UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Translator, Traitor Or
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Translator, Traitor or Teacher: A Neophyte-Focused Communication Pedagogy DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Comparative Literature by Ali Massoud Meghdadi Dissertation Committee: Professor Nasrin Rahimieh, Chair Professor Steven Mailloux Professor Jack Miles Professor Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o 2014 © 2014 Ali Massoud Meghdadi DEDICATION To My Family and Friends Without you, I’d probably have still done this… With whom though would I have celebrated? ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v CURRICULUM VITAE vii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION xii INTRODUCTION: TRANSLATOR, TRAITOR OR TEACHER 1 Translating Self to Text 3 Traitor or Teacher 5 Cosmopolitanism of the New 7 Translational Ethics 9 Women without Men models the Neophyte 11 TRANSLATION AND TRANSLITERATION 15 CHAPTER 1: ZANAN BEDUN-E MARDAN, INTIMATELY READ 16 Merger of the Classics and Modernism in Parsipur 16 Opening Zanan Bedun-e Mardan by Reading it Close 19 Politics and Metaphor 69 CHAPTER 2: WOMEN WITHOUT MEN, PUBLICALLY TRANSLATED 75 Originary Interpretations 76 Misinterpreted Traditions 79 Translator’s Fidelity to Audience vs. Fidelity to Author 82 Domesticating the Foreign 85 One Novella – Two Translations 88 Filming Words 102 Translation: A Bother Worth Bothering With(!/?) 113 CHAPTER 3: TRANSLATIONAL ASYMPTOSIS: A HERMENEUTIC INQUIRY 116 Foundational Thoughts 117 Translators Feel Deeply 123 The First Translation 129 A Brief Inquiry into Translation Publication, Or, why a Second Translation 137 The Second Translation 144 Book [</>/=] Movie? 154 The Hermeneutics of Translation 167 Translation Choices, Concessions, and Creativity 170 Turning toward the Neophyte 178 CHAPTER 4: A PEDAGOGY OF TRANSLATION: DAWN OF THE NEOPHYTE 182 Communication as Metonymic Translation 183 Translating for the People by the People – A Social Movement 190 iii The Myth of the Perfect Translation 199 From the Mouths of Babes … Gibberish to Genius? 202 Quality in Quantities 205 Found in Translation 208 BIBLIOGRAPHY 210 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project culminates nearly a decade of being nurtured and guided by a community of scholars, friends, and mentors. I have always wanted to create meaningful work. When it came to my scholarship, I wanted it to speak to the world unfolding around me so as to make it somehow better. What I have come to understand as better requires conversations, which need participants. My betterment occurred as a result of amazing conversations with fantastic people. After a serendipitous introduction to Lane Bove one night at a restaurant, she invited me to consider a life of the mind at Loyola Marymount University, where I was then molded by the tender, yet commanding hands of Theresia De Vroom, Paul Harris, K.J. Peters, and Daniel Smith-Christopher. Studying with Guy Bennett, Dennis Phillips, and Paul Vangelisti at Otis College of Art and Design opened my eyes to a world of poetry and ideas I had never encountered before and it was also there that I began to deeply immerse myself in the theories of translation that evolved into this dissertation. When I decided to pursue my doctorate, I applied broadly, and tried to visit most of the campuses I had applied to. However, upon meeting Nasrin Rahimieh there was no doubt in my mind that the University of California, Irvine (UCI) would be the best place for me. My dissertation committee all share a unique balance of deep scholarly investment and sincere passion for their students’ development. More blessed than lucky, working with these people made even the most challenging parts of the process exciting. Thank you for everything Jack Miles, Steven Mailloux, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, and of course Nasrin. My years at UCI allowed me the opportunity to learn from so many other people critical to the cultivation of this work: Jonathan Alexander, Eyal Amiran, Touraj Daryaee, Daniel Gross, Lynda Haas, Susan Jarratt, Adriana Johnson, Jane Newman, Chris O’Neal, Rei Terada, Gabi Schwab, and John Smith. And there could have been no way that I could have made it through my time there with out the support and guidance of Bindya Baliga and Barbara Caldwell. This work would not have been possible without the tremendous institutional support I received during my time in the #Department of Comparative Literature in the School of Humanities at UCI. I am grateful for the Schaeffer and Pedagogical Fellowships, and myriad generous awards and travel grants from the Departments of English and Comparative Literature, as well as the Persian Studies Center and the Humanities Collective that allowed me to #develop and complete this project. Of course, this project is founded upon the inspired work of Shahrnush Parsipur