Petrologia De Las Erupciones Del 2006 Del Volcan T
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Seasonal Patterns of Atmospheric Mercury in Tropical South America As Inferred by a Continuous Total Gaseous Mercury Record at Chacaltaya Station (5240 M) in Bolivia
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3447–3472, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3447-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Seasonal patterns of atmospheric mercury in tropical South America as inferred by a continuous total gaseous mercury record at Chacaltaya station (5240 m) in Bolivia Alkuin Maximilian Koenig1, Olivier Magand1, Paolo Laj1, Marcos Andrade2,7, Isabel Moreno2, Fernando Velarde2, Grover Salvatierra2, René Gutierrez2, Luis Blacutt2, Diego Aliaga3, Thomas Reichler4, Karine Sellegri5, Olivier Laurent6, Michel Ramonet6, and Aurélien Dommergue1 1Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France 2Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia 3Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland 4Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA 5Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France 6Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 7Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Correspondence: Alkuin Maximilian Koenig ([email protected]) Received: 22 September 2020 – Discussion started: 28 October 2020 Revised: 20 January 2021 – Accepted: 21 January 2021 – Published: 5 March 2021 Abstract. High-quality atmospheric mercury (Hg) data are concentrations were linked to either westerly Altiplanic air rare for South America, especially for its tropical region. As a masses or those originating from the lowlands to the south- consequence, mercury dynamics are still highly uncertain in east of CHC. -
Scale Deformation of Volcanic Centres in the Central Andes
letters to nature 14. Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides of 1–1.5 cm yr21 (Fig. 2). An area in southern Peru about 2.5 km and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 32, 751–767 (1976). east of the volcano Hualca Hualca and 7 km north of the active 15. Hansen, M. (ed.) Constitution of Binary Alloys (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958). 21 16. Emsley, J. (ed.) The Elements (Clarendon, Oxford, 1994). volcano Sabancaya is inflating with U LOS of about 2 cm yr . A third 21 17. Tanaka, H., Takahashi, I., Kimura, M. & Sobukawa, H. in Science and Technology in Catalysts 1994 (eds inflationary source (with ULOS ¼ 1cmyr ) is not associated with Izumi, Y., Arai, H. & Iwamoto, M.) 457–460 (Kodansya-Elsevier, Tokyo, 1994). a volcanic edifice. This third source is located 11.5 km south of 18. Tanaka, H., Tan, I., Uenishi, M., Kimura, M. & Dohmae, K. in Topics in Catalysts (eds Kruse, N., Frennet, A. & Bastin, J.-M.) Vols 16/17, 63–70 (Kluwer Academic, New York, 2001). Lastarria and 6.8 km north of Cordon del Azufre on the border between Chile and Argentina, and is hereafter called ‘Lazufre’. Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on Nature’s website Robledo caldera, in northwest Argentina, is subsiding with U (http://www.nature.com/nature). LOS of 2–2.5 cm yr21. Because the inferred sources are more than a few kilometres deep, any complexities in the source region are damped Acknowledgements such that the observed surface deformation pattern is smooth. -
GEOLOGY AS a WAY of TURISM PROMOTION.Pdf
