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Volcán Msnm Cara Oeste/ West Face INTRODUCCIÓN

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Volcán Msnm Cara Oeste/ West Face INTRODUCCIÓN Volcán LlullaillacoCara Oeste / West Face msnm 6739 INTRODUCCIÓN El Volcán Llullaillaco, de 6739 metros de altitud, es la tercera montaña más alta de Chile y el segundo volcán activo más alto del mundo, antecedido sólo por el Volcán Ojos del Salado. Su nombre alberga distintos significados, ya que en lengua aymará quiere decir Agua Caliente, y en quechua significa Aguada del Engaño. Este gigante de la Región de Antofagasta comenzó su evolución hace 1,8 millones de años. En su formación se reconocen dos fases que son distinguibles en su estructura actual. La fase ancestral está presente en dos conos profundamente erosionados que aún muestran rastros de flujos de lava. En tanto, la fase más joven data de la época postglacial y puede apreciarse a través del pequeño y bien conservado cono que conforma su cumbre. Inserto en el Parque Nacional Llullaillaco que se encuentra a 275 kilómetros al Sureste de la ciudad de Antofagasta, este fascinante macizo se encuentra en un aislamiento que dificulta su visita, lo que lo mantiene con un relativo bajo perfil a pesar del gran número de importantes yacimientos arqueológicos que se han descubierto en él. Restos de chozas, caminos, escalinatas hacia la cumbre, y un cementerio son parte de los rastros incas encontrados a diferentes altitudes del volcán. Pero sin lugar a dudas, la fama que hoy tiene el Llullaillaco proviene de ser el poseedor de las ruinas ceremoniales a mayor altitud en el mundo, y del hallazgo de tres cadáveres momificados. En 1999 una expedición argentina apoyada por la National Geographic Society realizó el hallazgo en los alrededores de una plataforma ceremonial ubicada a 6710 m. Los cuerpos corresponden a una adolescente de 15 años, un niño de siete y una niña de seis años de edad, siendo los dos últimos miembros de familias nobles, a juzgar por sus atuendos. Junto a los cuerpos se encontraron 36 estatuillas de oro y plata, que se exhiben en el Museo de Arqueología de Alta Montaña de la ciudad argentina de Salta. Los cuerpos, en tanto, se encuentran en laboratorios especialmente acondicionados en la Universidad Católica de esa urbe. The Llullaillaco Volcano, 6,739 m, is the third highest mountain in Chile and the second highest active volcano in the world behind the Ojos del Salado. Its name has different meanings depending on the language. In the Aymara tongue it means Hot Water, in Quechua it means Lying Water. Located in the Antofagasta Region, this volcano started its evolution 1.8 million years ago. There were two recognised phases in its formation that can be distinguished in its present structure. The ancestral phase can be seen in the presence of two deep, eroded cones that still show traces of their lava flows. The more recent phase dates from the post glacial period and can be seen in the small and well conserved cone that constitutes the summit. Situated in the Llullaillaco National Park, 275 km south-east of the city of Antofagasta, this fascinating massif sits in an isolation that makes visiting it difficult. This has meant that in spite of the great number of important archeological finds, the mountain still has a relatively low profile. The remains of huts, roads, steps to the summit and a cemetery are part of the traces of Incan culture found at different heights on the volcano. But, without doubt, the fame that Llullaillaco enjoys today comes from being the owner of the highest ceremonial ruins in the world and from the discovery of three mummified bodies. In 1999 an Argentinian expedition, supported by the National Geographic Society, made the discovery in the surroundings of a ceremonial platform located at 6,710 m. The bodies were of a 15 year old adolescent, a boy of seven and a girl of six. Judging by their belongings, the last two were members of noble families. 36 gold and silver statuettes were found together with the bodies. They are now exhibited in the Museo de Arqueología de Alta Montaña in the Argentinian city of Salta. The bodies are in especially conditioned laboratories in the Universidad Católica in Salta. 98 99 Los 6000’s de Chile / The 6,000’s of Chile Llullaillaco Acceso Volcán Desde Antofagasta tomar el camino que lleva hacia la mina La Escondida en dirección Sureste. A unos 700 metros al Este de La Escondida se ubica el P-12, garita de seguridad de la mina, desde donde hay que continuar hacia el paso internacional Socompa por la Ruta B-55 a 80 kilómetros de distancia. A partir de este punto el camino que es de tierra, en regular estado de conservación y con buena señalética, va bordeando la vía de trenes Antofagasta - Socompa. En el trayecto se atraviesa por campos minados debidamente señalizados y se visualizan sectores de La Escondida con apilamientos INFORME de material o “tortas” que sombrean el camino, desde donde a veces es visible el imponente Llullaillaco. 