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The Chabrias Monument in the Athenian Agora
THE CHABRIAS MONUMENT IN THE ATHENIAN AGORA (PLATES 11-12) JN Hesperia,IX, 1940, pp. 314-320, Eugene Schweigertpublished some fragments of an inscribed statue base (Agora I 994 and related stones) with a reconstruction and a brief commentary. Since that time other fragments have been found, one of which makes the original restoration impossible, and in the course of a consequent reexamination of all the pieces some new relationships have been established which dictate a new form for the monument (P1. 12).' Schweigert's publication included eleven fragments (A-K), to which can now be added the more recent discoveries as well as several fragments known earlier but not used in the original reconstruction. To avoid undue confusion the letters first used to designate fragments have been retained wherever possible, and the alphabetical series has been continued to include the additional pieces.2 Fragment A: three joining fragments preserving the inscribed face with three lines and part of a wreath and the original smooth-pickedtop; found April 21, 1936, in a modern wall over the southern part of the Late Roman Gymnasium complex (M 14). Height, 0.205 m.; width, 0.65 m.; thickness, 0.088 m.; height of letters, ca. 0.013 m. Inv. no. I 994 f. Fragment B: four joining fragments preserving a part of two finished faces, all with bits of wreath, no letters; small fragment from forward face found May 19, 1953, in a Turkish well west of the East Stoa (O 14); central fragment from left face found August 1, 1959, in a marble pile south of the Odeion (M 14); finding places of other fragments not recorded. -
Plinio El Viejo
PLINIO EL VIEJO HISTORIA NATURAL LIBROS III-VI Traducción: AA. VV. Las traducciones y notas han sido llevadas a cabo por Antonio Fontán (Libro III), Ignacio García Arribas (Libro IV), Encarnación del Barrio Sanz (Libro V), Mª Luisa Arribas Hernáez (Libro VI) Coordinadora: Ana Mª Morue Casas Asesores para la sección latina: José Javier Iso y José Luis Moralejo Revisión: Luis Alfonso Hernández Miguel y Francisco Manzanero Cano. Biblioteca Clásica Gredos - 250 TÍTULO original: Naturalis Historia Plinio el Viejo, 77 IR AL INDICE LIBRO III [*] Hasta aquí la situación y las maravillas de la tierra y de las aguas, así como las de los astros y el plan del universo y sus dimensiones. Ahora se han de enumerar sus partes. Aunque se piense que esto es también una empresa interminable y que no ha de tratarse a la ligera sin ser objeto de una cierta crítica, en ninguna clase de asuntos es más justa la indulgencia, salvo que se tenga por extraño que uno que ha nacido hombre no posea todos los conocimientos humanos. Por eso, no seguiré a ningún autor en particular, sino en cada sección al que considere más fiable, ya que ha sido común en casi todos explicar con mayor diligencia los lugares desde los que estaban escribiendo. No rechazaré, por tanto, ni criticaré a ninguno. Se pondrán los escuetos nombres de los lugares y con toda la brevedad que se me alcance, dejando su notoriedad y las causas de ella para las secciones correspondientes. Porque ahora mi discurso trata del universo entero. Por eso yo querría que se entienda que se enuncian los nombres como si no tuvieran fama, tal cual fueron al principio, antes de la historia, y que el resultado sea una especie de nomenclátor. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Philostratus, Perceptions of Foreign Ethnicity, and Severan Cultural Geography Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7j2862k0 Author Bingley, Christopher Stephen Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Philostratus, Perceptions of Foreign Ethnicity, and Severan Cultural Geography A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Christopher Stephen Bingley 2019 © Copyright by Christopher Stephen Bingley 2019 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Philostratus, Perceptions of Foreign Ethnicity, And Severan Cultural Geography by Christopher Stephen Bingley Doctor of Philosophy in History University of CaliforniA, Los Angeles, 2019 Professor DAvid DAniel Phillips, Chair During the first two centuries C.E., provinciAl Greek elites reActed to their new stAtus as denizens of the RomAn Empire in part with the literature they produced, often grouped under the heAding of the Second Sophistic. The tAil end of this period, in which a new dynasty of emperors ruled And underwent a crisis of legitimAcy (193-235 C.E.), wAs mArkedly different in the identity of the imperiAl family and as a result the composition of Greek literature. This distinction, however, has not been part of the scholArly approach to the study of this period’s literature, which insteAd focuses on the traits that it shares with eArlier sophistic literature. During this lAter period, the debate over what constituted proper “RomAnness” acquired renewed cultural importAnce especiAlly becAuse of the Severan imperiAl family’s outsider stAtus, SyriAn and AfricAn background, and decree of universAl citizenship in 212 C.E. -
Map 53 Bosphorus Compiled by C
Map 53 Bosphorus Compiled by C. Foss, 1995 Introduction (See Map 52) Directory All place names are in Turkey Abbreviation DionByz R. Güngerich (ed.), Dionysii Byzantii Anaplus Bospori, 1927 (reprint, Berlin, 1958) Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference Aianteion See Lettered Place Names B2 Aietou Rhynkos Pr. R Yalıköy RE Bosporos 1, col. 753 B2 Akoimeton Mon. L at Eirenaion Janin 1964, 486-87 C3 Akritas Pr. RL Tuzla burnu FOA VIII, 2 A3 Ammoi L E Bakırköy Janin 1964, 443 B2 Amykos HR Beykoz RE Bosporos 1, col. 753 B2 Anaplous?/ L/ Arnavutköy Janin 1964, 468, 477-78 Promotou? L B2 Ancyreum Pr. R Yum burnu RE Bosporos 1, col. 752 B3 [Antigoneia] Ins. Burgaz ada RE Panormos 7 B2 Aphrodysium R Çalı Burnu RE Bosporos 1, col. 751 B2 Archeion R Ortaköy RE Bosporos 1, col. 747 B2 Argyronion RL Macar tabya RE Bosporos 1, col. 752-53 Argyropolis/ See Lettered Place Names Bytharion? Auleon? Sinus See Lettered Water Names Auletes See Lettered Place Names B2 ‘Bacca’ Collis R N Kuruçesme RE Bosporos 1, col. 747 B2 Bacchiae/ C/ Koybaşı RE Bosporos 1, col. 748 Thermemeria HR A2 Barbyses fl. RL Kâgithane deresi RE Bathykolpos See Lettered Water Names B2 *Bathys fl. R Büyükdere DionByz 71; GGM II, 54 B2 Bithynia See Map 52 A2 Blachernai RL Ayvansaray RE; Janin 1964, 57-58 Bolos See Lettered Place Names B2 Boradion L above Kanlıca Janin 1964, 484 B2 Bosphorus RL Bogaziçi RE Bosporos 1; NPauly Bosporos 1 §Bosporos CHRL Bosporion = Phosphorion A2 Bosporios Pr. R Saray burnu RE Βοσπόριος ἄκρα A2 Boukolos Collis R DionByz 25; C. -
Map 51 Thracia Compiled by E.N