ENERGY AND MINES SECTOR TheSPECIAL of the Month GEOLOGICAL, MINING AND METALLURGICAL INSTITUTE Since 2006, the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Institute - INGEMMET has the "Heritage and Geotourism" project. It promotes the conservation and enhancement of different areas across the country with a high geological value. 1 TOURIST ATTRACTIONS PROMOTED Paracas National Reserve BY INGEMMET It is located 250 kilometers south of Lima, Ica Marcahuasi Region. It is one of the few places where you can see remains of an ancient mountain It is a volcanic plateau located in the town of range with rocks over 400 million years old in eotourism makes reference to a type of G San Pedro de Casta, at 3 185 meters above strata and with plant remains, rocks with sustainable tourism. It aims to highlight the sea level on the left bank of the Santa Eulalia fossils from marine environments. There are geological diversity (geodiversity) and then river basin, and 80 kilometers east of Lima. 25 geosites inventoried by INGEMMET. the geological heritage (geoheritage) of a The geoforms of the Marcahuasi rock forest The geological information in the guide certain territory. Also, to promote the are the result of the effects of rain, snow, ice, elaborated by INGEMMET served as a script conservation of its resources heat and wind. They all molded diverse forms for the current Interpretation Center in the (geoconservation) and education in earth GEOLOGICAL in the volcanic deposits. In this way, it allows reserve, as well as for the signage of some sciences (geoeducation) which develops the visitor to imagine the strangest and most geosites such as La Catedral, Playa La Mina, awareness among the people. -
G5 Mysteries Mummy Kids.Pdf
QXP-985166557.qxp 12/8/08 10:00 AM Page 2 This book is dedicated to Tanya Dean, an editor of extraordinary talents; to my daughters, Kerry and Vanessa, and their cousins Doug Acknowledgments and Jessica, who keep me wonderfully “weird;” to the King Family I would like to acknowledge the invaluable assistance of some of the foremost of Kalamazoo—a minister mom, a radical dad, and two of the cutest mummy experts in the world in creating this book and making it as accurate girls ever to visit a mummy; and to the unsung heroes of free speech— as possible, from a writer’s (as opposed to an expert’s) point of view. Many librarians who battle to keep reading (and writing) a broad-based thanks for the interviews and e-mails to: proposition for ALL Americans. I thank and salute you all. —KMH Dr. Johan Reinhard Dario Piombino-Mascali Dr. Guillermo Cock Dr. Elizabeth Wayland Barber Julie Scott Dr. Victor H. Mair Mandy Aftel Dr. Niels Lynnerup Dr. Johan Binneman Clare Milward Dr. Peter Pieper Dr. Douglas W. Owsley Also, thank you to Dr. Zahi Hawass, Heather Pringle, and James Deem for Mysteries of the Mummy Kids by Kelly Milner Halls. Text copyright their contributions via their remarkable books, and to dozens of others by © 2007 by Kelly Milner Halls. Reprinted by permission of Lerner way of their professional publications in print and online. Thank you. Publishing Group. -KMH PHOTO CREDITS | 5: Mesa Verde mummy © Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, P-605. 7: Chinchero Ruins © Jorge Mazzotti/Go2peru.com. -
Origin of Andradite in the Quaternary Volcanic Andahua Group, Central Volcanic Zone, Peruvian Andes
Mineralogy and Petrology (2021) 115:257–269 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-021-00744-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Origin of andradite in the Quaternary volcanic Andahua Group, Central Volcanic Zone, Peruvian Andes Andrzej Gałaś1 & Jarosław Majka2,3 & Adam Włodek2 Received: 21 March 2020 /Accepted: 17 February 2021 / Published online: 13 March 2021 # The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Euhedral andradite crystals were found in trachyandesitic (latitic) lavas of the volcanic Andahua Group (AG) in the Central Andes. The AG comprises around 150 volcanic centers, most of wich are monogenetic. The studied andradite is complexly zoned (enriched in Ca and Al in its core and mantle, and in Fe in this compositionally homogenous rim). The core-mantle regions contain inclusions of anhydrite, halite, S- and Cl-bearing silicate glass, quartz, anorthite, wollastonite magnetite and clinopyroxene. The chemical compositions of the garnet and its inclusions suggest their contact metamorphic to pyrometamorphic origin. The observed zoning pattern and changes in the type and abundance of inclusions are indicative of an abrupt change in temperature and subsequent devolatilization of sulfates and halides during the garnet growth. This process is interpreted to have taken place entirely within a captured xenolith of evaporite-bearing wall rock in the host trachyandesitic magma. The devolitilization of sediments, especially sulfur-bearing phases, may have resulted in occasional but voluminous emissions of gases and may be regarded as a potential hazard associated with the AG volcanism. Keywords Andradite . Contact metamorphism . Contamination . Volcanoes . Andahua Group . Andes Introduction conditions and the tectonic environments in which they were formed (e.g., Spear 1993; Baxter et al. -