and all of the brilliant people who interpreted her and helped to circulate Women without Men around the world and into my hands. Shoja Azari, Faridoun Farrokh, Steven Henry Madoff, Shirin Neshat, Jocelyn Sharlet, and Kamran Talattof, I cannot begin to express how grateful I am to you all, not just for your work, but how kindly and openly you shared your experiences and answered my barrage of questions. And there is perhaps no stronger measure of my life than the quality of my friends. Der Baca, Scott Bloom, Mike Boucher, Alex Ebert, and Ivan Puchalt – the men who have forged more powerful memories in my life than anybody else. Brian Garcia and Tae Sung who trudged a parallel path with me at UCI, teaching me so much through all of it. So many miles pedaled with Sean Drake, yet never enough rocks climbed with Nathan Fulton – both of you helped develop my ideas and strengthen my body. Some of my greatest teachers have never been inside of a classroom with me, but have taught me such crucial lessons in my life. And two of them, Dan Pallotta and Fariborz Azhakh, I am fortunate enough to now even call my friends. Thank v you Jen Bell, without whom this dissertation would still be riddled with comma splices, split infinitives, and some pretty murky concepts. The Club, Phillip Walsh and Thomas Malugen Gilbreath III: powerful and clean. I once said that if I received my PhD for no other reason than to make my family happy that would have been more than enough reason for me. They are ever an unwavering source of support and the purest affection I’ve ever known. Thank you to my grandparents Mostafa and Soltan for teaching me what unconditional love feels like and my uncles Kambiz and Kaveh for lovingly showing me how to be a man. Grateful that my family is made up of people I’m thrilled to have as friends even if we weren’t related: Alice, Babak, Borzou, Dokhi, Isabella, Laleh, Laurie, Mahnaz, Nadia, Naghmeh, Neda, Neghin, Negar, Shant, Sophia, and Yeganeh – I love you all so much. And there is nobody else who has been more important on this journey or taught me more in life than Lida Khanverdi. My lion, friend, mother, and the best version of sheer goodness I have ever experienced in my life. Even if this work does not make the world better, because of all of these people, I am the best I’ve ever been. Thank you. vi CURRICULUM VITAE Ali Massoud Meghdadi Education Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature, University of California, Irvine; 2014 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Nasrin Rahimieh (chair), Steven Mailloux, Jack Miles, and Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong’o Doctoral Qualification Exam Committee: Nasrin Rahimieh (chair), Susan Jarratt, Steven Mailloux, Jack Miles, and Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong’o Master of Arts in Comparative Literature, University of California, Irvine; 2009, Summa Cum Laude Thesis Committee: Nasrin Rahimieh (chair), Adriana Michele Campos Johnson, and Touraj Daryaee Master of Fine Arts, Otis College of Art and Design; 2006 – 2008 Thesis Committee: Paul Vangelisti, Dennis Phillips, and Guy Bennett Master of Arts in English, Loyola Marymount University; 2007, Summa Cum Laude Exam Committee: Paul Harris and Ruben Martinez Bachelor of Arts in English, Loyola Marymount University; 2005, Magna Cum Laude Teaching University of California at Irvine, fall 2010 to present. • English 39c – Argument and Research (summer 2011-2014 online, winter/spring 2012 hybrid, winter 2013-present) • English 39b – College Writing (fall 2010 through fall 2012) • Summer Bridge Program (summer 2013/2014) Graduate Student Writing Tutor and Writing Seminar coordinator, Graduate Resource Center, University of California at Irvine, fall 2009 through summer 2010 Loyola Marymount University, 2006-2008 • English 110 – College Writing • English 140 – Introduction to Fiction Publications (cont.) “Synecdoche – Laleh Khorramian,” Canvass magazine (Mixed Media Publishing, April 2012) “Irangeles: A Fantasy Community of Iranian Exiles,” in Creoles, Diasporas, Cosmopolitanisms: Creolization of Nations, Cultural Migrations, Global Languages and Literatures (Academica Press, 2012) vii Publications (cont.) “Manifesting Beowulf’s Meta-Monsters,” in Interpreting Great Classics of Literature as Metatheatre and Metafiction: Ovid, Beowulf, Corneille, Racine, Wieland, Stoppard, and Rushdie (The Edwin Mellen Press Ltd., 2011) Guide to the Richard Rorty Papers, co-authored with Dawn Schmitz, Brian Jao Garcia, and Tae- Kyung Timothy Elijah Sung (California Digital Library 2010) “I ran,” The Truth about the Fact (Loyola Marymount University 2008) “3 Meditations on One Misery,” The Strip (Otis 2008) “I Spy a Butler: A Review of Oliver Cadiot’s Colonel Zoo,” New Review of Literature (Otis 2007) Research & Editing In-house copy editor at Advertising for Humanity. 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