 Yuk, Young-soo, 207 Z Yun, Bong-gil, 249, 664 Zhu, Rongji, 475, 529, 532, 593, 763