Sabancaya Lecciones.Pdf
1 1 INDICE INTRODUCCION……………………………………………………………………. 1 A) CONTEXTO EN QUE OCURRE EL FENOMENO: EL VULCANISMO EN EL PERU Y EL VOLCAN SABANCAYA……………………………………... 3 A1.- Contexto geodinámico del vulcanismo en el Perú…………………………. 3 A2.- Volcanes activos y potencialmente activos del sur del Perú……………… 4 A3.- El Volcán Sabancaya ………………………………………………………….. 5 B) CONOCIMIENTOS E INFORMACION GEOFISICA Y VULCANOLOGICA RECOPILADA EN BASE A LA ULTIMA ERUPCION……………………… 7 B1.- Indicios de reactivación del volcán en 1986………………………………. 7 B2.- Inicio y evolución de la erupción del Sabancaya 1990-1998……………... 8 B3.- Características y evolución de la sismicidad………………………………. 8 B4.- Materiales expulsados durante la erupción……………………………….. 12 B5.- Dispersión de tefras (cenizas, lapilli y bloques)…………………………… 12 B6.- Flujos de lodo, avalanchas………………………………………………….. 14 B7.- Cursos de agua y manantiales……………………………………………… 15 B8.- Observaciones y mediciones de deformación……………………………. 17 B9.- Conclusiones sobre el desarrollo de la erupción 1990-98 y la información científica recolectada………………………………………….. 18 C) LA REACTIVACION DEL VOLCAN SABANCAYA 2013-2014………… 20 C1.- La “intranquilidad volcánica” observada desde Febrero 2013………… 20 C2.- Instalación de Red Sísmica-Telemétrica y Monitoreo Sísmico y de Deformación del suelo…………………………………………………. 22 C3.- Vigilancia migración de la sismicidad en el tiempo y en el espacio……. 26 C4.- Modelo de la evolución del proceso que se observa actualmente en el volcán Sabancaya…………………………………………………….. 29 C5.- Primera Explosión freática ocurrida en el volcán Sabancaya…………. 33 C6.- Segunda explosión freática ocurrida en el volcán Sabancaya………… 37 Conclusiones acerca de la reactivación del volcán Sabancaya 2013-2014…... 37 D) EVALUACION DEL PELIGRO VOLCANICO EN EL AREA DEL VOLCAN SABANCAYA ……………………………………………………………….. 39 Peligro Potencial del volcán Sabancaya…………….………………………… 40 2 Conclusiones acerca del Peligro Volcánico asociado al volcán Sabancaya. -
Accepted Manuscript
Accepted Manuscript Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone Yves Moussallam, Giancarlo Tamburello, Nial Peters, Fredy Apaza, C. Ian Schipper, Aaron Curtis, Alessandro Aiuppa, Pablo Masias, Marie Boichu, Sophie Bauduin, Talfan Barnie, Philipson Bani, Gaetano Giudice, Manuel Moussallam PII: S0377-0273(17)30194-4 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.06.027 Reference: VOLGEO 6148 To appear in: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research Received date: 29 March 2017 Revised date: 23 June 2017 Accepted date: 30 June 2017 Please cite this article as: Yves Moussallam, Giancarlo Tamburello, Nial Peters, Fredy Apaza, C. Ian Schipper, Aaron Curtis, Alessandro Aiuppa, Pablo Masias, Marie Boichu, Sophie Bauduin, Talfan Barnie, Philipson Bani, Gaetano Giudice, Manuel Moussallam , Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.06.027 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Moussallam et al. Carbon dioxide from Peruvian volcanoes P a g e | 1 Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; Implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone. -
Late Holocene Volcanic and Anthropogenic Mercury Deposition in the Western Central Andes (Lake Chungará, Chile)
