History Newsletter CENTER FOR HISTORY OF & LIBRARY & ARCHIVES Vol. 43, No. 1 • Summer 2011

Taking Technology Through the “Valley of Death,” Don’t Fear Risk

As the History of Physics Entrepreneur- Physicists are highly skilled in risk Two other issues surprised us by ship (HoPE) project transitions from the analysis and few, if any, appear inclined the degree to which they influenced interview phase to the analysis phase, to venture into activity at which they physics-based innovation in the US. The new and intriquing insights have begun do not feel confident they will succeed role of the federal SBIR/STTR programs to bubble to the surface. The project even though they are aware that they in providing resources to enable high staff have completed 114 interviews with are bringing new technologies through tech innovation appears critical. SBIR/ entrepreneurs, STTR grants play at least 11 interviews with univers- two important roles. At ity intellectual property one level they provide transfer offices, and two critical seed funding for interviews with venture ideas and innovations capitalists throughout that have not yet the U.S. With field trips reached a stage that will to Georgia and Colorado attract venture capital remaining on the agenda, or angel investment. we expect to interview At another level they another ten to fifteen provide an essential physicist entrepreneurs resource for companies and five or six venture whose technologies are capitalists. We’ll then nearly fully developed spend the last year of but have not yet found the three-year study their proper market coding and analyzing and for whom venture the interviews and other capitalists are either resources and compiling our findings. what entrepreneurs call the “valley unwilling to provide further investment of death.” Physicist entrepreneurs do or the founding physicists are unwilling Some trends are obvious even though not perceive themselves as great risk to further dilute their share in the they await formal analysis. That physicist takers. Rather they are confident that technologies they are transitioning entrepreneurs do not feel they are the innovative technologies they have to the marketplace. In both cases the taking great risk in their entrepreneurial created will solve important social and SBIR/STTR programs play essential activity is among the most suprising. commercial problems. (Continued on page 2)

In this issue...

Taking Technology Through the “Valley of Death,” Documentation Preserved: New Collections...... 10 Physicists Don’t Fear Risk...... 1 Documentation Preserved: New Finding Aids...... 16 Samuel A. Goudsmit Papers Are Available Online...... 2 New Grant for Oral History Interviews...... 18 Disciplinary History Centers’ Success in Friends of the Center for History of Physics...... 19 Capturing the History of Science...... 3 History of Physics in Utrecht...... 4 Joseph Rotblat’s Archive: Some Anomalies and Difficulties...... 5 Cover Photo: L–R: Bob Standley and Len Storm in the basement low-temperature Grants-in-Aid Awarded in Fall 2010 and Spring 2011...... 6 lab in the Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana, circa 1979. Credit: Department of Physics, University Recent Publications of Interest...... 8 of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Please Help Us Contact...... 9 Archives.

AIP Member Societies: The American Physical Society • The Optical Society of America • The Acoustical Society of America • The Society of Rheology • The American Association of Physics Teachers American Crystallographic Association • American Astronomical Society • American Association of Physicists in Medicine • AVS The Science and Technology Society • American Geophysical Union (“Valley of Death”, continued from page 1) Samuel A. Goudsmit Papers Are Available Online roles in enabling American innovation and in creating well paying high-tech The Niels Bohr Library & Archives, by Goudsmit, other European-trained American jobs. American Institute of Physics (AIP), faculty, and by guest lecturers including is pleased to announce that it has luminaries like Bohr, Heisenberg, Dirac, Finally we were surprised at the degree completed digitizing the complete Pauli, Ehrenfest, and Fermi. The Summer to which immigrant entrepreneurs Samuel Goudsmit Papers (1921–1979, School was the first program of its kind appear to play a role in physics 30 linear feet, approximately 67,000 on theoretical physics in America, and based entrepreneurship. Of the 114 images) and mounting them on the it played a critical role in introducing entrepreneurs interviewed thus far, Web at http://www.aip.org/history/nbl/ American scientists to quantum physics. nearly one third migrated to the United collections/goudsmit/. States, many, but not all, to complete In 1941 Goudsmit left Michigan to their education here. China and The papers are a major international go to the Radiation Laboratory at the India provided the most immigrant collection of correspondence, research Massachusetts Institute of Technology, entrepreneurs with six each, followed notebooks, lectures, reports, World where radar was perfected during by Germany and Russia with three II science documents, and other World War II, and from 1944 to 1946 he each. Japan and Korea both provided material of Goudsmit (1902–1978) a was detailed to the War Department two physicist entrepreneurs while Dutch physicist who spent his career in as Chief of Scientific Intelligence of Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, Egypt, the U.S. and was involved at the cutting the . The mission moved England, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, edge of physics for over 50 years. It with the advancing Allied forces in , Romania, Taiwan and Turkey contains especially strong sources on Europe to investigate the state of the filled out the list of source lands for the development of quantum physics in German research projects to develop immigrant physicist entrepreneurs. Europe and its spread to the U.S. during an atomic bomb and to capture both Another five of the 76 American-born the first half of the century; German relevant documents and the scientists physicist entrepreneurs identified efforts to develop an atomic bomb who participated. Goudsmit’s extensive their parents as immigrants. Almost during World War II, post-war physics Alsos Mission files are invaluable in as significant was the view, both by research, and scientific publishing. understanding German atomic bomb entrepreneurs and venture capital Because of its breadth and depth it is research and have been used by many of the importance of immigration to the most used collection in AIP’s Library historians. maintaining American competitive & Archives. advantage. One angel investor told us The last chapter of Goudsmit’s career that venture capital is beginning to move Goudsmit was a prolific letter writer began after the war when he accepted abroad because American immigration and a conscientious collector who two iconic positions, editor of the policy is discouraging the best and saved letters (often including copies Physics Review, then emerging as brightest from coming to or staying in of his outgoing correspondence) and the preeminent physics journal, and the . Another immigrant research director at the brand-new entrepreneur, who began his company other documents from his student days in the 1990s, now employing more than through the end of his career. He was Brookhaven National Laboratory. In 700 and the technological leader in his born in the and studied 1966 he also became Editor-in-Chief field, told us that since 9/11 it was easier theoretical physics at the University of the American Physical Society. His for foreign students trained in the US of Leiden under . His postwar files broaden to embrace both to return to their homelands to begin discovery of in 1925 with the new high-energy physics research companies; taking the technologies fellow student George E. Uhlenbeck at Brookhaven and the entire spectrum they had developed with them. ■ represents his signal scientificof physics. Goudsmit retired contribution. In addition, he conducted from Brookhaven in 1970 but retained other important research over his his editorial duties until 1974. career, and he received a variety of “Proof,” I said, “is always a rela- honors and awards, culminating in the In summary, the Goudsmit Papers, and “tive thing. It’s an overwhelming top U.S. science prize, the National especially his rich correspondence, balance of probabilities. And Medal of Science. document the mainstream of physics that’s a matter of how they research from the 1920s through the strike you.” Upon completing his doctorate in 1927, mid-1970s. The project to digitize the ” Goudsmit settled at the University of Goudsmit Papers took two years and Philip Marlowe in Raymond Chandler’s Michigan. In 1928 he helped establish was partially supported by the U.S. Farewell, My Lovely, 1940 the famous Michigan Summer Schools in National Historical Publications and Theoretical Physics, which were taught Records Commission. ■

2 History Newsletter | Summer 2011 www.aip.org/history Disciplinary History Centers’ Success in Capturing the History of Science By Greg Good, Director, Center for History of Physics

