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Iii. Occitan Studies Language Postponed Romance Languages III. OCCITAN STUDIES LANGUAGE POSTPONED LITERATURE By MrcHAELj. RouTLEDGE, Senior Lecturer in French, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University ofLondon I. MEDIEVAL PERIOD D. K. Frank, Naturalism and the Troubadour Ethic (AUS, XIX, ro), I66 pp., examines the ideology of the troubadours and Andreas Capellanus in the light of 12th-c. Naturalism, defined as an interest in the world and its natural processes but precluding metaphysical and religious standards of reference. F. confines his attention to A. de Peguilhan, B. de Ventadorn, Cercamon, G. de Bornelh and P. Vidal and does not seriously question the premise that there is something called courtly love to be explained in terms of other ideologies. More promising is Laura Kendrick, The Game of Love. Troubadour Wordplay, Berkeley, California U.P., xiv + 237 pp. K. accepts the view of troubadour poetry as a continuous dialogue but argues convincingly that it is also a verbal contest, sometimes explicit (tensos and partimens) but more often implicit. S. Spence considers 'Temporal perspective in Augustine and the troubadours'' Tenso, 3, I g87: s8-6s, with reference to B. de Ventadorn, Lo tems vai even e vire, and examines the Latin heritage of the troubadours more fully in *Rhetorics of Reason and Desire: Vergil, Augustine, and the Troubadours, Cornell U.P., xvii + I 59 pp. D. Rieger, 'La poesie des troubadours et des trouveres comme chanson litteraire du moyen age', Rieger, Chanson, pp. I-I3, is an account of the conscious artistry of the medieval lyric and includes discussion of contrafacture. Ria Lemaire, Passions et positions. Contribution aune semiotique du sujet dans la poesie lyrique mfdievale en langues romanes, Amsterdam, Rodopi, 35I pp., a feminist deconstruction of Old French and Gallego-Portuguese songs, makes occasional reference to Occitan material. B. R. Suchla 'Christian Wilhelm von Schutz (I776--I847). Zu den Anfangen der Trobadorforschung in Deutsch­ land', ZRP, I04: 326--35, argues that von Schutz was the first German scholar to take an interest in the troubadours. Much attention has again been given to the trobairitz: D. Earnshaw, *The Female Voice in Medieval Romance Lyric (AUS, n, 68), I8opp.; I. Kasten, 'Weibliches Occitan Studies Rollenverstandnis in den Frauenliedern Reinmars und der Comtessa de Dia', GRM, 37: I3I-46; and U. Peters, 'Frauenliteratur im Mittelalter? Uberlegungen zur Trobairitzpoesie, zur Frauenmystik und zur feministischen Literaturbetrachtung', GRM, 38: 35-56. Marcelle Thiebaux, The Writings ofMedieval Women (GLML, BI4), xix + 250 pp., includes songs by B. de Dia (P. C. 46, I' 2, 3 & 5), Iseut de Capio and N'Almucs (P. C. 253, I/2o, 2), CarenzaandAlaisina (P. C. 108, I/12, I) and the anonymous Coindeta sui ... (P. C. 46I, 69). Mario Mancini has re-edited and provided a new preface and bibliography for Erich Kohler, Sociologia della.fin'amor. Saggi trobadorici, Padua, Liviana, I987, lx + 304 pp. C. di Girolamo,' "Cor" e "cors": itinerari meridionali', Bruni, Capitoli, pp. 2 I-48, emphasizes the importance of these elements oflyric vocabulary of troubadours from B. de Ventadorn to Sordel. A. Serper studies a common topos in 'The troubador's vassalage. An axiology of courtly love', Varry Vol., pp. 143-48. D. Rieger, 'Le motif du viol dans la litterature de la France medievale entre norme courtoise et realite courtoise', CCMe, 3 I :241-67, includes reference tojaufre. E. Schulze-Busacker, 'French conceptions of foreigners and foreign languages in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries', RPh, 41, 1987:24-47, looks for evidence of attitudes to foreigners and their linguistic behaviour in Occitan lyric, epic and romance. The additional interest of the article is that attitudes to foreigners inevitably express national consciousness. E. Siberry, 'Troubadors, trouveres, minnesingers and the crusades', SM, 29: 20-43, is an extensive survey, particularly welcome in that it is not limited to a narrow generic definition but treats the crusades as both a theme and an allegorical resource. H. R. Jauss et al., Grundriss der romanischen Literaturen des Mittelalters, vol. n, Les Genres lyriques, t. I, fasc. 3, I987, I76pp., is a further instalment in this important series. William D. Paden, Jr, The Medieval Pastourelle (GLML, 34-35A), 1987, 2 vols, 323 + 693pp., includes 25 Occitan pieces. Id., 'Reading pastourelles', Tenso, 4: I-13, explains his definition of the genre. Troubadours are represented in Michel-Andre Bossy, Medieval Debate Poetry. Vernacular Works (GLML., 52A), 1987, xxxi + 191 pp., by texts and translations ofP. C. 242,3 & 22 (G. de Bornelh), 167,47 (G. Faiditwith Perdigon), and 10, 6 (A. de Peguilhan with A. de Sestaro). E. W. Poe, 'La transmission de l'alba en ancien proven~al', CCMe, 3 I: 323-45, argues that the concentration of albas in MSS C and R suggests a common source consisting of an alba collection. R.N. B. Goddard, 'The Ladies Agnes and Arsen and William IX's "Companho, farai un vers [qu'er] convinen"', FMLS, 24:156-62, eschews the numerous 'keys' (Pollman, Camproux, et al.) and identifies Agnes and Arsen as wives of two of the poet's Limousin .
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