DOCSLIB.ORG

Volcano Fact Sheet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Volcano Fact Sheet Fire & Rain: An Exploration of Volcanoes and Rainforests in Latin America Selected Volcanoes of Latin America FACT SHEET 1 Ojos del Salado Ojos del Salado is a stratovolcano in the Andes on the Argentina–Chile border and the highest active volcano in the world at 6,893 meters. Elevation: 22,615′ (feet); First ascent: February 26, 1937 Sabancaya Sabancaya is an active 5,976-meter stratovolcano in the Andes of southern Peru, about 100 kilometers northwest of Arequipa. Elevation: 19,606′; Last eruption: 2003 Cotopaxi Cotopaxi is an active stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains, located near the capital of the Cotopaxi Province. Cotopaxi is about 50 kilometers south of Quito, and 33 kilometers northeast of the city of Latacunga, Ecuador. Elevation: 19,347′; Last eruption: August 2015; First ascent: Nov. 28, 1872 Ubinas Ubinas is an active 5,672-metre stratovolcano in the Andes of southern Peru. Until 2006, this stratovolcano had not erupted for about 40 years. Elevation: 18,609′; Last eruption: February 2014 Lascar Lascar, a stratovolcano, is the most active volcano of the northern Chilean Andes. Elevation: 18,346′; Last eruption: 2007; First ascent: October 30, 2015 Popocatépetl Popocatépetl is an active volcano, located in the states of Puebla, Mexico, and Morelos, in Central Mexico, and lies in the eastern half of the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt. Elevation: 17,802’; Last eruption: 2016; First ascent: 1519 Note: “First Ascent” is the first successful, documented attainment of the top of a mountain or volcano. In Latin America, the first ascent is often associated with colonialism, as they may be little or no physical evidence/documentation about the climbing activities of indigenous peoples living nearby. Fire & Rain: An Exploration of Volcanoes and Rainforests in Latin America Selected Volcanoes of Latin America FACT SHEET 2 Sangay Sangay is an active stratovolcano in central Ecuador. It is the most active volcano in Ecuador, despite erupting only three times in recorded history, because the eruption that started in 1934 is still ongoing. Elevation: 17,388′; Last eruption: 2007; First ascent: August 4, 1929 Tungurahua Tungurahua, is an active stratovolcano located in the Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador. The volcano gives its name to the province of Tungurahua. Elevation: 16,480′; Last eruption: 2014; First ascent: 1873 Pichincha Pichincha is an active stratovolcano in the country of Ecuador, whose capital Quito wraps around its eastern slopes. The two highest peaks of the mountain are Wawa Pichincha and Ruku Pichincha. Elevation: 15,696′; Last eruption: 2002 Galeras Galeras Volacno, Galeras is an Andean stratovolcano in the southwestern part of Colombia, and is one of Colombia’s most active volcanoes. Its summit rises 4,276 meters above sea level. Elevation: 14,029′; Last eruption: January 3, 2010 Volcán de Fuego Volcán de Fuego is an active stratovolcano in Guatemala, on the borders of Chimaltenango, Escuintla and Sacatepéquez departments. Elevation: 12,346′; Last eruption: 2015 Note: “First Ascent” is the first successful, documented attainment of the top of a mountain or volcano. In Latin America, the first ascent is often associated with colonialism, as they may be little or no physical evidence/documentation about the climbing activities of indigenous peoples living nearby. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Threatened Birds of the Americas
    GOLDEN-PLUMED PARAKEET Leptosittaca branickii V/R10 This poorly known parrot is found very locally in temperate Andean forests in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, in the first two of which it has suffered from much habitat loss; its nomadism, which may be related to a heavy dependence on Podocarpus cones, renders it highly problematic to conserve. DISTRIBUTION The Golden-plumed Parakeet is known from at least 70 specimens, and has been recorded from at least 30 localities scattered through the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Colombia The species is known from two regions on the west slope of the Central Andes (all coordinates, unless otherwise stated, are from Paynter and Traylor 1981), as follows: the Nevado del Ruiz–Nevado del Tolima region on the borders of Tolima, Risaralda, Quindío and Caldas departments (in and around Los Nevados National Park), localities being Hacienda Jaramillo, over 3,000 m, at 4°47’N 75°26’W, September 1918 (Carriker 1955a; nine specimens in CM, all labelled “Santa Ignacia”); above Santa Rosa de Cabal, recently (Hilty and Brown 1986); Laguneta, 3,050 m, at 4°35’N 75°30’W, April 1942 (specimen in ANSP); Alto Quindío Acaime Natural Reserve, 4°37’N 75°28’W, and the nearby Cañon del Quindío Natural Reserve, on the west slope of the Central Andes in Quindío, ranging into adjacent forest on the east slope in Tolima, and present throughout the year (E. Murgueitio R. in litt. 1987; also Renjifo 1991, L. M. Renjifo in litt. 1992, whence coordinates; see Ecology); Rincón Santo, Salento, 2,800 m, December 1989 (J.