The AIP Center for History of Physics histories clustered around their core augment the written history of physics. (CHP) and the Niels Bohr Library & disciplines, but all of them are also very The early-career historians chose the Archives (NBL&A) are the world’s conscious that disciplinary boundaries conference theme, conducted the call premier institutions dedicated to the are not fixed. Much of the best science for abstracts, and will present most of the preservation and dissemination of crosses boundaries and always has. This more than 30 papers at the conference. physics history. Together, these two does not mean that disciplinary history Their topics range from investigations AIP programs constitute a “disciplinary centers are outdated. They serve the of the Geiger-Müller counter and history center.” In fact, we were the first critical need for enhancing the visibility controversies over quantum gravity and such center in history of science when of history of science. Working together, statistical to the history of the CHP and the NBL&A were created in these diverse centers cover much more auroral physics and the prediction of the the 1960s. Since then, disciplinary history history and many more sciences than positron. The conference also features a centers have formed that focus on other their names imply. public lecture by David DeVorkin, Senior areas such as chemistry, computing, and Curator of History of Astronomy and . This summer, the Center for History of the Space Sciences at the Smithsonian Physics will undertake a new initiative National Air and Space Museum. The I recently visited two such disciplinary by hosting a conference for early-career evening of Friday, July 29, DeVorkin will history centers that promote the history historians of science, “Continuity and deliver a talk entitled “How the Cold War of sciences closely related to physics. Discontinuity in the Physical Sciences Changed the Smithsonian’s Astrophysical The Chemical Heritage Foundation Since the Enlightenment.” The most Observatory.” The conference begins on (CHF) in Philadelphia focuses not only important goal of the conference is to July 28 with a full day of sessions and on chemistry, obviously, but also medical bring together the rising generation of closes July 31 with a look toward the chemistry and nuclear science—topics historians of the physical sciences so future of the history of physics. that clearly overlap some of CHP’s they can begin to build the next active interests. The Charles Babbage Institute community of historians of physics. It’s Although the conference is by and for the (CBI) in Minneapolis serves a similar their community to build, and both the young historians of physics, registration purpose for the history of computing. Center for History of Physics and the is open to everyone interested in the CHP, CHF, CBI, and the IEEE History Center Niels Bohr Library and Archives need history of physics and allied sciences. all help scholars and others to explore a strong community of researchers to Please join us. ■

George Porter during his plenary talk at ‘The International Conference on Luminescence’ in Torun, Poland. September 25–28, 1963. Credit: Nicolaus Copernicus University, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. www.aip.org/history Summer 2011 | History Newsletter 3 History of Physics in Utrecht

Welcome to Utrecht! Utrecht University bert van Helden, A.J. Kox, Frans van Lun- cal and Comparative Studies of the Sci- in the Netherlands houses a strong and teren and Fred Muller; recent HPS PhD ences and Humanities; Philosophy of competitive graduate programme in graduates with an emphasis on physics Science; Foundations of Physics, and, History and Philosophy of Science. Fur- include M.P. Seevinck (on correlations finally, Mathematics and Logic. thermore, HPS in Utrecht offers tracks in physical theories and what these say that have a robust emphasis on History about the world), Daan Wegener (on A substantial number of graduate stu- and Philosophy of Physics. Courses and the history of energy conservation in dents enrol after having completed student research can also be combined 19th century German science and cul- their undergraduate degrees in Utrecht, with courses and research in core phys- ture) and David Baneke (on the desire which generally already contain a num- ics disciplines, notably in theoretical for “synthesis” in Dutch debates about ber of high level HPS courses in their physics. Utrecht’s HPS program is en- science and culture in general during curriculum; consequently, HPS graduate tirely offered in English, and is as such the first third of the twentieth century). students are expected to immediately the only program on the European con- perform at an advanced level. This is tinent in the field. Many HPS students Utrecht’s HPS program is taught at two particularly true in the case of students from outside the Netherlands and out- of the university’s institutes: The In- who have done a Bachelor degree in side Europe enroll at Utrecht University. stitute for History and Foundations of physics in Utrecht. Science, which is part of the Physics HPS in Utrecht can be studied at the Department, and the university-wide The Utrecht Institute for History and Master and PhD Foundations of level; the first de- Science houses gree is obtained the editorial of- after two years, af- fices of two of ter which the most the leading jour- successful students nals in the field: may be invited to Studies in History continue towards and Philosophy a PhD in Utrecht. of Physics, and 80% of Utrecht’s Foundations of Master’s degree Physics. Further- graduates con- more, “Gewina”, tinue for a PhD in the History of Utrecht, elsewhere Science Society in the Netherlands, of Holland and or abroad. Belgium, has its offices there, and Currently, the core close collabora- faculty that teaches tions exist with History and Phi- the Einstein Pa- losophy of Phys- pers Project at The Oudegracht (“Old canal”) in Utrecht, the Netherlands. ics includes Den- Caltech and the nis Dieks, Jeroen van Dongen and Jos Descartes Centre. With the combined Max Planck Institute for the History of Uffink. Their research centers on the faculty of both, our HPS degree program Science in nearby Berlin. At the Des- historiography of late 19th and 20th cen- can offer advanced courses in history cartes Centre, recent visiting faculty in tury physics, and foundational issues in and philosophy of all core academic dis- History and Philosophy of Physics have physics and philosophy of science; re- ciplines, even the humanities; students included Roman Frigg and Miklos Re- cent topics have included the science can of course also choose to do a num- dei from the LSE, and Giovanni Valente and life of and his con- ber of topical courses in the sciences or from Pittsburgh. In collaboration with temporaries, foundational debates on humanities proper. HPS is one of Utre- the Centre for the Humanities, it hosts space, time and , cht University’s designated research fo- Peter Galison (Harvard) who holds the and the development of European phys- cus areas, which is reflected in a broad Treaty of Utrecht Visiting Chair for 2010 ics in the context of World War II and presence of faculty in the field. Main through 2013. The Descartes Centre also the Cold War. Visiting Associates in His- recommended tracks that the program hosts many other prominent historians tory and Philosophy of Physics are Al- offers are in: History of Science; Histori- (Continued on page 6)

4 History Newsletter | Summer 2011 www.aip.org/history Joseph Rotblat’s Archive: Some Anomalies and Difficulties By Martin C. Underwood, Dept of Physics, Sub-Dept. of , University of Oxford and Dept. of The History and Philosophy of Science,

Introduction for the consequences of their work and This has become possible as a conse- scientific research should be for the quence of funding from The Friends of Professor Sir Joseph Rotblat was a dis- benefit of humanity, a driving principle The Center For The History of Physics tinguished scientist who made signifi- in his life and work being that scientists at AIP, allowing me to consult Rotblat’s cant contributions to nuclear physics, cannot dissociate themselves from the Archive that is now becoming avail- worked on the development of the consequences of their work, however able, housed in the Churchill Archives atomic bomb (he was the only scientist difficult to predict. Centre, Churchill College, University of to leave the where Cambridge. Many insights and anoma- these weapons of mass destruction Joseph Rotblat worked at the Univer- lies have already been uncovered and were being developed) and was sus- sity of , discovering inelastic in this short summary I describe some pected of being a soviet spy. Rotblat scattering. He was invited in of the findings, to date. was appalled when nuclear weapons 1939 to work at Liverpool University were used on Hiroshima and Naga- with . Towards the end The Manhattan Project saki, although he did work, albeit for a of 1939 Rotblat began experiments in short time, on their development and Liverpool which demonstrated that In his seminal paper ‘Leaving the Bomb’, in his view with little impact. Instead the nuclear bomb was feasible. At the Rotblat says ‘And so, on Christmas Eve he dedicated himself to the medical beginning of 1944 Rotblat joined the 1944, I sailed for the United Kingdom....I uses of nuclear physics and radiation, Chadwick group at Los Alamos, New packed all (emphasis is mine) my docu- taking up the post of Professor of Phys- Mexico to work on the Manhattan Proj- ments-research notes as well as corre- ics (as applied to medicine) at St. Bar- ect, which was developing the atomic spondence and other records in a box.... tholomew’s Medical College and made bomb. At the end of 1944 he resigned Chadwick personally helped me put the major contributions to this field, be- and returned to England.1 box on the train to New York. But when coming one of the world’s leading re- I arrived there a few hours later, the box searchers into the biological effects of In this paper I describe some new was missing. Nor, despite valiant efforts, 2 radiation. Rotblat was to develop the findings that will lead to a reappraisal was it ever recovered.’ view that scientists were responsible of some aspects of his life and work. (Continued on next page)