Map 51 Thracia Compiled by E.N. Borza, 1994 with the assistance of G. Reger Introduction Mainland: see Introduction to Map 50. Islands For Thasos in particular, the harvest of toponyms and sites is very rewarding, and grows every year with the work of the Franco-Hellenic archaeological teams that continue to scour the island. The map marks only a selection of the sites that could have been shown here, and possibly a rather arbitrary one at that. As on other islands rich in towers, only a selection is marked (again, perforce somewhat arbitrarily); all are shown as forts without prejudice to their actual function (see Bon 1930; and above all Osborne 1986), except for two of the three structures identified as lighthouses by Kozelj (1989). Omitted are the potteries that seem to be coming to light with bewildering frequency (Garlan 1996). For a variety of reasons, Imbros remains underexplored. Directory All place names are in Greece unless otherwise noted Abbreviations IGBulg G. Mihailov (ed.), Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria Repertae, 4 vols., Sofia, 1956-70 TIB Thrakien P. Soustal, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 6, Thrakien, DenkWien 221, Vienna, 1991 TIR Naissus Tabula Imperii Romani K 34, Naissus, Dyrrhachion–Scupi–Serdica–Thessalonike, Ljubljana, 1976 TIR Philippi Tabula Imperii Romani K 35, I, Philippi, Athens, 1993 Names Grid Name Period Modern Name/ Location References H4 Abarnis CH Çardak? TKY RE Abarnias; NPauly Abarnias §Abarnias § Abarnos D3 Abdera ACHR Avdira Isaac 1986, 73-108; TIR Philippi 17 B1 Ablanica Rodopi HRL BUL IGBulg 4.2335-37; TIB Thrakien 159 G4 Abydos ACHRL Maltepe TKY PECS; Hakkert, Lex. -
The Coinage and History of Achaiion in the Troad Aneurin Ellis-Evans
The Coinage and History of Achaiion in the Troad Aneurin Ellis-Evans To cite this version: Aneurin Ellis-Evans. The Coinage and History of Achaiion in the Troad. Revue des études anciennes, Revue des études anciennes, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 2017, 119 (1), p 25-47. hal-01947967 HAL Id: hal-01947967 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01947967 Submitted on 23 Sep 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Copyright THE COINAGE AND HISTORY OF ACHAIION IN THE TROAD* Aneurin ELLIS-EVANS** Résumé. – La provenance de deux exemplaires de monnaie de bronze de Troade avec le monogramme AX (fin IVe-début IIIe s. a.C.) a été habituellement attribuée à Achilleion. Cependant, les fouilles menées sur le site d’Achilleion n’ont jamais révélé autre chose qu’un fort. Ces pièces devraient donc être attribuées à Achaion, connu par Strabon comme la cité principale à proximité de la pérée de Ténédos. Outre ces exemplaires, Achaion a aussi frappé un monnayage de bronze au IIe siècle a.C. Ces deux périodes de frappe correspondent probablement à deux moments d’indépendance d’Achaion par rapport à Ténédos, interrogeant du même coup l’importance de la pérée dans l’économie ténédienne et celle du monnayage de bronze dans la reconstruction de l’histoire politique de la Troade hellénistique. -
Yakışıklı Bir Devrimcinin Ardından
