Pugwash NEWSLETTER issued by the Council of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs Nobel Peace Prize 1995 53rd Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs Halifax and Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada, July 2003 Volume 40 Ⅲ Number 2 Ⅲ December 2003 T ABLE OF CONTENTS To the Pugwash Community . 1 53RD PUGWASH CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND WORLD AFFAIRS: Advancing Human Security: The Role of Technology and Politics Halifax and Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada, 14-22 July 2003 Welcome Address—Senator Douglas Roche . 3 Statement of the Pugwash Council . 5 Conference Schedule . 7 53rd Pugwash Conference Working Groups . 9 Reports of the Conference Working Groups . 10 Report from International Student/Young Pugwash . 26 Pugwash Returns to Thinkers’ Lodge, 20 July 2003 Opening Remarks—Patrick Boyer . 33 Remarks by Joseph Rotblat and Ruth Adams . 35 PEACE, a poem by Margaret Eaton . 35 Message from the Hon. Kofi Annan . 38 Keynote Address—Honorable Susan Whelan, Minister for International Cooperation, Government of Canada. 40 Dorothy Hodgkin Memorial Lecture—Jayantha Dhanapala . 44 Report of the Secretary General . 52 Public Forum—Sir Joseph Rotblat . 57 Select Papers from the 53rd Pugwash Conference . 64 Walter Dorn, H. Peter Langille, Bas de Gay Fortman, Erika Simpson, Pugwash Pervez Hoodbhoy, Richard Garwin, Christie Dennison Volume 40 Ⅲ Number 2 List of Participants. 114 December 2003 Editor: MEMBERS OF THE PUGWASH COUNCIL . 123 Jeffrey Boutwell Research Assistant: CALENDAR OF FUTURE MEETINGS . inside back cover Apple T. Plotnick Design and Layout: Anne Read To the Pugwash Community he 53rd Conference brought 172 scientists and whole conference group into “discussion mode.” The first scholars from 39 countries to Halifax Canada for day was completed with a reception at historic City Hall. Ta conference with a familiar format, and at the Even as the first sessions began, and throughout, we same time it was unique in its stimulation of both an intel- received significant media attention nationally and lectual response and a heartfelt intensity in relation to its locally—on TV, radio and newspapers, thus raising public theme “Advancing Human Security: The Role of Technol- awareness of current issues in nuclear disarmament, mis- ogy and Politics.” The Canadian Pugwash Group, with 30 sile defense, peacekeeping, terrorism, human development attendees, was delighted with its role as host, and the and environmental change. chance to have first meetings with new Pugwashites at the Eminent speakers addressed the conference through airport, in the university residences, at meals and, of several invited lectures. Dr. Jayantha Dhanapala, (former) course, in the conference venues at Dalhousie University. Undersecretary-General of the United Nations for Disar- Evidence of our success at mament Affairs, gave the fostering the right conference Dorothy Hodgkin Lecture, a ambience is found in the fol- central event of the Confer- lowing sample comment “I ence. Professor M.S. Swami- have benefited a lot in meet- nathan, President of ing and having introduction Pugwash Conferences, world to different professors leader in agricultural plant around the world and their genetics and the head of the diverse views. I found flexi- research institute bearing his bility and responsibility name, at Chennai, India gave among the participants which the President’s lecture on the made me impressed. Indeed topic of sustainable food security. The closing dinner this sort of gathering will Halifax waterfront. have great impact on global was addressed by Chris security affairs. I am also impressed with the working sys- Bryant, Dept. of Economic Development, Nova Scotia on tem of Pugwash and its background. As a new member, I the topic “All Security is Local.” Professor Sir Joseph Rot- am proud of it and will do my best to achieve its aims.” blat, Nobel Laureate and founder of the Pugwash move- The opening session of the conference heard a welcom- ment, gave the Public Forum lecture on the topic “The ing address by Senator Douglas Roche, O.C., Chair, Cana- Nuclear Issue: Pugwash and the Bush Policies.” It was a dian Pugwash Group, and then received the report of Sec- night to remember, as Jo Rotblat received a standing ova- retary-General Paolo Cotta-Ramusino. The support of the tion for his incisive analysis of the current problems in host country is demonstrated by several means, the most nuclear disarmament. Through media interviews, many visible of which is the participation of senior government others had a chance to hear his views, and all of us officials. The Hon. Susan Whelan, Minister of admired his stamina and patience for interviews in the face International Cooperation, gave the keynote speech “Pro- of a very full schedule. moting Human Security After Conflict.” Minister Whelan The entire conference convened in Pugwash, Nova chaired a lively question and answer session that lifted the Scotia at Thinkers Lodge, the place of origin, on a day 53rd Pugwash Conference billed as “Back to group that, we