    [Show full text]
  • Wfp Lac Situp 10 200923 Exter
    WFP LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN REGION COVID-19 Logistics Situation Update #10 23 September 2020 Date 07 July 2020 Month YYYY 1. Highlights Constraints Hurricane Season (Source: National Hurricane Center) Atlantic: • Hurricane Sally (CAT 2): Sally made landfall at Mobile, Alabama on 16 September early morning as a category 2 hurricane. As a slow-moving storm, Sally brought life-threatening storm surge and flash flooding to Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. Hundreds of people were rescued from flooding areas and more than half million population were left without electricity. Sally weakened to a tropical depression on 16 September. • Major Hurricane Teddy (CAT 4): Teddy is expected to transition to a powerful post-tropical cyclone as it moves near or over portions of Atlantic Canada on 22 September through 24 September where direct impacts from wind, rain and storm surge are expected. Very large swells produced by Teddy are expected to affect portions of Bermuda, the Leeward Islands, the Greater Antilles, the Bahamas, the east coast of the United States, and the Atlantic Canada during the next few days. These swells are expected to cause life-threatening surf and rip current conditions. • Tropical Storm Vicky: Last advisory on Vicky was issued on 17 September. The remnant low should remain on a west south-westward heading while it is steered by the low-level north-easterly trade wind flow over 18-19 September. • Tropical Storm Beta: Beta weakened to a tropical depression on 22 September. Significant flash and urban flooding are occurring and will continue to occur for coast of Texas today. The slow motion of Beta will continue to produce a long duration rainfall event from the middle Texas coast to southern Louisiana.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Magma Ascent and Generation of Th Excesses in the Lower Crust At
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 255 (2007) 229–242 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Rapid magma ascent and generation of 230Th excesses in the lower crust at Puyehue–Cordón Caulle, Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile ⁎ Brian R. Jicha a, , Brad S. Singer a, Brian L. Beard a, Clark M. Johnson a, Hugo Moreno-Roa b,c, José Antonio Naranjo b a Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison WI 53706, USA b Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Avenida Santa María, 0104 Santiago, Chile c Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), Cerro Ñielol-Sector Antenas, Temuco, Chile Received 28 July 2006; received in revised form 7 December 2006; accepted 8 December 2006 Available online 30 January 2007 Editor: R.W. Carlson Abstract Basaltic to rhyolitic lavas and tephras erupted over the last 70 kyr at the Puyehue–Cordón Caulle volcanic complex in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) were analyzed for major and trace element, Sr isotope, and U–Th isotope compositions to constrain the timescales of magmatic processes and identify the subducted and crustal components involved in magma genesis. Internal U–Th mineral isochrons from five lavas and three tephra fall deposits are indistinguishable from their eruption ages, indicating a short period (b1000 yr) of crystal residence in the magma prior to eruption. The (230Th/232Th) ratios define a narrow range (0.80–0.83) compared to that of all SVZ lavas (0.72–0.97), suggesting that Puyehue basalt was derived from a relatively uniform mantle source. Dacites and rhyolites have the largest U excesses and likely evolved via fractional crystallization of a plagioclase-dominated mineral assemblage.