Kasım 2016 Sayı: 01 SARIYER BELEDİYESİ KENT KÜLTÜRÜ VE YAŞAM DERGİSİ Yakışıklı bir devrimcinin ardından HALIL GENÇ VECDI ÇIRACIOĞLU NECATI GÜNGÖR SALIH BOLAT OKTAY TAFTALI BARIŞ PEHLIVAN MESUT KARA ZEYNEP ŞEN ZÜLFÜ LIVANELI BOB DYLAN AHMET ÜMIT ORHAN ALKAYA CEREN CANDEMIR editör Yeniden merhaba MÜSAİTSENİZ evlerinize yeni bir konuk gelecek; Yeşil Martı dergisi yabancınız değil, semtinizden. Mimari, çevresel, hele de tabiat ve kültürel değerleriyle yaşayan Sarıyer’in kentsel köylerini, çevresel kültürlerini ve yerelden kente; kültürü-sanatı söyleşmek üzere ilk sayımızla kapınızı çalıyoruz. Merhaba! “İnsan önce çevresinden ölür” demiş büyük şair Behçet Necatigil. Öyle ya, yaşadığımız semtler üzerine düşünmekte geç kalırsak uygarlığın kaynağı kentlerimizi nasıl koruyacağız? Kültürümüzü, nezaketimizi nasıl koruyacağız? Bunlar Tarık Akan ve Rutkay Aziz ile birlikte ’ın tekneyle Karadeniz’e açıldığı Tarabya’dan... (2015) olmadan nasıl mutlu olacağız?.. Yeşil Martı sadece sorular yöneltmek amacıyla çıkmıyor; şiarımız yaşayan semt kavramı! Semtlerin karakteristik özelliklerini Sevgili Sarıyerliler, hatırlamak... Çıkış noktamız, Boğazın karakteristik semti Sarıyer ve çevresi... SARIYER’imizin en önemli özelliklerinden biri , hem önemli bir bölümünün ormanlık ve yeşil alanla İstanbul’un o yeşil-mavi kucağı... kaplı olması, hem de Boğaziçi’nin ve Karadeniz’in mavilikleri ile çevrili olmasıdır. Balık, yosun ve Kentler üzerine düşünmekte geç kalmadık, iyot kokan kıyılarımızın en önemli sembolleri arasında yeralan Martı da, ilçemizin simgesidir. bütün değerleriyle İstanbul’u yakalamak ve onu dönüştürmek için de. Yeşil Martı, İstanbul için sağlıklı kent düşüncesi Bu ilçeye hizmet verirken kendimiz için belirlediğimiz en önemli hedeflerden biri hiç kuşkusuz, kavramlarını anımsatıyor: Kentsel bozulmanın insan yaşamını temel alan ve insanın en temel ihtiyaçlarını tam anlamıyla sağlamaya yönelik belirtileri olan “rantiyeci”, “kuşatıcı” politikalardır. Kültür ve sanat da, bu ihtiyaçların en önde gelenleri arasındadır. -
Anabases, 24 | 2016 [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 10 Novembre 2019, Consulté Le 02 Novembre 2020
Anabases Traditions et réceptions de l’Antiquité 24 | 2016 Varia Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/anabases/5725 DOI : 10.4000/anabases.5725 ISSN : 2256-9421 Éditeur E.R.A.S.M.E. Édition imprimée Date de publication : 10 novembre 2016 ISSN : 1774-4296 Référence électronique Anabases, 24 | 2016 [En ligne], mis en ligne le 10 novembre 2019, consulté le 02 novembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/anabases/5725 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/anabases.5725 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 2 novembre 2020. © Anabases 1 SOMMAIRE Historiographie et identités culturelles "Autour des sarcophages des époux". Journée d'étude du 5 décembre 2014, TRAME, EA 4284. Université de Picardie Jules Verne (Amiens) et Institut universitaire de France « Les sarcophages des Époux » : la femme, le banquet et la mort chez les Étrusques Marie-Laurence Haack Le sarcophage des Époux du musée Campana de Cerveteri à Paris : Histoire d’une découverte dissimulée Gianpaolo Nadalini Il Sarcofago degli Sposi : dalla scoperta alla realtà virtuale Rita Cosentino L’immagine della coppia nella pittura tombale arcaica dell’Etruria Petra Amann La femme étrusque et son époux à travers l’épigraphie Lavinia Magnani Les couples étrusques au banquet : pratiques rituelles et alimentaires Laurent Hugot Tanaquil et les chemises noires et brunes Marie-Laurence Haack Sarcophages et klinai. À propos de la représentation du couple dans l’art grec Alain Pasquier Le langage des époux grecs : lecture de quelques inscriptions Michela Costanzi Conclusion Marie-Laurence Haack Traditions du patrimoine antique Les statues des bains de Zeuxippe à Constantinople : collection et patrimoine dans l’Antiquité tardive Vincent Puech Le Cardinal Capella de Henry de Montherlant. -