believe, Pugwash.” It was a high has enduring value. point for many who had Many excellent papers spent years in the were presented, but are Pugwash movement, not seen in this because very few of the newsletter due to space Pugwashites had ever limitations. We partic- seen Pugwash. The con- ularly commend the ference grew too large ISYP members for their for the original venue mature and insightful after only a couple of contributions to the years from its first meet- WG discussions, and ing in 1957, at which presented papers. One there were 22 scientists of the six papers, the from 10 countries. Jo Standing: Raymond Szabo, Bryan Jamieson, Margaret Eaton, one from WG6 is from Giovanni Brenciaglia. Sitting: M.S. Swaminathan, Joseph Rotblat, Rotblat and Ruth Ruth Adams, Patrick Boyer a student contributor. Adams, representing the Only with financial 1957 group, both addressed the crowd, seated on the contributions and the work of many volunteers and staff lawn, with the sea in the background. An open plenary can we proceed with the annual Pugwash Conference on session was held at the local high school, and as we Science and World Affairs. For the 53rd Conference, we boarded the buses after the elegant final reception at the gratefully acknowledge the support received from several Thinkers Lodge, it was not hard to see that many felt Canadian government agencies, private foundations, and reluctant to leave. For a day to remember, all Pugwashites friends of Pugwash: attending would undoubtedly be glad to join us in thank- Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade ing the Pugwash Park Commission for arranging such a (DFAIT); Peacebuilding and Human Security Division; fine event. Canada International Development Agency (CIDA); The ultimate goal for this specific Conference was to Conference Secretariat; Social Sciences and Humanities advance human security by dialogue with stakeholders, Research Council (SSHRC); Province of Nova Scotia; and by new viewpoints that would strengthen Canada and Regional Municipality of Halifax; Cyrus Eaton Founda- the global community in their ability to respond to threats tion; Ploughshares Fund; Cut Foundation; Nancy Ruth; to human security. The Pugwash Conferences are ongoing; Anonymous; Resource and Conflict Analysis Inc.: Post- because of this continuity, the impact level sought for the Communist Studies, York University; University College conference is enhancement of the freedom and safety of of Cape Breton; International Pugwash; Canadian citizens. The conference outcomes, as seen in the Working Pugwash Group; Members of Canadian Pugwash. Group Reports, and the various speeches of the confer- To all who made the effort to come to Halifax, Nova ence, are on the website www.pugwash.org, thus enabling Scotia, Canada, we say thanks and hope you will come the possibility of a wide readership. again. A number of Working Group papers were very signifi- In peace, cant, and from those, we have selected a representative Adele Buckley, Chair, Halifax Conference Committee 2 Pugwash Newsletter, December 2003 THE 53RD PUGWASH CONFERENCE Advancing Human Security: The Role of Technology and Politics Halifax and Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada, 14–22 July 2003 Welcome Address notwithstanding, the world is moving to new levels of danger. By Senator Douglas Roche, O.C.,Chairman, Canadian Pugwash Group A few weeks ago, the Mayor of Hiroshima, Tadatoshi Akiba, warned: “We stand today on the brink of am honoured, on behalf of the NATO. The Non-Proliferation Treaty hyper-proliferation and perhaps of Canadian Pugwash Group, to has been indefinitely extended. repeating the third actual use of Iwelcome everyone to the 53rd But the one change that Pugwash nuclear weapons.” A few days ago, Pugwash Conference on Science and stands for, the one change the seeking Amnesty International, in its annual World Affairs: “Advancing Human of which won for Sir Joseph Rotblat report, said the world has become a Security: The Role of Technology and and Pugwash the 1995 Nobel Peace more dangerous place: “The war on Politics.” Prize, the one change directed by the terror, far from making the world a I give a special welcome to the International Court of Justice, the safer place, has made it more danger- President of Pugwash, Professor M.S. one change called for by a myriad of ous by curtailing human rights, Swaminathan; the Secretary-General, United Nations resolutions, the one undermining the rule of international Professor Paolo Cotta-Ramusino; the change yearned for by millions law, and shielding governments from Executive Director, Dr. Jeffrey around the world—the abolition of scrutiny.” Boutwell; and the Chair of the Pug- nuclear weapons—has not happened. These are not cheery forecasts for wash Council, Professor Marie At the 1981 Conference in Banff, humanity. We in Pugwash do not Muller, as well as all my colleagues calls were made for a nuclear freeze belong to the “gloom and doom” on the Pugwash Council. and to eliminate tactical nuclear school, neither do we believe in Dalhousie University, Halifax, weapons from Europe.