Photo taken at the official start-up of the Uppsala by E. O. Lawrence. The winners were asked to sign their names on the coffee pot. L–R: Theodor Svedberg, , , Glenn Seaborg, Santa Lucia girl (note the candles in her hair), and Ernest Walton. December 1951. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, gift of E. T. S. Walton. www.aip.org/history Summer 2011 | History Newsletter 5 (Utrecht, continued from page 4) a rich cultural life and a vibrant econo- The discovery of these papers is a sig- of science who focus on other disci- my. So, to all aspiring young historians nificant finding as it is totally at odds plines than physics. of physics: Visit Utrecht, or better still: with Rotblat’s account of events. It join us for a first rate degree in History could be that Rotblat was simply mis- The atmosphere at Utrecht’s HPS insti- and Philosophy of Science! taken, reporting over 40 years after the tutes is distinctly lively, with many stu- events, the papers could have been dent activities, conferences and semi- For more information about the gradu- removed by someone else, possibly nars. There is much interdisciplinary ate program and related matters, please Chadwick, but this is only speculation. collaboration across departments, fac- visit: This contradiction will be the subject of ulty is easily accessible to students and http://www.phil.uu.nl/HPS/ future work. the university offers excellent libraries http://www.descartescentre.com/index. and other facilities. For the historian of php?lang=eng St. Bartholomew’s Medical College or email: [email protected] physics it should be noted that some Following his return to Liverpool Uni- of Europe’s best physics archives are to versity in late 1944, Rotblat started to be found within commuting distance (Rotblat, continued from page 4) change the direction of his research in Haarlem, Leiden, Amsterdam and of The Archive contains, much to my sur- activities. Perhaps, in part, as a reaction course in Utrecht itself. prise, a considerable body of papers to the horrors of the use of the atom from Rotblat’s time at Los Alamos. In bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, he Utrecht University is one of Europe’s summary, these papers contain: became involved in the medical uses leading institutions of higher learning, of radioisotopes and radiation in diag- and has consistently been listed in the Plan of an experiment to determine the nosis and treatment. This culminated European top ten in the Shanghai rank- capture cross-section of 235U3 in his accepting the post of Professor ing of global universities. The town of of Physics (as applied to medicine) St. Utrecht is very attractive, with beautiful 1. A method for neutron energy mea- Bartholomew’s Medical College, Lon- age old canals, gabled houses, a lively surements4 don University. The hospital housed city centre and a large and active student a 15 MeV linear accelerator, used for community. It is located in the heart of 2. Notes on an experiments to deter- treatment that was employed for re- the “Randstad” metro area, which in- mine some nuclear constants3 search when not being utilised for cludes Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The clinical purposes. Rotblat, however, 5 Hague; one finds here many museums, 3. Monthly report wanted an accelerator devoted solely for research. He succeeded and a full Grants-in-Aid Awarded in Fall 2010 and Spring 2011 assessment of the performance of this machine can now be made from papers Most of the grant-in-aid funding for 2011 is being used to bring early-career scholars contained in the Archive.6 to the AIP conference “Continuity and Discontinuity in the Physical Sciences since the Enlightenment.” Approximately 30 travel grants were awarded. An order was placed with Vickers in May 1961, and delivered to site in July 1963 and assembled by December of that year. The specification called for Patrick Welsh (Ph.D. candidate, Florida Dr. Donald Salisbury (Austin College, a 5 micro-second pulse at 100 pulses State University), to support oral histo- Sherman, TX), to support oral history per second. Vickers carried out trials ries related to physics and national se- interviews on the early history of quan- during 1964 and obtained a pulse curity in the 1960s. tum gravity. length of 1.7 micro-seconds at full power. A new wave guide was fitted Dr. Josep Simon (Institut de Recherches Dr. Jaume Navarro (Max Planck Institute in 1965 and Vickers claimed a beam of Philosophiques, Université Paris Ouest), for History of Science, Berlin), to sup- at an energy of 14.6 MeV and to support research on Robert Andrews port research at the Niels Bohr Library a current of 750 mA. St. Bartholomew’s Millikan and the making of an American & Archives on teaching of physics pre- staff measured the energy to be 11.8 pedagogy of physics. World War II. MeV. In October 1965 it was agreed that an independent measurement should be sought and Barts agreed to A note to former Grant-in-Aid awardees and other scholars who have researched in take the machine if it performed within the Niels Bohr Library & Archives or conducted oral history interviews for us: Please 10% of the specification. Independent consider writing a short overview of your research. We will gladly consider articles assessors from the Rutherford up to 1000 words for the next issue of the newsletter. Laboratory were appointed and carried

6 History Newsletter | Summer 2011 www.aip.org/history out energy measurements in June 1966, appointed Professor) said in relation to 2. Rotblat. J (1985). Leaving the Bomb. after a new klystron was fitted. The this machine and Joseph Rotblat, that Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, energy was measured at 13.5 MeV at a ‘great men are allowed to make great reprinted in Underwood. M (2009). current of 750 mA which was just within mistakes’7 and only one research paper Joseph Rotblat: A Man of Conscience the agreed acceptance limits. was produced. in the Nuclear Age, Sussex Academic Press. The machine was subject to frequent Acknowledgements: I am very grateful breakdowns and not fit for day to day for the help provided by the staff of The 3. Rotblat. J (1944). Churchill Archives running and research. Bart’s wanted a Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill Centre, The Papers of Joseph Rotblat, complete independent assessment of College, Cambridge University and the RTBT, D.53A. the machine but Vickers refused. In Listening Service Team of The British Li- 1967 the S.R.C. were brought in for a fi- brary Sound Archive. I very much thank 4. Rotblat. J (1944). Churchill Archives nal arbitration and the Rutherford Lab- The Friends of The Center for The His- Centre, The Papers of Joseph Rotblat, oratory recommended acceptance of tory of Physics, The American Institute RTBT,D.53B. the machine in March 1968. However, of Physics for financial support. I would some months later the klystron burnt also like to acknowledge and thank 5. Rotblat. J (1944). Churchill Archives out and a replacement was purchased Professor Robin Devenish of The Sub- Centre, The Papers of Joseph Rotblat, with an S.R.C. grant. Various attempts Dept. of Particle Physics, Dept. of Phys- RTBT, D.52C. were made to run the machine from ics, University of Oxford and Professor July 1968 to March 1969 which failed John Forrester of The Dept. of The His- 6. Rotblat. J ( 1975). Churchill Archives due, largely, to arcing in the wave- tory and Philosophy of Science, Uni- Centre, The Papers of Joseph Rotblat, guides. In March 1969 the klystron versity of Cambridge for allowing me RTBT, C.156. burnt out again after only 485 hours of access to their respective Departments. operation. A new klystron was eventu- 7. Kember. N (2006). ‘Personal Remi- ally purchased from hospital funds but References niscences from St. Bartholomew’s’. In funding ceased in September 1976. 1. For an account of his life and work (Eds) Rowlands. P & Attwood. V (2006). Some student-based research work see Underwood. M (2009). Joseph Rotb- War and Peace: The Life and Work of Sir was undertaken, but the machine was lat: A Man of Conscience in the Nuclear Joseph Rotblat, The University of Liver- not a success. Age, Sussex Academic Press. pool Press, p165. ■