    [Show full text]
  • Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador: Structure, Eruptive History and Hazards
    Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 91Ž. 1999 1±21 www.elsevier.comrlocaterjvolgeores Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador: structure, eruptive history and hazards Minard L. Hall a,1, Claude Robin b,), Bernardo Beate c, Patricia Mothes a,1, Michel Monzier a,d,2 a Instituto Geofõsico,ÂÂ Escuela Politecnica Nacional, P.O. Box 1701-2759, Quito, Ecuador b Institut de Recherches Pour le DeÂÕeloppement() IRD, ex-ORSTOM , UR 6, OPGC, 5 Rue Kessler, 63038, Clermont-Ferrand, France c Departamento de Geologõa,ÂÂÂ Facultad de Geologõa, Minas y Petroleos, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, P.O. Box 1701-2759, Quito, Ecuador d Institut de Recherches pour le DeÂÕeloppement() IRD, ex-ORSTOM , UR 6, A.P. 17-11-6596, Quito, Ecuador Accepted 25 March 1999 Abstract Tungurahua, one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes, is made up of three volcanic edifices. Tungurahua I was a 14-km-wide andesitic stratocone which experienced at least one sector collapse followed by the extrusion of a dacite lava series. Tungurahua II, mainly composed of acid andesite lava flows younger than 14,000 years BP, was partly destroyed by the last collapse event, 2955"90 years ago, which left a large amphitheater and produced a ;8-km3 debris deposit. The avalanche collided with the high ridge immediately to the west of the cone and was diverted to the northwest and southwest for ;15 km. A large lahar formed during this event, which was followed in turn by dacite extrusion. Southwestward, the damming of the Chambo valley by the avalanche deposit resulted in a ;10-km-long lake, which was subsequently breached, generating another catastrophic debris flow.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A. Supplementary Material to the Manuscript
    Appendix A. Supplementary material to the manuscript: The role of crustal and eruptive processes versus source variations in controlling the oxidation state of iron in Central Andean magmas 1. Continental crust beneath the CVZ Country Rock The basement beneath the sampled portion of the CVZ belongs to the Paleozoic Arequipa- Antofalla terrain – a high temperature metamorphic terrain with abundant granitoid intrusions that formed in response to Paleozoic subduction (Lucassen et al., 2000; Ramos et al., 1986). In Northern Chile and Northwestern Argentina this Paleozoic metamorphic-magmatic basement is largely homogeneous and felsic in composition, consistent with the thick, weak, and felsic properties of the crust beneath the CVZ (Beck et al., 1996; Fig. A.1). Neodymium model ages of exposed Paleozoic metamorphic-magmatic basement and sediments suggest a uniform Proterozoic protolith, itself derived from intrusions and sedimentary rock (Lucassen et al., 2001). AFC Model Parameters Pervasive assimilation of continental crust in the Central Andean ignimbrite magmas is well established (Hildreth and Moorbath, 1988; Klerkx et al., 1977; Fig. A.1) and has been verified by detailed analysis of radiogenic isotopes (e.g. 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd) on specific systems within the CVZ (Kay et al., 2011; Lindsay et al., 2001; Schmitt et al., 2001; Soler et al., 2007). Isotopic results indicate that the CVZ magmas are the result of mixing between a crustal endmember, mainly gneisses and plutonics that have a characteristic crustal signature of high 87Sr/86Sr and low 145Nd/144Nd, and the asthenospheric mantle (low 87Sr/86Sr and high 145Nd/144Nd; Fig. 2). In Figure 2, we model the amount of crustal assimilation required to produce the CVZ magmas that are targeted in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Sources for Tephra from AD 1259 Volcanic Signal in Antarctic Ice
    Multiple sources for tephra from AD 1259 volcanic signal in Antarctic ice cores Biancamaria Narcisi, Jean Robert Petit, Barbara Delmonte, Valentina Batanova, Joel Savarino To cite this version: Biancamaria Narcisi, Jean Robert Petit, Barbara Delmonte, Valentina Batanova, Joel Savarino. Mul- tiple sources for tephra from AD 1259 volcanic signal in Antarctic ice cores. Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier, 2019, 210, pp.164-174. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.005. hal-02350371 HAL Id: hal-02350371 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02350371 Submitted on 25 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Manuscript Details Manuscript number JQSR_2019_21 Title MULTIPLE SOURCES FOR TEPHRA FROM AD 1259 VOLCANIC SIGNAL IN ANTARCTIC ICE CORES Abstract Strong volcanic signals simultaneously recorded in polar ice sheets are commonly assigned to major low-latitude eruptions that dispersed large quantities of aerosols in the global atmosphere with the potential of inducing climate perturbations. Parent eruptions responsible for specific events are typically deduced from matching to a known volcanic eruption having coincidental date. However, more robust source linkage can be achieved only through geochemical characterisation of the airborne volcanic glass products (tephra) sometimes preserved in the polar strata.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluación Del Riesgo Volcánico En El Sur Del Perú
