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The Effort of Global Peace Foundation in Building Peace Between South Korea and North Korea

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The Effort of Global Peace Foundation in Building Peace Between South Korea and North Korea The Effort of Global Peace Foundation in Building Peace between South Korea and North Korea Alviana Nabilah Zimam 20130510121 Abstract The conflict between South Korea and North Korea is a prolonged conflict since 1945. Many states have involved to reconcile and solve the problem between these two states. Unfortunately, the problem solving is failed until now. However, many of NGOs have involved reconciling South Korea and North Korea. Global Peace Foundation (GPF) is one of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) concerned on peacebuilding that also tries to solve this problem. This undergraduate thesis will analyze how the effort of Global Peace Foundation in building peace between South Korea and North Korea. In order to describe it, this undergraduate thesis using concept of Peace by Johan Galtung and concept of NGO’s Role by David C. Korten. The data collected in this undergraduate thesis are primary data from GPF’s member as the relevant parties, and secondary data from books, journals, and articles. This research found that GPF build peace between South Korea and North Korea by campaigning the unification of Korea in Korean peninsula and worldwide level. Keywords: South Korea, North Korea, INGO, Global Peace Foundation, Peacebuilding, Unification of Korea Introduction Peninsula is the government of South Global Peace Foundation (GPF) is an Korea. This decision was increasing the International Non-Governmental tension between South Korea and North Organization (INGO) that concern on Korea and triggered war since 1950-1953 peacebuilding. GPF’s vision is “one family (Seung-Yoon & Setiawati, Sejarah Korea: under God”. GPF is active in solving the Sejak Awal Abad Hingga Masa conflict in several regions to achieve peace Kontemporer, 2003) After three years of and create better life for all people. One of war, South Korea and North Korea conflicts that become GPF’s focus is the decided a ceasefire in 1953. The war conflict between South Korea and North finished by the signing of an armistice and Korea. created the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) to separate those two states. The conflict between South Korea and North Korea its started from the division This conflict gives impact on of Korea in 1945. Korea was divided by Northeast Asian regional peace and global the United States and the Soviet Union security. The relation between South based on Postdam Agreement. Under the Korea and North Korea are still in strained United States, South Korea used liberal and conflict situation. It is caused by and capitalist ideology. While North Korea mutual suspicion and distrust between used sosialist and communist ideology South Korea and North Korea people. from the Soviet Union. South Korea and Toward this conflict, GPF tries to solve North Korea were claimed that they were and building peace between these two the legitimate government in Korean states. peninsula. Unfortunately, based on United Nations general assembly, the sole legitimate government on the Korean Theoretical Framework example patrolling the borderline between 1. Concept of Peace those parties. In this condition, the third According to Johan Galtung, peace parties are monitors and observe the peace is the absence/reduction of violence of all process in post-conflict areas and assist ex- kinds (Perwita, 2015). He divided peace combatant to implement the peace into two forms. First, positive peace means agreement. The assistances from third the integration of human society. Second parties are such as building the confidence, negative peace means the absence of power sharing agreement, electoral violence or war (Galtung, Positive and support, strengthening the rule of law, and Negative Peace, 1964). social economic development. Johan Galtung writes the article of Peacemaking means to keep the parties Three Approaches to Peace: Peacekeeping, do not attack others by providing a barrier Peacemaking, and Peacebuilding. between them. The barriers are the neutral Peacekeeping is the dissociative approach. forces as mediators. The aim of the force is Peacemaking is the conflict resolution to calm the disputants or to prepare a approach. Meanwhile, peacebuilding is diplomatic way to resolve the dispute the associative approach. through gets rid of the source of tension Galtung defines peacekeeping as the and the underlying conflict (Galtung, antagonists are kept away from each other 1976). Usually peacemaking is done by a under mutual threats of considerable diplomat or a person who has experienced punishment if they transgress (Galtung, in resolving a dispute. A peace agreement 1976). Other definition is if the two social is hand in hand with building peace forces threatening each others, the third through the improvement of relations and party is needs to keep them apart and reconciliation between the parties. exercise peacekeeping operations, for While peacebuilding is the process of dividing NGO into four generations. First creating self-supporting structures that generation is relief and welfare. Second removes causes of wars and offering generation is small-scale self-reliant local alternatives to war in situations where wars development. Third generation is might occur (Selected Definitions of sustainable system development. Last but Peacebuilding, 2013). The third parties in not least, fourth generation is people this approach create policies to resolve the movement. (Korten, 1990) conflict in order to end the differences First generation of NGO is an between the dispute parties. The peaceful organization that focuses on natural resolution has aims to reduce and eliminate disaster, war, and poor people as a the frequency of violence in the conflict. mitigation assistance movement. The aim Many national and international of this organization is to help the victim by organizations have involved in building providing assistance in goods or services peace in conflict areas. They create form as humanitarian aid. In this sustainable peace to eliminate the hostility generation, NGOs help the people directly, between states and create a new social and the amount of aid is depending on order. They also did capacity building their ability. (Sommer, 1977). activities for the society, did Second generation is focused on reconciliation, and did society community development. In this transformation in the long-term. generation, NGOs tend to empowering 2. Concept of NGO’s Role people to solve the problem by themselves. According to David C. Korten, he The relation between NGOs and society defines NGO as all organizations that not are like a partner. Therefore, the belong to the government and non for organization in this generation gives aid by profit. Korten explains the role of NGO by developing the society through stress on mobilize the people, NGO uses the their local self-reliance. (Korten, 2001). power of ideas, values and Third generation is focused on communication links. NGO also try to facilitating sustainable changes in regional cooperate with all parties to create or even national level. This organization network and coalition. (Korten, 1990) offers alternative strategy of development One effort that uses by NGO in order to and cooperates with national agencies as do social force is through the campaign. policy maker, such as local and national According to Kotler and Roberto, governments, private enterprises, other campaign is an organized effort independent sector institutions, and so conducted by one group (the change forth. NGO’s strategy in this phase agent) which intends to persuade others focused on making policies and local (the target adopters) to accept, modify, or sustainable development. They also abandon certain ideas, attitudes, practices encourage all parties to support the actions and behavior. (Philip Kotler & Eduardo that could make the system more L. Roberto, 1989) Campaign is an responsive with interests of people. efficient effort to change public behavior Fourth generation is focused on and to achieve social goals without support social movement. In this repressive action. NGO also use a generation, NGOs tend to energize campaign for imbuing the public decentralized action toward a people- consciousness to mobilize voluntary centered development on the broader action on national or global scale. scale. NGO become the facilitator of (Korten, 1990) NGO’s campaign almost global people’s movement. The goal is to always geared towards protest, debate, coalesce and energize a critical mass in and polarization. (NGO Strategies, n.d) support a social vision. In order to and North Korea. Based on peace concept Analysis by Johan Galtung, GPF acts as The division of South Korea and peacebuilder between South Korea and North Korea have brought suffer for many North Korea with trying to understand the people, both North Korea and South problem between the two states, Korea, and also bring security problems in reconciliate the dispute parties, and make a Northeast Asia. Many parties have long-term transformation in South Korea involved solving this problem. However, and North Korea’s society through unified the reconciliation between those two states these two states. is still hard to achieve. In this problem, GPF started the process building NGO as non-state actor have big effort in peace in Korean peninsula with using reconciling and building peace between “Hongik Ingan” philosophy. Hongik Ingan South Korea and North Korea. One of has meant to live and work for the benefit NGOs that try in building peace between of all mankind. GPF use this philosophy
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