Science of the Total Environment 662 (2019) 903–914 Late Holocene volcanic and anthropogenic mercury deposition in the western Central Andes (Lake Chungará, Chile) S. Guédron a,b,⁎,J.Toluc,d, E. Brisset a,e,f,P.Sabatierg,V.Perrota,S.Boucheth,d,A.L.Develleg,R.Bindlerc, D. Cossa a, S.C. Fritz i,P.A.Bakerj a Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, France b Laboratorio de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, casilla 3161, La Paz, Bolivia c Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Sweden d Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland and ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland e IPHES, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain f Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain g Environnement, Dynamique et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 73373 Le Bourget du Lac, France h LCABIE — Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, IPREM UMR 5254, CNRS et Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc, F-64053 Pau, France i Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA j Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT • We studied mercury deposition in Lake Chungará (18°S) over the last ~2700 years. • Parinacota volcano produced 20 tephra layers recorded in lake sediments. • Lake primary production was the main, not limiting, carrier of Hg to the sedi- ment. -
Volcano Fact Sheet
Fire & Rain: An Exploration of Volcanoes and Rainforests in Latin America Selected Volcanoes of Latin America FACT SHEET 1 Ojos del Salado Ojos del Salado is a stratovolcano in the Andes on the Argentina–Chile border and the highest active volcano in the world at 6,893 meters. Elevation: 22,615′ (feet); First ascent: February 26, 1937 Sabancaya Sabancaya is an active 5,976-meter stratovolcano in the Andes of southern Peru, about 100 kilometers northwest of Arequipa. Elevation: 19,606′; Last eruption: 2003 Cotopaxi Cotopaxi is an active stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains, located near the capital of the Cotopaxi Province. Cotopaxi is about 50 kilometers south of Quito, and 33 kilometers northeast of the city of Latacunga, Ecuador. Elevation: 19,347′; Last eruption: August 2015; First ascent: Nov. 28, 1872 Ubinas Ubinas is an active 5,672-metre stratovolcano in the Andes of southern Peru. Until 2006, this stratovolcano had not erupted for about 40 years. Elevation: 18,609′; Last eruption: February 2014 Lascar Lascar, a stratovolcano, is the most active volcano of the northern Chilean Andes. Elevation: 18,346′; Last eruption: 2007; First ascent: October 30, 2015 Popocatépetl Popocatépetl is an active volcano, located in the states of Puebla, Mexico, and Morelos, in Central Mexico, and lies in the eastern half of the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt. Elevation: 17,802’; Last eruption: 2016; First ascent: 1519 Note: “First Ascent” is the first successful, documented attainment of the top of a mountain or volcano. In Latin America, the first ascent is often associated with colonialism, as they may be little or no physical evidence/documentation about the climbing activities of indigenous peoples living nearby. -
Global Influence of the AD1600 Eruptionofhuaynaputina,Peru
letters to nature Supplementary Information is available on Nature’s World-Wide Web site (http://www.nature.com) or distributed predominantly to the west and north. Local proximal as paper copy from the London editorial office of Nature. pyroclastic flows and secondary mass flows were insignificant in Acknowledgements. The current development of the Northern Hemisphere densitometric network is volume. This large plinian eruption destroyed local communities funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (F.H.S.) and the European Community under ADVANCE-10K (K.R.B.). P.D.J. is supported by the US Department of Energy, and T.J.O. by NERC. with a loss of over 1,000 lives and caused considerable damage to the We thank E. Cook, T. Crowley, M. Free, V. Morgan, E. Mosley-Thompson, C. Newhall, F. Oldfield, A. major cities of Arequipa and Moquegua. The loss of farmland, Robock and S. Self for advice and data. crops, livestock, vineyards, and water resources compounded the Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to K.R.B. (e-mail: [email protected]). significant economic burden on this region. The whole socio- economic infrastructure of a large part of Peru, and maybe that of 8 Global influence of the AD1600 10000 0.23 km3 1000 eruptionofHuaynaputina,Peru 4.32 km3 100 (cm) T Shanaka L. de Silva* & Gregory A. Zielinski† 3 10 14.6 km * Department of Geography, Geology, and Anthropology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809, USA 15°S 1 0 200 400 600 800 † Climate Change Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, √A (km) New Hampshire 03824-3525, USA 1 ........................................................................................................................ -
Volcanic Gas Emissions and Degassing Dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya Volcanoes; Implications for the Volatile Budget of The
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318199493 Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the... Article in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research · July 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.06.027 CITATIONS READS 0 24 14 authors, including: C. Ian Schipper Masias Pablo French National Centre for Scientific Research Instituto Geologico Minero Metalurgico, Peru 26 PUBLICATIONS 201 CITATIONS 15 PUBLICATIONS 18 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Philipson Bani Manuel Moussallam Institute of Research for Development Deezer 48 PUBLICATIONS 454 CITATIONS 14 PUBLICATIONS 50 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Volcanic eruption in Bárðarbunga View project Campi Flegrei View project All content following this page was uploaded by Yves Moussallam on 17 July 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. VOLGEO-06148; No of Pages 11 Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jvolgeores Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone Yves Moussallam a,⁎, Giancarlo Tamburello b,c,NialPetersa, Fredy Apaza d, C. Ian Schipper e, Aaron Curtis f, Alessandro Aiuppa b,g,PabloMasiasd,MarieBoichuh, Sophie Bauduin i, Talfan Barnie j, Philipson Bani k, Gaetano Giudice g, Manuel Moussallam l a Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK b Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, Via archirafi 36, 90146 Palermo, Italy c Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Via D. -
USGS Open-File Report 2009-1133, V. 1.2, Table 3
Table 3. (following pages). Spreadsheet of volcanoes of the world with eruption type assignments for each volcano. [Columns are as follows: A, Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World (CAVW) volcano identification number; E, volcano name; F, country in which the volcano resides; H, volcano latitude; I, position north or south of the equator (N, north, S, south); K, volcano longitude; L, position east or west of the Greenwich Meridian (E, east, W, west); M, volcano elevation in meters above mean sea level; N, volcano type as defined in the Smithsonian database (Siebert and Simkin, 2002-9); P, eruption type for eruption source parameter assignment, as described in this document. An Excel spreadsheet of this table accompanies this document.] Volcanoes of the World with ESP, v 1.2.xls AE FHIKLMNP 1 NUMBER NAME LOCATION LATITUDE NS LONGITUDE EW ELEV TYPE ERUPTION TYPE 2 0100-01- West Eifel Volc Field Germany 50.17 N 6.85 E 600 Maars S0 3 0100-02- Chaîne des Puys France 45.775 N 2.97 E 1464 Cinder cones M0 4 0100-03- Olot Volc Field Spain 42.17 N 2.53 E 893 Pyroclastic cones M0 5 0100-04- Calatrava Volc Field Spain 38.87 N 4.02 W 1117 Pyroclastic cones M0 6 0101-001 Larderello Italy 43.25 N 10.87 E 500 Explosion craters S0 7 0101-003 Vulsini Italy 42.60 N 11.93 E 800 Caldera S0 8 0101-004 Alban Hills Italy 41.73 N 12.70 E 949 Caldera S0 9 0101-01= Campi Flegrei Italy 40.827 N 14.139 E 458 Caldera S0 10 0101-02= Vesuvius Italy 40.821 N 14.426 E 1281 Somma volcano S2 11 0101-03= Ischia Italy 40.73 N 13.897 E 789 Complex volcano S0 12 0101-041