The Vickers 15 MeV linear accelerator installed in St. Bartholomew’s Medical College in 1963 was plagued with prob- lems from the outset. Independent as- sessors were appointed to review the machine, but Bart’s agreed, it can be argued, an acceptance criterion that was not stringent enough. When Barts wanted additional outside, indepen- dent opinions as to the performance of the machine, Vickers were not pressed hard enough to agree to this. At one point, Thompson-Varian did not honor the guarantee covering the per- formance of the klystron and hospital funds were used to purchase a replace- ment. The manufacturer claimed that the klystron was running at too high a current and therefore out of specifi- cation. There is no evidence in the Ar- chive of these claims being challenged. Project management was simply not careful and tight enough. Norman Kem- At the annual Department of Physics Picnic, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, ber, who succeeded Rotblat as Head of from left to right are: Donald M. Ginsberg, Lorella M. Jones (with banjo), graduate students Lynn A. Garren and Richard F. Martin, and two unidentified persons. Circa 1978-79. Credit: the Academic Department in St. Bar- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè tholomew’s Medical College (and later Visual Archives. www.aip.org/history Summer 2011 | History Newsletter 7 Recent Publications of Interest British Journal for the History of Science Compiled by Greg Good Vol. 43, No. 158: Thomas F. Mayer, “The Roman Inquisition’s precept to Galileo This is our usual compilation of some (by no means all) recently published articles (1616)”; Omar W. Nasim, “Observation, on the history of modern physics, astronomy, geophysics, and allied fields. Note working images and procedure: the that these bibliographies have been posted on our Web site since 1994, and you can ‘Great Spiral’ in Lord Rosse’s astronomical search the full text of all of them (along with our annual book bibliography, recent record books and beyond”; Cyrus C.M. Catalog of Sources entries, exhibit materials, etc.) by using the “Search” icon on our Mody and Michael Lynch, “Test objects site index: www.aip.org/history/s-index.htm. and other epistemic things: a history of a nanoscale object”. To restrict your search to the bibliographies, enter in the box: [your search term(s)] and “recent publications” Vol. 44, No. 160: Stephen Pumfrey, “‘Your astronomers and ours differ Notes and Records of the Royal Society Solomon, “Kuhn’s Alternative Path: exceedingly’: the controversy over the Vol. 64, No. 4: M.I. Grossman, “William Science and the Social Resistance to ‘new star’ of 1572 in the light of a newly Higgins at the Dublin Society, 1810-20: Criticism”; and Alex Levine, “Thomas discovered text by Thomas Digges”; and the loss of a professorship and a claim to Kuhn’s Cottage”. Kevin Lambert, “The uses of analogy: the atomic theory”; J. Wess, “Crookes’s James Clerk Maxwell’s ‘On Faraday’s lines radiometers: a train of thought manifest”. Vol. 18, No. 4: Jeffrey McDonough, of force’ and early Victorian analogical “Leibniz’s Optics and Contingency in argument”. Perspectives on Science ”. Vol. 18, No. 3: Jed Z. Buchwald, “A Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences Reminiscence of Thomas Kuhn”; Vol. 19, No. 1: Gert Goeminne, “Once Vol. 41, No. 1: Lewis Pyenson, “The Vasso Kindi, “Novelty and Revolution upon a Time I was a Nuclear Physicist. Enlightened Image of Nature in the in Art and Science: The Influence of What the Politics of Sustainability can Dutch East Indies: Consequences of Kuhn on Cavell”; K. Brad Wray, “Kuhn’s Learn from the Nuclear Laboratory”. Postmodernist Doctrine for Broad Constructivism”; Struan Jacobs, “J.B. Structures and Intimate Life”; and Suman Conant’s Other Assistant: Science as Vol. 19, No. 2: Paul Pojman, “The Seth, “The History of Physics after the Depicted by Leonard K. Nash, including Influence of Biology and Psychology Cultural Turn” [essay review]. Reference to Thomas Kuhn”; Stephanie upon Physics: Ernst Mach Revisited”. Vol. 41, No. 2: Arturo Russo, “Europe’s Path to Mars: The European Space Agency’s Mars Express Mission”; and Olof Hallonsten, “Growing Big Science in a Small Country: MAX-lab and the Swedish Research Policy System”.

Physics in Perspective Vol. 12, No. 4: C. Olivotto and A. Testa, “Galileo and the Movies”; S. Reif- Acherman, “Henri Victor Regnault: Experimentalist of the Science of Heat”; P. Halpern, “The Physical Tourist: A DC Circuit Tour”; and H. Lustig, “The Life and Times of ” [essay review].

Vol. 13, No. 1: H. Kragh, “Resisting the Bohr Atom: The Early British Opposition”; C.H. Holbrow, “Dick Crane’s California Days”; and L. Bonolis, “ and

Emmett Pybus, one of the members of the Ballistic Research team that conducted studies of the Racial Laws of Fascist Italy”. the stratosphere in the Antarctic, making a final check of the ‘line’ before launching a weather balloon. The team, from Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, worked under the sponsorship Physics Today of the National Science Foundation. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. Vol. 63, No. 8 (August 2010): T.N.

8 History Newsletter | Summer 2011 www.aip.org/history

Documentation Preserved Ernest J. Sternglass papers. Collection Compiled by Melanie Brown Dates: circa 1952–2008. Size: 80 cubic feet.

Our report of new collections or new finding aids is based on our regular survey of archives and other repositories. Many of the collections are new accessions, which may not be processed, and we also include previously reported collections that now Dartmouth College. Rauner Special have an online finding aid available. Collections Library. Hanover, NH 03755, USA To learn more about any of the collections listed below, use the International Catalog of Sources for History of Physics and Allied Sciences at www.aip.org/history/icos. Arthur Kantrowitz papers. Collection You can search in a variety of ways including by author or by repository. Dates: 1937–2007. Size: 92 linear feet (62 boxes). Restrictions: Unrestricted. Please contact the repository mentioned for information on restrictions and access to the collections. Oral history interview with Leonard M. Rieser. Collection Dates: 1996. Size: Transcript: 82 pages. Audio recording: NEW COLLECTIONS California Institute of Technology. In- 5 audio cassettes. Restrictions: Unre- stitute Archives. 1201 East California stricted. McMaster University. University Li- Blvd. (Mail Code 015A-74), Pasadena, brary. Division of Special Collections. CA 91125, USA Leonard Rieser papers. Collection Dates: 1280 Main Street, West, Hamilton, 1960–1966. Size: 1.75 linear feet (2 box- ON L8S 4L6 Canada Oral history interview with Leverett Davis. es). Restrictions: Unrestricted. Collection Dates: 1983 May 5. Size: Tran- Terry J. Kennett papers. Collection Dates: script: 55 pages. 1957–1991. Size: 6.5 centimeters. Restric- Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archives. tions: There are no access restrictions. Oral history interview with Jerome Pine. JPL Archive, MS 512-110, 4800 Oak Size: Transcript: 50 pages. Restrictions: Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”. No direct quotations in writing. 8099, USA Dipartimento di Fisica. Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome Oral history interview with Wallace Leslie Lew Allen papers. Collection Dates: William Sargent. Collection Dates: 1991. 1976–1991. Size: 17.7 cubic feet. Restric- Mario Ageno papers. Collection Dates: Size: Transcript: 53 pages. tions: Records must be reviewed and 1914–1993. Size: 54 boxes. cleared before foreign release. Some Oral history interview with Thomas Fos- discreet records are not available to the Giorgio Careri papers. ter Strong. Collection Dates: 1979. Size: public. Transcript: 50 pages. Restrictions: No Carlo Salvetti papers. publication. Andrew J. Butrica radar astronomy col- lection. Collection Dates: 1993–1994. Claudio Villi papers. Collection Dates: Kip Thorne interviews conducted for his Size: 0.6 cubic feet. Restrictions: Re- 1949–1997. Size: 63 boxes. book “Black Holes and Time Warps.” Col- cords must be reviewed and cleared lection Dates: 1980–1989. Size: Audio re- before foreign release. cordings: 181 cassettes, CDs or MP3 files. Boulder Public Library. 1001 Arapa- James A. Cutts papers. Collection Dates: hoe Ave., Boulder, CO 80302, USA 1982–1987. Size: 2.1 cubic feet (7 boxes). Children’s Museum of Oak Ridge. Restrictions: Records must be reviewed Albert A. Bartlett photograph collection. 461 West Outer Dr., Oak Ridge, TN and cleared before public release. Collection Dates: 1941–1942, 1992. Size: 37830, USA 1.5 linear feet (3 boxes). Robert H. Goddard photograph collec- Alvin Weinberg papers. Collection Dates: tion. Collection Dates: 1915–1940. Size: Oral history interview with Albert A. 1940–1960. 0.15 cubic feet. Bartlett. Collection Dates: 1994. Size: Au- dio recording: 1 sound cassette. Infrared Astronomical Satellite records. Cornell University. Carl A. Kroch Li- Collection Dates: 1978–1982. Size: 14 Oral history interview with Albert A. brary. Division of Rare and Manu- cubic feet. Restrictions: Records must Bartlett. Collection Dates: 1991. Size: Au- script Collections. 2B Carl A Kroch be reviewed and cleared before foreign dio recording: 1 sound cassette. Library, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA release.