6739 m Aproximadamente dos kilómetros después de haber pasado por la estación de trenes Imilac hay que doblar en dirección Sur rumbo al Salar Punta Negra. Como este salar es utilizado por La Escondida para extraer agua, existe una gran red de caminos, postes eléctricos altitud y tuberías que podrían llevar fácilmente a confusión, por lo que es necesario recalcar que se debe recorrer el salar en dirección Sureste, Posición Geográfica según Carta: 24º 43’ 12,4’’ S observando que los postes que acompañan el camino se encuentren 68º 32’ 11,9’’ W numerados. Como punto de referencia, en el poste 200 el camino pasará entre dos construcciones de unos 100 m2 cada una. Carta IGM: B171 Entre los postes 306 y 307, a 183 kilómetros de Antofagasta aproximadamente, es necesario doblar a la izquierda en dirección Primera Ascensión Deportiva: B. González y J. Harseim, 1952 Este rumbo al Llullaillaco. El camino está en mal estado y la huella se encuentra débilmente marcada. Poco después, en el kilómetro 186, se encuentra un desvío en el que hay monolitos demarcatorios, Época más Adecuada para Ascender: Entre abril y diciembre Geographical Position 24º 43’ 12.4’’ S According to Map: 68º 32’ 11.9’’ W IGM Map: B171 First Recreational Ascent: B. González and J. Harseim, 1952 y donde se debe doblar a la izquierda en dirección al volcán. Se sigue Best Time of Year for Climbing: From April to December esta huella durante varios kilómetros, teniendo como referencia que REPORT el camino va entre las quebradas La Zorra y Las Zorritas, y siempre en dirección Sureste. En el kilómetro 203 se llega al Parque Nacional Llullaillaco en cuya entrada puede verse un letrero de CONAF. A poco andar se llega a un cruce en “T” que tiene un monolito (kilómetro 219) que corresponde a la intersección del camino que viene de la estación de trenes Monturaqui y que lleva al portezuelo del Llullaillaco Sur. Desde este punto se debe doblar a la derecha en dirección Sur y bajar por una pequeña quebrada que lleva hasta el Valle de Las Zorritas. A pocos metros de camino aparecerá el refugio de CONAF Zorritas (4160 m) el que puede ser usado para realizar el proceso de aclimatación ya que cuenta con una gran cocina y tres compartimentos para dormir. Desde el refugio de CONAF se debe retomar la huella de vehículo Access y continuar hacia la quebrada que está al Sur del refugio. Un par de From Antofagasta, take the road that leads in a south-easterly kilómetros más adelante se llega a un cruce de tres caminos (4280 direction towards the La Escondida mine. About 700 metres east m). En este punto es particularmente importante prestar atención of La Escondida is P-12, the mine’s security guard office. From here a la ruta ya que sólo se debe continuar por la huella principal que you should continue towards the Socompa border post on Ruta B- se encuentra a la derecha. NO se deben tomar ni el camino a la 55. After leaving the security office the road becomes a dust road izquierda ni el del centro, ya que ambos conducen a sectores de that is in passable condition and relatively well signed. It follows the train line from Antofagasta to Socompa. CAMPOS MINADOS. Continuando entonces por el camino de la derecha se observa después de unos kilómetros que al lado derecho The route crosses well-signposted mine fields and there are sectors del camino hay un par de rocas que miden entre uno y dos metros of La Escondida with piles of material known as ‘tortas’ (cakes) that de alto y unos palos botados. En este lugar se debe doblar a la can be seen from the road. The imposing Llullaillaco is sometimes izquierda siguiendo una débil huella hasta donde termina (tres also visible from the road. kilómetros aproximadamente). Aquí existen varias posibilidades para Approximately two km after passing the Imilac train station, you establecer el CB (4600 m). must turn south in the direction of the Punta Negra Salt Lake. As the salt lake is used by La Escondida to extract water, there is a large network of roads, electrical pylons and pipes that can easily be confusing. However, it is to be emphasized that you should cross the salt lake in a south-easterly direction, noting that the posts that follow the road are numbered. As a point of reference, the road passes between two buildings of about 100 m2 each at post 200. Between posts 306 and 307, at approximately 183 km from Antofagasta, it is necessary to turn left in an easterly direction towards Llullaillaco. The road is in poor condition and the route is difficult to follow.
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