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Universidade Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro Centro De Ciências Sociais Instituto De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Centro de Ciências Sociais Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Luis Filipe Bantim de Assumpção Discurso e Representação sobre as práticas rituais dos esparciatas e dos seus basileus na Lacedemônia, do século V a.C Rio de Janeiro 2014 Luis Filipe Bantim de Assumpção Discurso e representação sobre as práticas rituais dos esparciatas e dos seus basileus na Lacedemônia, do século V a.C Dissertação apresentada, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Área de concentração: História Política. Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Maria Regina Candido. Rio de Janeiro 2014 CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE UERJ/REDE SIRIUS/ BIBLIOTECA CCS/A A851 Assumpção, Luis Felipe Bantim Discurso e representação sobre as práticas rituais dos esparciatas e dos seus basileus na Lacedemônia do século V a.C /Luis Felipe Bantim Assumpção. – 2014. 284 f. Orientadora: Maria Regina Candido. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Bibliografia. 1. História antiga – Teses. 2. Civilização clássica - Teses. I.Candido, Maria Regina. II. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. III. Título. CDU 931 Autorizo apenas para fins acadêmicos e científicos, a reprodução total ou parcial desta dissertação, desde que citada a fonte. _____________________________________ ___________________________ Assinatura Data Luis Filipe Bantim de Assumpção Discurso e Representação sobre as práticas rituais dos esparciatas e dos seus basileus na Lacedemônia, do século V a.C Dissertação apresentada, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Área de concentração: História Política. Aprovada em 21 de março de 2014 Banca Examinadora: _____________________________________________ Profª. Dra. Maria Regina Candido (Orientadora) Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas - UERJ _____________________________________________ Profª. Dra. Marcia de Almeida Gonçalves Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas - UERJ _____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Andre Leonardo Chevitarese Instituto de História da UFRJ _____________________________________________ Profª. Dra. Maricí Martins Magalhães Suplente) Museu Histórico Nacional Rio de Janeiro 2014 AGRADECIMENTOS No transcurso de nosso mestrado inúmeras foram às contribuições e auxílios adquiridos e que possibilitaram a realização efetiva de nosso trabalho. De imediato gostaria de prestar os devidos agradecimentos aos meus pais – Felipe Desterro de Assumpção e Alexandrina Bantim de Assumpção – que através do companheirismo e do apoio me possibilitaram, em certa medida, chegar aonde cheguei até o momento. As minhas tias Rosalba e Lídia que por meio de um cuidado maternal souberam apontar a importância de se trilhar uma vida digna, ainda que dotada de percalços. Ao meu avô Luiz Bantim de Vasconcelos (in memoriam), cuja conduta me ensinou a ser forte quando necessário, porém, amável e justo com aqueles que merecem. Embora para muitos seja desnecessário, gostaria de agradecer a Ladie (in memoriam), minha “eterna irmã”, cujo olhar sereno e doce seguido de um carinho incondicional me fizeram refletir na importância do esforço e do empenho para a construção de uma “Vida Brilhante”. Por conseguinte, agradeço a orientação da Prof.ª Dr.ª Maria Regina Candido que, por meio de suas palavras e gestos, demonstrou a importância de se comprometer inteiramente com as suas escolhas, sejam elas acadêmicas ou não. A ela agradeço pela motivação, por vezes mal interpretada, em estar sempre aprimorando os nossos estudos e modos de pensar. Gostaria de agradecer também, ao apoio dos professores Marici Magalhães, Carmen Soares, Margaret Bakos, Fábio Vergara, Lúcia Bastos, Laura Nery, Maria do Carmo Parente, Márcia de A. Gonçalves, Marilene Rosa, Andre Leonardo Chevitarese, Miriam Lourdes da Silva, Anderson Martins Esteves, Maria Cecilia Colombani e Julian Gallego, que por meio de suas disciplinas, palestras, apresentações, dos materiais fornecidos para a pesquisa ou ainda das conversas informais, nos auxiliaram no desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Por conseguinte, meus agradecimentos se direcionam aos meus familiares e amigos, que, a sua maneira, me ajudaram nesta trajetória muitos esforços. Podemos destacar aqui os meus tios Arnon, Washington, Jonas, Silvio, Antônio, Cristiano, Renato e Tarcizo, os quais através de suas personalidades únicas contribuíram para o meu aprimoramento enquanto pessoa. Podemos citar alguns dos meus primos como Raquel, Suzana, Julliana, Lissa, Carolina, Daniela, Maryana, Beatryz