10 History Newsletter | Summer 2011 www.aip.org/history Charles E. Kohlhase papers. Collection tions: Open to research. Restrictions Size: 57 pages. Restrictions: Unrestricted Dates: 1966–1990. Size: 1.5 cubic feet (3 may apply to unprocessed material. access. boxes, 1 oversize box). Restrictions: Re- cords must be reviewed and cleared be- Paul Kendig papers. Collection Dates: fore foreign release. Pennsylvania State University. Librar- 1938–1987. Size: 1.5 cubic feet. Restric- ies. Special Collections Division. Uni- tions: Unrestricted access. These ma- Mars Observer Project records. Collec- versity Park, PA 16802, USA terials are stored offsite. Please allow tion Dates: 1982–1994. Size: 104.2 cubic three days for retrieval before use. feet Restrictions: Records must be re- Wheeler P. Davey papers. Collection viewed and cleared before public re- Dates: 1907–1945. Size: 0.5 cubic feet. Hans H. Neuberger papers. Collection lease. Restrictions: Unrestricted access. Dates: 1929–1988. Size: 0.9 cubic feet. These materials are stored offsite. Restrictions: Unrestricted access. These Edward C. Stone papers. Collection Please allow three days for retrieval materials are stored offsite. Please allow Dates: 1976–2001. Size: 33.3 cubic feet. before use. three days for retrieval before use. Restrictions: Records must be reviewed and cleared before foreign release. D. C. Duncan class record books. Col- Elburt F. Osborn papers. Collection lection Dates: 1918–1953. Size: 0.5 cubic Dates: 1911–1998. Size: 3.45 cubic feet. feet (27 class record books). Restric- Restrictions: Unrestricted access. These Library of Congress. Geography and tions: Restricted access. These materi- materials are stored offsite. Please allow Map Division. 101 Independence als are stored offsite. Please allow three three days for retrieval before use. Avenue SE, Madison Bldg, Room LM days for retrieval before use. B01, Washington, DC 20540-4650, Pennsylvania State University Environ- USA Recollections by David C. Duncan [manu- mental Acoustics Laboratory records. Col- script]. Collection Dates: 1970 June 8. (Continued on next page) Marie Tharp papers.

Library of Congress. Manuscript Divi- sion. James Madison Memorial Build- ing, First Street and Independence Avenue, S. E., Washington, DC 20540, USA

Robert Furman papers. Collection Dates: 1944–1985. Size: 0.4 linear feet (1 box, 350 items).

Hezeen-Tharp collection. Collection Dates: circa 1957–circa 1995. Size: ap- proximately 23,200 items.

William H. Littlewood papers. Collection Dates: circa 1955–1958. Size: 11 boxes. Restrictions: Restrictions may apply to unprocessed material.

Arno A. Penzias papers. Collection Dates: 1931–2006 (bulk 1963–1998). Size: 10.8 linear feet (27 containers plus 2 oversize, 1 artifact, and electronic files or 9,500 items). Restrictions: Open to research.

Francis W. Reichelderfer papers. Collec- tion Dates: 1918–1983 (bulk 1939–1967). Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar reading; apparatus in background is a Taylor-Couette rig. Credit: Size: 3.6 linear feet (9 boxes). Restric- AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Gift of Kameshwar Wali www.aip.org/history Summer 2011 | History Newsletter 11 (New Collections, cont’d from previous page) 1995–2005. Size: 7 linear feet (26 VHS vid- University of California, Berkeley. eo tapes, 2 audio cassettes 3 DVD-R, 68 lection Dates: 1972–1979. Size: 1 cubic The Bancroft Library. Berkeley, CA, betacam videos). Restrictions: Betacam foot. Restrictions: Unrestricted access. 94720-6000, USA videos are restricted master copies; if These materials are stored offsite. Please no VHS copy exists, allow approximately allow three days for retrieval before use. Bruce A. Bolt papers. Collection Dates: two weeks to have one made. 1930–2005. Size: 15 linear feet (12 car- Pennsylvania State University Materials tons). Restrictions: Unarranged collec- David Locke Webster papers. Collection Research Laboratory records. Collection tion. Advance notice required for use. Dates: 1915–1973. Size: 21 linear feet. Dates: 1949–1996. Size: 5 cubic feet. Re- strictions: Partial restrictions. Personnel Perry Byerly papers. Collection Dates: files in box 5 are restricted for 70 years 1941–1974. Size: 8.75 linear feet (7 car- from the date of creation. Non-public State University of New York at Buf- tons). Restrictions: Unarranged col- records are restricted for 20 years from falo, University Archives, 420 Capen lection; unavailable for use. Inquiries the date of creation. Hall, Amherst Campus, Buffalo, New regarding these materials should be di- York 14260, USA rected, in writing, to the Head of Public T. A. Wiggins papers. Collection Dates: Services, the Bancroft Library. Collec- Stanislaw W. Mrozowski additional papers. 1945–2003. Size: 4 cubic feet. Restric- tion is stored off-site. tions: Unrestricted access. These ma- Collection Dates: undated. Size: 22 boxes. terials are stored offsite. Please allow Oral history interview with Patricia Wal- three days for retrieval before use. lace Durbin. Collection Dates: 1979 and Tufts University. Tisch Library. Ar- 1980. Size: Transcript: 115 leaves. Audio chives and Special Collections. Med- recording: 3 sound cassettes. Stanford University. Department of ford, MA 02155, USA Special Collections and University Ar- Albert Einstein letters to Otto Stern. Col- George Preston Bacon papers. Collec- chives. Stanford, CA 94305, USA lection Dates: 1914–1917. Size: 5 letters, tion Dates: 1930–1939. Size: 2 linear feet. 1 postcard. Restrictions: In-process col- Restrictions: Some records may be re- Isabel Steiner Karkau collection on Wil- lection; unavailable for use. Inquiries stricted. liam Shockley and eugenics. Collection regarding these materials should be di- Dates: 1966–1973. Size: 0.25 linear foot. rected, in writing, to the Head of Public papers. Collection Dates: Services, the Bancroft Library. William E. Spicer collection on William 1910–1988. Size: 1.5 linear feet. Restric- Shockley and eugenics. Collection Dates: tions: Some records may be restricted. Oral history interview with Thomas L. 1965–1970. Size: 0.25 linear foot. Hayes. Collection Dates: 1980. Size: Tran- Tufts University Department of Physics script: 80 leaves. Stanford University Center for Computer and Astronomy high energy physics re- Research in Music and Acoustics records. cords. Collection Dates: 1956–2009. Size: Joel Henry Hildebrand papers. Collec- Collection Dates: 1967–2001. Size: 40 lin- 7.25 linear feet. Restrictions: Some re- tion Dates: 1903–1986 (bulk 1923–1981). ear feet. Restrictions: Electronic media cords may be restricted. Size: 6.65 linear feet (5 cartons, 1 box, 1 and audio-visual materials currently not oversize folder). Restrictions: Collection available for use. Tufts University Department of Phys- ics and Astronomy records. Collection stored, in part, off-site. Advance notice Stanford University Department of Physics Dates: undated. Size: 1 carton. Restric- required for use. photographs. Collection Dates: 1910–1973 tions: Some records may be restricted. (bulk 1965–1973). Size: 2.5 linear feet. John David Jackson papers. Collection Dates: 1949–2000. Size: 35 linear feet (28 Stanford University Department of Phys- Tulane University. Howard Tilton Me- cartons). Restrictions: Unarranged col- ics records. Collection Dates: 1905–1994 morial Library. Special Collections lection; unavailable for use. Inquiries (bulk 1960–1994). Size: 60 linear feet. Division. Manuscripts Collection. regarding these materials should be di- 7001 Freret Street, New Orleans, LA rected, in writing, to the Head of Public Stanford University Physics Library crank 70118, USA Services, The Bancroft Library. Collec- file. Collection Dates: 1983–1990. Size: 2 tion stored off-site. linear feet. John Karlem Riess papers. Collection Dates: 1866–2002 (bulk 1920s–1990s). Ernest O. Lawrence papers. Collection Silicon genesis: oral history interviews of Size: 13.5 linear feet. Restrictions: Access Dates: 1948–1958. Size: 0.4 linear feet (1 Silicon Valley scientists. Collection Dates: is unrestricted. box).