Les Statues Des Bains De Zeuxippe À Constantinople : Collection Et Patrimoine Dans L’Antiquité Tardive Vincent Puech
Les statues des bains de Zeuxippe à Constantinople : collection et patrimoine dans l’Antiquité tardive Vincent Puech To cite this version: Vincent Puech. Les statues des bains de Zeuxippe à Constantinople : collection et patrimoine dans l’Antiquité tardive. Anabases - Traditions et réceptions de l’Antiquité, E.R.A.S.M.E., 2016, 24, p. 145-184. hal-02567253 HAL Id: hal-02567253 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02567253 Submitted on 7 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ANABASES Traditions et Réceptions de l’Antiquité N o 24 2016 E.R.A.S.M.E. Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès Sommaire N° 24 - 2016 Historiographie et identités culturelles « Autour des sarcophages des époux » Journée d’étude du 5 décembre 2014,TRAME, EA 4284 Université de Picardie Jules Verne (Amiens) et Institut universitaire de France Marie-Laurence Haack Introduction « Les sarcophages des Époux » : la femme, le banquet et la mort chez les Étrusques 11 Gianpaolo Nadalini Le sarcophage des Époux du musée Campana de Cerveteri à Paris : histoire d’une découverte -
Byzantion Ve Çevres Nde Yer Alan Kutsal Alanlar
BYZANTION VE EVRESNDE YER ALAN KUTSAL ALANLAR Yard. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Fat h YAVUZ 1 Abstract Commanding the Bosporos, Byzantion was located in one of the most strategic locations in the ancient Mediterranean world. We do not know exactly where its territories extended in the west. But in the north, Byzantine khora extended as far as the Pontic mouth of the Bosporos. Furthermore the Byzantines at times clashed with the Bithynians and halkedonians to control the Asian side of the Bosporos. The Byzantines thus built several sanctuaries along the shores of the Bosporos to declare their sovereignty visually to all. Also, Byzantion and the waters around it were quite rich fish grounds (esp. Bosporos and eras), and strategic maritime highways (Propontis, Bosporos) and harbors ( eras). Fishermen and sailors must have built sanctuaries to offer sacrifices to deities in order to ward off dangers and offer thanks. In this study we focus on the sanctuaries around Byzantion. %zet Byzantion antik)a*+n en strate,ik noktalar+ndan birinde, Bosporos-a h.kim bir noktada yer almaktayd+. entin topraklar+n+n bat+da tam olarak nereye kadar uzand+*+ bilinmese de, kuzeyde, Bo*az-+n aradeniz-in a*z+na kadar uzanmaktayd+. Ayn+ zamanda Byzantion, Bo*az-+n Asya yakas+ i)in hem Bithynial+lar hem de halkedonlularla m/cadele etmi0lerdir. 1olay+s+yla 1 3anakkale Onsekiz Mart 5niversitesi Tarih B6l/m/ 7 3anakkale. mehmetusc8yahoo.com Byzantionlular, h.kimiyet alanlar+n+ ve s+n+rlar+n+ g6rsel olarak belirlemek i)in 6zellikle de Bo*az k+y+lar+nda bir)ok kutsal alan in0a etmi0lerdir. -
Annual Report 2016 ANNUAL W R Ww.Eydap.G REPORT