e Geisa, que por meio de palavras, brincadeiras e silêncios me fizeram fortalecer o caráter, mesmo ele sendo ímpar e arredio. Aos meus amigos/irmãos – Danilo Bantim, Felipe Sanches, Igor Rosa, Marcus Vinícius Martins, Felipe Guerato, Murilo Gomes, Rafael Machado, Patrick, Vinícius Cavalini, Daniel Aquino – pelo particular apoio, sem o qual eu teria “enlouquecido” em inúmeras ocasiões. Vale ressaltar a consideração e o carinho de “Senhorita” Beatriz, cujas palavras e gestos ajudaram na conclusão desta trajetória. Um agradecimento especial se faz necessário ao amigo Carlos Eduardo da Costa Campos que mediante aos ensinamentos acadêmicos, aos debates e as discussões me ajudou a construir essa dissertação, do início ao fim. Por fim, aos companheiros de “empreitada” do NEA/UERJ, dentre os quais destaco Alair Figueiredo Duarte, José Roberto de Paiva Gomes, Junio Cesar e Julio Gralha. Em suma, agradeço ao financiamento de pesquisa concedido pela CAPES, e à Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro que, por meio do seu Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, possibilitou o meu aperfeiçoamento teórico-metodológico e o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. [...] Não cedas à fraqueza, que de nada serve. Enche-te de coragem contra teus inimigos e seja aquilo que realemente és. Bhagavad Gita, Canto II.3. RESUMO ASSUMPÇÃO, Luis Filipe Bantim de. Discurso e representação sobre as práticas rituais dos esparciatas e dos seus basileus na Lacedemônia, do século V a.C.. 2014. 284 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. A história da pólis de Esparta como, por vezes, nos foi apresentada tomou uma perspectiva historiográfica dotada de pressupostos “Atenocêntricos”, os quais acabaram apresentando-a como rústica, dotada de uma economia e uma cultura estática e demasiadamente inclinada às atividades militares. No entanto, através de nossa pesquisa verificamos que as práticas político-culturais dos cidadãos de Esparta eram dinâmicas, para sua época. Seguindo por esse viés, verificamos que as representações de Esparta, sobretudo dos esparciatas e dos seus basileus, variaram de acordo com o grupo social e o contexto histórico em que foram empregadas. Com isso, observamos que embora os cidadãos de Esparta tenham sido, em algumas circunstâncias, criticados pelos pensadores antigos, esta não foi uma tendência hegemônica. Sendo assim, mediante os indícios da documentação literária do período Clássico, notamos que os esparciatas e os seus basileus teriam sido homens dotados de um habitus tradicional, o qual valorizava o aprimoramento físico e mental, assim como a responsabilidade com os deveres sagrados. Através da interação entre os vestígios documentais e dos estudos historiográficos mapeamos parte das representações de Esparta que figuraram os diversos discursos no decorrer da história do Ocidente, no intuito de materializarmos as possíveis motivações político-culturais nas apropriações do habitus espartano. Por conseguinte, recorremos à documentação literária para entendermos como parte dos pensadores clássicos concebeu, por meio de uma memória ancestral, a formação da região da Lacedemônia e da pólis de Esparta, a qual teria se dado concomitantemente com a legitimação político-cultural da identidade étnica dos basileus e dos esparciatas. Por fim, analisamos as práticas rituais em honra ao deus Apolo como um mecanismo empregado pelos segmentos sociais hegemônicos da Lacedemônia para ratificar o seu poder político frente a grupos sociais submetidos. Palavras-chave: Esparta. Discurso. Representação. Apolo. Antiguidade clássica. ABSTRACT ASSUMPÇÃO, Luis Filipe Bantim de. Discourse and Representation about the Ritual Practices of Spartiates and their Basileis in Lacedaemon, in the Fifth Century B.C. 284 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. The history of Sparta sometimes was presented in “Athenocentric” perspective, which considered Sparta as a rustic society, with static economy and culture, leaning only military activities. However, our research has shown that policies and cultural practices of the citizens of Sparta were dynamic for his time. Following in this way, we find that the representations of Sparta, especially the spartiates and its basileis, ranged according to the historical and social context. Thus, we observe that although the citizens of Sparta were criticized by some ancient thinkers, this wasn’t a hegemonic tendency. Upon the evidence of Classical literary documentation, we note that the spartiates and their basileis were men endowed with a traditional habitus, which valued the physical and mental improvement, but also the responsibility to the sacred duties. Through
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