12 History Newsletter | Summer 2011 www.aip.org/history Ernest O. Lawrence personal papers. Col- Charles S. Wright photographs. Collec- Oral history interview with James Arnold lection Dates: 1904–1966. Size: 8.75 lin- tion Dates: 1960–1965. Size: 13 photo- and Keith Brueckner. Collection Dates: ear feet (3 cartons, 4 oversize boxes). graphs. 1998 June 10. Size: Audio recording: 2 Restrictions: Collection stored off-site: cassettes (circa 100 minutes). Advance notice required for use. Bernard D. Zetler. Collection Dates: 1945–1991 (bulk 1972–1985). Size: 3.75 Oral history interview with James Arnold. Oral history interview with John Hundale linear feet (130 slides, 22 glass lantern Collection Dates: 1985 October 5. Size: Lawrence. Collection Dates: 1979 and slides). Transcript: 43 pages. 1980. Size: Transcript: 165 pages. Oral history interview with James Arnold. Oral history interview with Edward Jo- University of California, San Diego. Collection Dates: 2000 July 19. Size: Au- seph Lofgren. Collection Dates: 2006 May Mandeville Special Collections Li- dio recording: 1 cassette (circa 65 min- brary. 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 6, 13, and 20. Size: Audio recording: 9 utes). CA 92093, USA cassettes. Oral history interview with James Arnold. James Arnold and Fred Peters lecture Collection Dates: 2000 October 26. Size: Oral history interview with Howard [sound recording]. Collection Dates: May Audio recording: 1 cassette (circa 76 Charles Mel. Collection Dates: 1979. Size: 14, 1997. Size: Audio recording: 1 cas- minutes). Transcript: 141 pages. Audio recording: 6 sette (circa 81 minutes). cassettes. Margaret Burbidge papers. Collection Oral history interview with James Arnold Dates: 1950–2004. Size: 23 linear feet. Oral history interview with Alexander V. and Devandra Lal. Collection Dates: 1997 Restrictions: Unprocessed collection. Nichols. Collection Dates: 1979. Size: April 18. Size: Audio recording: 1 cas- Please contact the Manuscripts Librar- Transcript: 91 pages. sette (circa 2.5 hours). ian, Mandeville Special Collections Li- brary, UCSD. Oral history interview with Wallace B. Oral history interview with James Arnold Reynolds. Collection Dates: 1975–1976. and Devandra Lal. Collection Dates: 1999 William Lanouette collection on Leo Size: Transcript: 91 pages. Audio record- June 9. Size: Audio recording: 1 cassette Szilard. Collection Dates: 1920–2006. ing: 4 tape reels. (circa 90 minutes). Size: 5 linear feet (7 boxes, 11 card file boxes). Restrictions: Audiocassette re- Oral history interview with Andrew M. Oral history interview with James Arnold cordings in boxes 8 through 18 in the Sessler. Collection Dates: 1975. Size: and Ernest Anderson. Collection Dates: “Interviews on Cassette Tape” series are Transcript: 1 volume. 1996 June 3. Size: Audio recording: 2 restricted. Researchers must request cassettes. (Continued on next page) Oral history interview with William Brad- ford Shockley. Collection Dates: 1976. Size: Audio recording: 1 cassette.

University of California, San Diego. Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Mail Code C-075-C. La Jolla, CA 92093-0175, USA

Gustav Arrhenius papers. Collection Dates: 1961–1964. Size: 1 manuscript box.

Richard P. Phillips papers. Collection Dates: 1964–1981. Size: 4 linear feet (3 cartons).

David Franklin Willoughby photographs L–R: Carol Ann Prombo; Michael Jura; Harold Kroto; Dieter Hartmann; Peter Martin; John Mathis [slides]. Collection Dates: 1973–1990. at a NASA Workshop on Isotopic Anomalies at Clemson University. November 12, 1990. Credit: Size: 252 35mm color slides. AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Clayton Collection. www.aip.org/history Summer 2011 | History Newsletter 13 Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Don York records. Collection Dates: undated. Size: 17 boxes.

University of Denver. Penrose Library. 2150 East Evans Avenue, Denver, CO 80208, USA

Oral history interview with Andrew Gassman. Collection Dates: 1986 April 18. Size: Audio recording: 1 cassette.

University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. University Archives. 1408 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology technical reports. Col- lection Dates: 1991–[ongoing]. Size: 6.0 cubic feet. L-R: Christopher Neu and Prem Singh testing ‘wire planes’ for the CDF Tracking Chamber Up- grade. Circa 1998. Credit: Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, William J. Fry papers. Collection Dates: courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. 1949–1970. Size: 0.2 cubic feet.

(New Collections, cont’d from previous page) Special Collections. 1100 East 57th Paul Handler papers. Collection Dates: Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA user copies be produced. Also, the 1955–1995. Size: 2.0 cubic feet. collection contains some photocopies Albert V. Crewe papers. Collection of originals held by other institutions. Glenn Mann papers. Collection Dates: Dates: undated. Size: 11 boxes. Restric- Should users want reproductions of 1960–2001. Size: 0.2 cubic feet. tions: Unproccessed collection. these documents, they must contact the owning institution. Sidney Rosen papers. Collection Dates: Michael Danos papers. Collection 1955–1992. Size: 0.3 cubic feet. Dates: 1950–2003. Size: 15.75 linear Marshall N. Rosenbluth papers. Collec- feet (29 boxes). Restrictions: Series V Adrian E. Scheidegger papers. Collection tion Dates: 1960–2003. Size: 1.4 linear (Boxes 20–28) contains restricted ma- Dates: 1958–1996. Size: 0.3 cubic feet. feet (4 archives boxes). terial. Much of this material contains legal correspondence, and is therefore Dean of Liberal Arts and Sciences Office Leo Slizard and Aaron Novick research restricted indefinitely. Box 28 contains college, curricular and course announce- files. Collection Dates: 1948–1969. Size: computer disks in obsolescent formats; ments and circulars. Collection Dates: 0.4 linear feet (1 archives box). access requires staff review and possi- 1898–1971, ongoing. Size: 0.6 cubic feet. ble reformatting. The remainder of the letters to Gertrud Weiss. Col- collection is unrestricted and open for Gregorio Weber papers. Collection lection Dates: 1937–1959. Size: 0.4 linear research. Dates: 1948–2000. Size: 0.1 cubic feet. 1 feet (1 archives box). optical disc (CD) : digital; 4 3/4 in. Re- George W. Dell oral history interviews strictions: Due to copyright restrictions, University of California, Los Angeles In- for a biography of Robert Hutchins. Col- the content of the cd-rom may only be stitute of Geophysics and Planetary Phys- lection Dates: 1958–1979 (bulk 1973– used in the University Archives. ics director’s reports. Collection Dates: 1979). Size: 1 linear foot (2 boxes). Re- 1960–1990. strictions: This collection is open for Kung Chie Yeh papers. Collection Dates: research. 1940s–2010. Size: 11.3 cubic feet.

University of Chicago. The Joseph Sloan Digital Sky Survey records. Collec- Regenstein Library. Department of tion Dates: undated. Size: 33 boxes.

14 History Newsletter | Summer 2011 www.aip.org/history University of Kansas. Libraries. Behram Kursunoglu papers. Collection Ronald Anderson papers. Collection Kenneth Spencer Research Library. Dates: 1967–1978. Size: 12 boxes. Re- Dates: 1987–2006. Size: 3.8 linear feet (5 University Archives. Lawrence, KS strictions: This collection is open for document boxes). Restrictions: No re- 66045, USA research. strictions on access.