Annual Report 2016 Annual Report ANNUAL w r ww.eydap.g REPORT 2016 Application EydApp ANNUAL REPORT 1 CONTENTS 1. COMPANY’S PRESENTATION 10 1.1 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 12 1.2 PRESENTATION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 13 1.3 COMPANY’S EXECUTIVES PROFILE 16 1.4 BACKGROUND- INCORPORATION 18 1.5 OBJECTS 18 1.6 OPERATIONS 19 1.7 AREA OF SERVICE 20 1.8 EASTERN ATTICA WASTEWATER WORKS 22 1.9 PRICING POLICY 22 1.10 EYDAP NISON 24 2 KEY FINANCIAL 26 2.1 KEY Financials (Group) 29 2.2 CONSUMPTION Evolution & Breakdown 32 2.3 SHARE Information 35 3. ANNUAL REPORT 38 3.1 STATEMENTS OF MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF directors 41 3.2 Annual Report 42 3.3 Annual FINANCIAL statements 84 GENERAL INFORMATION FOR THE COMPANY 85 STATEMENT OF INCOME FOR THE FINANCIAL YEARS ENDED ON 31ST DECEMBER 2016 & 2015 86 STATEMENT OF TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR FINANCIAL YEARS ENDED ON 31st DECEMBER 2016 & 2015 86 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION OF 31st DECEMBER 2016 & 31st DECEMBER 2015 87 STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 1st JANUARY – 31st DECEMBER 2016 & 2015 88 CASH FLOW STATEMENTS OF 1ST JANUARY - 31st DECEMBER 2016 & 2015 89 NOTES ON THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF 31st DECEMBER 2016 90 1. ESTABLISHMENT, OPERATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE COMPANY 90 2. NEW STANDARDS, INTERPRETATIONS AND AMENDMENT OF EXISTING STANDARDS 91 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING policies 94 4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING TREATMENTS AND IMPORTANT SOURCES OF ESTIMATION OF UNCERTAINTities 101 5. REVENUES 102 6. ALLOCATION OF EXPENSES INTO THE OPERATIONS AND OTHER EXPENSES 103 7. -
Mim39 Forma1
ED‹TÖRDEN Geleceğin İstanbul’unu Düşünürken... Mart 2011 • Y›l: 11 • Say›: 39 Yay›n Türü: Yerel, süreli Bu yln ilk saysnda da İstanbul’un temel sorunlarn gündeme taşyarak meslektaşlarmzla paylaşabilme çabalarmz sürdürüyoruz. Özverili Yay›nlayan çalşmalarla uzmanlar, bilim insanlar olumlu gelişmeleri planlamay TMMOB Mimarlar Odas› ‹stanbul Büyükkent fiubesi hedeflerken, diğer taraftan da uygulama alanndaki tartşmal projeler bütün Sahibi hzyla sürüyor. “Farkl” ya da “yeni” bir İstanbul yaratma özlemi, yeni imar TMMOB Mimarlar Odas› ‹stanbul Büyükkent fiubesi ad›na planlarndan, koruma-arkeolojik sit alanlarna kadar geniş bir yelpazeye Deniz ‹nceday› yaylarak kentin kamu arazilerini, yeşil alanlarn, doğal kaynaklarn Genel Yay›n Yönetmeni yaplaşmaya açmaya hazrlanyor. Güncel örneklerden söz etmek gerekirse, uzun Deniz ‹nceday› süredir çeşitli platformlarda tartşlmakta olan TOKİ uygulamalar, planlanan Yay›n Koordinatörü tüp geçiş projesinin Tarihî Yarmada üzerindeki etkisi, Haliç Metro Geçişi Fatma Öcal Köprüsünün Süleymaniye Camii ve tarihî siluet ilişkisi, Sulukule’de tarihî sit ve kültür değerlerinde yitirilenler, Yenikap arkeolojik alanndaki arkeolojik Yaz› ‹flleri Sorumlusu Metin Karada¤ duyarszlk veya Boğaziçi 3. köprüsünün kentin yaşam alanlarnda yaratacağ tehditler hemen sralanabilir. Yay›n Kurulu Zafer Akay, Ayflen Ciravo¤lu, T. Gül Köksal, Kubilay Önal, TOKİ’nin konut sorununu salt barnma ihtiyacna bir yant olarak yorumlamas, Ahmet Tercan, H. Bülend Tuna, Mücella Yap›c› programn sosyal, kültürel ayaklarnn eksikliğini gündeme getirmiştir. Mart Dan›flma Kurulu aynn başnda İstanbul’da gerçekleştirilen Konut Kurultay’nda yerli ve yabanc Zeynep Ahunbay, Nur Ak›n, Ülkü Alt›noluk, Bilge Ar›kan, uzmanlarn da üzerinde durduklar gibi, konut sorunu sadece barnma Ersin Ar›soy, Harun Bat›rbaygil, Afife Batur, Cengiz Bektafl, gereksinimi çerçevesinde değerlendirilemeyecek bir sorundur.