    EVALUACIÓN DEL RIESGO VOLCÁNICO EN EL SUR DEL PERÚ, SITUACIÓN DE LA VIGILANCIA ACTUAL Y REQUERIMIENTOS DE MONITOREO EN EL FUTURO. Informe Técnico: Observatorio Vulcanológico del Sur (OVS)- INSTITUTO GEOFÍSICO DEL PERÚ Observatorio Vulcanológico del Ingemmet (OVI) – INGEMMET Observatorio Geofísico de la Univ. Nacional San Agustín (IG-UNSA) AUTORES: Orlando Macedo, Edu Taipe, José Del Carpio, Javier Ticona, Domingo Ramos, Nino Puma, Víctor Aguilar, Roger Machacca, José Torres, Kevin Cueva, John Cruz, Ivonne Lazarte, Riky Centeno, Rafael Miranda, Yovana Álvarez, Pablo Masias, Javier Vilca, Fredy Apaza, Rolando Chijcheapaza, Javier Calderón, Jesús Cáceres, Jesica Vela. Fecha : Mayo de 2016 Arequipa – Perú Contenido Introducción ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................................ 3 CAPITULO I ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1. Volcanes Activos en el Sur del Perú ........................................................................................ 4 1.1 Volcán Sabancaya ............................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Misti ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Health Training Program to Prepare for Volcanic Eruptions in Colombia and Ecuador
    ECHO/ISDR good practices for resilient communities Developing a Health Training Program to Prepare for Volcanic Eruptions in Colombia and Ecuador A DIPECHO Project, executed by The Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Summary Country/ies of implementation of the Action Ecuador and Colombia. In Ecuador, the provinces of Pichincha, Chimborazo, Tungurahua, Sucumbios, and Napo. In Colombia, the departments of Nariño, Caldas, Risaralda and Quindío. Principal objective To reduce risk by better preparing the vulnerable populations in the areas most affected by volcanic eruptions in Ecuador and Colombia. In this case, preparedness means the reinforcement of the coping capacity of the health sector at the national, sub-national and municipal level in both selected countries. These improvements are critical to the establishment of a better preparedness program, and to the exchange of technical experiences between Ecuador and Colombia. Specific objective Strengthening the technical capacity of the health sector in both selected countries to respond to volcanic eruptions, through the development and dissemination of training materials on health preparedness, a “train the trainers” program for health professionals at the national, sub-national and municipal levels, and training of members of existing disaster response teams (EOCs). 1.1.1. 1.1.2. Problem statement Together, Ecuador and Colombia have the highest number of active volcanoes in Latin America. History in those countries is plagued with examples of volcanic eruptions that have caused dramatic human and economic losses with a significant impact on the development of the affected populations, such as the Nevado del Ruiz eruption in 1985 in Colombia, and the eruptions of the Guagua Pichincha, Tungurahua and Reventador volcanoes in recent years in Ecuador.
    [Show full text]
  • Volcán Lascar
    Volcán Lascar Región: Antofagasta Provincia: El Loa Comuna: San Pedro de Atacama Coordenadas: 21°22’S – 67°44’O Poblados más cercanos: Talabre – Camar – Socaire Tipo: Estratovolcán Altura: 5.592 m s.n.m. Diámetro basal: 8.9 km Área basal: 62.2 km2 Volumen estimado: 28.5 km3 Última actividad: 2015 Última erupción mayor: 1993 Volcán Lascar. Vista desde el norte Ranking de riesgo (Fotografía: Gabriela Jara, SERNAGEOMIN) 14 específico: Generalidades El volcán Láscar corresponde a un estratovolcán compuesto, elongado en dirección este-oeste, activo desde hace unos 240 ka y emplazado en el margen oeste de la planicie altiplánica. Está conformado por lavas andesíticas, que alcanzan más de 10 km de longitud, y por potentes lavas dacíticas que se extienden hasta 5 km, las que fueron emitidas desde los flancos NO a SO. La lava más reciente se estima en 7 mil años de antigüedad. En los alrededores del volcán se reconocen depósitos de flujo y caída piroclástica, además de numerosos cráteres de impacto asociados a la eyección de bombas durante erupciones plinianas y subplinianas. El principal evento eruptivo durante su evolución se denomina Ignimbrita Soncor, generado hace unos 27 ka al oeste del volcán y con un volumen estimado cercano a los 10 km3. En la cima de este volcán se observan seis cráteres, algunos anidados, y el central de estos se encuentra activo. Registro eruptivo Este volcán ha presentado alrededor de 30 erupciones explosivas desde el siglo XIX, lo que lo convierte en el volcán más activo del norte de Chile. Estos eventos han consistido típicamente en erupciones vulcanianas de corta duración, con emisión de ceniza fina y proyecciones balísticas en un radio de 5 km, donde el último evento de este tipo ocurrió el 30 de octubre del 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. About Ecuador