Dinsmore Alter papers. Collection Dates: Paul Hertz papers. Collection Dates: 1917–1935. Size: 0.5 linear feet (1 box). University of Nevada, Reno. Library. dates unknown. Size: 5 linear feet. Re- Restrictions: No restrictions on access. Special Collections Dept., Reno, NV strictions: Researchers should note that Spencer Library staff may determine 89557, USA Rudolf Hertz reserves copyright to all use restrictions dependent on the phys- unpublished papers of Paul Hertz in the ical condition of manuscript materials. The structure of atomic nuclei [video- collection. recording], a lecture. Collection Dates: Ephraim Miller papers. Collection Dates: April 15, 1985. Size: 1 video tape cas- 1920–1931. Size: 0.25 linear feet (1 box). settes (VHS) : sound, color; 1/2-inch. University of Texas at Austin. Cen- Restrictions: No restrictions on access. William T. Scott collection on Michael ter for American History. Archives of Spencer Library staff may determine Polanyi. Collection Dates: 1903–1995 American Mathematics. Austin, TX use restrictions dependent on the phys- (bulk 1979–1991). Size: 1.0 cubic foot. 78713, USA ical condition of manuscript materials. William T. Scott papers. Collection Dates: Lawrence Bidenharn papers. Collection Richard Rhodes papers. Collection 1947–1982. Size: 1.25 cubic feet. Restric- Dates: 1931–1997. Size: 41 feet. Restric- Dates: 1938–2006. Size: 79 linear feet (79 tions: There are no restriction on the tions: Access to student records is re- boxes, 6 oversize boxes). Restrictions: use of this collection. stricted until 75 years after the date of Access to Box 50 of this collection is creation. All other material is open for prohibited prior to the year 2050 ex- University of Nevada, Reno Laboratory of research. These papers are stored re- cept by permission of Richard Rhodes Atmospheric Physics records. Collection motely. Advance notice required for re- or his heirs. Spencer Library staff may Dates: 1962–1969. trieval. Contact repository for retrieval. determine use restrictions dependent on the physical condition of manu- University of Pittsburgh. Hillman Li- John Wheeler papers. Collection Dates: script materials. brary. Archives of Scientific Philoso- 1938–1987. Size: 15 feet. Restrictions: phy in the Twentieth Century. Pitts- Access to student records is restricted (Continued on next page) Stephen J. Shawl collection of Discovery burgh, PA 15260, USA space shuttle mission artifacts. Collec- tion Dates: 1984. Size: 6 items. Restric- tions: No restrictions on access. Spen- cer Library staff may determine use restrictions dependent on the physical condition of manuscript materials.

Stephen J. Shawl papers. Collection Dates: 1930s–2009. Size: 3 linear feet (3 cubic foot boxes, 1 oversize box, 1 card file box). Restrictions: No access re- strictions. Spencer Library staff may de- termine use restrictions dependent on the physical condition of manuscript materials.

University of Miami. Richter Library. Archives Division. Main Library, 8th Floor, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA

Cesare Emiliani papers. Collection Dates:

1957–1993. Size: 4.0 objects. Restrictions: Edith Quimby at the Presbyterian Hospital at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. Date: This collection is open for research. May 5, 1955. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. www.aip.org/history Summer 2011 | History Newsletter 15 until 75 years after the date of creation. Arnold B. Arons papers. Collection Dates: NEW FINDING AIDS All other material is open for research. 1946–2001. Size: 1.84 cubic feet (3 boxes). These papers are stored remotely. Con- Restrictions: Box 2 contains a file with a Library of Congress. Manuscript Divi- tact reference staff for retrieval from off- social security number that is restricted sion. James Madison Memorial Build- site storage. as indicated on the inventory. ing, First Street and Independence Avenue, S. E., Washington, DC 20540, USA University of Texas at Austin. Cen- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”. ter for American History. Austin, TX Dipartimento di Fisica. Piazzale Aldo A. D. Bache papers. Collection Dates: 78713, USA Moro 2, 00185 Rome 1828–1863. Size: 7.2 linear feet (18 con- tainers or 2000 items). Texas Symposium on Relativistic As- Nicola Cabibbo papers. trophysics records. Collection Dates: William W. Coblentz papers. Collection 1980s–2000. Size: 1.0 foot, 8 inches. Re- Dates: 1884–1960. Size: 3 linear feet (10 strictions: Portions of the collection are Virginia Commonwealth University. containers or 350 items). restricted due to privacy issues. These Tompkins-McCaw Library. Special records are stored remotely. Advance Collections and Archives. Richmond, George and Barbara Gamow papers. Col- notice required for retrieval. Contact re- Virginia 23298-0582, USA lection Dates: 1915–1975 (bulk 1950– pository for retrieval. 1975). Size: 12.8 linear feet (30 containers William T. Ham, Jr. papers. Collection plus 1 oversize or 8,000 items). Dates: 1933–1996. Size: 7 linear feet. Re- University of Texas at Austin. Cen- strictions: Collection is open. Frederic Eugene Ives and Herbert Eugene ter for American History. University Ives papers. Collection Dates: 1869–1957. Archives. Faculty Papers Collection. Size: 5000 items (17 containers). Austin, TX 78713, USA Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu- tion. Archives. McLean lab, MS 8, 360 David S. Evans papers. Collection Dates: Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA Stanford University. Department of 1391–2004. Size: 6 feet, 8 inches. Restric- 02543, USA Special Collections and University Ar- tions: Restricted access. Use of transpar- chives. Stanford, CA 94305, USA ent media restricted. Artifact requires Lee C. Bennett, Jr. papers. Collection appointment with artifacts curator. Dates: 1961–1966. Size: 0.5 linear feet (1 Cyril Frank Elwell papers. Collection These papers are stored remotely. Ad- box). Restrictions: Materials are avail- Dates: 1930–1961. Size: 2 linear feet. Re- vance notice required for retrieval. Con- able for research. strictions: Information on literary right tact repository for further information. available in the library. Andrew F. Bunker papers. Collection Dates: 1953–1979. Size: 4 linear feet (8 Douglas C. Engelbart papers. Collection University of Washington Libraries. boxes). Restrictions: Materials are avail- Dates: 1953–1986 (bulk 1953–1968). Size: University Archives. Mailstop #0-10. able for research. 464 linear feet. Restrictions: Partially re- Seattle, WA 98195, USA stricted: for more information, contact John I. Ewing papers. Collection Dates: the archivist. 1955–1989. Size: 1 linear foot (1 box). Visit our collection of Restrictions: Materials are available for Scientists and science collection. Collec- over 500 oral history research. tion Dates: 1870–1948. Size: 1.5 linear feet. transcripts (some with voice clips!) online Earl E. Hays papers. Collection Dates: Tjeerd H. Van Andel papers. Collection 1970–1983. Size: 1.25 linear feet (3 box- Dates: 1950–2006. Size: 21.5 linear feet. http://www.aip.org/history/ es). Restrictions: Most materials in the ohilist/transcripts.html collection are available for research; some materials may only be viewed by Tufts University. Tisch Library. Archives the Office of Origin or with permission and Special Collections. Medford, MA of the Archivist. 02155, USA Truth comes out of error more “ readily than out of confusion. James Ransom Heirtzler papers. Collec- Office of the President records. Collection tion Dates: 1951–1972. Size: 5 linear feet Dates: 1828–2006. Restrictions: Some re- Francis Bacon Novum Organum, 1620” (4 boxes). Restrictions: Materials are cords may be restricted. Please contact available for research. the repository for details.

16 History Newsletter | Summer 2011 www.aip.org/history University of California, Berkeley. The Ernest O. Lawrence papers. Collection Oral history interview with William E. Siri. Bancroft Library. Berkeley, CA, 94720- Dates: circa 1920–1968. Size: Originals: Collection Dates: c1979. Size: Transcript: 6000, USA 48 cartons, 12 oversize folders. Copies: 296 pages. Audio recording: 16 cassettes. 79 microfilm reels: positive and negative. Oral history interview with James L. Born. Restrictions: Restricted originals. Use Frederick Slate papers. Collection Dates: Collection Dates: 1979. Size: 91 pages, 29 mircrofulm copy only with call number 1862–1937. Size: 1 box, 1 oversize folder, centimeters. BANC FILM 2248. Use of originals only and 1 oversize volume. by permission of the appropriate cura- Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich papers. Col- tor. Inquiries concerning these materi- Otto Struve papers. Collection Dates: lection Dates: 1711–1787. Size: 6.5 linear als should be directed, in writing, to the 1837–1966 (bulk 1953–1956). Size: 5 linear feet (5 cartons, 2 volumes, 1 oversize Head of Public Services, The Bancroft feet (4 cartons). folder). Library. Orifinals stored in part off-site. Advance notice required for use. Oral history interview with Robert M. Un- Oral history interview with Owen Cham- derhill. Collection Dates: 1966–1967. Size: berlain. Collection Dates: 1976. Size: Tran- Victor Lenzen papers. Collection Dates: Transcript: 421 leaves. Restrictions: Re- script: 1 volume, 234 pages. circa 1904–1975. Size: 5 cartons, 7 boxes stricted; contact repository for additional and 1 oversize folder. Restrictions: Col- information. Exploratorium records. Collection Dates: lection stored in part off-site. Advance 1957–2001. Size: 110 linear feet (87 car- notice required for use. John Verhoogen papers. Collection tons, 2 boxes, 1 oversize box, 11 oversize Dates: 1935–1985. Size: 8.75 linear feet folders, 4 tubes). Restrictions: Collec- Charles Vincent Litton papers. Collection (7 cartons). Restrictions: COLLECTION tion is stored off-site: Advance notice Dates: 1912–1972. Size: 13 boxes, 6 car- STORED OFF-SITE. Advance notice re- required for use. Cartons 5, 10, 12 : un- tons, 7 oversize folders. Restrictions: Col- quired for use. arranged, unavailable for use. Inquiries lection stored in part off-site. Advance concerning these materials should be notice required for use. directed, in writing, to the Head of the University of Chicago. The Joseph Re- Manuscripts Division. Oral history interview with William G. My- genstein Library. Department of Spe- ers. Collection Dates: 1982. Size: 43 leaves. cial Collections. 1100 East 57th Street, Emil Fischer papers. Collection Dates: Chicago, IL 60637, USA 1876–1919. Size: 39 boxes, 12 cartons, 7 Oral history interview with Kenneth Gordon oversize folders, 15 oversize volumes. Se- Scott. Collection Dates: 1979. Size: Tran- Astrophysical Journal Records. Collection lected items : 11 microfilm reels. Restric- script: 72 leaves. Copy: 1 microfilm reel. Dates: 1894-1951. Size: 20 boxes. tions: Collection stored in part off-site. (Continued on next page) Advance notice required for use. Boxes 1-6 : Restricted originals; use microfilm copy only. Use of originals only by per- mission of the Head of the Manuscripts Division.

Oral history interview with John W. Gof- man. Collection Dates: 1980 24 July to 8 August. Size: 3 sessions. Transcript, 260 pages.

Oral history interview with Alexander Grendon. Collection Dates: 1979. Size: 90 leaves.

Oral history interview with August Carl Helmholz. Collection Dates: 1975, 1989– 1990. Size: Transcript: 1 volume (x, 387 pages): port. ; 29 cm. Phonotapes: 26 cas- sette tapes.

George C. Jaffé papers. Collection Dates: Rose Mooney-Slater (1902–1981) did research on the structure of crystals and crystalline materials 1902–1962. Size: 1 linear foot (2 boxes). using X-ray . Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. www.aip.org/history Summer 2011 | History Newsletter 17 Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists records. William N. Espy papers. Collection Dates: minutebooks. Collection Dates: 1878– Collection Dates: 1945–1984, (bulk 1945– 1912–1964. Size: 4.0 cubic feet. 1913. Size: 0.4 cubic feet. 1952). Size: 18.5 linear feet. B. L. Hicks papers. Collection Dates: 1935– University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Thomas C. Chamberlin papers. Collection 1977. Size: 1.3 cubic feet. Dean of Liberal Arts’ Office College of Sci- Dates: 1880–1928. Size: 9.5 linear feet and ence annual reports. Collection Dates: 21 volumes. B. Smith Hopkins papers. Collection 1891–1910. Size: 0.1 cubic feet. Dates: 1917–1963. Size: 0.6 cubic feet. - Charlotte Kellogg corre- Department of Geology subject file. Col- spondence and Curie memorabilia, in the William A. Noyes papers. Collection lection Dates: 1917–1979. Size: 7.6 cubic Joseph Halle Schaffner collection. Collec- Dates: 1870–1942. Size: 9 cubic feet. feet. tion Dates: 1921–1929, Size: 18 items. K. Dewitt Pulcipher papers. Collection Frontiers in Condensed Matter Physics Louis A. Slotin Memorial Fund correspon- Dates: 1914–1944. Size: 0.7 cubic feet. [sound recording]. Collection Dates: 1976. dence. Collection Dates: 1946–1962. Size: Size: 0.4 cubic feet. 300 items. Otto Stuhlman student scrapbooks and pa- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign pers. Collection Dates: 1907–1921. Size: Department of Secondary Education pro- 0.1 cubic feet. University of Denver. Penrose Library. gram announcements. Collection Dates: 1968–1992. Size: 0.1 cubic feet. 2150 East Evans Avenue, Denver, CO Illinois Gifted Children Program records. 80208, USA Collection Dates: 1963–1969. Size: 1.6 cu- Leonard H. Whitney notebooks. Collection bic feet. Herbert A. Howe papers. Collection Dates: 1912–1917. Size: 0.6 linear feet. Dates: 1875–1925. Size: 9 linear feet. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Charles Zeleny papers. Collection Dates: Dean of Liberal Arts and Sciences Office 1890–1944. Size: 9.3 cubic feet. ■ Milton M. Schayer correspondence. Col- College of Science letterbooks. Collection lection Dates: 1927. Size: .25 linear feet. Dates: 1895–1913. Size: 1.6 cubic feet. Search 30,000+ images online at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign the Emilio Segrè Visual Archives University of Houston. Libraries. Spe- Dean of Liberal Arts and Sciences Office, http://photos.aip.org cial Collections. Houston, TX 77204, Science and Literature and Arts College USA New Grant for Oral History Interviews Paul Purser papers, 1940–1975. Size: 5 lin- ear feet. As of June 1, 2011, the Niels Bohr allowed NBL&A to place 525 transcripts Library & Archives (NBL&A) has begun online which are browseable by the work on a new grant funded project interview subject’s name. This new University of Illinois at Urbana-Cham- involving our collection of over grant will add not only more transcripts paign. University Archives. 1408 West 1500 oral histories with renowned to our online collection, but will allow Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA physicists. This new grant, provided researchers to search them in a variety by the National Endowment for the of new ways. papers. Collection Dates: Humanities (NEH), will allow us to 1900–1971. Size: 24.0 cubic feet. continue our work in placing our oral These grants have made it possible history interview transcripts online. for these interviews to become more Robert D. Carmichael papers. Collection Over the next two years we will place accessible and widely used. Before we Dates: 1905–1964. Size: 18.6 cubic feet. an additional 500 transcripts online, began placing our interviews online, make all the transcripts full-text and we received on average 185 requests Arthur B. Chilton papers. Collection cross searchable, select and transcribe a year from scholars, but in 2010 the Dates: 1952–1984. Size: 1 linear foot. 50 interviews that have yet to be oral history web pages received over transcribed, and add a selection of 37,000 visits. This allows our interviews George L. Clark papers. Collection Dates: interesting audio clips from some of to reach a whole new audience of 1914–1986. Size: 3.6 cubic feet. the transcripts. students, teachers, journalists, and the general public, who get to discover the Jasper O. Draffin papers. Collection Dates: The previous NEH funded grant, which history of the physical sciences from 1930–1957. Size: 4.6 cubic feet. was completed in December 2009, the people who were there. ■

18 History Newsletter | Summer 2011 www.aip.org/history

Center for History of Physics Non-Profit Org. American Institute of Physics U.S. POSTAGE One Physics Ellipse PAID College Park, MD 20740-3843 College Park, MD Permit No. 2321

History Newsletter A publication of the American Institute of Physics

STAFF MEMBERS This Newsletter is a biannual publication of the Center Gregory A. Good, Director, Center for History of Physics for History of Physics, American Institute of Physics, One R. Joseph Anderson, Director, Niels Bohr Library & Archives Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740; phone: 301-209- Stephanie Jankowski, Senior Administrative Secretary 3165; fax: 301-209-0882; e-mail: [email protected] or nbl@aip. Orville R. Butler, Associate Historian org. Editor: Gregory A. Good. The Newsletter reports activities of the Center for History of Physics and Niels Ada Uzoma, Web Specialist Bohr Library & Archives, and other information on work Alex Wellerstein, Post-Doctoral Fellow in the history of physics and allied fields. Kim Hukill, Assistant Librarian Chip Calhoun, Technical Services Archivist Any opinions expressed herein do not necessarily rep- Melanie Brown, Archivist resent the views of the American Institute of Physics or Amanda Nelson, Assistant Archivist its Member Societies. This Newsletter is available on Scott Prouty, Photo Librarian request without charge, but we welcome donations (tax- Barbara Allen, Senior Library Preservation Assistant deductible) to the Friends of the AIP Center for History Nancy Honeyford, Senior Library Assistant of Physics (www.aip.org/history/historymatters). The Mary Romanelli, Senior Photo Archives Assistant Newsletter is posted on the Web at http://www.aip.org/ Beth Emmerling, Digital Archives Assistant history/newsletter.

Center for History of Physics One Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 301 209 3165 www.aip.org/history