    2nd Meeting of the ITU Centres of Excellence (CoE) Steering Committee for the Americas Region From 11 to 12 December 2019 Quito, Ecuador 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. About Ecuador: Ecuador is the second smallest country in South America. Nevertheless, it has a diversity of landscapes to explore. The Pacific Coast stretches along the western edge of Ecuador, while the Highlands or the "Sierra" is centralized in the country, stretching all the way from the North to the South. The East is mainly composed of Amazonian rainforest; and, the "Island Region" contains the Galapagos Islands, volcanic islands located in the Pacific Ocean about 960 kilometres from the Ecuadorian coast. The unique wildlife located in the archipelago inspired the British naturalist Charles Darwin in the development of the theory of evolution. Due to the proximity of the country with the Equator and its geographic diversity, Ecuador is an ideal destination for lovers of nature, orchids and exotic birds and jungle plants, strange insects, wastelands hit by the wind, tropical forests and intrepid animals. Due to the proximity of the country with the Equator and its geographic diversity, Ecuador is an ideal destination for nature lovers, with orchids and exotic birds, jungle plants and strange insects, moorlands hit by the wind, tropical forests and intrepid animals. In addition to the natural richness, Ecuador has a recognized cultural heritage deriving mainly from the traditions and history of their diverse peoples and nationalities, an integral part of this Andean country. As a result of its small size (256.370 square kilometres), all its regions can be easily visited in a short period of time.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Without Borders-Latin America and the Caribbean Program Summary of Projects from Fiscal Year 2009
    Wildlife Without Borders-Latin America and the Caribbean Program Summary of Projects from Fiscal Year 2009 33 Grants Total FWS: $1,107,277 Total Leveraged Funds: $2,332,026 Argentina (3 Grants) LAC 09-015: Building Capacity for Management of the Payunia-Auca Mahuida Guanaco Corridor in Patagonia. In partnership with the Wildlife Conservation Society. The purpose of this project is to strengthen the ability of local communities and government agencies to effectively manage the Payunia and Auca Mahuida reserves. The project will emphasize reducing the negative impacts of extractive industries and unsustainable livestock husbandry on guanacos, rheas, and native carnivores. Capacity building will focus on empowering the Payún Matrú Cooperative to conduct ecologically and economically sustainable live shearing of wild guanacos. FWS: $23,715 Leveraged funds: $24,977 LAC 09-036: International Conservation College-Argentina. In partnership with the International Conservation Caucus Foundation. The purpose of this project is to support the development and implementation of a 4-6 day course in tropical conservation and policy for a minimum of 4 Members of the U.S. Congress. The course will be held in Argentina. Topics will include challenges and solutions related to biodiversity and habitat loss, deforestation and climate change impacts, overdevelopment and natural resource degradation, and unsustainable production and fishery practices. The course will be developed in close cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Latin America and Caribbean Branch. FWS: $24,520 Leveraged funds: $69,710 LAC 09-095: Movements and Resource Utilization of Ducks in Central-Eastern Argentina. In partnership with Centro de Zoologia Aplicada en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina (the Center for Applied Zoology at the National University of Córdoba, Argentina).
    [Show full text]
  • Between Latacunga and San Agustin De Callo: Tanicuchi, Six Centuries of Prehispanic Occupation in the Central Highlands of Ecuador
    BETWEEN LATACUNGA AND SAN AGUSTIN DE CALLO: TANICUCHI, SIX CENTURIES OF PREHISPANIC OCCUPATION IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ECUADOR by Cecilia Josefina Vásquez Pazmiño A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Northern Arizona University May 2005 Approved: _____________________________ George Gumerman IV, Ph.D., Chair _____________________________ Francis Smiley, Ph.D _____________________________ Miguel Vásquez, Ph.D. _____________________________ Christian Downum, Ph.D. ABSTRACT BETWEEN LATACUNGA AND SAN AGUSTIN DE CALLO: TANICUCHI, SIX CENTURIES OF PREHISPANIC OCCUPATION IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ECUADOR CECILIA JOSEFINA VASQUEZ PAZMIÑO The Inkas occupied ancient Ecuador during the 16th century. Monumental architecture such as tambos (inns), fortresses, and towns were strategically located along the royal Inka road. In the Central Ecuadorian highlands, the sites of Latacunga, San Agustín de Callo, and El Salitre remain a prominent testimony of Inka imperialism. Surprisingly, Inka remains were scarce in the archaeological survey at Tanicuchí, between San Agustín de Callo and Latacunga. The systematically aligned survey of Tanicuchí supplied information concerning six centuries of Prehispanic occupation in the area. Surface collection and analysis of material culture defined Tanicuchí’s origins and chronology. Relative dating suggests that initial Tanicuchí occupation began during the Integration Period (A.D. 800-1500), followed by Inka (A.D. 1500-1534) and Early Colonial (A.D. 1534- 1580) periods of conquest. The imposition of Inka and Colonial rules imposed changes on politics, economics, and social relationships reflected in the frequency and distribution of pottery types. A conspicuous sample of Tardío and Cosanga pottery found at Tanicuchí indicates intensive trade and alliances between highland and lowland populations during the Integration Period.
    [Show full text]